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<document id="44DC1C48A92019A1C8B76F34C15C28CB" ID-CLB-Dataset="26158" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4645.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a68c09f-52e1-4378-90cf-1558f7252663" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3345447" ID-ZooBank="01C0687D-D282-4E0C-8C3E-C2E70956C493" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563784763385" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sharifi, Negar Mir, Graham, Liam &amp; Packer, Laurence" docDate="2019" docId="396B7E7CFFF23B6B7595FF17C719FEF6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4645.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4645 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Liphanthus (Leptophanthus) tregualemensis Sharifi &amp; Graham &amp; Packer 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="1786A773-FF87-4B08-9757-3CE63069A74B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="C5520604FFC33B597502FF8EC25FFFE9" masterDocTitle="Fifteen new species of Liphanthus Reed (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) with two submarginal cells" masterLastPageNumber="80" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698746939489" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1D4CDE873890035834CFF266EDAE16A2">Fifteen new species of Liphanthus Reed (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) with two submarginal cells</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4EB4E4C27DB6F504E69CB8D8C903A2FF">Sharifi, Negar Mir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="849CB856BCE0A984564BC5D5DA5FBF62">Graham, Liam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B1D15F9ADC2BAAE8CB31928EFC5EB8A">Packer, Laurence</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6E83BD8E5D552D88C01500561F1C73B6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D137E5C2A2123D937DE7C18C44FA2137">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FB5D792F5C7F0CA91BD63CD6F57B0F25">2019-07-22</mods:number>
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<treatment id="396B7E7CFFF23B6B7595FF17C719FEF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5942965" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158756597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5942965" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1786A773-FF87-4B08-9757-3CE63069A74B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/396B7E7CFFF23B6B7595FF17C719FEF6" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection id="F9D89CE1FFF23B687595FF17C1E9FF31" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFF23B687595FF17C123FF5D" blockId="49.[151,950,153,251]" box="[151,892,153,180]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="EA357806FFF23B687595FF17C123FF5D" bold="true" box="[151,892,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B687595FF17C123FF5D" bold="true" box="[151,892,153,180]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFF23B687595FF17C14EFF5D" authority="Packer" authorityName="Sharifi &amp; Graham &amp; Packer" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,785,153,180]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Liphanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tregualemensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Leptophanthus">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B687595FF17C0ECFF5D" bold="true" box="[151,691,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Liphanthus (Leptophanthus) tregualemensis</emphasis>
Packer
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9885AE03FFF23B68761CFF14C123FF5D" box="[798,892,154,180]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9D89CE1FFF23B687595FF6FC3BAFF12" box="[151,485,225,251]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFF23B687595FF6FC3BAFF12" blockId="49.[151,950,153,251]" box="[151,485,225,251]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<figureCitation id="29F9D3EFFFF23B687595FF6FC367FF12" box="[151,312,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 109111" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1564,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1545]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1435,309,1545]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 109111. Liphanthus tregualemensis sp. nov., holotype female: 109: dorsal habitus, 110: face in frontal view, note the strongly convex vertex, 111: forewing to show two submarginal cells. Scale bars Figs. 109 &amp; 111 1mm, Fig. 110 0.5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3345493/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs. 109111</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="29F9D3EFFFF23B687441FF6FC330FF12" box="[323,367,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 165168" captionStartId="68.[151,264,1227,1252]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1208]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1435,181,1208]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 165168. 165: L. aliavenus face frontal view to show yellow marking (red arrow); 166: L. aliavenus forewing to show first recurrent vein entering first submarginal cell (blue arrow), 167: L. centralis face frontal view to show absence of basolateral marking on clypeus, Fig. 168: L. tregualemensis holotype forewing to show both recurrent veins entering second submarginal cell (blue arrows). Scale bars Figs. 165 &amp; 167 0.5mm, Figs. 166 &amp; 168 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3345525/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">168</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="29F9D3EFFFF23B687479FF6FC3BEFF12" box="[379,481,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 181184" captionStartId="72.[151,264,1216,1241]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1196]" captionTargetId="figure@72.[151,1435,181,1196]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 181184. 181: L. tregualemensis frontal area of head frontal view to show sparse sculpture, 182: L. tregualemensis forewing to show relatively short separation of first recurrent vein and first submarginal crossvein (red line), 183: L. centralis frontal area of head frontal view to show dense punctation, 184: L. centralis forewing to show relatively long separation of first recurrent vein and first submarginal crossvein (red line). Scale bars 0.5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3345533/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">181182</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9D89CE1FFF23B6B7595FEA7C719FEF6" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFF23B687595FEA7C33CFE46" blockId="49.[151,1437,297,2015]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B687595FEA7C34BFEAD" bold="true" box="[151,276,297,324]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
