324 lines
42 KiB
XML
324 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9E6948D0AA5BFE073DD67D96DB469323">Revision of the Patagonian stiletto fly genus Pachyrrhiza Philippi (Therevidae Agapophytinae)</mods:title>
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Philippi
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<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF7FF1A495BF83F91EF2FD4" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[285,485,1933,1957]" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref10827" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich- Koniglichen Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295" type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi, 1865: 703</bibRefCitation>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="6265B775FFF7FF1A4A46F83F92B12FD4" author="Bigot, J. M. F." box="[512,699,1933,1957]" page="323" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" year="1890">
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<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF7FF1A4A46F83F92B12FD4" author="Bigot, J. M. F." box="[512,699,1933,1957]" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" pagination="321 - 328" refId="ref10076" refString="Bigot, J. M. F. (1890) Dipteres nouveaux ou peu connus. XLIV. Therevidi. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Series 6, 9, 321 - 328. [1889]" type="journal article" year="1890">Bigot (1890: 323)</bibRefCitation>
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[misspelled as
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<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF7FF1A4B27F83F93D82FD4" box="[865,978,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="275">Pachyrriza</emphasis>
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; key];
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<treatmentCitation id="6265B775FFF7FF1A4C59F83F950A2FD4" author="Williston, S. W." box="[1055,1280,1933,1957]" page="207" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" year="1908">
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<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF7FF1A4C59F83F950A2FD4" author="Williston, S. W." box="[1055,1280,1933,1957]" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" refId="ref11088" refString="Williston, S. W. (1908) Manual of North American Diptera. 3 rd Edition. J. T. Hathaway, New Haven, Connecticut, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20989" type="book" year="1908">Williston (1908: 207)</bibRefCitation>
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[misspelled as
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<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF7FF1A4881F81E91302FB5" box="[199,314,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="275">Pachyrhiza</emphasis>
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];
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<treatmentCitation id="6265B775FFF7FF1A4909F81E92132FB5" author="Kertesz, K." box="[335,537,1964,1988]" page="167" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" year="1909">
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<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF7FF1A4909F81E92132FB5" author="Kertesz, K." box="[335,537,1964,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" refId="ref10470" refString="Kertesz, K. (1909) Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Volumen V. Bombyliidae, Therevidae, Omphralidae. Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapestini [Budapest], 199 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5145" type="book" year="1909">Kertész (1909: 167)</bibRefCitation>
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[synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF7FF1A4AE3F81E93522FB2" ID-CoL="38B7" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1844" box="[677,856,1964,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Baryphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF7FF1A4AE3F81E93192FB5" box="[677,787,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="275">Baryphora</emphasis>
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Loew
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</taxonomicName>
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];
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<treatmentCitation id="6265B775FFF7FF1A4B2EF81E94272FB5" author="Krober, O." box="[872,1069,1964,1988]" page="489" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" year="1911">
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<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF7FF1A4B2EF81E94272FB5" author="Krober, O." box="[872,1069,1964,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" pagination="475 - 529" refId="ref10517" refString="Krober, O. (1911) Die Thereviden Sud- und Mittelamerikas. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 9, 475 - 529." type="journal article" year="1911">Kröber (1911: 489)</bibRefCitation>
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, (1913: 24) [synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF7FF1A4D6BF81E91282F93" ID-CoL="4457" authority="Rondani" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Dialineura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF7FF1A4D6BF81E95962FB5" box="[1325,1436,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="275">Dialineura</emphasis>
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Rondani
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</taxonomicName>
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], (1924: 7) [synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF7FF1A4A5DF87892B12F93" ID-CoL="63TF3" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1852" box="[539,699,1994,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Tabuda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF7FF1A4A5DF878926C2F93" box="[539,614,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="275">Tabuda</emphasis>
