663 lines
70 KiB
XML
663 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.28.325" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cac72c82-2c83-401f-b6d0-8afb5321fde3" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576570" ID-ZooBank="A979ECDE-871F-4AFC-9ABA-63A0FD6DC323" approvalRequired="46" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="46" checkinTime="1587979922717" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sereno, Paul & Larsson, Hans" docDate="2009" docId="039B2B68FFCA9B04A5FAB25AFE455734" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2104.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 28 (28)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@fc5bfa5" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Laganosuchus thaumastos Sereno & Larsson 2009, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="B9B7ACB2-A32A-4190-810E-F93ADE61C245" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="FFA25310FF879B57A576B119FF895175" masterDocTitle="Cretaceous Crocodyliforms from the Sahara" masterLastPageNumber="143" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1643567712823" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Cretaceous Crocodyliforms from the Sahara</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sereno, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Chicago, Chicago, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Larsson, Hans</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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||
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2009-11-19</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>28</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>143</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.28.325</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">cac72c82-2c83-401f-b6d0-8afb5321fde3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576570</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A979ECDE-871F-4AFC-9ABA-63A0FD6DC323</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3790377" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750068" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3790377" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B9B7ACB2-A32A-4190-810E-F93ADE61C245" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B2B68FFCA9B04A5FAB25AFE455734" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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||
<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="77.[140,977,835,967]" box="[140,520,835,862]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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||
<heading box="[140,520,835,862]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,520,835,862]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName authority="Sereno & Larsson, 2009" authorityName="Sereno & Larsson" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,448,835,862]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Laganosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,448,835,862]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis box="[140,306,835,862]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="1">Laganosuchus</emphasis>
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thaumastos
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[455,520,835,861]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="77.[140,977,835,967]" box="[140,977,870,897]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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||
<uri box="[140,977,870,897]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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||
<uuid box="[416,977,870,897]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">B9B7ACB2-A32A-4190-810E-F93ADE61C245</uuid>
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||
</uri>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="77.[140,977,835,967]" box="[140,272,906,932]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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||
<figureCitation box="[140,228,906,932]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="78.[140,212,647,669]" captionTargetBox="[146,1098,168,618]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[140,1108,162,630]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figure 37. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of lower jaws (MNN IGU13). A Dorsal view. B Left lateral view (reversed). Scale bar equals 20 cm. Dashed line indicates missing bone. Abbreviations: ad1, 4, 6, 7, 16–19, 24, alveolus for dentary tooth 1, 4, 6, 7, 16–19, 24; cp, coronoid process; d, dentary; gl, glenoid; rp, retroarticular process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768375/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs. 37</figureCitation>
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–41
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="77.[140,977,835,967]" box="[140,291,941,967]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Tables 12, 13</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="77.[140,1108,1011,1496]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,275,1011,1037]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis box="[140,270,1011,1037]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="1">Etymology</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[281,408,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Thaumastos</emphasis>
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, astonishing (Greek). Named for the remarkably slender depth of its lower jaws and its straight spike-shaped teeth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="77.[140,1108,1011,1496]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608868531" collectionCode="MNN" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCode="IGU13" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,306,1082,1108]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis box="[185,301,1082,1108]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="1">
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<typeStatus box="[185,301,1082,1108]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[313,386,1082,1108]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">MNN</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode box="[394,479,1082,1108]" collectionCode="IGU" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">IGU13</specimenCode>
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; nearly complete lower jaws missing only the left retroarticular process (
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<figureCitation box="[338,422,1117,1143]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="78.[140,212,647,669]" captionTargetBox="[146,1098,168,618]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[140,1108,162,630]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figure 37. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of lower jaws (MNN IGU13). A Dorsal view. B Left lateral view (reversed). Scale bar equals 20 cm. Dashed line indicates missing bone. Abbreviations: ad1, 4, 6, 7, 16–19, 24, alveolus for dentary tooth 1, 4, 6, 7, 16–19, 24; cp, coronoid process; d, dentary; gl, glenoid; rp, retroarticular process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768375/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="77.[140,1108,1011,1496]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,344,1152,1178]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis box="[185,243,1152,1178]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="1">Type</emphasis>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Iguidi (west of In Abangharit),
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<collectingRegion box="[705,883,1152,1178]" country="Niger" name="Agadez" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Agadez District</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[895,959,1152,1178]" name="Niger" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Niger</collectingCountry>
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Republic (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="925" value="17.933332">N 17° 56’</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[236,328,1187,1214]" degrees="5" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="925" value="5.633333">E 5° 38’</geoCoordinate>
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) (Fig. 1A).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="77.[140,1108,1011,1496]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,294,1222,1248]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis box="[185,288,1222,1248]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="1">Horizon</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Echkar Formation, Tegama Series; Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian), ca. 95 Mya (
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<bibRefCitation author="Taquet P" box="[239,389,1258,1285]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 191" refId="ref47707" refString="Taquet P (1976) Geologie et paleontologie du gisement de Gadoufaoua (Aptian du Niger). Cahiers de Paleontologie 1976: 1 - 191." type="journal article" year="1976">Taquet 1976</bibRefCitation>
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). Found in association with the crocodyliform
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sereno & Larsson" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" family="Mahajangasuchidae" genus="Kaprosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodilomorphi" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Kaprosuchus saharicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, abelisaurid
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<taxonomicName box="[332,488,1294,1319]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Rugops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
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<emphasis box="[332,488,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Rugops primus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, spinosaurid
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stromer" authorityYear="1915" box="[638,767,1293,1319]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Spinosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[638,767,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Spinosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., carcharodontosaurid
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brusatte & Sereno" authorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Carcharodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Carcharodontosaurus iguidensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, an unnamed rebbachisaurid, and titanosaurian sauropods.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="77.[140,1108,1011,1496]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,308,1363,1389]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis box="[185,303,1363,1389]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Metasuchian characterized by alveoli for dentary teeth 1–10 with a depressed labial rim that exposes the upper portion of the alveolus in labial view; slightly procumbent d1 and d2 teeth; two pairs of twinned dentary teeth with conjoined alveolar margins among postcaniniforms; and splenial anterior end split into a pair of short flanges.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="77.[140,1108,1539,1672]" lastBlockId="79.[140,1108,166,581]" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,272,1539,1565]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis box="[140,215,1539,1565]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="1">Lower</emphasis>
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jaw.