The combination of two submarginal cells (
<figureCitation id="29F9D3EFFFF23B687609FEA7C136FEAA" box="[779,873,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURES 109111" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1564,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1545]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1435,309,1545]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 109111. Liphanthus tregualemensis sp. nov., holotype female: 109: dorsal habitus, 110: face in frontal view, note the strongly convex vertex, 111: forewing to show two submarginal cells. Scale bars Figs. 109 &amp; 111 1mm, Fig. 110 0.5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3345493/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 111</figureCitation>
) and vertex strongly convex is diagnostic for this species. Other species with two marginal cells have the vertex gently and evenly curved (
<figureCitation id="29F9D3EFFFF23B687188FEC3C682FE8E" box="[1162,1245,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 1619" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1673,1698]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,201,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,201,1654]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 1619. Liphanthus jenamro sp. nov., female allotype. 16: lateral habitus, 17: face frontal view, 18: apex of tibia to show curved metatibial spurs, 19: ESEM of metatibial spurs. Scale bars Figs. 1617 1mm, Fig. 18 0.25mm, Fig. 19 100μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3345455/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
, 27 &amp; 59).
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFF23B687062FEC3C3CDFE62" authorityName="Sharifi &amp; Graham &amp; Packer" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Liphanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tregualemensis">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B687062FEC3C3CDFE62" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Liphanthus tregualemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has the most sparsely punctured frontal area (
<figureCitation id="29F9D3EFFFF23B6876CAFEFFC67AFE62" box="[968,1061,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 109111" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1564,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1545]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1435,309,1545]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 109111. Liphanthus tregualemensis sp. nov., holotype female: 109: dorsal habitus, 110: face in frontal view, note the strongly convex vertex, 111: forewing to show two submarginal cells. Scale bars Figs. 109 &amp; 111 1mm, Fig. 110 0.5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3345493/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 111</figureCitation>
) of any of its congeners with two submarginal cells.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFF23B6875C5FE37C0DCFE1E" blockId="49.[151,1437,297,2015]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B6875C5FE37C068FE3D" bold="true" box="[199,567,441,468]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Description:
<typeStatus id="6E7971C8FFF23B687460FE34C390FE3D" box="[354,463,442,468]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
Female:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B68773DFE34C093FE3A" box="[575,716,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dimensions:</emphasis>
Approximate body length:
<quantity id="763A628FFFF23B687100FE37C63CFE3A" box="[1026,1123,441,467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.04" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="4.04">4.04mm</quantity>
; head width:
<quantity id="763A628FFFF23B6871FBFE37C707FE3D" box="[1273,1368,441,468]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="1.15">1.15mm</quantity>
, wing length:
<quantity id="763A628FFFF23B6875EEFE53C362FE1E" box="[236,317,477,503]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8mm</quantity>
, intertegular width:
<quantity id="763A628FFFF23B68771DFE53C020FE1E" box="[543,639,477,503]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.68">0.68mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFF23B6875C5FD8FC307FD8A" blockId="49.[151,1437,297,2015]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B6875C5FD8FC314FDF2" box="[199,331,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Coloration:</emphasis>
Brown except yellow as follows: pronotal lobe, small spot on extreme base of pro- and mesotibiae. Ventral surface of F4F11 apex of F3 and spots on F1 and F2 yellow-brown. Apical impressed areas of metasomal terga translucent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFF23B6875C5FDE3C1C5FBFA" blockId="49.[151,1437,297,2015]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B6875C5FDE3C365FD6E" box="[199,314,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sculpture:</emphasis>
Face devoid of miscrosculpture except supra-antennal depressions and and vertexal area weakly imbricate shiny; geneal and hypostomal areas weakly imbricate, shiny; yellow portion weakly imbricate, shiny; clypeus and lower paraocular area punctures variable in size, mostly large, shallow, irregularly spaced, mostly i&lt;d; epistomal lobe impunctate; subantennal, supraclypeal, upper paraocular, frontal, vertexal, genal and hypostomal areas with shallow, sparse, scattered punctures.
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFF23B6877BEFD70C16AFCF1" box="[700,821,766,792]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="49" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mesosoma</taxonomicName>
weakly imbricate, shiny; mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum punctures shallow, obscure, irregularly spaced, i=1-5d; metapostnotum impunctate medially, weakly and irregularly punctate laterally; hypoepimeral area densely punctate above, i&lt;d, irregularly below, i=0.52d; rest of mesopleuron sparsely punctate, i&gt;2d; [both metapleural hidden by legs on sole specimen], sides of propodeum punctures minute, sparse i&gt;3d. Metasomal terga shiny; T1T2 almost lacking microsculpture, T3T5 very weakly imbricate; T1 with minute scattered punctures; T2T4 distinctly punctate, irregularly spaced, i=0.52d, sparser posteriorly; T5 punctures dense, i~d; apical impressed areas weakly imbricate, shiny; metasomal sterna weakly imbricate, shiny; punctures small, distinct irregularly spaced i=14d.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFF23B6875C5FB93C73CFB96" blockId="49.[151,1437,297,2015]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B6875C5FB93C30BFBDE" box="[199,340,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pubescence:</emphasis>
Generally white, sparse with short branches, &lt;2
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFF23B68766CFB93C1ECFBDE" box="[878,947,1053,1079]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" name="University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biology" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="University or college">MOD</collectionCode>
, shorter on mesoscutum and metasoma dorsally; longer on sides of metasoma ~2
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFF23B687738FBCFC0DFFBB2" box="[570,640,1089,1115]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" name="University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biology" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="University or college">MOD</collectionCode>
; prepygidial fimbria pale brown, branched, long hairs ~2
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFF23B6871F5FBCFC762FBB2" box="[1271,1341,1089,1115]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" name="University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biology" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="University or college">MOD</collectionCode>
. Denser, branched; &lt;1
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFF23B68743AFBEBC326FB96" box="[312,377,1125,1151]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" name="University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biology" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="University or college">MOD</collectionCode>
on lateral areas of metapostnotum. Tibial scopal hairs apically oriented, long, ~2.2
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFF23B687018FBEBC700FB96" box="[1306,1375,1125,1151]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" name="University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biology" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="University or college">MOD</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFF23B6875C5FB04C603FA01" blockId="49.[151,1437,297,2015]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B6875C5FB04C324FB4A" box="[199,379,1161,1188]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Structure: Head</emphasis>
: shorter than wide (67:74). Mandible length to basal depth (47:16); gradually narrowing to narrowly rounded apex. Labrum rectangular ~ 1.5 X as broad as long (34:21). Clypeus ~ 1.7 X as wide as long (58:35); apicolateral margin concave in frontal view, straight apicomedially. Outer subantennal suture weakly curved; epistomal lobe swollen; epistomal suture strongly curved below anterior tentorial pit, straight between inner subantennal sutures. Anterior tentorial pit at junction of outer subantennal and epistomal sutures. Frontal line distinct but weak. IAD~=
<collectingRegion id="73060188FFF23B6875E4FAB3C37BFABE" box="[230,292,1341,1367]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">AOD</collectingRegion>
(15:16). Inner margin of compound eyes convergent below, UOD:LOD 74:65. Facial fovea weakly impressed, oval, length to width 16:5, subparallel to inner margin of compound eye.