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Walker
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</taxonomicName>
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];
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<treatmentCitation id="6265B775FFF7FF1A4A8CF87893902F93" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[714,922,1994,2018]" page="238" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" year="1932">
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<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF7FF1A4A8CF87893902F93" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[714,922,1994,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" pagination="199 - 257" refId="ref10704" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1932) Rhagionidae, Therevidae. In: British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Entomology (Eds.), Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part V. Fascicle 3. - Rhagionidae (Leptidae), Therevidae, Scenopinidae, Mydaidae, Asilidae, Lonchopteridae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, pp. 199 - 257." type="book chapter" year="1932">Malloch (1932: 238)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[key];
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<treatmentCitation id="6265B775FFF7FF1A4BA5F87894BD2F93" author="Oldroyd, H." box="[995,1207,1994,2018]" page="382" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" year="1968">
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<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF7FF1A4BA5F87894BD2F93" author="Oldroyd, H." box="[995,1207,1994,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" pagination="377 - 385" refId="ref10791" refString="Oldroyd, H. (1968) New Therevidae from Argentina. Journal of Natural History, 2 (3), 377 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936800770371" type="journal article" year="1968">Oldroyd (1968: 382)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="6265B775FFF7FF1A4C86F878959D2F93" author="Winterton, S. L." box="[1216,1431,1994,2018]" page="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF7FF1A4C86F878959D2F93" author="Winterton, S. L." box="[1216,1431,1994,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="275" pagination="17 - 25" refId="ref11135" refString="Winterton, S. L. (2006) New species of Eupsilocephala Krober from Australia (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa, 1372 (1), 17 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1372.1.2" type="journal article" year="2006">Winterton (2006: 18)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF6FF1B4881FF2591F828DE" author="Gaimari, S. D. & Webb, D. W." box="[199,498,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" refId="ref10181" refString="Gaimari, S. D. & Webb, D. W. (2009) Chapter 46. Therevidae (stiletto flies). In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Wood, D. M., Woodley, N. E. & Zumbado, M. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 1. National Research Council Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 643 - 647." type="book" year="2009">Gaimari & Webb (2009: 639)</bibRefCitation>
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[key];
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<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF6FF1B4A7CFF25932B28DF" author="Webb, D. W. & Gaimari, S. D. & Hauser, M. & Holston, K. C. & Metz, M. A. & Irwin, M. E. & Kampmeier, G. E. & Algmin, K." box="[570,801,150,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref10995" refString="Webb, D. W., Gaimari, S. D., Hauser, M., Holston, K. C., Metz, M. A., Irwin, M. E., Kampmeier, G. E. & Algmin, K. (2013) An annotated catalogue of the New World Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera: Asiloidea). Zootaxa, 3600 (1), 1 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3600.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Webb
|
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<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4A3DFF2592A528DE" box="[635,687,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">et al.</emphasis>
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(2013: 15)
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF6FF1B4B6DFF25941D28DE" author="Winterton, S. L. & Hardy, N. B. & Gaimari, S. D. & Hauser, M. & Hill, H. N. & Holston, K. C. & Irwin, M. E. & Lambkin, C. L. & Metz, M. A. & Turco, F. & Webb, D. & Yang, L. & Yeates, D. K. & Wiegmann, B. M." box="[811,1047,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" pagination="144 - 161" refId="ref11420" refString="Winterton, S. L., Hardy, N. B., Gaimari, S. D., Hauser, M., Hill, H. N., Holston, K. C., Irwin, M. E., Lambkin, C. L., Metz, M. A., Turco, F., Webb, D., Yang, L., Yeates, D. K. & Wiegmann, B. M. (2016) The phylogeny of stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae). Systematic Entomology, 41, 144 - 161. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12147" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
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Winterton
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||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4BD1FF2593C128DE" box="[919,971,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">et al.</emphasis>
|
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(2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Irwin & Winterton (2020: 276).
|
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B48D1FF07912928BC" box="[151,291,181,205]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B48D1FF07911428BC" bold="true" box="[151,286,181,205]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
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<typeStatus id="3C7F2FC6FFF6FF1B48D1FF0790C628BC" box="[151,204,181,205]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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.