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</emphasis>
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The lower jaws of
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<taxonomicName box="[505,749,1539,1565]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Laganosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
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<emphasis box="[505,749,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Laganosuchus thauma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stromer" authorityYear="1925" box="[815,1062,1539,1565]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Stomatosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
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<emphasis box="[815,1062,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Stomatosuchus inermis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are remarkably slender and elongate and the symphysis extremely reduced compared to any extant crocodylian (
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<figureCitation box="[415,501,1610,1636]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="78.[140,212,647,669]" captionTargetBox="[146,1098,168,618]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[140,1108,162,630]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figure 37. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of lower jaws (MNN IGU13). A Dorsal view. B Left lateral view (reversed). Scale bar equals 20 cm. Dashed line indicates missing bone. Abbreviations: ad1, 4, 6, 7, 16–19, 24, alveolus for dentary tooth 1, 4, 6, 7, 16–19, 24; cp, coronoid process; d, dentary; gl, glenoid; rp, retroarticular process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768375/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
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||
). The lower jaws of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sereno & Larsson" authorityYear="2009" box="[734,882,1610,1636]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Laganosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[734,882,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Laganosuchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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measure 0.84 m in length (Table 12) and probably pertain to a crocodyliform four-to-six meters in body length. Th e jaws of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stromer" authorityYear="1925" box="[372,528,167,193]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Stomatosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[372,528,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Stomatosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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are 250% that of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sereno & Larsson" authorityYear="2009" box="[747,895,167,193]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Laganosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[747,895,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Laganosuchus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, or approximately 2.1 m long. Th is is comparable to the length of the strongly built, robustly joined lower jaws in the largest individuals of
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<taxonomicName authority="(Sereno et al. 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Sereno" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[574,930,237,264]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[574,700,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Sarcosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sereno PC & Larsson HCE & Sidor CA & Gado B" box="[714,921,237,264]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1516 - 1519" refId="ref47329" refString="Sereno PC, Larsson HCE, Sidor CA, Gado B (2001) Th e giant crocodyliform Sarcosuchus from the Cretaceous of Africa. Science 294: 1516 - 1519." type="journal article" year="2001">Sereno et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the largest well documented crocodylomorph.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768375" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3768375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768375/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" startId="78.[140,212,647,669]" targetBox="[146,1098,168,618]" targetPageId="78">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="78.[140,1107,647,765]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,978,647,669]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Figure 37. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sereno & Larsson, 2009" authorityName="Sereno & Larsson" authorityYear="2009" box="[588,841,647,669]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Laganosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" status="gen. n.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[588,841,647,669]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Laganosuchus thaumastos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[848,916,647,668]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Cast (UCRC PVC9) of lower jaws (MNN IGU13).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[503,522,679,701]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[649,666,679,701]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">B</emphasis>
|
||
Left lateral view (reversed). Scale bar equals 20 cm. Dashed line indicates missing bone. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis box="[651,861,711,733]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">ad1, 4, 6, 7, 16–19, 24</emphasis>
|
||
, alveolus for dentary tooth 1, 4, 6, 7, 16–19, 24;
|
||
<emphasis box="[344,363,744,765]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">cp</emphasis>
|
||
, coronoid process;
|
||
<emphasis box="[542,553,744,765]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">d</emphasis>
|
||
, dentary;
|
||
<emphasis box="[648,663,744,765]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">gl</emphasis>
|
||
, glenoid;
|
||
<emphasis box="[756,775,744,765]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">rp</emphasis>
|
||
, retroarticular process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<tableNote pageId="78" pageNumber="79" targetBox="[163,1099,920,1669]" targetPageId="78">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="78.[140,1107,837,892]" box="[140,1107,837,860]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,239,837,859]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Table |2.</emphasis>
|
||
Dimensions (mm) of the lower jaw of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sereno & Larsson" authorityYear="2009" box="[621,848,838,859]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Laganosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis box="[621,848,838,859]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Laganosuchus thaumastos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNN IGU13). Measure-
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="78.[140,1107,837,892]" box="[140,1009,870,892]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">ments of paired structures taken from right side. Parentheses indicate estimated measurement.</paragraph>
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<table box="[163,1099,920,1669]" colsContinueFrom="67.[147,1101,249,1410]" gridcols="3" gridrows="22" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,920,944]" gridrow="0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<th box="[163,271,920,944]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[167,268,920,944]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Structure</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[312,902,920,944]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[561,708,920,944]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Measurement</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[1002,1099,920,944]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1002,1079,920,944]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Length</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,953,978]" gridrow="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,953,978]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Maximum length</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,953,978]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">838.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,986,1010]" gridrow="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,986,1010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Dentigerous ramus length</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,986,1010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">490.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1019,1043]" gridrow="3" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1019,1043]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Functional length (anterior end to midpoint of glenoid)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1019,1043]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">750.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1052,1076]" gridrow="4" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1052,1076]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Transverse width at anterior end (across alveoli 4)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1052,1076]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">(140.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1085,1109]" gridrow="5" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1085,1109]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Transverse width at mid-length (across alveoli 14)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1085,1109]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">(200.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1118,1142]" gridrow="6" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1118,1142]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Transverse width at coronoid process</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1118,1142]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">(233.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1151,1175]" gridrow="7" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<th box="[163,271,1151,1175]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Lower Jaw</th>
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1151,1175]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Transverse width at posterior end of retroarticular process</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1151,1175]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">(240.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1184,1208]" gridrow="8" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1184,1208]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Coronoid process, transverse width</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1184,1208]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">30.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1217,1241]" gridrow="9" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1217,1241]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">External mandibular fenestra, length</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1217,1241]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">(50.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1250,1274]" gridrow="10" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1250,1274]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">External mandibular fenestra, height at midpoint</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1250,1274]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">5.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1283,1307]" gridrow="11" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1283,1307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Retroarticular process, length</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1283,1307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">70.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1316,1340]" gridrow="12" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1316,1340]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Retroarticular process, maximum transverse width</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1316,1340]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">33.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1349,1373]" gridrow="13" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1349,1373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Retroarticular process, maximum depth</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1349,1373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">24.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1382,1406]" gridrow="14" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1382,1406]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Symphysis, dorsoventral height</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1382,1406]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">(31.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1414,1439]" gridrow="15" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1414,1439]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Symphysis, maximum anteroposterior width</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1414,1439]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">22.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1447,1472]" gridrow="16" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1447,1472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ramus between alveolus 2 and 3, dorsoventral height</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1447,1472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">25.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1480,1537]" gridrow="17" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<th box="[163,271,1480,1537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Dentary</th>
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1480,1537]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ramus between alveolus 5 and 6, dorsoventral height Ramus between alveolus 10 and 11, dorsoventral height</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1480,1537]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">22.6 26.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1546,1570]" gridrow="18" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1546,1570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ramus between alveolus 15 and 16, dorsoventral height</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1546,1570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">29.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1579,1603]" gridrow="19" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1579,1603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ramus between alveolus 20 and 21, dorsoventral height</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1579,1603]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">33.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1612,1636]" gridrow="20" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1612,1636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ramus between alveolus 24, dorsoventral height</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1612,1636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">37.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1099,1645,1669]" gridrow="21" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<th box="[163,271,1645,1669]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Splenial</th>
|
||
<td box="[312,902,1645,1669]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Anterior end, depth</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1099,1645,1669]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">15.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="79.[140,1108,166,581]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
In dorsal view the mandible in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sereno & Larsson" authorityYear="2009" box="[543,691,307,333]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Laganosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[543,691,307,333]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Laganosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is U-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[850,955,307,334]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="78.[140,212,647,669]" captionTargetBox="[146,1098,168,618]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[140,1108,162,630]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figure 37. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of lower jaws (MNN IGU13). A Dorsal view. B Left lateral view (reversed). Scale bar equals 20 cm. Dashed line indicates missing bone. Abbreviations: ad1, 4, 6, 7, 16–19, 24, alveolus for dentary tooth 1, 4, 6, 7, 16–19, 24; cp, coronoid process; d, dentary; gl, glenoid; rp, retroarticular process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768375/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 37A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each side is gently bowed, with curvature toward the symphysis increasing at about the seventh alveolus. In lateral view the ventral margin of the lower jaw is also gently curved as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stromer" authorityYear="1925" box="[140,296,413,439]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Stomatosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,296,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Stomatosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[312,414,413,439]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="78.[140,212,647,669]" captionTargetBox="[146,1098,168,618]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[140,1108,162,630]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figure 37. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of lower jaws (MNN IGU13). A Dorsal view. B Left lateral view (reversed). Scale bar equals 20 cm. Dashed line indicates missing bone. Abbreviations: ad1, 4, 6, 7, 16–19, 24, alveolus for dentary tooth 1, 4, 6, 7, 16–19, 24; cp, coronoid process; d, dentary; gl, glenoid; rp, retroarticular process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768375/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 37B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="79.[140,1108,166,581]" lastBlockId="80.[140,1108,167,932]" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
The
|
||
<emphasis box="[238,319,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">dentary</emphasis>
|
||
is most slender in the region of alveolus five and six (Table 12). At the symphysis, the dentary joins its opposite, an articulation that appears to have been fused in the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[289,392,519,545]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Th e broken ventral margin at the symphysis appears to have been thickened dorsoventrally, forming a low chin (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[743,854,554,580]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="79.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[251,1005,635,1499]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[227,1021,623,1512]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 38. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the anterior portion of the left dentary and splenial (MNN IGU13). A Left lateral view. B Medial view (reversed). C Dorsal view. D Ventral view. Scale bar equals 5 cm. Abbreviations: ad1–8, alveolus for dentary tooth 1–8; asp, articular surface for the splenial; cr, crest; d, dentary; dpr, dorsal process; gr, groove (for upper teeth); Mc, Meckel’s canal; sp, splenial; vpr, ventral process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768377/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 38D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The internal (labial) aspect of the dentary near the symphysis is convex with a discrete crest running along the dorsal edge of the splenial (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[490,593,202,228]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="79.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[251,1005,635,1499]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[227,1021,623,1512]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 38. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the anterior portion of the left dentary and splenial (MNN IGU13). A Left lateral view. B Medial view (reversed). C Dorsal view. D Ventral view. Scale bar equals 5 cm. Abbreviations: ad1–8, alveolus for dentary tooth 1–8; asp, articular surface for the splenial; cr, crest; d, dentary; dpr, dorsal process; gr, groove (for upper teeth); Mc, Meckel’s canal; sp, splenial; vpr, ventral process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768377/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 38B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768377" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3768377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768377/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" startId="79.[140,212,1526,1548]" targetBox="[251,1005,635,1499]" targetPageId="79">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="79.[140,1108,1526,1676]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,978,1526,1548]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Figure 38. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sereno & Larsson, 2009" authorityName="Sereno & Larsson" authorityYear="2009" box="[588,840,1526,1548]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Laganosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" status="gen. n.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[588,840,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Laganosuchus thaumastos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[848,916,1526,1547]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the anterior portion of the left dentary and splenial (MNN IGU13).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[867,886,1558,1580]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">A</emphasis>
|
||
Left lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1047,1064,1558,1580]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">B</emphasis>
|
||
Medial view (reversed).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[328,347,1590,1612]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">C</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[470,489,1590,1612]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">D</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view. Scale bar equals 5 cm. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis box="[965,1022,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">ad1–8</emphasis>
|
||
, alveolus for dentary tooth 1–8;
|
||
<emphasis box="[358,386,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">asp</emphasis>
|
||
, articular surface for the splenial;
|
||
<emphasis box="[707,723,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">cr</emphasis>
|
||
, crest;
|
||
<emphasis box="[792,810,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">d,</emphasis>
|
||
dentary;
|
||
<emphasis box="[900,930,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">dpr</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal process;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1085,1108,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">gr,</emphasis>
|
||
groove (for upper teeth);
|
||
<emphasis box="[373,402,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Mc</emphasis>
|
||
, Meckel’s canal;
|
||
<emphasis box="[558,575,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">sp</emphasis>
|
||
, splenial;
|
||
<emphasis box="[669,698,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">vpr</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="80.[140,1108,167,932]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
At mid-length the dentary has an elliptical cross-section. Th e dorsal, festooned, alveolar margin is transversely broader than the ventral margin. In medial view, a very narrow neurovascular groove is exposed where the splenial has broken away (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[993,1095,307,334]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="79.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[251,1005,635,1499]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[227,1021,623,1512]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 38. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the anterior portion of the left dentary and splenial (MNN IGU13). A Left lateral view. B Medial view (reversed). C Dorsal view. D Ventral view. Scale bar equals 5 cm. Abbreviations: ad1–8, alveolus for dentary tooth 1–8; asp, articular surface for the splenial; cr, crest; d, dentary; dpr, dorsal process; gr, groove (for upper teeth); Mc, Meckel’s canal; sp, splenial; vpr, ventral process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768377/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 38B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view the dentary splits into two posterior rami below alveoli 22 and 23. The dorsal ramus, which is the longer of the pair, twists onto the dorsal side of the coronoid process. Th ere it extends posteriorly as a tongue-shaped process that overlaps the surangular. Th is relation is unusual compared to extant crocodylians, as the surangular typically extends anteriorly, overlapping the dentary and approaching the posteriormost tooth. Th e subtriangular ventral ramus is short, the angular lapping it medially and extending anteriorly between the dentary and splenial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="80.[140,1108,167,932]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The
|
||
<emphasis box="[238,319,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">splenial</emphasis>
|
||
is a very thin sheet of bone that extends toward, but does not participate in, the symphysis (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[443,546,624,650]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="79.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[251,1005,635,1499]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[227,1021,623,1512]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 38. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the anterior portion of the left dentary and splenial (MNN IGU13). A Left lateral view. B Medial view (reversed). C Dorsal view. D Ventral view. Scale bar equals 5 cm. Abbreviations: ad1–8, alveolus for dentary tooth 1–8; asp, articular surface for the splenial; cr, crest; d, dentary; dpr, dorsal process; gr, groove (for upper teeth); Mc, Meckel’s canal; sp, splenial; vpr, ventral process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768377/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 38B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Th e distal end of the splenial is bifurcated, with Meckel’s canal terminating in the notch between the processes. In the anterior one-half of the dentary, Meckel’s canal is developed as a narrow incised groove lapped medially by the splenial (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[320,423,730,756]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="79.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[251,1005,635,1499]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[227,1021,623,1512]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 38. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the anterior portion of the left dentary and splenial (MNN IGU13). A Left lateral view. B Medial view (reversed). C Dorsal view. D Ventral view. Scale bar equals 5 cm. Abbreviations: ad1–8, alveolus for dentary tooth 1–8; asp, articular surface for the splenial; cr, crest; d, dentary; dpr, dorsal process; gr, groove (for upper teeth); Mc, Meckel’s canal; sp, splenial; vpr, ventral process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768377/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 38B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Externally, the symphyseal ramus of the dentary is marked by two rows of neurovascular foramina, one extending near the ventral margin in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[254,355,800,826]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="79.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[251,1005,635,1499]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[227,1021,623,1512]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 38. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the anterior portion of the left dentary and splenial (MNN IGU13). A Left lateral view. B Medial view (reversed). C Dorsal view. D Ventral view. Scale bar equals 5 cm. Abbreviations: ad1–8, alveolus for dentary tooth 1–8; asp, articular surface for the splenial; cr, crest; d, dentary; dpr, dorsal process; gr, groove (for upper teeth); Mc, Meckel’s canal; sp, splenial; vpr, ventral process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768377/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 38A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the other visible only in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[847,954,800,826]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="79.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[251,1005,635,1499]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[227,1021,623,1512]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 38. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the anterior portion of the left dentary and splenial (MNN IGU13). A Left lateral view. B Medial view (reversed). C Dorsal view. D Ventral view. Scale bar equals 5 cm. Abbreviations: ad1–8, alveolus for dentary tooth 1–8; asp, articular surface for the splenial; cr, crest; d, dentary; dpr, dorsal process; gr, groove (for upper teeth); Mc, Meckel’s canal; sp, splenial; vpr, ventral process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768377/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 38D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="80.[140,1108,167,932]" lastBlockId="81.[140,1108,167,475]" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The posterior end of the lower jaw is characterized by a rugose, low, and transversely broad coronoid process, below which is a strongly reduced, slit-shaped external mandibular fenestra (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[378,470,906,932]" captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="80.[140,212,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[178,1081,1003,1519]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1096,985,1539]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figure 39. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Posterior portion of the lower jaws (MNN IGU13). A Left lateral view. B Right lateral view (reversed). Scale bars equal 5 cm. Abbreviations: a, angular; cp, coronoid process; d, dentary; emf, external mandibular fenestra; gl, glenoid; rp, retroarticular process; sa, surangular." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768379/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figs. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[480,513,906,932]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="81.[140,210,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[394,842,605,1527]" captionTargetId="figure@81.[366,882,586,1541]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figure 40. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the posterior portion of the lower jaws (MNN IGU13). A Left side in dorsal view. B Right side in dorsal view.Dashed line indicates missing bone. Scale bar equals 5 cm.Abbreviations: a, angular;ar, articular; gl, glenoid; cp, coronoid process; pb, pathologic bone; rp, retroarticular process; ru, rugosities; sa, surangular." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768381/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">40</figureCitation>
|
||
). In medial view, the remarkably small adductor fossa is located immediately anterior to the glenoid. As seen on the left side (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[948,1052,167,193]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="81.[140,210,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[394,842,605,1527]" captionTargetId="figure@81.[366,882,586,1541]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figure 40. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the posterior portion of the lower jaws (MNN IGU13). A Left side in dorsal view. B Right side in dorsal view.Dashed line indicates missing bone. Scale bar equals 5 cm.Abbreviations: a, angular;ar, articular; gl, glenoid; cp, coronoid process; pb, pathologic bone; rp, retroarticular process; ru, rugosities; sa, surangular." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768381/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 40A</figureCitation>
|
||
), the articular surface of the glenoid is saddle-shaped, convex along an anterolateral-posteromedial axis and concave along an anteromedial-posterolateral axis (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[884,987,237,263]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="81.[140,210,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[394,842,605,1527]" captionTargetId="figure@81.[366,882,586,1541]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figure 40. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the posterior portion of the lower jaws (MNN IGU13). A Left side in dorsal view. B Right side in dorsal view.Dashed line indicates missing bone. Scale bar equals 5 cm.Abbreviations: a, angular;ar, articular; gl, glenoid; cp, coronoid process; pb, pathologic bone; rp, retroarticular process; ru, rugosities; sa, surangular." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768381/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 40A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The right side is concave with irregular edges and shows signs of bone pathology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768379" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3768379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768379/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" startId="80.[140,212,1558,1580]" targetBox="[178,1081,1003,1519]" targetPageId="80">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="80.[140,1108,1558,1676]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,946,1558,1580]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Figure 39. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sereno & Larsson, 2009" authorityName="Sereno & Larsson" authorityYear="2009" box="[569,819,1558,1580]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Laganosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" status="gen. n.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[569,819,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Laganosuchus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[709,819,1558,1580]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="thaumastos" status="gen. n.">thaumastos</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[824,890,1558,1579]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Posterior portion of the lower jaws (MNN IGU13).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[471,490,1590,1612]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">A</emphasis>
|
||
Left lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[659,676,1590,1612]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">B</emphasis>
|
||
Right lateral view (reversed). Scale bars equal 5 cm. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis box="[342,353,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">a</emphasis>
|
||
, angular;
|
||
<emphasis box="[449,468,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">cp</emphasis>
|
||
, coronoid process;
|
||
<emphasis box="[652,670,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">d,</emphasis>
|
||
dentary;
|
||
<emphasis box="[761,793,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">emf</emphasis>
|
||
, external mandibular fenestra;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1086,1101,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">gl</emphasis>
|
||
, glenoid;
|
||
<emphasis box="[221,240,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">rp</emphasis>
|
||
, retroarticular process;
|
||
<emphasis box="[457,480,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">sa,</emphasis>
|
||
surangular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="81.[140,1108,167,475]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
The retroarticular process, preserved only on the right side (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[858,968,307,334]" captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="80.[140,212,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[178,1081,1003,1519]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1096,985,1539]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figure 39. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Posterior portion of the lower jaws (MNN IGU13). A Left lateral view. B Right lateral view (reversed). Scale bars equal 5 cm. Abbreviations: a, angular; cp, coronoid process; d, dentary; emf, external mandibular fenestra; gl, glenoid; rp, retroarticular process; sa, surangular." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768379/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figs. 39B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[981,1031,308,334]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="81.[140,210,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[394,842,605,1527]" captionTargetId="figure@81.[366,882,586,1541]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figure 40. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the posterior portion of the lower jaws (MNN IGU13). A Left side in dorsal view. B Right side in dorsal view.Dashed line indicates missing bone. Scale bar equals 5 cm.Abbreviations: a, angular;ar, articular; gl, glenoid; cp, coronoid process; pb, pathologic bone; rp, retroarticular process; ru, rugosities; sa, surangular." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768381/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">40B</figureCitation>
|
||
), has a triangular cross-section with sides that are concave. Th in posterior rami of the angular and prearticular completely overlap the articular on lateral and medial sides. The articular forms all of the dorsomedial face of the process, which is canted at an angle of approximately 45° (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[362,464,448,474]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="81.[140,210,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[394,842,605,1527]" captionTargetId="figure@81.[366,882,586,1541]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figure 40. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the posterior portion of the lower jaws (MNN IGU13). A Left side in dorsal view. B Right side in dorsal view.Dashed line indicates missing bone. Scale bar equals 5 cm.Abbreviations: a, angular;ar, articular; gl, glenoid; cp, coronoid process; pb, pathologic bone; rp, retroarticular process; ru, rugosities; sa, surangular." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768381/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 40B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="81.[140,1108,518,580]" lastBlockId="82.[140,1108,1223,1672]" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,266,518,544]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Dentition.</emphasis>
|
||
There are 24 alveoli in each dentary with some variation in the position of two pairs of twinned alveoli. On both sides, the alveoli for tooth d6 and d7 are joined, the former is the smaller of the pair (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[550,654,1223,1249]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="78.[140,212,647,669]" captionTargetBox="[146,1098,168,618]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[140,1108,162,630]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figure 37. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of lower jaws (MNN IGU13). A Dorsal view. B Left lateral view (reversed). Scale bar equals 20 cm. Dashed line indicates missing bone. Abbreviations: ad1, 4, 6, 7, 16–19, 24, alveolus for dentary tooth 1, 4, 6, 7, 16–19, 24; cp, coronoid process; d, dentary; gl, glenoid; rp, retroarticular process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768375/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 37A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A similar twinning, although less complete and involving alveoli of comparable size, occurs between alveoli of d16 and d17 on the left side and d17 and d18 on the right side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768381" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3768381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768381/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" startId="81.[140,210,1558,1580]" targetBox="[394,842,605,1527]" targetPageId="81">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="81.[140,1108,1558,1676]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,977,1558,1580]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Figure 40. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sereno & Larsson, 2009" authorityName="Sereno & Larsson" authorityYear="2009" box="[589,836,1558,1580]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Laganosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" status="gen. n.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[589,836,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Laganosuchus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[729,836,1558,1580]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="thaumastos" status="gen. n.">thaumastos</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[846,913,1558,1579]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the posterior portion of the lower jaws (MNN IGU13).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[735,754,1590,1612]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">A</emphasis>
|
||
Left side in dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[972,989,1590,1612]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">B</emphasis>
|
||
Right side in dorsal view. Dashed line indicates missing bone. Scale bar equals 5 cm. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis box="[901,911,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">a</emphasis>
|
||
, angular;
|
||
<emphasis box="[998,1016,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">ar</emphasis>
|
||
, articular;
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,154,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">gl</emphasis>
|
||
, glenoid;
|
||
<emphasis box="[244,262,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">cp</emphasis>
|
||
, coronoid process;
|
||
<emphasis box="[436,457,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">pb</emphasis>
|
||
, pathologic bone;
|
||
<emphasis box="[625,643,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">rp</emphasis>
|
||
, retroarticular process;
|
||
<emphasis box="[853,873,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">ru</emphasis>
|
||
, rugosities;
|
||
<emphasis box="[980,1003,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">sa,</emphasis>
|
||
surangular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<table box="[320,922,249,1133]" gridcols="3" gridrows="18" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,249,340]" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,249,340]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Alveolus or tooth Number</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[578,703,249,340]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[578,703,249,305]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Mesiodistal length</emphasis>
|
||
15.5
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[779,922,249,340]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[779,922,249,305]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Buccolingual width</emphasis>
|
||
9.4
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,350,409]" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,350,409]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2 3</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,350,409]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">12.4 8.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,350,409]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">6.7 5.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,419,478]" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,419,478]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4 5</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,419,478]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">14.9 8.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,419,478]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">7.6 4.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,488,512]" gridrow="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,488,512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">6</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,488,512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">5.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,488,512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,523,547]" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,523,547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">7</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,523,547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">11.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,523,547]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">6.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,557,581]" gridrow="5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,557,581]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">8</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,557,581]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">7.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,557,581]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,591,616]" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,591,616]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">9</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,591,616]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">11.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,591,616]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">5.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,626,650]" gridrow="7" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,626,650]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">10</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,626,650]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">10.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,626,650]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">(5.9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,660,685]" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,660,685]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">11</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,660,685]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">10.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,660,685]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">5.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,695,719]" gridrow="9" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,695,719]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">12</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,695,719]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">11.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,695,719]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">5.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,729,754]" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,729,754]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">13</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,729,754]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">10.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,729,754]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">5.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,764,788]" gridrow="11" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,764,788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">14</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,764,788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">8.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,764,788]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">5.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,798,822]" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,798,822]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">15</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,798,822]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">9.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,798,822]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,833,891]" gridrow="13" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,833,891]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">16 17</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,833,891]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">8.3 9.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,833,891]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">5.1 5.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,902,960]" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,902,960]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">18 19</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,902,960]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">8.6 8.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,902,960]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.5 4.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,970,1029]" gridrow="15" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,970,1029]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">20 21</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,970,1029]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">8.7 8.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,970,1029]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.5 4.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,1039,1098]" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,1039,1098]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">22 23</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,1039,1098]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">8.4 8.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,1039,1098]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.6 4.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[320,922,1109,1133]" gridrow="17" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th box="[320,508,1109,1133]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">24</th>
|
||
<td box="[578,703,1109,1133]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">8.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[779,922,1109,1133]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="82.[140,1108,1223,1672]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
The alveolus for d1 is the largest in the tooth row and slightly larger than d4, commonly enlarged as a caniniform among crocodyliforms, and d2 (Table 13). The alveoli of d1 and d2 are canted labially and probably projected anterior to the rim of the opposing premaxilla. Th e alveolus for d3 is small (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[674,778,1434,1460]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="79.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[251,1005,635,1499]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[227,1021,623,1512]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 38. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the anterior portion of the left dentary and splenial (MNN IGU13). A Left lateral view. B Medial view (reversed). C Dorsal view. D Ventral view. Scale bar equals 5 cm. Abbreviations: ad1–8, alveolus for dentary tooth 1–8; asp, articular surface for the splenial; cr, crest; d, dentary; dpr, dorsal process; gr, groove (for upper teeth); Mc, Meckel’s canal; sp, splenial; vpr, ventral process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768377/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 38C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view, this alveolus is flanked mesially and distally by canted troughs that accommodated crowns of the opposing maxillary series (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[442,547,1504,1530]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="79.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[251,1005,635,1499]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[227,1021,623,1512]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 38. Lower jaws of the crocodyliform Laganosuchus thaumastos gen. n. sp. n. Cast (UCRC PVC9) of the anterior portion of the left dentary and splenial (MNN IGU13). A Left lateral view. B Medial view (reversed). C Dorsal view. D Ventral view. Scale bar equals 5 cm. Abbreviations: ad1–8, alveolus for dentary tooth 1–8; asp, articular surface for the splenial; cr, crest; d, dentary; dpr, dorsal process; gr, groove (for upper teeth); Mc, Meckel’s canal; sp, splenial; vpr, ventral process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768377/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 38A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal margin between alveoli is developed as a ridge that becomes rounded posterior to d7. Festooning of the alveolar margin involves elevation of the rim of each alveolus with concave embayment of the lateral aspect of the interalveolar margin. Th e resulting undulating alveolar margin doubtless accommodated the interdigitation of opposing crowns.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="83.[140,1108,694,780]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,924,694,716]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[140,241,694,716]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[140,203,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[150,1101,1120,1519]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[140,1108,1091,1538]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Skeleton of the crocodyliform Anatosuchus minor. Skull and partial postcranial skeleton (MNN GAD17) in dorsal view.Scale bar equals 10 cm. Pink tone indicates restored snout margin. Abbreviations: co1, cervical osteoderm 1; do1, 5, 12, dorsal osteoderm 1, 5, 12; f, femur; fi, fibula; h, humerus; l, left; ma, manus; r, right; ti, tibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768327/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
|. Tooth of the crocodyliform
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sereno & Larsson, 2009" authorityName="Sereno & Larsson" authorityYear="2009" box="[534,787,694,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Laganosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" status="gen. n.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[534,787,694,716]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Laganosuchus thaumastos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[794,862,694,715]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Medial view of the replacement crown in the eleventh alveolus of the right dentary (MNN IGU13). Scale bar equals
|
||
<quantity box="[1045,1105,726,748]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis box="[280,299,759,780]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">ca</emphasis>
|
||
, carina;
|
||
<emphasis box="[378,389,758,779]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">d</emphasis>
|
||
, dentary;
|
||
<emphasis box="[484,501,759,780]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">sp</emphasis>
|
||
, splenial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="83.[140,1108,871,1601]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Several broken crowns remain in place, their crown bases tightly fitted to their respective alveoli. In cross-section, these crowns are oval with a large central lumen. We exposed replacement teeth in several crypts (Fig. 41). Th e crowns are spikeshaped in lateral view, lacking recurvature or any apparent asymmetry. Th ey are oval in cross-section at their base, above which they become transversely compressed with sharp, unornamented mesial and distal carinae. Th ere is no ornamentation of the crown surface.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="83.[140,1108,871,1601]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
The spike-shaped crowns remove any doubt that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sereno & Larsson" authorityYear="2009" box="[730,878,1117,1143]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Laganosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[730,878,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Laganosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was an active predator (Fig. 41). Because the spaced, oval alveoli resemble in size and shape those described in the anterior half of the maxilla of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stromer" authorityYear="1925" box="[638,794,1187,1213]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Stomatosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[638,794,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Stomatosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is possible that the latter genus had maxillary crowns of similar form (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stromer E" box="[635,797,1222,1249]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref47545" refString="Stromer E (1925) Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wusten Agyptens. II. Wirbeltier-Reste der Baharije-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 7. Stomatosuchus inermis Stromer, ein schwach bezahnter Krokodilier und 8. Ein Skelettrest des Pristiden Onchopristis numidus Huag sp. Abhandlungen der Koniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse 30: 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1925">Stromer 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Th e alveolar margin of the dentary in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stromer" authorityYear="1925" box="[265,421,1258,1284]" class="Reptilia" family="Stomatosuchidae" genus="Stomatosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[265,421,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Stomatosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was depicted as smooth, lacking large alveoli or a festooned margin (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[236,356,1293,1319]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[140,212,1015,1037]" captionTargetBox="[144,1105,199,969]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[140,1108,165,995]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Skull and cervical vertebra of the crocodyliform Stomatosuchus inermis. A Cranium in ventral view. B Right lower jaw in medial view. C Right lower jaw (reversed) in dorsal view. D cervical vertebra in anterior view. E Right quadrate in ventral view. F Skull reconstruction in dorsal view. G Skull reconstruction in lateral view. Scale bar for A-E equals 50 cm. A-E from Stromer (1925); F and G from Stromer (1936)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768325/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 2B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), although
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stromer E" box="[487,662,1293,1320]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref47545" refString="Stromer E (1925) Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wusten Agyptens. II. Wirbeltier-Reste der Baharije-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 7. Stomatosuchus inermis Stromer, ein schwach bezahnter Krokodilier und 8. Ein Skelettrest des Pristiden Onchopristis numidus Huag sp. Abhandlungen der Koniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse 30: 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1925">Stromer (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
questioned its state of preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="83.[140,1108,871,1601]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Both genera would have fed on fish in a very different manner than extant crocodylians, given the mechanical limitations of such a slender, hoop-shaped mandible, unexpanded cross- section at the symphysis, posteriorly positioned coronoid process, and short span available between the coronoid process and supratemporal region for the adductor musculature. Bite forces would have been limited. Stomatosuchids may best be interpreted as sit-and-wait predators in shallow water, closing their interdigitating spike-shaped dentition on unsuspecting prey that wandered within the U-shaped perimeter of their long jaws.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |