149 lines
18 KiB
XML
149 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="CDBF1A036D9D1AF78E1D5D6152A17ABA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5360.4.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10084656" ID-ZooBank="EA1BE6F9-88E2-4357-895E-8ED415206592" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1698932936510" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Boxshall, Geoffrey A. & Bernot, James P." docDate="2023" docId="03AFA377FFBAFFE6FF7A938FF033FC87" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5360.4.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5360 (4)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5360.4.5/52133" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Caligus curtus O. F. Muller 1785" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="556" masterDocId="FF96DB0FFFB1FFEDFFED9318F146FFDA" masterDocTitle="Resolving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems in the genus Caligus O. F. Müller, 1785 (Copepoda: Caligidae)" masterLastPageNumber="567" masterPageNumber="545" pageNumber="556" updateTime="1701687868325" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="078843E2CE15B7B4D436C0308A28B133">Resolving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems in the genus Caligus O. F. Müller, 1785 (Copepoda: Caligidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EFD8F90477B881F9EF0A1150ABFBA61F">Boxshall, Geoffrey A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DCEF429FA44A301AD470476D912F5FC9">Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3E41EFED3C827B3E4537773755866A65">Bernot, James P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="99D9FEF7214FBB4F003A4131D4BAC9CA">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 20560, USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="27D06BFDFC04ED3CF5D536201ABD3014">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="83B2DD172136B2D5916C097361DE1A90">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0E0110D0B6AA178E1917051E13200264">2023-10-30</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="F330D53557132DBCCE160B130F3BA8FA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5360.4.5</mods:identifier>
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<heading id="D0F1A50DFFBAFFE6FF7A938FF286FF6B" bold="true" box="[151,960,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFBAFFE6FF7A938FF286FF6B" bold="true" box="[151,960,151,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
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<subSubSection id="C31C41EAFFBAFFE6FF7A938FF325FF6B" box="[151,611,151,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB91261FFBAFFE6FF7A938FF325FF6B" blockId="11.[151,960,151,178]" box="[151,611,151,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFBAFFE6FF7A938FF36BFF6B" ID-CoL="PKJC" authority="Heegaard, 1943" authorityName="Heegaard" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,557,151,178]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raniceps">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFBAFFE6FF7A938FF024FF6B" bold="true" box="[151,354,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Caligus raniceps</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFBAFFE6FE84938FF36BFF6B" author="Heegaard, P." box="[361,557,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref14385" refString="Heegaard, P. (1943) Parasitic copepods mainly from tropical and Antarctic seas. Arkiv f ˆ r Zoologi, 34, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1943">Heegaard, 1943</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31C41EAFFBAFFE6FD86938FF286FF6B" box="[619,960,151,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB91261FFBAFFE6FD86938FF286FF6B" blockId="11.[151,960,151,178]" box="[619,960,151,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFBAFFE6FD86938FF286FF6B" ID-CoL="PKBF" authority="Muller, 1785" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1785" box="[619,960,151,178]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFBAFFE6FD86938FF25AFF6B" bold="true" box="[619,796,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Caligus curtus</emphasis>
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Müller, 1785
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C31C41EAFFBAFFE6FF7A93C7F033FC87" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB91261FFBAFFE6FF7A93C7F26FFD5C" blockId="11.[151,1437,223,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
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The description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFBAFFE6FE9C93C7F377FF23" authorityName="Heegaard" authorityYear="1943" box="[369,561,223,249]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raniceps">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFBAFFE6FE9C93C7F377FF23" box="[369,561,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Caligus raniceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was based on
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<specimenCount id="9D00D9E8FFBAFFE6FD3193C7F215FF23" box="[732,851,223,249]" count="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="male">three male</specimenCount>
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specimens stored in the collections of the Swedish Museum of Natural History (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFBAFFE6FE30921BF3D2FEC7" author="Heegaard, P." box="[477,660,259,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref14385" refString="Heegaard, P. (1943) Parasitic copepods mainly from tropical and Antarctic seas. Arkiv f ˆ r Zoologi, 34, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1943">Heegaard, 1943</bibRefCitation>
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). Heegaard’s paper states that these males were collected in the “
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<collectingRegion id="49C2DC83FFBAFFE6FA80921BF4DAFEC7" box="[1389,1436,259,285]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Bay</collectingRegion>
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of Bengal” by Captain Sundevalle and “host unknown” but it does not specify whether the specimens were taken from the plankton or from an unidentified fish. The description lacks detail but in the features that are mentioned or illustrated,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFBAFFE6FEFB9268F0D1FE53" authorityName="Heegaard" authorityYear="1943" box="[278,407,368,394]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raniceps">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFBAFFE6FEFB9268F0D1FE53" box="[278,407,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">C. raniceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appears identical to the male of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFBAFFE6FCE59268F229FE53" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1785" box="[776,879,368,394]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFBAFFE6FCE59268F229FE53" box="[776,879,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">C. curtus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as redescribed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFBAFFE6FBAC9277F459FE53" author="Parker, R. R. & Kabata, Z. & Margolis, L. & Dean, M. D." box="[1089,1311,367,393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="1923 - 1969" refId="ref15932" refString="Parker, R. R., Kabata, Z., Margolis, L. & Dean, M. D. (1968) A review and description of Caligus curtus Muller, 1785 (Caligidae: Copepoda), type species of its genus. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 25 (9), 1923 - 1969, figs. 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 68 - 172" type="journal article" year="1968">
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Parker
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFBAFFE6FB7F9268F58DFE53" box="[1170,1227,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">et al.</emphasis>
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(1968)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, as already commented by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFBAFFE6FEAB928BF091FE74" author="Pillai, N. K." box="[326,471,403,430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" refId="ref16165" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1985) Fauna of India. Parasitic copepods of marine fishes. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 900 pp." type="book" year="1985">Pillai (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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. The maxilliped of the male bears distinctive myxal processes opposing the tip of the subchela, one proximal to and one distal to the tip of the subchela when adducted. This configuration is the same in both species. In addition, leg 4 is 3-segmented and bears 3 distal margin spines, the innermost of which is more than twice as long as the other 2 spines and longer than the segment, the sternal furca has short divergent tines, and the body length (given as
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<quantity id="4CFEBF84FFBAFFE6FE7D913BF354FDE7" box="[400,530,547,574]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">9 to 12 mm</quantity>
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) is unusually large. With our current state of knowledge, the
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<typeStatus id="54BDACC3FFBAFFE6FB53913CF453FDE4" box="[1214,1301,548,574]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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males of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFBAFFE6FA6E913CF1B1FDBB" authorityName="Heegaard" authorityYear="1943" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raniceps">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFBAFFE6FA6E913CF1B1FDBB" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">C. raniceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are identifiable as
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFBAFFE6FE239150F373FDBB" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1785" box="[462,565,584,610]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFBAFFE6FE239150F373FDBB" box="[462,565,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">C. curtus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and we consider that
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFBAFFE6FCC6915FF5E5FDBB" authority="Heegaard, 1943" authorityName="Heegaard" authorityYear="1943" box="[811,1187,583,609]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raniceps">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFBAFFE6FCC6915FF2ACFDBB" box="[811,1002,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Caligus raniceps</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFBAFFE6FC1C915FF5E5FDBB" author="Heegaard, P." box="[1009,1187,583,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref14385" refString="Heegaard, P. (1943) Parasitic copepods mainly from tropical and Antarctic seas. Arkiv f ˆ r Zoologi, 34, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1943">Heegaard, 1943</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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should be treated as a junior subjective synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFBAFFE6FE0B9173F263FD5C" authority="Muller, 1785" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1785" box="[486,805,619,646]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFBAFFE6FE0B9173F3CCFD5F" box="[486,650,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Caligus curtus</emphasis>
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Müller, 1785
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB91261FFBAFFE6FF2A9197F033FC87" blockId="11.[151,1437,223,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFBAFFE6FF2A9197F028FD73" ID-CoL="PKBF" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1785" box="[199,366,655,681]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFBAFFE6FF2A9197F028FD73" box="[199,366,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Caligus curtus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is widely distributed in the northern Atlantic region (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFBAFFE6FC3B9197F5E9FD73" author="Parker, R. R. & Kabata, Z. & Margolis, L. & Dean, M. D." box="[982,1199,655,682]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="1923 - 1969" refId="ref15932" refString="Parker, R. R., Kabata, Z., Margolis, L. & Dean, M. D. (1968) A review and description of Caligus curtus Muller, 1785 (Caligidae: Copepoda), type species of its genus. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 25 (9), 1923 - 1969, figs. 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 68 - 172" type="journal article" year="1968">
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Parker
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFBAFFE6FBC79188F522FD73" box="[1066,1124,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1968
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFBAFFE6FB509197F4D3FD73" author="Dojiri, M. & Ho, J. - S." box="[1213,1429,655,682]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" refId="ref14155" refString="Dojiri, M. & Ho, J. - S. (2013) Systematics of the Caligidae, copepods parasitic on marine fishes. Crustaceana Monographs 18. Brill, Leiden, Boston, 448 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004204256" type="book" year="2013">Dojiri & Ho, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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) but has never been reported from the Pacific or Indian Oceans except for
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFBAFFE6FC3A91ABF5E1FD17" author="Heegaard, P." box="[983,1191,691,717]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref14385" refString="Heegaard, P. (1943) Parasitic copepods mainly from tropical and Antarctic seas. Arkiv f ˆ r Zoologi, 34, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1943">Heegaard’s (1943)</bibRefCitation>
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paper. We consider it extremely unlikely that this cold-water Atlantic species occurs in Indian waters.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFBAFFE6FBFC91CFF5A6FD2B" author="Heegaard, P." box="[1041,1248,727,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref14385" refString="Heegaard, P. (1943) Parasitic copepods mainly from tropical and Antarctic seas. Arkiv f ˆ r Zoologi, 34, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1943">Heegaard’s (1943)</bibRefCitation>
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paper was based on material collected from numerous localities around the world and stored in the Riksmuseum,
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<collectingRegion id="49C2DC83FFBAFFE6FB0791E3F420FCCF" box="[1258,1382,763,789]" country="Sweden" name="Stockholm" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Stockholm</collectingRegion>
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, and we agree with
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFBAFFE6FED29007F08BFCE0" author="Pillai, N. K." box="[319,461,799,826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" refId="ref16165" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1985) Fauna of India. Parasitic copepods of marine fishes. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 900 pp." type="book" year="1985">Pillai (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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who commented “probably there has been some confusion in the labels regarding the collection locality”.
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</paragraph>
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