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||
</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B496CFF0792ED28BC" ID-CoL="75HRF" authority="Philippi, 1865: 704" authorityName="Philippi" authorityPageNumber="704" authorityYear="1865" box="[298,743,181,205]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Pachyrrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipennis">
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<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B496CFF07921628BC" box="[298,540,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Pachyrrhiza pictipennis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF6FF1B4A64FF0792ED28BC" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[546,743,181,205]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref10827" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich- Koniglichen Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295" type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi, 1865: 704</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by monotypy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ABDEC2EFFFF6FF1B48D1FF4990FA29BB" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="E37B9164FFF6FF1B48D1FF4990FA29BB" blockId="3.[151,1437,251,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B48D1FF4991002964" bold="true" box="[151,266,251,277]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Male frons narrower than anterior ocellus at narrowest point; male occiput concave with single row of postocular macrosetae; both sexes with scape bulbous, longer than flagellum, with numerous large, erect macrosetae; flagellum turbinate; parafacial setae present as small patch of dark setae ventrally; femora all subequal in length, lacking velutum patches, hind femur with one or more anteroventral macrosetae; scutellum with two pairs of macrosetae; wing cell
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B49C8FE3E91A129DD" box="[398,427,396,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
|
||
m
|
||
<subScript id="7F409321FFF6FF1B49E5FE2C91A129DD" attach="left" box="[419,427,414,428]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
open; male gonocoxites lacking velutum or medial atrium; female with three spermathecae present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ABDEC2EFFFF6FF1B4881FE6193E32D3F" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E37B9164FFF6FF1B4881FE6191DE2D74" blockId="3.[151,1437,251,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4881FE61915B299C" bold="true" box="[199,337,467,493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Head relatively broad, slightly wider than thorax, and much wider than high in anterior view; male frons narrower than anterior ocellus at narrowest point, slightly produced anteriorly, female frons flat; occiput concave (male), or convex (female); male with single row of postocular macrosetae dorsally, female with multiple rows; parafacial setae present only as small patch of dark setae adjacent to gena (absent in female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B4C90FDF2957E2A28" authority="Irwin & Winterton, 2021" authorityName="Irwin & Winterton" authorityYear="2021" box="[1238,1396,575,601]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Pachyrrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentoides" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4C90FDF2957E2A28" box="[1238,1396,575,601]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">P. argentoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4D3DFDF290A42A0F" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CA83F00DFFF6FF1B4D3DFDF290A42A0F" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); genal setae white; palpus narrow apically; antenna length equal to, or longer than head length; scape bulbous, thicker than pedicel and flagellum, with numerous stout, erect macrosetae; flagellum shape turbinate, abruptly tapered. Thorax with scutum covered with erect filiform setae, often of variable length, denser anteriorly and longer in male; central depression of prosternum usually with setal pile, sometimes absent; pleuron dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence; metanepisternum with postspiracular setae absent; scutellum shape rounded in profile; fore- and hind femoral velutum patches absent; femora all subequal in length; hind femur with 1–6 (rarely more) anteroventral (av) setae, either subapically (1–2) or along entire length as series (3–6 or more); posterior surface of midcoxa with or without setae; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs of macrosetae) notopleural, 3–5; supra alar, 1; post alar, 1; dorsocentral, 4–5, scutellar, 2; wing hyaline to extensively infuscate, mottled and fenestrate; wing cell
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4D40FC3695282BD5" box="[1286,1314,900,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
|
||
m
|
||
<subScript id="7F409321FFF6FF1B4D5CFC2495282BD5" attach="left" box="[1306,1314,918,932]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
open; vein R
|
||
<subScript id="7F409321FFF6FF1B48ECFC0890C92BB9" attach="left" box="[170,195,954,968]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">2+3</subScript>
|
||
shape smoothly sigmoid curved to wing margin. Abdomen acutely tapered; tergite 2 with a concentrated patch of shortened setae posteromedially or all setae uniform and regular in length; male frequently with extensive silver velutinous pubescence. Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7BFF8DE1FFF6FF1B4A0BFC5D92DA2C7B" box="[589,720,1007,1034]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[237,1337,181,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[237,1349,181,1806]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 32. Pachyrrhiza pictipennis Philippi, 1865, male genitalia. A. epandrium; B. gonocoxites, ventral view; C. same, lateral view; D. aedeagus, lateral view; E. same, dorsal view. Female genitalia. F. Furca and internal genitalic structures. Scale line: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: ag, accessory gland; d, distiphallus; da, dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; f, furca; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gs, gonostylus; hy, hypandrium; igp, inner gonocoxal process; lea, lateral ejaculatory apodeme; s, spermatheca; sd, spermathecal duct; ss, spermathecal sac; ssd, spermathecal sac duct; va, ventral apodeme of parameral sheath; vl, ventral lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4807567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4807567/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Fig. 32A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
) with gonocoxite with outer gonocoxal process present; velutum patch absent, posteromedial margins proximal so that medial atrium is absent; inner gonocoxal process present and articulated; hypandrium triangular; ventral lobe elongate and rounded apically; aedeagus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath subtriangular, distiphallus straight, relatively short, narrow distally (rarely wide); lateral ejaculatory apodeme relatively large and elongate. Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7BFF8DE1FFF6FF1B4B16FBCD93B82CEB" box="[848,946,1151,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[237,1337,181,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[237,1349,181,1806]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 32. Pachyrrhiza pictipennis Philippi, 1865, male genitalia. A. epandrium; B. gonocoxites, ventral view; C. same, lateral view; D. aedeagus, lateral view; E. same, dorsal view. Female genitalia. F. Furca and internal genitalic structures. Scale line: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: ag, accessory gland; d, distiphallus; da, dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; f, furca; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gs, gonostylus; hy, hypandrium; igp, inner gonocoxal process; lea, lateral ejaculatory apodeme; s, spermatheca; sd, spermathecal duct; ss, spermathecal sac; ssd, spermathecal sac duct; va, ventral apodeme of parameral sheath; vl, ventral lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4807567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4807567/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Fig. 32F</figureCitation>
|
||
) with furca relatively large and sclerotised; three spermathecae, ducts joining to spermathecal sac duct near furca; spermathecal sac round, relatively small; female acanthophorite macrosetae with two sets present (A1 & A2); A1 enlarged, female sternite 8 posterior margin emarginate posteromedially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E37B9164FFF6FF1B4881FAA293E32D3F" blockId="3.[151,1437,251,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4881FAA291812D58" bold="true" box="[199,395,1295,1322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Included species</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B49DCFABD93752D5B" authority="Oldroyd, 1968: 383" authorityName="Oldroyd" authorityPageNumber="383" authorityYear="1968" box="[410,895,1295,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Pachyrrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B49DCFABD929D2D58" box="[410,663,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Pachyrrhiza argentata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF6FF1B4AD9FABD93752D5B" author="Oldroyd, H." box="[671,895,1295,1322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" pagination="377 - 385" refId="ref10791" refString="Oldroyd, H. (1968) New Therevidae from Argentina. Journal of Natural History, 2 (3), 377 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936800770371" type="journal article" year="1968">Oldroyd, 1968: 383</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B4BCDFAA2944A2D58" authority="Irwin & Winterton, 2021" authorityName="Irwin & Winterton" authorityYear="2021" box="[907,1088,1295,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Pachyrrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentatoides" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4BCDFAA2944A2D58" box="[907,1088,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">P. argentatoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4C0EFAA294822D5B" bold="true" box="[1096,1160,1296,1322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CA83F00DFFF6FF1B4C0EFAA294822D5B" box="[1096,1160,1296,1322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B4CD1FAA295472D58" authority="Irwin & Winterton, 2021" authorityName="Irwin & Winterton" authorityYear="2021" box="[1175,1357,1295,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Pachyrrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantissima" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4CD1FAA295472D58" box="[1175,1357,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">P. elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4D13FAA2959F2D5B" bold="true" box="[1365,1429,1296,1322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CA83F00DFFF6FF1B4D13FAA2959F2D5B" box="[1365,1429,1296,1322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B48D1FA86914C2D3C" authority="Irwin & Winterton, 2021" authorityName="Irwin & Winterton" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,326,1332,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Pachyrrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parargentata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B48D1FA86914C2D3C" box="[151,326,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">P. parargentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B490AFA8691862D3F" bold="true" box="[332,396,1332,1358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CA83F00DFFF6FF1B490AFA8691862D3F" box="[332,396,1332,1358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B49DCFA8692D32D3F" authority="Philippi, 1865" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1865" box="[410,729,1331,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Pachyrrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B49DCFA86923B2D3C" box="[410,561,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">P. pictipennis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF6FF1B4A7EFA8192D32D3F" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[568,729,1331,1358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref10827" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich- Koniglichen Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295" type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B4AA3FA8693A92D3C" authority="Irwin & Winterton, 2021" authorityName="Irwin & Winterton" authorityYear="2021" box="[741,931,1331,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Pachyrrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpictipennis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4AA3FA8693A92D3C" box="[741,931,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">P. subpictipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4BEFFA8693E32D3F" bold="true" box="[937,1001,1332,1358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CA83F00DFFF6FF1B4BEFFA8693E32D3F" box="[937,1001,1332,1358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ABDEC2EFFFF6FF1B4881FAE591C02F8B" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E37B9164FFF6FF1B4881FAE591042EA8" blockId="3.[151,1437,251,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4881FAE591422D00" bold="true" box="[199,328,1367,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
. Compared to other South American therevid genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B4BE5FAE594272D00" box="[931,1069,1367,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Pachyrrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4BE5FAE594272D00" box="[931,1069,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Pachyrrhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a surprisingly limited distribution throughout central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9BD3D1F4FFF6FF1B49FDFAC991F22DE4" box="[443,504,1403,1429]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
and adjacent Argentinian provinces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7BFF8DE1FFF6FF1B4BDFFAC993E62DE7" box="[921,1004,1403,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1983,2007]" captionTargetId="figure-23@30.[383,1205,181,1959]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 35. Distribution of Pachyrrhiza species in Chile and Argentina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4925206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4925206/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
). South American agapophytine therevids are almost completely restricted to the southern and western Patagonian Region, which may reflect their close phylogenetic connection to Australasian genera where the greatest diversity and species-richness is found in semiarid, subtropical to temperate regions, especially in Mediterranean-type climates.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B4C64FA5594A62E70" box="[1058,1196,1511,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Pachyrrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4C64FA5594A62E70" box="[1058,1196,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Pachyrrhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similarly restricted to semi-arid to Mediterranean habitats in the western Patagonian region. South American genera in subfamilies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B48D1F99D911F2E38" box="[151,277,1583,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Therevinae">Therevinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B490AF99D91C62E38" authorityName="Lyneborg" authorityYear="1976" box="[332,460,1583,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phycusinae">Phycusinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have much wider distributions throughout South America northwards into Central and North America.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B490DF9E192422E1C" box="[331,584,1619,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Pachyrrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B490DF9E192422E1C" box="[331,584,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Pachyrrhiza argentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B4A3BF9E693192E1C" box="[637,787,1620,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Pachyrrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4A3BF9E693192E1C" box="[637,787,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">P. pictipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the most commonly encountered species of the genus, although their respective distributions are relatively limited and apparently overlap very little. The remaining four species are found in similar habitats and are more locally distributed in the same region of central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9BD3D1F4FFF6FF1B4C92F929951B2EC4" box="[1236,1297,1691,1717]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
and western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9BD3D1F4FFF6FF1B48D1F90D91002EA8" box="[151,266,1727,1753]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E37B9164FFF6FF1B4881F95191C02F8B" blockId="3.[151,1437,251,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B4881F951915B2E8C" box="[199,337,1763,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Pachyrrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4881F951915B2E8C" box="[199,337,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Pachyrrhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a distinctive genus recognisable by the enlarged and bulbous antennal scape, narrow male frons, two pairs of scutellar macrosetae, parafacial with small patch of dark setae (absent in female of some species), single row of postocular macrosetae in the male and at least one large anteroventral macroseta on the hind femur. It is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B493DF8FD92D22F18" authority="Irwin & Winterton" authorityName="Irwin & Winterton. Here" authorityYear="2020" box="[379,728,1871,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Sigalopella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B493DF8FD91F12F18" box="[379,507,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Sigalopella</emphasis>
