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<document id="4087FBB81D7850F68DD12BF9BBEF5C8A" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629709746491" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kondo, Takumasa" docDate="2010" docId="696387C5EC6CC44EFF4721EDFC11621C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02709p072.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2709" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cryptostigma silveirai" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="955AFFBDEC55C473FFD0253AFFFF6660" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the myrmecophilous, meliponiphilous and rhizophilous soft scale genus Cryptostigma Ferris (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) 2709" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1699099347031" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="EE87621E4BC78BE5414820D92A096F25">Taxonomic revision of the myrmecophilous, meliponiphilous and rhizophilous soft scale genus Cryptostigma Ferris (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) 2709</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="8EC79897C891CA649A1200539F49BF1B">Kondo, Takumasa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="CCD737F28AE091E87861B94114CDB439">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C50F24CF3C0665EB11FA54653C03039C">2010-12-03</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0D0290E87E5749490E2BF9622479F743" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E7A1D682DDCAD13293577339B0E5DC3F">2709</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="AD19052634AF3845541CED56B6AE9B5C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="BAE589B63FA021693F5E0BDA3452F79F" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2055EBEA0F514F813AA44AEDA90F7B39" type="ZooBank">EEB136EF-22C6-44AD-8FB0-0541153DC28C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="696387C5EC6CC44EFF4721EDFC11621C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:696387C5EC6CC44EFF4721EDFC11621C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/696387C5EC6CC44EFF4721EDFC11621C" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<subSubSection id="A9D06558EC6CC44AFF4721EDFDE36291" box="[151,540,1239,1265]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6CC44AFF4721EDFDE36291" blockId="57.[151,540,1239,1300]" box="[151,540,1239,1265]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<heading id="BA3D81BFEC6CC44AFF4721EDFDE36291" bold="true" box="[151,540,1239,1265]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC6CC44AFF4721EDFDE36291" authority="(Hempel)" baseAuthorityName="Hempel" box="[151,540,1239,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cryptostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6CC44AFF4721EDFDE36291" bold="true" box="[151,540,1239,1265]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6CC44AFF4721EDFE606291" bold="true" box="[151,415,1239,1265]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Cryptostigma silveirai</emphasis>
(Hempel)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9D06558EC6CC44AFF4721C0FEBB6374" box="[151,324,1274,1300]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6CC44AFF4721C0FEBB6374" blockId="57.[151,540,1239,1300]" box="[151,324,1274,1300]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
(
<figureCitation id="79F12A56EC6CC44AFF4F21C0FF086374" box="[159,247,1274,1300]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="58.[151,255,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,239,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-71@58.[151,1436,178,1841]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 24. Cryptostigma silveirai (Hempel), adult female." pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 24</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="79F12A56EC6CC44AFECD21C0FEC46374" box="[285,315,1274,1300]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="60.[151,255,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[184,1396,236,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-57@60.[151,1436,194,1857]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 25. Cryptostigma silveirai (Hempel), first-instar nymph." pageId="57" pageNumber="58">25</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9D06558EC6CC44AFF47207FFBAB63DC" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6CC44AFF47207FFD74633C" blockId="57.[151,1436,1349,1468]" box="[151,651,1349,1372]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C1DA11FDEC6CC44AFF47207FFD74633C" box="[151,651,1349,1372]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC6CC44AFF47207FFE43633C" ID-CoL="3SRX8" authority="Hempel" authorityName="Hempel" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,444,1349,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6CC44AFF47207FFEA1633C" box="[151,350,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Lecanium silveirai</emphasis>
Hempel
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="606B10C2EC6CC44AFE17207FFD78633C" author="Hempel, A." box="[455,647,1349,1372]" page="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC6CC44AFE17207FFD78633C" author="Hempel, A." box="[455,647,1349,1372]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="3 - 7" refId="ref37268" refString="Hempel, A. (1900 a) Descriptions of three new species of Coccidae from Brazil. Canadian Entomologist, 32, 3 - 7." type="journal article" year="1900">Hempel, 1900a: 5</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6CC44AFF47205FFC1D63FC" blockId="57.[151,1436,1349,1468]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C1DA11FDEC6CC44AFF47205FFC1D63FC" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC6CC44AFF47205FFE09631C" ID-CoL="6S7ZP" authority="(Hempel)" baseAuthorityName="Hempel" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,502,1381,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Neolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6CC44AFF47205FFE7C631C" box="[151,387,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Neolecanium silveirai</emphasis>
