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<document id="E6CD45AFA52745317337E1706191EC77" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5583.2.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14798053" ID-ZooBank="E5168208-01D7-4218-BE79-67B2E0E61E5E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1738625326105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vasanth, M., Kubendran, T., Subramanian, K. A. &amp; Babu, R." docDate="2025" docId="034C87EDFFF6FF85D8B5B056889CFE82" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5583.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5583 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5583.2.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thalerosphyrus sartorii Vasanth, Kubendran &amp; Subramanian 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="260" masterDocId="FF75FF95FFFFFF97D822B4578A12FFE7" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the genus Thalerosphyrus Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae: Ecdyonurinae) from India" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="247" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1738626381213" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="2198CD1937A8A3B154D497F514A75261" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="BCCDF4733DC117A2D38BA0B0B9E523B1">
<mods:title id="ED75A919EAB0E749E04F8FB9709CACE6">Two new species of the genus Thalerosphyrus Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae: Ecdyonurinae) from India</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C613255D6879A83CCD226684E8BA6ED7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="99B42EAE309A864B249430019B6128E6">
<mods:roleTerm id="A3CA14DC5405BD743A8FABCC429A7202">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="79B646155A4D687A200B344F7DBA670F">Vasanth, M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BE2C5D7EA553C1AB8A5901BFE9497570">Southern Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai- 600 028, India.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FE93D12C77FADD03DF104CD79739867C">Kubendran, T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B79D8EEE17BF09F3DD5B69D7EC5C65E7">Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhavan, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700 053, India.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7B4B1133E2B72DCB1CD27CFF3664EF7A">Subramanian, K. A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="702B726B3E679A8E9B8436B2AF0EA36B" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0872-9771</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A47B04C365A24373EC359D539A9B064B">Southern Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai- 600 028, India.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="909F2C89E5C028F8DE698A3165047C24" type="email">subbuka.zsi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="E1A92D4E99FE1F89886BABBBCF8DBAC3">
<mods:roleTerm id="F0E9FA3F5E60E1E8A3AAEF2D4016DE22">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D4DC82CB15D122E45F29645F8608D0C5">Babu, R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8B7F3F7D5FDF390B8F3874DEFDF4FC64" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9147-4540</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6FE010ADC6D27A8D83A29B6A227055CB">Southern Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai- 600 028, India.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BA5A6D1087A5DF695CC93A0CB3A4736A" type="email">baburzsi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="FB4D26840958141DEDC113D30ABBA7A9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E3EAF0670D69E37CC042F31DC7867214">
<mods:date id="474715F2F89FA81C4520159605F34A59">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B7DCB4587B8C4CF9275AE820DB9FC728" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="D64049DEE0A746B319F0D4FBE8FE625B">2025-02-03</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="FDFE791D11E37AB068D0C6280D422901" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7EC3CC42C60BCE5BAE1245B8D43DF209">5583</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="94D8B5332C49BD1819AAE58E16153AC2">2</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="2260E4C14B8D3A19FBF909AD28F16503">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5583.2.2</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="287252AF4FCE8A0B45351EACCDE69DCB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C50571C3E621977CECED2745CE315096" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5583.2.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2D55F6AB0F54B45F27A2D01DE5A3C274" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="034C87EDFFF6FF85D8B5B056889CFE82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14797951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14797951" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:034C87EDFFF6FF85D8B5B056889CFE82" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/034C87EDFFF6FF85D8B5B056889CFE82" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
<subSubSection id="C3FF6570FFF6FF9ED8B5B05689EBFBFB" box="[151,1017,1025,1052]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF6FF9ED8B5B05689EBFBFB" blockId="9.[151,1017,1025,1089]" box="[151,1017,1025,1052]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
<heading id="D0128197FFF6FF9ED8B5B05689EBFBFB" bold="true" box="[151,1017,1025,1052]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF6FF9ED8B5B05689EBFBFB" bold="true" box="[151,1017,1025,1052]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
<taxonomicName id="4CE54D78FFF6FF9ED8B5B0568986FBFC" authority="Vasanth, Kubendran &amp; Subramanian" authorityName="Vasanth, Kubendran &amp; Subramanian" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,916,1025,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF6FF9ED8B5B0568BA7FBFB" bold="true" box="[151,437,1025,1052]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Thalerosphyrus sartorii</emphasis>
Vasanth, Kubendran &amp; Subramanian
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2A25792FFF6FF9EDBB9B05589EBFBFB" box="[923,1017,1026,1052]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3FF6570FFF6FF9ED8B5B0718B35FBA6" box="[151,295,1062,1089]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF6FF9ED8B5B0718B35FBA6" blockId="9.[151,1017,1025,1089]" box="[151,295,1062,1089]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
(
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF6FF9ED8BDB0718B32FBA6" box="[159,288,1062,1089]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 51–52" captionStart-1="FIGURES 53–54" captionStart-2="FIGURES 55–62" captionStart-3="FIGURES 63–67" captionStart-4="FIGURES 68–77" captionStart-5="FIGURES 78–87" captionStart-6="FIGURES 88–95" captionStartId-0="10.[151,264,1632,1656]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,264,1385,1409]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,264,1415,1439]" captionStartId-4="14.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionStartId-5="15.[151,264,1856,1880]" captionStartId-6="16.[151,264,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1423,273,1609]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1423,273,1362]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetBox-3="[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetBox-4="[184,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1435,185,1820]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1435,181,1890]" captionTargetId-0="figure-68@10.[164,1423,273,1609]" captionTargetId-1="figure-62@11.[164,1423,273,1362]" captionTargetId-2="figure-30@12.[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetId-3="figure-19@13.[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetId-4="figure-30@14.[179,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId-5="figure-19@15.[151,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetId-6="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionTargetPageId-4="14" captionTargetPageId-5="15" captionTargetPageId-6="16" captionText-0="FIGURES 51–52. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 51. Dorsal view; 52. Ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 53–54. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 53. Abdomen dorsal view (arrows indicate tergum III black spots); 54. Posterolateral spine (left-side female and right-side male)." captionText-2="FIGURES 55–62. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 55. Caudal filaments; 56. Dorsal view of protopenis; 57. Labrum; 58. Labrum closer view (arrow indicates dorsal stout setae); 59. Hypopharynx; 60. Right mandible; 61. Right mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth and associated setae). 62. Left mandible;" captionText-3="FIGURES 63–67. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 63. Left mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth); 64. Maxilla; 65. Labium; 66. Glossae (arrows indicate dorsal setae closer view); 67. Glossae setae closer view." captionText-4="FIGURES 68–77. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 68. Forefemur; 69. Forefemur black macula; 70. Closer view of stout setae; 71. Midleg; 72. Stout setae closer view; 73. Midtibia setae; 74. Tibia setae closer view; 75. Hindleg; 76. Hindtibia (arrow indicates long stout setae); 77. Claw (arrow indicates denticles)." captionText-5="FIGURES 78–87. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 78. Notum (arrows indicate pro-and metanotum); 79. Pronotum with a small projection; 80. Protopenis (arrow indicates penis); 81. Protopenis closer view; 82. Penis closer view; 83–84. Posterior margin of tergum VI; 85. Dorsal surface of tergum VI with small simple setae; 86. Posterior margin of tergum VIII with posteromarginal spines; 87. Tergum VIII posterolateral spine closer view." captionText-6="FIGURES 88–95. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 88. Gill I; 89. Gill II; 90. Gill III; 91. Gill IV; 92. Gill V; 93. Gill VI; 94. Gill VII; 95. Antenna." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798073" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798075" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798077" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798079" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798083" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798085" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798087" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14798073/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14798075/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14798077/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14798079/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/14798083/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/14798085/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/14798087/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Figs 51–95</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3FF6570FFF6FF9ED8B5B0398E79FB13" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF6FF9ED8B5B0398E79FB13" blockId="9.[151,1437,1134,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF6FF9ED8B5B0398B96FB6F" bold="true" box="[151,388,1134,1160]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B8D3CA6FFF6FF9ED9ACB0398EBBFB4B" collectingDate="2023-02-02" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Babu &amp; Party &amp; Reg. No. I" country="India" county="Mature" elevation="314" latitude="11.5728" location="Gunderipallam" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.37006" municipality="Erode district" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="314" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF6FF9ED9ACB0398810FB6F" bold="true" box="[398,514,1134,1160]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
<typeStatus id="545E8859FFF6FF9ED9ACB0398BEFFB6F" box="[398,509,1134,1160]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="623B4E77FFF6FF9EDA2FB039884CFB6F" box="[525,606,1134,1160]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Mature</collectingCounty>
larva,
<collectingCountry id="F3F2766BFFF6FF9EDA93B0398911FB6F" box="[689,771,1134,1160]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">INDIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4921F819FFF6FF9EDB30B039898EFB6F" box="[786,924,1134,1160]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B3EAC81FFF6FF9EDB89B0398E5BFB6F" box="[939,1097,1134,1160]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Erode district</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E3A6020FFF6FF9EDC75B0398F10FB6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:034C87EDFFF6FF85D8B5B056889CFE82:8E3A6020FFF6FF9EDC75B0398F10FB6F" box="[1111,1282,1134,1160]" country="India" county="Mature" latitude="11.5728" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.37006" municipality="Erode district" name="Gunderipallam" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Gunderipallam</location>
,
<location id="8E3A6020FFF6FF9EDD32B0398ADCFB4B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:034C87EDFFF6FF85D8B5B056889CFE82:8E3A6020FFF6FF9EDD32B0398ADCFB4B" country="India" county="Mature" latitude="11.5728" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.37006" municipality="Erode district" name="Vanchimedu river" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Vanchimedu river</location>
,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EED1503CFFF6FF9ED94CB0C58BE4FB4B" box="[366,502,1170,1196]" degrees="77.37006" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" precision="1" value="77.37006">77.37006°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="9DE3FD72FFF6FF9EDA20B0C58842FB4B" box="[514,592,1170,1196]" count="314" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C1D9B1EFFF6FF9EDA20B0C5885EFB4B" box="[514,588,1170,1196]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1399999999999997" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="314.0">
<elevation id="00C8D1C8FFF6FF9EDA20B0C5885EFB4B" box="[514,588,1170,1196]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1399999999999997" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="314.0">314 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<date id="FF5B103BFFF6FF9EDA75B0C588DCFB4B" box="[599,718,1170,1196]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" value="2023-02-02">
<collectingDate id="EF1FE9D3FFF6FF9EDA75B0C588DCFB4B" box="[599,718,1170,1196]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" value="2023-02-02">02.II.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectionCode id="EDF4AE3EFFF6FF9EDB33B0C58935FB4B" box="[785,807,1170,1196]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="2610532DFFF6FF9EDB10B0C5897FFB4B" box="[818,877,1170,1196]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Babu</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="2610532DFFF6FF9EDBB3B0C589DEFB4B" box="[913,972,1170,1196]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Party</collectorName>
(
<collectorName id="2610532DFFF6FF9EDBFEB0C58E43FB4B" box="[988,1105,1170,1196]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Reg. No. I</collectorName>
/E/866)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B8D3CA6FFF6FF9EDC96B0C588ECFB37" collectingDate="2023-02-02" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Reg. No. I" country="India" county="Mature" elevation="314" latitude="11.5728" location="Gunderipallam" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.37006" municipality="Erode district" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-larva="4" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF6FF9EDC96B0C58F27FB4B" bold="true" box="[1204,1333,1170,1196]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
<typeStatus id="545E8859FFF6FF9EDC96B0C58F22FB4B" box="[1204,1328,1170,1196]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9DE3FD72FFF6FF9EDD1EB0C58F8AFB4B" box="[1340,1432,1170,1196]" count="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" type="larva">4 larvae</specimenCount>
, same place and data as holotype (
<collectorName id="2610532DFFF6FF9EDA0AB0E188B4FB37" box="[552,678,1206,1232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Reg. No. I</collectorName>
/E/867)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B8D3CA6FFF6FF9EDB2FB0E18818FB13" country="India" county="Kottadai" elevation="948" latitude="11.65037" location="Erode district" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.13364" municipality="Matheshwaram" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-larva="3" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9DE3FD72FFF6FF9EDB2FB0E1897FFB37" box="[781,877,1206,1232]" count="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8E3A6020FFF6FF9EDB5FB0E18E0EFB37" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:034C87EDFFF6FF85D8B5B056889CFE82:8E3A6020FFF6FF9EDB5FB0E18E0EFB37" box="[893,1052,1206,1232]" country="India" county="Kottadai" latitude="11.65037" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.13364" municipality="Matheshwaram" name="Erode district" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Erode district</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B3EAC81FFF6FF9EDC09B0E18ECAFB37" box="[1067,1240,1206,1232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Matheshwaram</collectingMunicipality>
kuttai,
<collectingCounty id="623B4E77FFF6FF9EDD17B0E18F8AFB37" box="[1333,1432,1206,1232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Kottadai</collectingCounty>
,
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<materialsCitation id="3B8D3CA6FFF6FF9EDA28B08D8E75FB13" box="[522,1127,1242,1268]" collectingDate="2023-02-04" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Babu &amp; Party &amp; Reg. No. I" country="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="paratype">
.
<date id="FF5B103BFFF6FF9EDA37B08D8899FB13" box="[533,651,1242,1268]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" value="2023-02-04">
<collectingDate id="EF1FE9D3FFF6FF9EDA37B08D8899FB13" box="[533,651,1242,1268]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" value="2023-02-04">04.II.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectionCode id="EDF4AE3EFFF6FF9EDAEDB08D88F7FB13" box="[719,741,1242,1268]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="2610532DFFF6FF9EDAD2B08D8939FB13" box="[752,811,1242,1268]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Babu</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="2610532DFFF6FF9EDB6DB08D8998FB13" box="[847,906,1242,1268]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Party</collectorName>
(
<collectorName id="2610532DFFF6FF9EDBBBB08D8E1DFB13" box="[921,1039,1242,1268]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Reg. No. I</collectorName>
/E/868)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3FF6570FFF6FF9AD8E5B0A98B82F9C8" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF6FF9ED8E5B0A98887FADB" blockId="9.[151,1437,1134,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF6FF9ED8E5B0A98816FAFF" bold="true" box="[199,516,1278,1304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Description. Mature larva</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF6FF9EDA34B0A9887EFAFE" box="[534,620,1278,1305]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–52" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-68@10.[164,1423,273,1609]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 51–52. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 51. Dorsal view; 52. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798073/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
). Length (mm): body 11–11.5; cerci 13–13.5.
<specimenCount id="9DE3FD72FFF6FF9EDCA6B0A98E8BFAFF" box="[1156,1177,1278,1304]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
body 12.5–13.5; cerci 14.5–15.5; prothorax width 4.2–4.5 (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF6FF9EDA16B175889AFADB" box="[564,648,1314,1340]" captionStart="FIGURES 78–87" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,185,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 78–87. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 78. Notum (arrows indicate pro-and metanotum); 79. Pronotum with a small projection; 80. Protopenis (arrow indicates penis); 81. Protopenis closer view; 82. Penis closer view; 83–84. Posterior margin of tergum VI; 85. Dorsal surface of tergum VI with small simple setae; 86. Posterior margin of tergum VIII with posteromarginal spines; 87. Tergum VIII posterolateral spine closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798085/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF6FF9ED8E5B1118AFFFA2B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1134,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF6FF9ED8E5B1118B32FA87" bold="true" box="[199,288,1350,1376]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Colour.</emphasis>
Generally pale brownish. Antennae brown and much shorter than the width of head (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF6FF9EDCD5B1118F5EFA86" box="[1271,1356,1350,1377]" captionStart="FIGURES 88–95" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 88–95. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 88. Gill I; 89. Gill II; 90. Gill III; 91. Gill IV; 92. Gill V; 93. Gill VI; 94. Gill VII; 95. Antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798087/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
). Head circular, brown, and flattened; anterior margin of the head with numerous small setae; a pair of pale maculae on the front of head, and dorsal surface has four pale dots; ocelli with three black dots mixed with pale color in the middle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF6FF9DD8E5B1818AFCFF1E" blockId="9.[151,1437,1134,2024]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,150,249]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF6FF9ED8E5B1818BBFFA17" bold="true" box="[199,429,1494,1520]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Head. Mouthparts:</emphasis>
Labrum moderately broad, 3.5× wider than long, anterior margin straight, medio-ventrally with a curved row composed of 7–8 long stout setae (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF6FF9EDACCB1AD8963F9F2" box="[750,881,1530,1557]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–62" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 55–62. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 55. Caudal filaments; 56. Dorsal view of protopenis; 57. Labrum; 58. Labrum closer view (arrow indicates dorsal stout setae); 59. Hypopharynx; 60. Right mandible; 61. Right mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth and associated setae). 62. Left mandible;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798077/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Figs 57–58</figureCitation>
); dorsal surface and anterior margin covered with long, hair-like and stout setae; ventral surface of anterior margin with numerous long hair-like setae lateral margin slightly concave. Mandibles strongly bent in distal part; anterolateral margins with several rows of dense long hair-like setae; anterolateral margins medially bulged (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF6FF9EDAEAB2318959F967" box="[712,843,1638,1664]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 55–62" captionStart-1="FIGURES 63–67" captionStartId-0="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,264,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetId-0="figure-30@12.[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@13.[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="FIGURES 55–62. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 55. Caudal filaments; 56. Dorsal view of protopenis; 57. Labrum; 58. Labrum closer view (arrow indicates dorsal stout setae); 59. Hypopharynx; 60. Right mandible; 61. Right mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth and associated setae). 62. Left mandible;" captionText-1="FIGURES 63–67. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 63. Left mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth); 64. Maxilla; 65. Labium; 66. Glossae (arrows indicate dorsal setae closer view); 67. Glossae setae closer view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798077" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798079" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14798077/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14798079/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Figs 60–63</figureCitation>
). Right mandible with outer incisor serrated on inner margin, composed of 8 blunt teeth; inner incisor with two teeth, apically sharp; prostheca with 10–11 thick fimbriate submarginal setae; mola joined, posterior margin with 5–6 hair-like setae (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF6FF9EDBC5B2F98E7EF92F" box="[999,1132,1710,1736]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–62" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 55–62. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 55. Caudal filaments; 56. Dorsal view of protopenis; 57. Labrum; 58. Labrum closer view (arrow indicates dorsal stout setae); 59. Hypopharynx; 60. Right mandible; 61. Right mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth and associated setae). 62. Left mandible;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798077/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Figs 60–61</figureCitation>
). Left mandible with outer incisor serrated with 13 blunt teeth; inner incisor apically bulged with trifid teeth, anterior tooth with small stout setae at the tip; prostheca with 11 thick fimbriate setae; mola with 6–7 setae and posterior median margin with 5 hair-like setae (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF6FF9ED965B34D8BDFF8D3" box="[327,461,1818,1844]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 55–62" captionStart-1="FIGURES 63–67" captionStartId-0="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,264,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetId-0="figure-30@12.[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@13.[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="FIGURES 55–62. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 55. Caudal filaments; 56. Dorsal view of protopenis; 57. Labrum; 58. Labrum closer view (arrow indicates dorsal stout setae); 59. Hypopharynx; 60. Right mandible; 61. Right mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth and associated setae). 62. Left mandible;" captionText-1="FIGURES 63–67. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 63. Left mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth); 64. Maxilla; 65. Labium; 66. Glossae (arrows indicate dorsal setae closer view); 67. Glossae setae closer view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798077" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798079" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14798077/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14798079/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Figs 62–63</figureCitation>
). Maxilla with long, simple setae on inner margin of galea-lacinia and with fimbriate setae scattered on ventral surface. Segment I of maxillary palp with rows of thin and simple setae on outer margins, dorsal surface with 4 small simple setae; segment II large with rows of numerous hair-like setae on outer margin; apical segment small, pointed, with rows of simple setae on outer margin. Crown of the galea-lacinia of maxillae with 14–15 comb-shaped setae (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF6FF9ED9D9B3FD885DF823" box="[507,591,1962,1988]" captionStart="FIGURES 63–67" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 63–67. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 63. Left mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth); 64. Maxilla; 65. Labium; 66. Glossae (arrows indicate dorsal setae closer view); 67. Glossae setae closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798079/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
). Hypopharynx narrow, lingua with tuft of small robust setae (lingua slightly damaged), superlinguae slightly expanded laterally, densely covered with long and thin setae replaced apex with small setae up to lower part of the superlinguae (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF5FF9DDA92B4C08911FF56" box="[688,771,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–62" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 55–62. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 55. Caudal filaments; 56. Dorsal view of protopenis; 57. Labrum; 58. Labrum closer view (arrow indicates dorsal stout setae); 59. Hypopharynx; 60. Right mandible; 61. Right mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth and associated setae). 62. Left mandible;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798077/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
). Labium well developed, glossae dorsally with two distinct long setae and median patch of feathered setae; inner margin slightly concave, outer margin straight or serrated (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF5FF9DDD48B4EC8AF3FF1E" captionStart="FIGURES 63–67" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 63–67. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 63. Left mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth); 64. Maxilla; 65. Labium; 66. Glossae (arrows indicate dorsal setae closer view); 67. Glossae setae closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798079/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Figs 65–67</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF9A6673FFF5FF9DD8B5B2378E4DF99E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798073" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14798073" box="[151,1119,1632,1657]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798073/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" startId="10.[151,264,1632,1656]" targetBox="[164,1423,273,1609]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF5FF9DD8B5B2378E4DF99E" blockId="10.[151,1119,1632,1657]" box="[151,1119,1632,1657]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF5FF9DD8B5B2378B46F99E" bold="true" box="[151,340,1632,1657]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">FIGURES 51–52.</emphasis>
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="4CE54D78FFF5FF9DD995B23688B5F99F" authorityName="Vasanth &amp; Kubendran &amp; Subramanian &amp; Babu" authorityYear="2025" box="[439,679,1633,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF5FF9DD995B23688B5F99F" box="[439,679,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Thalerosphyrus sartorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF5FF9DDA8CB23688ECF99E" bold="true" box="[686,766,1633,1657]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2A25792FFF5FF9DDA8CB23688ECF99E" box="[686,766,1633,1657]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
51. Dorsal view; 52. Ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF5FF9CD8E5B29C88E7FF1E" blockId="10.[151,1437,1739,2017]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF5FF9DD8E5B29C8B35F902" bold="true" box="[199,295,1739,1765]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Thorax.</emphasis>
Pronotum moderately enlarged laterally, medially concave, wider than the head, and basally not fused to the mesonotum (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF5FF9DD951B2B88BE5F8ED" box="[371,503,1775,1802]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–52" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-68@10.[164,1423,273,1609]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 51–52. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 51. Dorsal view; 52. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798073/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Figs 51–52</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF5FF9DDA21B2B88830F8EE" box="[515,546,1775,1801]" captionStart="FIGURES 78–87" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,185,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 78–87. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 78. Notum (arrows indicate pro-and metanotum); 79. Pronotum with a small projection; 80. Protopenis (arrow indicates penis); 81. Protopenis closer view; 82. Penis closer view; 83–84. Posterior margin of tergum VI; 85. Dorsal surface of tergum VI with small simple setae; 86. Posterior margin of tergum VIII with posteromarginal spines; 87. Tergum VIII posterolateral spine closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798085/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">78</figureCitation>
), anterior margin of pronotum with a small projection at apex, anteromedially dark black indentation marking, and posterior part of medially with a pair of black spots (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF5FF9DDC8BB3448F12F8CA" box="[1193,1280,1811,1837]" captionStart="FIGURES 78–87" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,185,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 78–87. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 78. Notum (arrows indicate pro-and metanotum); 79. Pronotum with a small projection; 80. Protopenis (arrow indicates penis); 81. Protopenis closer view; 82. Penis closer view; 83–84. Posterior margin of tergum VI; 85. Dorsal surface of tergum VI with small simple setae; 86. Posterior margin of tergum VIII with posteromarginal spines; 87. Tergum VIII posterolateral spine closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798085/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
). Mesonotum pale and brown color mixed, anterolaterally with deep concavity (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF5FF9DDBA5B36089CFF8B6" box="[903,989,1847,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 78–87" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,185,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 78–87. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 78. Notum (arrows indicate pro-and metanotum); 79. Pronotum with a small projection; 80. Protopenis (arrow indicates penis); 81. Protopenis closer view; 82. Penis closer view; 83–84. Posterior margin of tergum VI; 85. Dorsal surface of tergum VI with small simple setae; 86. Posterior margin of tergum VIII with posteromarginal spines; 87. Tergum VIII posterolateral spine closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798085/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
). Legs brown with pale markings (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF5FF9DDD48B3608B1EF891" captionStart="FIGURES 68–77" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[179,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 68–77. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 68. Forefemur; 69. Forefemur black macula; 70. Closer view of stout setae; 71. Midleg; 72. Stout setae closer view; 73. Midtibia setae; 74. Tibia setae closer view; 75. Hindleg; 76. Hindtibia (arrow indicates long stout setae); 77. Claw (arrow indicates denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798083/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Figs 68, 71, 75</figureCitation>
). Foreleg: femur with a row of long strong setae on dorsal margin, anterior surface with numerous blunt stout setae, medially with small indentation of middle, and distally with a black spot (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF5FF9DDC43B3288EF7F87E" box="[1121,1253,1919,1945]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–77" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[179,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 68–77. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 68. Forefemur; 69. Forefemur black macula; 70. Closer view of stout setae; 71. Midleg; 72. Stout setae closer view; 73. Midtibia setae; 74. Tibia setae closer view; 75. Hindleg; 76. Hindtibia (arrow indicates long stout setae); 77. Claw (arrow indicates denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798083/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Figs 68–70</figureCitation>
). Midleg: femur anterior surface with numerous stout setae, median and distally with black spot; tibia dorsal surface with small stout feathered setae, inner side with small thick setae, and outer margin with a row of hair-like setae (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF5FF9DDD2FB3908F83F806" box="[1293,1425,1991,2017]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–77" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[179,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 68–77. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 68. Forefemur; 69. Forefemur black macula; 70. Closer view of stout setae; 71. Midleg; 72. Stout setae closer view; 73. Midtibia setae; 74. Tibia setae closer view; 75. Hindleg; 76. Hindtibia (arrow indicates long stout setae); 77. Claw (arrow indicates denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798083/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Figs 71–74</figureCitation>
). Hindleg: femur with dorsal surface triangle-shaped setae, clearly pointed median, and distally with black spot; tibia with dorsally two rows of stout setae, inner side without setae and marginal and submarginal 17–18 pointed setae (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF4FF9CD8BDB4888B31FF1E" box="[159,291,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–77" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[179,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 68–77. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 68. Forefemur; 69. Forefemur black macula; 70. Closer view of stout setae; 71. Midleg; 72. Stout setae closer view; 73. Midtibia setae; 74. Tibia setae closer view; 75. Hindleg; 76. Hindtibia (arrow indicates long stout setae); 77. Claw (arrow indicates denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798083/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Figs 75–77</figureCitation>
). Claw with 3–4 blunt denticles (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF4FF9CDAB6B48888FBFF1E" box="[660,745,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–77" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[179,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 68–77. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 68. Forefemur; 69. Forefemur black macula; 70. Closer view of stout setae; 71. Midleg; 72. Stout setae closer view; 73. Midtibia setae; 74. Tibia setae closer view; 75. Hindleg; 76. Hindtibia (arrow indicates long stout setae); 77. Claw (arrow indicates denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798083/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF9A6673FFF4FF9CD8B5B13E8919FA42" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798075" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14798075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798075/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258" startId="11.[151,264,1385,1409]" targetBox="[164,1423,273,1362]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF4FF9CD8B5B13E8919FA42" blockId="11.[151,1436,1385,1445]" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF4FF9CD8B5B13E8B46FA66" bold="true" box="[151,340,1385,1409]" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">FIGURES 53–54.</emphasis>
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="4CE54D78FFF4FF9CD996B13E88B6FA66" authorityName="Vasanth &amp; Kubendran &amp; Subramanian &amp; Babu" authorityYear="2025" box="[436,676,1385,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF4FF9CD996B13E88B6FA66" box="[436,676,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Thalerosphyrus sartorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF4FF9CDA88B13E891FFA66" bold="true" box="[682,781,1385,1409]" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2A25792FFF4FF9CDA88B13E88EBFA66" box="[682,761,1385,1409]" pageId="11" pageNumber="258" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
5
</emphasis>
3. Abdomen dorsal view (arrows indicate tergum III black spots); 54. Posterolateral spine (left-side female and right-side male).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF4FF9CD8E5B1A08997F89D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1527,2022]" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF4FF9CD8E5B1A08B51F9F6" bold="true" box="[199,323,1527,1553]" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Posterolateral expansions on terga III–VIII parallel to abdomen, poorly developed on tergum III, weakly developed on terga IV–V, moderately developed on terga VI–VIII (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF4FF9CDBD8B24C8E92F9D1" box="[1018,1152,1563,1590]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–54" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1385,1409]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1362]" captionTargetId="figure-62@11.[164,1423,273,1362]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 53–54. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 53. Abdomen dorsal view (arrows indicate tergum III black spots); 54. Posterolateral spine (left-side female and right-side male)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798075/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Figs 53–54</figureCitation>
). Dorsal surface of terga I–III pale brown, medially a brown spot; tergum III with laterally black spot; terga IV–V medially with a distinct pale-yellow spot (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF4FF9CD947B2348BA9F999" box="[357,443,1635,1662]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–52" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-68@10.[164,1423,273,1609]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 51–52. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 51. Dorsal view; 52. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798073/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
); terga IV–X brown mixed with pale yellow (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF4FF9CDBECB2348E31F999" box="[974,1059,1635,1662]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–54" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1385,1409]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1362]" captionTargetId="figure-62@11.[164,1423,273,1362]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 53–54. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 53. Abdomen dorsal view (arrows indicate tergum III black spots); 54. Posterolateral spine (left-side female and right-side male)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798075/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
); sternum pale yellowish or pale brownish (mature larva), sterna III–VII laterally with brown spot (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF4FF9CDBBDB2D08E09F945" box="[927,1051,1671,1698]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–54" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1385,1409]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1362]" captionTargetId="figure-62@11.[164,1423,273,1362]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 53–54. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 53. Abdomen dorsal view (arrows indicate tergum III black spots); 54. Posterolateral spine (left-side female and right-side male)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798075/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Fig 53–54</figureCitation>
). Posterior margins of terga with irregular pointed teeth and a row of 2–3 microdenticles (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF4FF9CDB3CB2FC89B2F922" box="[798,928,1707,1733]" captionStart="FIGURES 78–87" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,185,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 78–87. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 78. Notum (arrows indicate pro-and metanotum); 79. Pronotum with a small projection; 80. Protopenis (arrow indicates penis); 81. Protopenis closer view; 82. Penis closer view; 83–84. Posterior margin of tergum VI; 85. Dorsal surface of tergum VI with small simple setae; 86. Posterior margin of tergum VIII with posteromarginal spines; 87. Tergum VIII posterolateral spine closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798085/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Figs 84–86</figureCitation>
) and each tergite laterally with small simple setae (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF4FF9CD8FFB2988B3DF90D" box="[221,303,1743,1770]" captionStart="FIGURES 78–87" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,185,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 78–87. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 78. Notum (arrows indicate pro-and metanotum); 79. Pronotum with a small projection; 80. Protopenis (arrow indicates penis); 81. Protopenis closer view; 82. Penis closer view; 83–84. Posterior margin of tergum VI; 85. Dorsal surface of tergum VI with small simple setae; 86. Posterior margin of tergum VIII with posteromarginal spines; 87. Tergum VIII posterolateral spine closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798085/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
). Gill I convex, asymmetrical, elongated, apically moderately sharp, 2.5× longer than wide and ventral lamella long, fimbriate (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF4FF9CD98BB2A48812F8EA" box="[425,512,1779,1805]" captionStart="FIGURES 88–95" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 88–95. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 88. Gill I; 89. Gill II; 90. Gill III; 91. Gill IV; 92. Gill V; 93. Gill VI; 94. Gill VII; 95. Antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798087/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Figs 88</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF4FF9CDA2FB2A48828F8EA" box="[525,570,1779,1805]" captionStart="FIGURES 111–114" captionStartId="19.[151,264,806,830]" captionTargetBox="[313,1274,183,780]" captionTargetId="figure-19@19.[311,1276,181,782]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 111–114. Gill I of dorsal plate: 111. Th. flowersi (Paratype); 112. Th. flowersi (Thailand); 113. Th. bengalensis sp. nov.; 114. Th. sartorii sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798093/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">114</figureCitation>
); Gill II–VI strongly asymmetrical, length and width subequal (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF4FF9CDD2EB2A48F82F8EA" box="[1292,1424,1779,1805]" captionStart="FIGURES 88–95" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 88–95. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 88. Gill I; 89. Gill II; 90. Gill III; 91. Gill IV; 92. Gill V; 93. Gill VI; 94. Gill VII; 95. Antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798087/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Figs 89–93</figureCitation>
). Gill VII long, 2.5× longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF4FF9CDA65B340888FF8D6" box="[583,669,1815,1841]" captionStart="FIGURES 88–95" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 88–95. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 88. Gill I; 89. Gill II; 90. Gill III; 91. Gill IV; 92. Gill V; 93. Gill VI; 94. Gill VII; 95. Antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798087/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
). Cerci pale brownish with medium brown bands increasing in size towards apex. Paracercus pale whitish with yellow, with a dark brown band on 3–4 segments and each segment surrounded with pointed small yellowish spine-like setae (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF4FF9CDB06B308896BF89D" box="[804,889,1887,1914]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–62" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 55–62. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 55. Caudal filaments; 56. Dorsal view of protopenis; 57. Labrum; 58. Labrum closer view (arrow indicates dorsal stout setae); 59. Hypopharynx; 60. Right mandible; 61. Right mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth and associated setae). 62. Left mandible;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798077/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF4FF9CD8E5B3D488B6F802" blockId="11.[151,1437,1527,2022]" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF4FF9CD8E5B3D48B20F87A" bold="true" box="[199,306,1923,1949]" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Genitals.</emphasis>
Protopenis (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF4FF9CD9E6B3D48859F87A" box="[452,587,1923,1949]" captionStart="FIGURES 78–87" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,185,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 78–87. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 78. Notum (arrows indicate pro-and metanotum); 79. Pronotum with a small projection; 80. Protopenis (arrow indicates penis); 81. Protopenis closer view; 82. Penis closer view; 83–84. Posterior margin of tergum VI; 85. Dorsal surface of tergum VI with small simple setae; 86. Posterior margin of tergum VIII with posteromarginal spines; 87. Tergum VIII posterolateral spine closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798085/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Figs 80–82</figureCitation>
): male genitalia yellowish, penis fused, V-shaped medially, apically blunt, and laterally with tapered square, tergum X triangular and apically with numerous stout setae (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF4FF9CDCFAB3F08F3FF826" box="[1240,1325,1959,1985]" captionStart="FIGURES 78–87" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,185,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 78–87. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 78. Notum (arrows indicate pro-and metanotum); 79. Pronotum with a small projection; 80. Protopenis (arrow indicates penis); 81. Protopenis closer view; 82. Penis closer view; 83–84. Posterior margin of tergum VI; 85. Dorsal surface of tergum VI with small simple setae; 86. Posterior margin of tergum VIII with posteromarginal spines; 87. Tergum VIII posterolateral spine closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798085/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="258">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
). Forceps proximally broad and towards narrow apically.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF9A6673FFF3FF9BD8B5B3D7898BF807" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798077" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14798077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798077/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="259" startId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1897]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF3FF9BD8B5B3D7898BF807" blockId="12.[151,1437,1920,2017]" pageId="12" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF3FF9BD8B5B3D78B46F87F" bold="true" box="[151,340,1920,1944]" pageId="12" pageNumber="259">FIGURES 55–62.</emphasis>
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="4CE54D78FFF3FF9BD995B3D788B5F87F" authorityName="Vasanth &amp; Kubendran &amp; Subramanian &amp; Babu" authorityYear="2025" box="[439,679,1920,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF3FF9BD995B3D788B5F87F" box="[439,679,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="259">Thalerosphyrus sartorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF3FF9BDA8FB3D688ECF87E" bold="true" box="[685,766,1921,1945]" pageId="12" pageNumber="259">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2A25792FFF3FF9BDA8FB3D688ECF87E" box="[685,766,1921,1945]" pageId="12" pageNumber="259" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
55. Caudal filaments; 56. Dorsal view of protopenis; 57. Labrum; 58. Labrum closer view (arrow indicates dorsal stout setae); 59. Hypopharynx; 60. Right mandible; 61. Right mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth and associated setae). 62. Left mandible;
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF9A6673FFF2FF9AD8B5B1D08EC1FA24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798079" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14798079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798079/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="260" startId="13.[151,264,1415,1439]" targetBox="[164,1423,181,1391]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF2FF9AD8B5B1D08EC1FA24" blockId="13.[151,1437,1415,1475]" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF2FF9AD8B5B1D08B47FA78" bold="true" box="[151,341,1415,1439]" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">FIGURES 63–67.</emphasis>
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="4CE54D78FFF2FF9AD99AB1D088BBFA78" authorityName="Vasanth &amp; Kubendran &amp; Subramanian &amp; Babu" authorityYear="2025" box="[440,681,1415,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF2FF9AD99AB1D088BBFA78" box="[440,681,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Thalerosphyrus sartorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF2FF9ADA92B1D08913FA78" bold="true" box="[688,769,1415,1439]" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2A25792FFF2FF9ADA92B1D08913FA78" box="[688,769,1415,1439]" pageId="13" pageNumber="260" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
63. Left mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth); 64. Maxilla; 65. Labium; 66. Glossae (arrows indicate dorsal setae closer view); 67. Glossae setae closer view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF2FF9AD8E5B2428B82F9C8" blockId="13.[151,1437,1557,2016]" box="[199,400,1557,1583]" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF2FF9AD8E5B2428B01F9C8" bold="true" box="[199,275,1557,1583]" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Adult.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3FF6570FFF2FF9AD8E5B26D8BCEF990" pageId="13" pageNumber="260" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF2FF9AD8E5B26D8BCEF990" blockId="13.[151,1437,1557,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF2FF9AD8E5B26D8B5CF9B3" bold="true" box="[199,334,1594,1620]" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is named in honour of Dr. Michel Sartori in recognition of his significant contributions to the genus
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF2FF9AD907B20A8BCEF990" box="[293,476,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">
<taxonomicName id="4CE54D78FFF2FF9AD907B20A8BC5F990" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[293,471,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thalerosphyrus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3FF6570FFF2FF9AD8E5B2D68970F97B" box="[199,866,1665,1692]" pageId="13" pageNumber="260" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF2FF9AD8E5B2D68970F97B" blockId="13.[151,1437,1557,2016]" box="[199,866,1665,1692]" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF2FF9AD8E5B2D68B73F97C" bold="true" box="[199,353,1665,1691]" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Distribution.</emphasis>
Erode district,
<collectingRegion id="4921F819FFF2FF9ADA2FB2D68883F97C" box="[525,657,1665,1691]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F3F2766BFFF2FF9ADA82B2D688CFF97C" box="[672,733,1665,1691]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">India</collectingCountry>
) (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF2FF9ADAD6B2D68947F97B" box="[756,853,1665,1692]" captionStart="FIGURES 111–114" captionStartId="19.[151,264,806,830]" captionTargetBox="[313,1274,183,780]" captionTargetId="figure-19@19.[311,1276,181,782]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 111–114. Gill I of dorsal plate: 111. Th. flowersi (Paratype); 112. Th. flowersi (Thailand); 113. Th. bengalensis sp. nov.; 114. Th. sartorii sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798093/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Fig. 112</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3FF6570FFF2FF85D8E5B2F2889CFE82" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="265" pageId="13" pageNumber="260" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B5A36FBFFF2FF85D8E5B2F2889CFE82" blockId="13.[151,1437,1557,2016]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="265" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF2FF9AD8E5B2F28B50F958" bold="true" box="[199,322,1701,1727]" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4CE54D78FFF2FF9AD96AB2F289FDF958" authority="Vasanth, Kubendran &amp; Subramanian" authorityName="Vasanth, Kubendran &amp; Subramanian" authorityYear="2025" box="[328,1007,1701,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF2FF9AD96AB2F28843F958" box="[328,593,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Thalerosphyrus sartorii</emphasis>
Vasanth, Kubendran &amp; Subramanian
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF2FF9ADBD7B2F18E5CF927" bold="true" box="[1013,1102,1702,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2A25792FFF2FF9ADBD7B2F18E5CF927" box="[1013,1102,1702,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="260" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4CE54D78FFF2FF9ADCFCB2F18F40F958" authorityName="Venkataraman &amp; Sivamarakrishnan" authorityYear="1987" box="[1246,1362,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flowersi">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF2FF9ADCFCB2F18F40F958" box="[1246,1362,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">T. flowersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF2FF9ADDAAB2F18B51F904" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">
<taxonomicName id="4CE54D78FFF2FF9ADDAAB2F18B2DF904" authorityName="Selvakumar &amp; Chandra" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meghalayensis">T. meghalayensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but it can be distinguished from all known species of
<taxonomicName id="4CE54D78FFF2FF9ADBBEB29E8E59F904" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[924,1099,1737,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B991EAE9FFF2FF9ADBBEB29E8E59F904" box="[924,1099,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Thalerosphyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: (i) posterolateral expansions on terga III–VIII, terga VI–VIII moderately developed, tergum III poorly developed, weakly developed on terga IV–V (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF2FF9ADA80B3468934F8CB" box="[674,806,1809,1836]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 51–52" captionStart-1="FIGURES 53–54" captionStartId-0="10.[151,264,1632,1656]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,264,1385,1409]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1423,273,1609]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1423,273,1362]" captionTargetId-0="figure-68@10.[164,1423,273,1609]" captionTargetId-1="figure-62@11.[164,1423,273,1362]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 51–52. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 51. Dorsal view; 52. Ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 53–54. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 53. Abdomen dorsal view (arrows indicate tergum III black spots); 54. Posterolateral spine (left-side female and right-side male)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798073" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798075" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14798073/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14798075/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Figs 51–54</figureCitation>
); (ii) gill I convex, asymmetrical, elongate, 2.5× longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF2FF9AD934B3628B78F8B7" box="[278,362,1845,1872]" captionStart="FIGURES 88–95" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 88–95. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 88. Gill I; 89. Gill II; 90. Gill III; 91. Gill IV; 92. Gill V; 93. Gill VI; 94. Gill VII; 95. Antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798087/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
); (iii) abdominal tergum III dorsolaterally with black markings (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF2FF9ADC63B3628E87F8B7" box="[1089,1173,1845,1872]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–54" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1385,1409]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1362]" captionTargetId="figure-62@11.[164,1423,273,1362]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 53–54. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 53. Abdomen dorsal view (arrows indicate tergum III black spots); 54. Posterolateral spine (left-side female and right-side male)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798075/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
); (iv) abdominal sterna III–VII with laterally black streaks (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF2FF9ADA0BB30E8865F893" box="[553,631,1881,1908]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–54" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1385,1409]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1362]" captionTargetId="figure-62@11.[164,1423,273,1362]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 53–54. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 53. Abdomen dorsal view (arrows indicate tergum III black spots); 54. Posterolateral spine (left-side female and right-side male)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798075/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Fig 54</figureCitation>
); (v) posterior margins of terga with irregular pointed teeth and a row of 2–3 micro denticles (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF2FF9AD9A5B32A881EF870" box="[391,524,1917,1943]" captionStart="FIGURES 78–87" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,185,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 78–87. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 78. Notum (arrows indicate pro-and metanotum); 79. Pronotum with a small projection; 80. Protopenis (arrow indicates penis); 81. Protopenis closer view; 82. Penis closer view; 83–84. Posterior margin of tergum VI; 85. Dorsal surface of tergum VI with small simple setae; 86. Posterior margin of tergum VIII with posteromarginal spines; 87. Tergum VIII posterolateral spine closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798085/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Figs 84–86</figureCitation>
); (vi) pronotum moderately enlarged laterally, with anteromedian black marking and submedian pair of black spots (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF2FF9ADA1BB3F68886F85B" box="[569,660,1953,1980]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–52" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-68@10.[164,1423,273,1609]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 51–52. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 51. Dorsal view; 52. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798073/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Figs 51</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF2FF9ADA81B3F588D1F85B" box="[675,707,1954,1980]" captionStart="FIGURES 78–87" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,185,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 78–87. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 78. Notum (arrows indicate pro-and metanotum); 79. Pronotum with a small projection; 80. Protopenis (arrow indicates penis); 81. Protopenis closer view; 82. Penis closer view; 83–84. Posterior margin of tergum VI; 85. Dorsal surface of tergum VI with small simple setae; 86. Posterior margin of tergum VIII with posteromarginal spines; 87. Tergum VIII posterolateral spine closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798085/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">78</figureCitation>
); (vii) all femora medially with black maculae and blunt stout setae (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF2FF9AD8C0B3928B8BF807" box="[226,409,1989,2016]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–77" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[179,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 68–77. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 68. Forefemur; 69. Forefemur black macula; 70. Closer view of stout setae; 71. Midleg; 72. Stout setae closer view; 73. Midtibia setae; 74. Tibia setae closer view; 75. Hindleg; 76. Hindtibia (arrow indicates long stout setae); 77. Claw (arrow indicates denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798083/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Figs 68, 71, 75</figureCitation>
); (viii) hind femur triangular-shaped setae, clearly pointed (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFF2FF9ADC71B3928EB9F807" box="[1107,1195,1989,2016]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–77" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[179,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 68–77. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 68. Forefemur; 69. Forefemur black macula; 70. Closer view of stout setae; 71. Midleg; 72. Stout setae closer view; 73. Midtibia setae; 74. Tibia setae closer view; 75. Hindleg; 76. Hindtibia (arrow indicates long stout setae); 77. Claw (arrow indicates denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798083/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="260">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
); (xi) claw with 3–4 blunt denticles (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFEDFF85D96BB4C08B8FFF56" box="[329,413,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–77" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[179,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 68–77. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 68. Forefemur; 69. Forefemur black macula; 70. Closer view of stout setae; 71. Midleg; 72. Stout setae closer view; 73. Midtibia setae; 74. Tibia setae closer view; 75. Hindleg; 76. Hindtibia (arrow indicates long stout setae); 77. Claw (arrow indicates denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798083/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="265">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
); (x) labrum moderately expanded laterally, anterior margin straight, medio-ventrally with a curved row composed of 7–8 long stout setae each; lateral margin slightly concave (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFEDFF85DC61B4EC8ED4FF32" box="[1091,1222,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–62" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 55–62. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 55. Caudal filaments; 56. Dorsal view of protopenis; 57. Labrum; 58. Labrum closer view (arrow indicates dorsal stout setae); 59. Hypopharynx; 60. Right mandible; 61. Right mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth and associated setae). 62. Left mandible;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798077/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="265">Figs 57–58</figureCitation>
); (xi) hypopharynx narrow and superlinguae slightly expanded laterally with apically with small setae (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFEDFF85DC6EB4888EB0FF1E" box="[1100,1186,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–62" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 55–62. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 55. Caudal filaments; 56. Dorsal view of protopenis; 57. Labrum; 58. Labrum closer view (arrow indicates dorsal stout setae); 59. Hypopharynx; 60. Right mandible; 61. Right mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth and associated setae). 62. Left mandible;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798077/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="265">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
); (xii) mandibles with lateral margin medially bulged, of mandibles and left mandible inner incisor with three teeth with small stout setae joined with first teeth (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFEDFF85D9BFB5708831FEA6" box="[413,547,295,321]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 55–62" captionStart-1="FIGURES 63–67" captionStartId-0="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,264,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetId-0="figure-30@12.[151,1435,181,1897]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@13.[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="FIGURES 55–62. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 55. Caudal filaments; 56. Dorsal view of protopenis; 57. Labrum; 58. Labrum closer view (arrow indicates dorsal stout setae); 59. Hypopharynx; 60. Right mandible; 61. Right mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth and associated setae). 62. Left mandible;" captionText-1="FIGURES 63–67. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 63. Left mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth); 64. Maxilla; 65. Labium; 66. Glossae (arrows indicate dorsal setae closer view); 67. Glossae setae closer view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798077" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798079" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14798077/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14798079/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="265">Figs 60–63</figureCitation>
); (xiii) maxillae broad, galea-lacinia with 14–15 comb-shaped setae (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFEDFF85DD1BB5708F9DFEA6" box="[1337,1423,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 63–67" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 63–67. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 63. Left mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth); 64. Maxilla; 65. Labium; 66. Glossae (arrows indicate dorsal setae closer view); 67. Glossae setae closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798079/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="265">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
); (xiv) glossae with slightly concave (
<figureCitation id="13DE2A7EFFEDFF85DA0FB51C8893FE82" box="[557,641,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 63–67" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[164,1423,181,1391]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 63–67. Larva of Thalerosphyrus sartorii sp. nov. 63. Left mandible closer view (arrow indicates incisor teeth); 64. Maxilla; 65. Labium; 66. Glossae (arrows indicate dorsal setae closer view); 67. Glossae setae closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14798079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14798079/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="265">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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