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFF23B687162FAEFC6CFFA92" box="[1120,1168,1377,1403]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5rz8-qnyy" name="Colecao de Culturas de Fungos do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">IOC</collectionCode>
slightly less than
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFF23B687063FAEFC7C3FA92" box="[1377,1436,1377,1403]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">OOC</collectionCode>
20:22; vertex strongly convex.). Scape 2.5 X as long as greatest width (25:10), shorter than pedicel and F1 combined (19); pedicel length and width subequal (10:9), F1 longer than wide (10:7), F2 shorter than wide, (6:9), remaining flagellomeres slightly longer than wide except F11 ~ 1.1 X as long as width (14:12.5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFF23B6875C5FA7CC6C8F9BA" blockId="49.[151,1437,297,2015]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFF23B6875C5FA7CC3BFF9E5" authority=": Mesoscutum" authorityName="Mesoscutum" box="[199,480,1522,1548]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B6875C5FA7CC360F9E2" box="[199,319,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Mesosoma</emphasis>
: Mesoscutum
</taxonomicName>
~1.3 X as wide as long (45:35), length of scutellum: metanotum: metapostnotum: 23:15:13. Marginal cell&gt;0.9 X as long as distance between its apex to wing tip (61:65). Hind tibial spurs approximately straight, posterior spur longer than anterior. Tarsal claws with sharp triangular teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFF23B6875C5F9D0C305F972" blockId="49.[151,1437,297,2015]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B6875C5F9D0C363F99E" box="[199,316,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Metasoma</emphasis>
: Broadest before midlength of T3. Apical impressed areas short, ~1.1
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFF23B68713AF9D3C6DFF99E" box="[1080,1152,1629,1655]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" name="University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biology" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="University or college">MOD</collectionCode>
. Pygidial plate not visible in sole specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFF23B6875C5F92BC1C7F90D" blockId="49.[151,1437,297,2015]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B6875C5F92BC3CCF929" bold="true" box="[199,403,1701,1728]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Material Studied</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="01AAC537FFF23B6874A0F92BC1C7F90D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2285838304" collectingDate="1953-12" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="L. E. Pena. To" country="Chile" location="Region" municipality="Tregualemu" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="6E7971C8FFF23B6874A0F92BC055F956" box="[418,522,1701,1727]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female:
<collectingCountry id="C9D58FFAFFF23B68776DF92BC09BF956" box="[623,708,1701,1727]" name="Chile" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CHILE</collectingCountry>
, {
<location id="B41D99B1FFF23B6877DAF92BC170F956" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:396B7E7CFFF23B6B7595FF17C719FEF6:B41D99B1FFF23B6877DAF92BC170F956" box="[728,815,1701,1727]" country="Chile" municipality="Tregualemu" name="Region" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Region</location>
VII},
<collectingMunicipality id="51195510FFF23B68767BF92BC65DF956" box="[889,1026,1701,1727]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Tregualemu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="C57CE9AAFFF23B68710CF92BC632F929" box="[1038,1133,1701,1728]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1953-12">
<collectingDate id="D5381042FFF23B68710CF92BC632F929" box="[1038,1133,1701,1728]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1953-12">xii.1953</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="1C37AABCFFF23B687178F928C74BF929" box="[1146,1300,1702,1728]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">L.E. Peña. To</collectorName>
be returned to the
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFF23B6875DEF944C36DF90D" box="[220,306,1738,1764]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">AMNH</collectionCode>
pending completion of ongoing studies of
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFF23B687611F947C1CEF90A" authorityName="Sharifi &amp; Graham &amp; Packer" authorityYear="2019" box="[787,913,1737,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Liphanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B687611F947C1CEF90A" box="[787,913,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Liphanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFF23B6875C5F960C1A7F8E1" blockId="49.[151,1437,297,2015]" box="[199,1016,1773,1800]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B6875C5F960C311F8E1" bold="true" box="[199,334,1774,1800]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after the
<typeStatus id="6E7971C8FFF23B6877ACF960C081F8E1" box="[686,734,1774,1800]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
locality (see comments).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFF23B6875C5F89FC721F89A" blockId="49.[151,1437,297,2015]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B6875C5F89FC319F8C5" bold="true" box="[199,326,1809,1836]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Comments</emphasis>
. Based upon the strongly convex vertex in frontal view and the inner margins of the compound eyes divergent dorsally, this species is probably a member of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFF23B687696F8BBC736F8B9" authority="Ruz and Toro" authorityName="Ruz and Toro" authorityYear="1983" box="[916,1385,1845,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Liphanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Leptophanthus">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B687696F8BBC650F8A6" box="[916,1039,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Liphanthus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B687122F8BBC69CF8A6" box="[1056,1219,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Leptophanthus</emphasis>
) Ruz and Toro
</taxonomicName>
, and we formally place it there based upon its morphological characteristics other than the number of submarginal cells.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFF23B6875C5F8F3C0AFF836" blockId="49.[151,1437,297,2015]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
The
<typeStatus id="6E7971C8FFF23B6875F8F8F0C375F871" box="[250,298,1918,1944]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
locality is, or is close to, one of the few remaining areas of natural southern coastal forest remaining in
<collectingCountry id="C9D58FFAFFF23B6875B1F82FC2ADF852" box="[179,242,1953,1979]" name="Chile" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Chile</collectingCountry>
, home to some endangered species (
<bibRefCitation id="D553B29BFFF23B687786F82FC105F852" author="Lander, T. A. &amp; Harris, S. A. &amp; Boshier, D. H." box="[644,858,1953,1980]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="403 - 412" refId="ref43970" refString="Lander, T. A., Harris, S. A. &amp; Boshier, D. H. (2009) Flower and fruit production and insect pollination of the endangered Chilean tree, Gomortega keule in native forest, exotic pine plantations and agricultural environments. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 82, 403 - 412." type="journal article" year="2009">Lander et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Other interesting bees have been found in this area (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFF23B6875D2F84BC0BAF836" authority="Packer and Genaro, 2007" authorityName="Packer and Genaro" authorityYear="2007" box="[208,741,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Chilicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tregualemu">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF23B6875D2F84BC3E2F836" box="[208,445,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Chilicola tregualemu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D553B29BFFF23B6874C7F84BC0BAF836" author="Packer, L. &amp; Genaro, J." box="[453,741,1989,2015]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref44216" refString="Packer, L. &amp; Genaro, J. (2007) Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Zootaxa, 1468, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="2007">Packer and Genaro, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFF13B6B75C5FF17C719FEF6" blockId="50.[151,1437,153,287]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
The species with 3 submarginal cells that this species is most similar to is
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF13B6B7105FF14C641FF5A" box="[1031,1054,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF13B6B712CFF17C683FF5A" box="[1070,1244,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Leptophanthus.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFF13B6B71EEFF17C315FF3E" authority="Ruz and Toro. Assuming" authorityName="Ruz and Toro. Assuming" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Liphanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF13B6B71EEFF17C767FF5A" box="[1260,1336,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">nitidus</emphasis>
Ruz and Toro. Assuming
</taxonomicName>
it were to have 3 submarginal cells it keys out to this species using
<bibRefCitation id="D553B29BFFF13B6B7138FF33C779FF3E" author="Ruz, L. &amp; Toro, H." box="[1082,1318,189,215]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="235 - 299" refId="ref44762" refString="Ruz, L. &amp; Toro, H. (1983) Revision of the bee genus Liphanthus (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 52, 235 - 299." type="journal article" year="1983">Ruz and Toro (1983)</bibRefCitation>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFF13B6B7595FF6CC301FF12" authorityName="Sharifi &amp; Graham &amp; Packer" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,350,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Liphanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tregualemensis">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF13B6B7595FF6CC301FF12" box="[151,350,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">L. tregualemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is smaller, has a much more convex vertex in frontal view and it has the punctures of T1 and T2 small, shallow and, especially on T1, sparse, i&gt;2d; whereas
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFF13B6B7634FE88C1FFFEF6" box="[822,928,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Liphanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
<emphasis id="83B61378FFF13B6B7634FE88C1FFFEF6" box="[822,928,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">L. nitidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has these larger, deep and dense, i~d.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>