(Hempel)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="606B10C2EC6CC44AFDD4205FFD07631C" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[516,760,1381,1404]" page="143" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC6CC44AFDD4205FFD07631C" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[516,760,1381,1404]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="143" refId="ref36973" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1902 a) A new scale-insect on agave. Memoria y Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica ' Antonio Alzate', 17, 143." type="journal article" year="1902">Cockerell, 1902a: 143</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="606B10C2EC6CC44AFCD6205FFC7B631C" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[774,900,1381,1404]" page="451" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC6CC44AFCD6205FFC7B631C" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[774,900,1381,1404]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="450 - 456" refId="ref37006" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1902 b) A contribution to the knowledge of the Coccidae. Appendix. Some Brazilian Coccidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (Ser. 7) 9, 450 - 456." type="journal article" year="1902">1902b: 451</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="606B10C2EC6CC44AFC41205FFBF1631C" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[913,1038,1381,1404]" page="254" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC6CC44AFC41205FFBF1631C" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[913,1038,1381,1404]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="250 - 257" refId="ref37051" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1902 c) A catalogue of the Coccidae of South America. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 6, 250 - 257." type="journal article" year="1902">1902c: 254</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="606B10C2EC6CC44AFBCB205FFB08631C" author="Hempel, A." box="[1051,1271,1381,1404]" page="424" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC6CC44AFBCB205FFB08631C" author="Hempel, A." box="[1051,1271,1381,1404]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="365 - 537" refId="ref37295" refString="Hempel, A. (1900 b) [Brazilian coccids.] As coccidas Brasileiras. (In Portuguese). Revista do Museu Paulista. Sao Paulo, 4, 365 - 537." type="journal article" year="1900">Hempel 1900b: 424</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="606B10C2EC6CC44AFAD5205FFF0D63FC" author="Fernald, M. E." page="177" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1903">
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC6CC44AFAD5205FFF0D63FC" author="Fernald, M. E." pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref37120" refString="Fernald, M. E. (1903) A catalogue of the Coccidae of the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 88, 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1903">Fernald 1903: 177</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="606B10C2EC6CC44AFF2D20BFFE1263FC" author="Costa Lima, A." box="[253,493,1413,1436]" page="135" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC6CC44AFF2D20BFFE1263FC" author="Costa Lima, A." box="[253,493,1413,1436]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="135 - 141" refId="ref37084" refString="Costa Lima, A. (1924) [On parasites of grapevine.] Sobre insectos parasitas da videira. (In Portuguese). Almanak Agricola Brasileiro, 1924, 135 - 141." type="journal article" year="1924">
<collectingRegion id="230EF831EC6CC44AFF2D20BFFEC563FC" box="[253,314,1413,1436]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Costa</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="230EF831EC6CC44AFE9020BFFE8763FC" box="[320,376,1413,1436]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Lima</collectingRegion>
1924: 135
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="606B10C2EC6CC44AFE2920BFFD0163FC" author="Lepage, H. S. &amp; Piza, M. T." box="[505,766,1413,1436]" page="21" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC6CC44AFE2920BFFD0163FC" author="Lepage, H. S. &amp; Piza, M. T." box="[505,766,1413,1436]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="21 - 26" refId="ref37816" refString="Lepage, H. S. &amp; Piza, M. T. (1941) [Redescription of &quot; Neolecanium silveirai (Hempel) &quot; (Homoptera - Coccoidea), a serious pest of grape, and its control.] (In Portuguese; Summary In English). Arquivos do Instituto Biologico. Sao Paulo, 12, 21 - 26." type="journal article" year="1941">Lepage &amp; Piza 1941: 21</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="606B10C2EC6CC44AFCDA20BFFC2163FC" author="Vernalha, M. M." box="[778,990,1413,1436]" page="139" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1953">
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC6CC44AFCDA20BFFC2163FC" author="Vernalha, M. M." box="[778,990,1413,1436]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="111 - 304" refId="ref38035" refString="Vernalha, M. M. (1953) Coccideos da colecao I. B. P. T. (In Portuguese). Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia, Curitiba, 8, 111 - 304." type="journal article" year="1953">Vernalha 1953: 139</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6CC44AFF47209FFBAB63DC" blockId="57.[151,1436,1349,1468]" box="[151,1108,1445,1468]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC6CC44AFF47209FFE0A63DC" authority="(Hempel)" baseAuthorityName="Hempel" box="[151,501,1445,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cryptostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6CC44AFF47209FFE7963DC" box="[151,390,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Cryptostigma silveirai</emphasis>
(Hempel)
</taxonomicName>
; Kondo &amp; Williams, 2002: 127. Change of combination.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9D06558EC6CC448FF4720D0FF286532" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6CC44AFF4720D0FD6A602F" blockId="57.[151,1436,1514,2026]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6CC44AFF4720D0FE2B6064" bold="true" box="[151,468,1514,1540]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="51A23C8EEC6CC44AFE0D20D0FD6A602F" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" location="BRAZIL" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="366" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="3E718871EC6CC44AFE0D20D0FDA76064" box="[477,600,1514,1540]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
, here designated.
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC6CC44AFCE120D1FB846064" authority="Hempel" authorityName="Hempel" authorityYear="1900" box="[817,1147,1514,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6CC44AFCE120D1FBEE6064" box="[817,1041,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Lecanium silveirai</emphasis>
Hempel
</taxonomicName>
, adult
<specimenCount id="F7CCFD5AEC6CC44AFB1E20D0FB1B6064" box="[1230,1252,1514,1540]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
.
<collectingCountry id="99DD7643EC6CC44AFB2320D0FA9C6064" box="[1267,1379,1514,1540]" name="Brazil" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="F7CCFD5AEC6CC44AFABF20D0FF2E604A" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="generic">359 Type</specimenCount>
45, No. 95.069, 1 slide with
<specimenCount id="F7CCFD5AEC6CC44AFDF4232AFD56604A" box="[548,681,1552,1578]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(original slide with
<specimenCount id="F7CCFD5AEC6CC44AFC45232AFBD7604A" box="[917,1064,1552,1578]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
, remounted onto 4 slides with
<specimenCount id="F7CCFD5AEC6CC44AFA5D232AFEF9602F" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
on each,
<typeStatus id="3E718871EC6CC44AFEA6230FFE1E602F" box="[374,481,1589,1615]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
# 1/4)(
<collectionCode id="87DBAE16EC6CC44AFDE3230FFD76602F" box="[563,649,1589,1615]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6CC44AFF152360FB236084" blockId="57.[151,1436,1514,2026]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<materialsCitation id="51A23C8EEC6CC44AFF152360FAE96014" box="[197,1302,1626,1652]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" location="Same" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<typeStatus id="3E718871EC6CC44AFF152360FE826014" box="[197,381,1626,1652]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
.
<location id="E4156008EC6CC44AFE5A2360FE326014" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:696387C5EC6CC44EFF4721EDFC11621C:E4156008EC6CC44AFE5A2360FE326014" box="[394,461,1626,1652]" name="Same" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Same</location>
data as lectotype, 3 (3): each slide labelled # 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 (
<collectionCode id="87DBAE16EC6CC44AFB662360FAF36014" box="[1206,1292,1626,1652]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="51A23C8EEC6CC44AFAF42361FB2560DF" collectingDate="1899-05-15" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="A. Silveira &amp; Type &amp; No." country="Brazil" location="Minas" municipality="Sao Joan del Rei" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC6CC44AFAF42361FE9A60FA" authority="Hempel" authorityName="Hempel" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6CC44AFAF42361FF0460F9" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Lecanium silveirai</emphasis>
Hempel
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="99DD7643EC6CC44AFEA323BAFE1B60FA" box="[371,484,1664,1690]" name="Brazil" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="E4156008EC6CC44AFE2123BAFDC360FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:696387C5EC6CC44EFF4721EDFC11621C:E4156008EC6CC44AFE2123BAFDC360FA" box="[497,572,1664,1690]" country="Brazil" municipality="Sao Joan del Rei" name="Minas" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Minas</location>
[Gerais],
<collectingMunicipality id="0111ACA9EC6CC44AFD6823BAFC7760FA" box="[696,904,1664,1690]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">São Joãn del Rei</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="95741013EC6CC44AFC4523BAFBF060FA" box="[917,1039,1664,1690]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1899-05-15">
<collectingDate id="8530E9FBEC6CC44AFC4523BAFBF060FA" box="[917,1039,1664,1690]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1899-05-15">15.v.1899</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="4C3F5305EC6CC44AFB8B23BAFB1E60FA" box="[1115,1249,1664,1690]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. Silveira</collectorName>
, slide-mounted from MZSP
<collectorName id="4C3F5305EC6CC44AFEE1239FFE9260DF" box="[305,365,1701,1727]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type</collectorName>
dry material
<collectorName id="4C3F5305EC6CC44AFDC3239FFDBF60DF" box="[531,576,1701,1727]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">No.</collectorName>
95.069, ex videira (grape), AL-201-99, 2 (2) (
<collectionCode id="87DBAE16EC6CC44AFBAD239FFB2D60DF" box="[1149,1234,1701,1727]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 2 (2) (
<collectionCode id="87DBAE16EC6CC44AFAE4239FFA7060DF" box="[1332,1423,1701,1727]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">AUCC</collectionCode>
);
<materialsCitation id="51A23C8EEC6CC44AFF4723F1FB276084" box="[151,1240,1738,1764]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-adult="10" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC6CC44AFF4723F1FDBF6084" authority="Hempel, No" authorityName="Hempel, No" box="[151,576,1738,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Mesolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6CC44AFF4723F1FE566084" box="[151,425,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Mesolecanium silveirai</emphasis>
Hempel, No
</taxonomicName>
data, 11 (11:
<specimenCount id="F7CCFD5AEC6CC44AFD0F23F0FCC16084" box="[735,830,1738,1764]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="adult">10 adult</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="F7CCFD5AEC6CC44AFC9623F0FCA36084" box="[838,860,1738,1764]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
+ 1 first-instar nymph) (
<collectionCode id="87DBAE16EC6CC44AFBAD23F0FB2F6084" box="[1149,1232,1738,1764]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6CC44AFF1523D5FE2B616A" blockId="57.[151,1436,1514,2026]" box="[197,468,1775,1802]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6CC44AFF1523D5FE986169" bold="true" box="[197,359,1775,1801]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Adult female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="79F12A56EC6CC44AFEA723CAFE33616A" box="[375,460,1776,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="58.[151,255,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,239,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-71@58.[151,1436,178,1841]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 24. Cryptostigma silveirai (Hempel), adult female." pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6CC44AFF15222FFBD8618A" blockId="57.[151,1436,1514,2026]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6CC44AFF15222FFE29614F" bold="true" box="[197,470,1813,1839]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Unmounted material.</emphasis>
Female subcircular or slightly elliptical, light red. Dorsum convex, 5.0–6.0 mm long, 4.0–5.0 mm wide, and 2.5–3.0 mm tall; lustrous, with a hard derm, covered by a thin layer of waxy secretion; with a median, longitudinal sulcus; derm around anal plates sunken. Anal cleft
<quantity id="26329B36EC6CC44AFB11225AFAE0611A" box="[1217,1311,1888,1914]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
. in length; anal lobes contiguous. With 2 lines of white powdery secretion on both sides (probably referring to the wax on the spiracular furrows secreted by the spiracular disc-pores). When the insect is removed from its resting site, it leaves a circular stain of white wax (Translated from
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC6CC44AFCCF22EAFBE4618A" author="Lepage, H. S. &amp; Piza, M. T." box="[799,1051,2000,2026]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="21 - 26" refId="ref37816" refString="Lepage, H. S. &amp; Piza, M. T. (1941) [Redescription of &quot; Neolecanium silveirai (Hempel) &quot; (Homoptera - Coccoidea), a serious pest of grape, and its control.] (In Portuguese; Summary In English). Arquivos do Instituto Biologico. Sao Paulo, 12, 21 - 26." type="journal article" year="1941">Lepage &amp; Piza, 1941</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="B5B5665BEC6FC449FF47227CFCDD613E" box="[151,802,1862,1886]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[151,255,1862,1886]" targetBox="[194,1398,239,1803]" targetPageId="58">
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6FC449FF47227CFCDD613E" blockId="58.[151,802,1862,1886]" box="[151,802,1862,1886]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6FC449FF47227CFED9613E" bold="true" box="[151,294,1862,1886]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC6FC449FEFD227DFD74613E" authority="(Hempel)" baseAuthorityName="Hempel" box="[301,651,1863,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cryptostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6FC449FEFD227DFDE3613E" box="[301,540,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Cryptostigma silveirai</emphasis>
(Hempel)
</taxonomicName>
, adult female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6FC449FF1522B6FB6661C6" blockId="58.[151,1436,1932,2033]" box="[197,1177,1932,1958]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6FC449FF1522B6FE5061C6" bold="true" box="[197,431,1932,1958]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mounted material.</emphasis>
Body outline oval, 3.0–
<quantity id="26329B36EC6FC449FD1A22B6FCDC61C6" box="[714,803,1932,1958]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="26329B36EC6FC449FCBE22B6FC0461C6" box="[878,1019,1932,1958]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="3.1" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.7">2.7–3.5 mm</quantity>
wide (n=19).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6FC448FF152288FA8D670C" blockId="58.[151,1436,1932,2033]" lastBlockId="59.[151,1436,151,1932]" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6FC449FF152288FEDA61AB" box="[197,293,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Derm membranous, with numerous circular sclerotic pores scattered evenly on dorsum; each pore 15–23 µm wide. Dorsal body setae each 9–13 µm long and sharply spinose, setal sockets normal, thick but most setae present on a sclerotized plate 15–34 µm wide; present evenly on dorsum. Simple pores not detected. Dorsal microducts bilocular, each about 3–4 µm wide, numerous, evenly distributed on dorsum. Preopercular pores absent. Sclerotic area present around anal plates. Anal plates together quadrate, with rounded angles, each plate 183–243 µm long, 92–108 µm wide, anterolateral margin 135–173 µm long, posterolateral margin 113–135 µm long; with 5 setae on dorsal surface, plus 1 ventral subapical setae on each plate; plates located about 1/5 of body length from posterior margin. Anal ring with 10 setae. Eyes absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6EC448FF152442FC1867D7" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,1932]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FF152442FEE267F1" box="[197,285,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Margin</emphasis>
. Margin smooth. Marginal setae not differentiated from dorsal setae. Stigmatic clefts very deep; stigmatic sclerotization enclosing spiracles; stigmatic setae not detected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6EC448FF1524F8FF286532" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,1932]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FF1524F8FEEE67BB" box="[197,273,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Venter</emphasis>
. Derm membranous. Ventral setae slender, each 13–23 µm long, those on abdominal segments usually longer. Ventral microducts each about 2 µm wide scattered evenly on venter. Tubular ducts absent. Clypeolabral shield 372–458 µm wide. Multilocular disc-pores each 5–8 µm wide with 5–8 (mostly 7) loculi, abundant around vulva, and mid-ventrally on all abdominal segments, with a few extending as far as mesothorax. Spiracular disc-pores each 5–7 µm wide with 3–7 (mostly 5) loculi, present between each spiracle and body margin, plus a group extending inwards from each posterior spiracles inwards to near each mesothoracic leg. Antennae very small, 1 segmented, total length 26–47 µm, represented by a flattened segment bearing numerous fleshy and flagellate setae. Interantennal setae about 3 pairs. Legs greatly reduced, represented by a small sclerotic plate associated with several setae; length 11–26 µm. Spiracles larger than legs, located near margin; each anterior peritreme 124–162 µm wide, each posterior peritreme 135–189 µm wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9D06558EC6EC448FF162667FA6362C2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6EC448FF162667FA6362C2" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,1932]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FF162667FEB96517" bold="true" box="[198,326,861,887]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The adult female of
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC6EC448FDEC2667FD406516" box="[572,703,861,887]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cryptostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FDEC2667FDB06516" box="[572,591,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FD8F2667FD406516" box="[607,703,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">silveirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be diagnosed by the following features: (i) sclerotic pores present, (ii) dorsal setae sharply or bluntly spinose, each mostly on a sclerotized plate, but a few with normal or well-developed setal sockets, (iii) preopercular pores absent, (iv) each anal plate with about 5 setae on dorsal surface, (v) marginal setae not differentiated from dorsal setae, (vi) antennae 1 segmented, reduced to a small round plate bearing numerous setae, (vii) legs greatly reduced, represented by a small sclerotic plate with several setae, (viii) with a group of spiracular disc-pores extending from each posterior spiracle inwards to near each mesothoracic leg, and (ix) ventral tubular ducts absent.
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC6EC448FC682107FBC56236" box="[952,1082,1085,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cryptostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FC682107FC346236" box="[952,971,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FC0A2107FBC56236" box="[986,1082,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">silveirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears closest to
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC6EC448FAC82107FA636236" authorityName="Kondo" authorityYear="2010" box="[1304,1436,1085,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cryptostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longinoi">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FAC82107FA636236" box="[1304,1436,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">C. longinoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC6EC448FF192159FE93621C" box="[201,364,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cryptostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhizohilum">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FF192159FE93621C" box="[201,364,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">C. rhizohilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it can be easily differentiated from the former by the absence of ventral simple pores, and from the latter by the absence of a subcircular group of simple pores next to each stigmatic sclerotization.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9D06558EC6EC44EFF472197FD006412" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6EC448FF472197FB4963E2" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,1932]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FF472197FEEB62A7" bold="true" box="[151,276,1197,1223]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Remarks.</emphasis>
In
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC6EC448FE902197FDE262A7" author="Hempel, A." box="[320,541,1197,1223]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="3 - 7" refId="ref37268" refString="Hempel, A. (1900 a) Descriptions of three new species of Coccidae from Brazil. Canadian Entomologist, 32, 3 - 7." type="journal article" year="1900">Hempel’s (1900a)</bibRefCitation>
original description of
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC6EC448FC932197FC3262A6" box="[835,973,1197,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cryptostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FC932197FC3262A6" box="[835,973,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">C. silveirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC6EC448FC302197FB3962A6" authorityName="Hempel" authorityYear="1900" box="[992,1222,1197,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FC302197FB3962A6" box="[992,1222,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Lecanium silveirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), he reported the species as causing serious damage by feeding on the roots of grape vines in the localities of Sete Lagoas and Diamantina, in the State of
<collectingRegion id="230EF831EC6EC448FE3621C2FD746372" box="[486,651,1272,1298]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="99DD7643EC6EC448FD4921C2FD196372" box="[665,742,1272,1298]" name="Brazil" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC6EC448FD2321C2FBEB6372" author="Lepage, H. S. &amp; Piza, M. T." box="[755,1044,1272,1298]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="21 - 26" refId="ref37816" refString="Lepage, H. S. &amp; Piza, M. T. (1941) [Redescription of &quot; Neolecanium silveirai (Hempel) &quot; (Homoptera - Coccoidea), a serious pest of grape, and its control.] (In Portuguese; Summary In English). Arquivos do Instituto Biologico. Sao Paulo, 12, 21 - 26." type="journal article" year="1941">Lepage and Piza (1941)</bibRefCitation>
later redescribed the species, as
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC6EC448FF472027FE676356" baseAuthorityName="Hempel" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,408,1309,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Neolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FF472027FE676356" box="[151,408,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Neolecanium silveirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and reported it as a serious pest of grape vines in Araraquara, in the State of
<collectingRegion id="230EF831EC6EC448FACF2027FA676357" box="[1311,1432,1309,1335]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">San Paulo</collectingRegion>
.
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC6EC448FF472078FE50633C" author="Lepage, H. S. &amp; Piza, M. T." box="[151,431,1346,1372]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="21 - 26" refId="ref37816" refString="Lepage, H. S. &amp; Piza, M. T. (1941) [Redescription of &quot; Neolecanium silveirai (Hempel) &quot; (Homoptera - Coccoidea), a serious pest of grape, and its control.] (In Portuguese; Summary In English). Arquivos do Instituto Biologico. Sao Paulo, 12, 21 - 26." type="journal article" year="1941">Lepage and Piza (1941)</bibRefCitation>
conducted chemical trial experiments on the insects, which occur underground in the roots of grape and are found up to a depth of
<quantity id="26329B36EC6EC448FD782052FD0B63E2" box="[680,756,1384,1410]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="90.0">90 cm</quantity>
, thus making them difficult to control.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6EC448FF1620B7FDDD63C7" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,1932]" box="[198,546,1421,1447]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FF1620B7FE4A63C7" bold="true" box="[198,437,1421,1447]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">First-instar nymph</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="79F12A56EC6EC448FE1520B7FDE663C7" box="[453,537,1421,1447]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="60.[151,255,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[184,1396,236,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-57@60.[151,1436,194,1857]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 25. Cryptostigma silveirai (Hempel), first-instar nymph." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6EC448FF162088FD116392" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,1932]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FF162088FE2763AC" bold="true" box="[198,472,1458,1484]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Unmounted material.</emphasis>
Nymphs small, active, rose-coloured, elliptical, with well-developed legs and antennae (Translated from
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC6EC448FE0220E2FD1E6392" author="Lepage, H. S. &amp; Piza, M. T." box="[466,737,1496,1522]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="21 - 26" refId="ref37816" refString="Lepage, H. S. &amp; Piza, M. T. (1941) [Redescription of &quot; Neolecanium silveirai (Hempel) &quot; (Homoptera - Coccoidea), a serious pest of grape, and its control.] (In Portuguese; Summary In English). Arquivos do Instituto Biologico. Sao Paulo, 12, 21 - 26." type="journal article" year="1941">Lepage and Piza, 1941</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6EC448FF1520C7FB956077" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,1932]" box="[197,1130,1533,1559]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FF1520C7FE506077" bold="true" box="[197,431,1533,1559]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mounted material.</emphasis>
Elongate oval, 706–792 µm long, 501–555 µm wide (n=1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6EC448FF152319FC516097" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,1932]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FF152319FEDC605C" box="[197,291,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Dorsal derm membranous. Dorsal setae each 8–11 µm long and slender, totalling about 13 pairs in 2 mid-dorsal longitudinal rows, extending from head region towards area just anterior to anal plates. Trilocular pore present on each side of head near margin. Dorsal microducts each about 2 µm wide, appearing bilocular, numerous. Simple pores each about 3.5 µm wide, numerous. Anal plates together quadrate, each plate 100 µm long, 45 µm wide; dorsal surface with 1 seta present on mid-area of plate, plus 3 apical setae; ventral surface with 1 fringe seta. Anal ring as in generic diagnosis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC6EC448FF162239FD5961EC" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,1932]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC6EC448FF162239FEE2617C" box="[198,285,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Margin</emphasis>
. Outline smooth. Marginal setae each 18–22 µm long and sharply spinose, totalling more than 90, with about 10 between each group of anterior and posterior stigmatic setae. Stigmatic setae each 12–18 µm long and bluntly spinose; with 3 anterior stigmatic setae and 4 posterior setae. Eyespots hard to detect, present on margin on area anterior to antennal scape.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B5B5665BEC69C44FFF47226CFCA1610E" box="[151,862,1878,1902]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" startId="60.[151,255,1878,1902]" targetBox="[184,1396,236,1844]" targetPageId="60">
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC69C44FFF47226CFCA1610E" blockId="60.[151,862,1878,1902]" box="[151,862,1878,1902]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC69C44FFF47226CFED9610E" bold="true" box="[151,294,1878,1902]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC69C44FFEFD226DFD74610E" authority="(Hempel)" baseAuthorityName="Hempel" box="[301,651,1879,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cryptostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC69C44FFEFD226DFDE3610E" box="[301,540,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Cryptostigma silveirai</emphasis>
(Hempel)
</taxonomicName>
, first-instar nymph.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC69C44FFF1522A6FA6461D6" blockId="60.[151,1435,1948,2012]" box="[197,1435,1948,1974]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC69C44FFF1522A6FEF161D5" box="[197,270,1948,1973]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Venter</emphasis>
. Ventral derm membranous. Antennae 5 segmented, total length 334 µm. Mid-ventral setae slender,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC69C44EFF4722F8FD006412" blockId="60.[151,1435,1948,2012]" lastBlockId="61.[151,1436,152,1148]" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">1 pair present on last 3 abdominal segments. Interantennal setae 1 pair. Ventral submarginal setae flagellate, with 7 pairs of setae on abdomen between each posterior stigmatic area and anal cleft; in addition to the 7 pairs of setae there are 3 setae just below each posterior stigmatic furrow; also with about 20 setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic areas, about 7 on each side between eyes and anterior stigmatic areas, and 2 pairs of slender setae on head region. Ventral microducts each about 2 µm wide, about 16 anteriorly between anterior stigmatic areas, about 9 on each submarginal area between anterior and posterior stigmatic setae; also with a group of about 9 present between each prothoracic and mesothoracic legs, and 12 between posterior stigmatic area and anal cleft: 2 microducts per each pair of submarginal setae except for the last pair at the anal cleft. Spiracular disc-pores each about 4 µm wide with 3–6 (mostly 5) loculi, each anterior stigmatic furrow with about 12 pores, posterior furrow with about 15 pores. Spiracular peritremes each 22–24 µm wide. Clypeolabral shield 196 µm wide. Legs well developed, with numerous setae, trochanter + femur 179–185 µm long, tibia + tarsus 221–232 µm long; microctenidia present on apex of tibia. Prothoracic tarsal digitules dissimilar, 1 knobbed and 1 spiniform; meso- and metathoracic tarsal digitules similar, knobbed. Claw with a small denticle; claw digitules both slender, knobbed.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9D06558EC68C44EFF152747FCDF65FC" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC68C44EFF152747FCDF65FC" blockId="61.[151,1436,152,1148]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC68C44EFF152747FEB964F7" bold="true" box="[197,326,637,663]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The first-instar nymph of
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC68C44EFD562747FCF364F6" box="[646,780,637,662]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cryptostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC68C44EFD562747FCF364F6" box="[646,780,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. silveirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be diagnosed by the combination of the following features: (i) dorsal setae present in 2 longitudinal rows of about 13 setae, (ii) each anterior stigmatic cleft with 3 stigmatic setae; each posterior cleft with 4 setae, (iii) with about 10 marginal setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic setae, (iv) antennae 5 segmented, (v) with pairs of submedian abdominal setae on last 3 abdominal segments, (vi) each anterior stigmatic furrow with about 12 pores; each posterior furrow with about 15 pores, (vii) with a group of microducts between pro- and mesothoracic coxae on each side of body, and (viii) legs with many setae.
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC68C44EFDC02667FD6C6516" box="[528,659,861,886]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cryptostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC68C44EFDC02667FD6C6516" box="[528,659,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. silveirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species in the genus with first-instar nymphs that have 2 pairs of ventral submarginal setae on the head region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9D06558EC68C44EFF15269DFAA16237" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC68C44EFF15269DFD8C65A2" blockId="61.[151,1436,152,1148]" box="[197,627,935,962]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC68C44EFF15269DFEA565A1" bold="true" box="[197,346,935,961]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Host plants.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC68C44EFEB22692FE3465A2" box="[354,459,936,962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Vitales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Vitaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC68C44EFE062692FD9365A1" box="[470,620,936,961]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Vitales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vinifera">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC68C44EFE062692FD9365A1" box="[470,620,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Vitis vinifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC68C44EFF1526F7FD426587" blockId="61.[151,1436,152,1148]" box="[197,701,973,999]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC68C44EFF1526F7FDFA6587" bold="true" box="[197,517,973,999]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
Associated
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC68C44EFE8226F7FDFE6587" box="[338,513,973,999]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
None reported.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC68C44EFF1526C8FAA16237" blockId="61.[151,1436,152,1148]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC68C44EFF1526C8FEE8626C" bold="true" box="[197,279,1010,1036]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Males.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC68C44EFECE26C8FDCB626C" author="Lepage, H. S. &amp; Piza, M. T." box="[286,564,1010,1036]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="21 - 26" refId="ref37816" refString="Lepage, H. S. &amp; Piza, M. T. (1941) [Redescription of &quot; Neolecanium silveirai (Hempel) &quot; (Homoptera - Coccoidea), a serious pest of grape, and its control.] (In Portuguese; Summary In English). Arquivos do Instituto Biologico. Sao Paulo, 12, 21 - 26." type="journal article" year="1941">Lepage and Piza (1941)</bibRefCitation>
described the male test of
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC68C44EFCBC26C8FC11626B" box="[876,1006,1010,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cryptostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC68C44EFCBC26C8FC11626B" box="[876,1006,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. silveirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC68C44EFBCE26C8FAE0626B" baseAuthorityName="Hempel" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1054,1311,1010,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Neolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silveirai">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC68C44EFBCE26C8FAE0626B" box="[1054,1311,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Neolecanium silveirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) as glazed satin-like,
<quantity id="26329B36EC68C44EFEC22122FEAA6252" box="[274,341,1048,1074]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="26329B36EC68C44EFE702122FE1C6252" box="[416,483,1048,1074]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide,
<quantity id="26329B36EC68C44EFDE32122FD896252" box="[563,630,1048,1074]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
tall, of elliptical form, divided by clear lines into 3 symmetric areas.
<bibRefCitation id="855B4B22EC68C44EFF472107FE516237" author="Lepage, H. S. &amp; Piza, M. T." box="[151,430,1085,1111]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="21 - 26" refId="ref37816" refString="Lepage, H. S. &amp; Piza, M. T. (1941) [Redescription of &quot; Neolecanium silveirai (Hempel) &quot; (Homoptera - Coccoidea), a serious pest of grape, and its control.] (In Portuguese; Summary In English). Arquivos do Instituto Biologico. Sao Paulo, 12, 21 - 26." type="journal article" year="1941">Lepage and Piza (1941)</bibRefCitation>
described the adult male as typical of males in the genus (
<taxonomicName id="26CA4D50EC68C44EFB8B2107FAAD6237" authority="Parrott" authorityName="Parrott" authorityYear="1901" box="[1115,1362,1085,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Neolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC68C44EFB8B2107FB0A6236" box="[1115,1269,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Neolecanium</emphasis>
Parrott
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9D06558EC68C44EFF152158FC11621C" box="[197,1006,1122,1148]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E17536D3EC68C44EFF152158FC11621C" blockId="61.[151,1436,152,1148]" box="[197,1006,1122,1148]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="D3BEEAC1EC68C44EFF152158FE9A621C" bold="true" box="[197,357,1122,1148]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Distribution.</emphasis>
Neotropical Region:
<collectingCountry id="99DD7643EC68C44EFDB22158FD55621C" box="[610,682,1122,1148]" name="Brazil" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="230EF831EC68C44EFD692158FCA5621C" box="[697,858,1122,1148]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="230EF831EC68C44EFCB62158FC1D621C" box="[870,994,1122,1148]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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