|
||
Irwin & Winterton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and these genera along with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B4C6FF8E294772F18" authorityName="Oldroyd" authorityYear="1968" box="[1065,1149,1872,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Entesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4C6FF8E294772F18" box="[1065,1149,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Entesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B4CF3F8FD95572F18" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1932" box="[1205,1373,1871,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Melanothereva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4CF3F8FD95572F18" box="[1205,1373,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Melanothereva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form a monophyletic group (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B4996F8C6922E2FFC" authorityName="Oldroyd" authorityYear="1968" box="[464,548,1908,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Entesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4996F8C6922E2FFC" box="[464,548,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Entesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus group,
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4A82F8C693082FFC" box="[708,770,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF6FF1B4B4FF8C193F12FFF" author="Winterton, S. L. & Hardy, N. B. & Gaimari, S. D. & Hauser, M. & Hill, H. N. & Holston, K. C. & Irwin, M. E. & Lambkin, C. L. & Metz, M. A. & Turco, F. & Webb, D. & Yang, L. & Yeates, D. K. & Wiegmann, B. M." box="[777,1019,1907,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" pagination="144 - 161" refId="ref11420" refString="Winterton, S. L., Hardy, N. B., Gaimari, S. D., Hauser, M., Hill, H. N., Holston, K. C., Irwin, M. E., Lambkin, C. L., Metz, M. A., Turco, F., Webb, D., Yang, L., Yeates, D. K. & Wiegmann, B. M. (2016) The phylogeny of stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae). Systematic Entomology, 41, 144 - 161. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12147" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Winterton
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4BC7F8C693B92FFC" box="[897,947,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) sister to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B4CD2F8C695012FFC" authorityName="Krober" authorityYear="1912" box="[1172,1291,1908,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Taenogera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4CD2F8C695012FFC" box="[1172,1291,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Taenogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus group found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9BD3D1F4FFF6FF1B48B8F82591622FC0" box="[254,360,1943,1969]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9BD3D1F4FFF6FF1B4933F82A92062FC0" box="[373,524,1943,1970]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9BD3D1F4FFF6FF1B4A00F82A92FC2FC0" box="[582,758,1943,1970]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF6FF1B4B43F82594072FC0" author="Winterton, S. L. & Irwin, M. E. & Yeates, D. K." box="[773,1037,1943,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" pagination="274 - 290" refId="ref11349" refString="Winterton, S. L., Irwin, M. E. & Yeates, D. K. (1999 b) Phylogenetic revision of the Taenogera Krober genus-group (Diptera: Therevidae), with descriptions of two new genera. Australian Journal of Entomology, 38, 274 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 6055.1999.00126. x" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Winterton
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4BC7F82A93BE2FC0" box="[897,948,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8755EC95FFF6FF1B4C5FF825951B2FC0" author="Winterton, S. L. & Hardy, N. B. & Gaimari, S. D. & Hauser, M. & Hill, H. N. & Holston, K. C. & Irwin, M. E. & Lambkin, C. L. & Metz, M. A. & Turco, F. & Webb, D. & Yang, L. & Yeates, D. K. & Wiegmann, B. M." box="[1049,1297,1943,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" pagination="144 - 161" refId="ref11420" refString="Winterton, S. L., Hardy, N. B., Gaimari, S. D., Hauser, M., Hill, H. N., Holston, K. C., Irwin, M. E., Lambkin, C. L., Metz, M. A., Turco, F., Webb, D., Yang, L., Yeates, D. K. & Wiegmann, B. M. (2016) The phylogeny of stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae). Systematic Entomology, 41, 144 - 161. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12147" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Winterton
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4CD4F82A94CF2FC0" box="[1170,1221,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Irwin
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B4D24F82A959F2FC0" box="[1378,1429,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020). The key to genera of South American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B4AD1F80993482FA4" box="[663,834,1979,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Agapophytinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Agapophytinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Irwin & Winterton (2020) can be used to identify individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C4EAE7FFF6FF1B497FF86D91C92F88" box="[313,451,2015,2041]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Pachyrrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1B04D76FFF6FF1B497FF86D91C92F88" box="[313,451,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Pachyrrhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |