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<document ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.28.325" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cac72c82-2c83-401f-b6d0-8afb5321fde3" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576570" ID-ZooBank="A979ECDE-871F-4AFC-9ABA-63A0FD6DC323" approvalRequired="46" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="46" checkinTime="1587979922717" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sereno, Paul &amp; Larsson, Hans" docDate="2009" docId="039B2B68FFA69B61A5FAB31FFC475312" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2104.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 28 (28)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@fc5bfa5" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Araripesuchus wegeneri Buffetaut &amp; Taquet 1979" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FFA25310FF879B57A576B119FF895175" masterDocTitle="Cretaceous Crocodyliforms from the Sahara" masterLastPageNumber="143" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1643567712823" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Cretaceous Crocodyliforms from the Sahara</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sereno, Paul</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Chicago, Chicago, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Larsson, Hans</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2009-11-19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>143</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.28.325</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">cac72c82-2c83-401f-b6d0-8afb5321fde3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576570</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A979ECDE-871F-4AFC-9ABA-63A0FD6DC323</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3790367" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750073" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3790367" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B2B68FFA69B61A5FAB31FFC475312" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B2B68FFA69B61A5FAB31FFC475312" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="33.[140,732,518,721]" box="[140,732,518,545]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading box="[140,732,518,545]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
<taxonomicName authority="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet, 1979" authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[140,732,518,545]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,732,518,545]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,418,518,545]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis box="[140,308,518,545]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">Araripesuchus</emphasis>
wegeneri
</emphasis>
Buffetaut &amp; Taquet, 1979
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[140,732,518,721]" box="[140,273,554,580]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 14–26</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="33.[140,732,518,721]" box="[140,262,589,615]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<tableCitation box="[140,262,589,615]" captionStart-0="Table 6" captionStart-1="Table 7" captionStart-2="Table 8" captionStartId-0="34.[140,200,166,188]" captionStartId-1="38.[140,200,166,188]" captionStartId-2="42.[140,200,166,188]" captionText-0="Table 6. Measurements and proportions of forelimb elements of Anatosuchus minor (MNN GAD17), Araripesuchus wegeneri (MNN GAD21, GAD25), Alligator mississippiensis (FMNH 22027), and Crocodylus johnstoni (FMNH 223669). Measurements are from the left side in A. minor and A. wegeneri and from an average of left and right sides in A. mississippiensis and C. johnstoni. Measurements in A. wegeneri are based on two partial forelimbs with radii of identical length (MNN GAD21, GAD25); only one preserved the humerus (MNN GAD25). Estimated measurements for metacarpal 3 in A. minor and A. wegeneri are based on measurements of metacarpal 1 and 2, the former approximately 15% shorter and the latter slightly longer than metacarpal 3 (Mook 1921). Parentheses indicate estimated measurement." captionText-1="Table 7. Dimensions (mm) of the referred cranium of Araripesuchus wegeneri (MNN GAD19). Paired" captionText-2="Table 8. Dimensions (mm) of the skulls and postcranial bones of Araripesuchus wegeneri preserved in proximity on a block of matrix (MNN GAD20–22). Measurements are taken from the left side except as indicated. Ungual length is measured along longest chord from base to tip. Parentheses indicate estimated measurement. Abbreviations: C, cervical; D, dorsal." pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Tables 6–8</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[140,732,518,721]" box="[140,536,624,651]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Buffetaut and Taquet (1979, fig. 1)</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[140,732,518,721]" box="[140,437,659,686]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<bibRefCitation author="Ortega F &amp; Gasparini Z &amp; Buscalioni AD &amp; Calvo JO" box="[140,359,659,686]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="57 - 76" refId="ref46524" refString="Ortega F, Gasparini Z, Buscalioni AD, Calvo JO (2000) A new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 57 - 76." type="journal article" year="2000">Ortega et al. (2000</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 9)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[140,732,518,721]" box="[140,413,694,721]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<bibRefCitation author="Turner AH" box="[140,295,695,721]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="255 - 369" refId="ref47827" refString="Turner AH (2006) Osteology and phylogeny of a new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Historical Biology 18: 255 - 369." type="journal article" year="2006">Turner (2006</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 5–7)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="33.[140,1108,765,1672]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608868532" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCode="GDF700" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,260,765,791]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis box="[140,256,765,791]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
<typeStatus box="[140,256,765,791]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[270,366,766,792]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNHN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[377,484,765,791]" collectionCode="GDF" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">GDF700</specimenCode>
; snout composed of articulated upper and lower jaws and preserved to mid-orbit on the right side with several teeth preserving their crowns.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[140,1108,765,1672]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,343,835,861]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis box="[185,243,835,861]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">Type</emphasis>
locality.
</emphasis>
Gadoufaoua,
<collectingRegion box="[502,680,835,861]" country="Niger" name="Agadez" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Agadez District</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[690,754,835,861]" name="Niger" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Niger</collectingCountry>
Republic (more precise locality unknown) (Fig. 1A, C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[140,1108,765,1672]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,294,905,931]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis box="[185,288,905,931]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">Horizon</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Elrhaz Formation, Tegama Series; Lower Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian), ca. 110 Mya (
<bibRefCitation author="Taquet P" box="[295,446,941,968]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 191" refId="ref47707" refString="Taquet P (1976) Geologie et paleontologie du gisement de Gadoufaoua (Aptian du Niger). Cahiers de Paleontologie 1976: 1 - 191." type="journal article" year="1976">Taquet 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[140,1108,765,1672]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,398,976,1002]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis box="[185,286,976,1002]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">Referred</emphasis>
material.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[404,476,977,1003]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[483,550,976,1002]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">GAD</collectionCode>
19, nearly complete cranium lacking only portions of the left lacrimal and prefrontal, the palpebrals, and some of the teeth (Figs. 14–17, 19);
<collectionCode box="[194,266,1047,1073]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[275,340,1047,1073]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">GAD</collectionCode>
20, partial skeleton on block preserving the left side of the skull exposing the dentition in medial view and an articulated tail with dermal armor (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="49.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[180,1068,388,1428]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[165,1082,363,1453]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 20. Unworn dentition of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Detailed views of the anterior and middle portions of the tooth rows (MNN GAD20). A Left tooth rows in medial view. B Anterior portionof left tooth rows in medial view. C Middle portion of left tooth rows in medial view. Scale bar equals 1 cm in A and 5 mm in B and C. Abbreviations: ca, carina; d2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, dentary tooth 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16; m1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, maxillary tooth 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13; ne, neck; pm2–5, premaxillary tooth 2–5; rt, root." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768341/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
, 21, 25A);
<collectionCode box="[300,372,1118,1144]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[380,447,1117,1143]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">GAD</collectionCode>
21, partial skeleton on block preserving the ventral portion of the skull, an articulated partial forelimb, and an articulated tail with dermal armor (
<figureCitation box="[148,230,1187,1214]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="53.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[237,996,555,1491]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[212,1034,539,1509]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figure 24. Caudal skeleton of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Flexed, articulated tail showing paired dorsal osteoderm rows in dorsal view, lateral osteoderm row in lateral view and ventral osteoderm rows in ventral view (MNN GAD20). Scale bar equals 5 cm. Abbreviations: k, keel; l do, left dorsal osteoderm; l vo, left ventral osteoderm; r do, right dorsal osteoderm; r lo, right lateral osteoderm; r vo, right ventral osteoderm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768347/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[241,290,1187,1214]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="54.[140,212,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[209,1025,692,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[186,1060,674,1541]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figure 25. Forelimb bones of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. A Left humerus in anterior view (MNN GAD20). B Partial right forelimb in anterior view (MNN GAD21). Scale bars equal 2 cm. Abbreviations: dcon, distal condyles; dpc, deltopectoral crest; hd, head; mc1–3, metacarpal 1–3; ra, radius; rae, radiale; sh, shaft; ul, ulna; ule, ulnare." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768349/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">25B</figureCitation>
);
<collectionCode box="[311,383,1188,1214]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[390,455,1188,1214]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">GAD</collectionCode>
22, partial skeleton on block preserving the ventral portion of the skull, an articulated right manus and pes, a right calcaneum, and an articulated tail with dermal armor (
<figureCitation box="[408,491,1258,1285]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="55.[140,211,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[325,904,232,1518]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[311,937,212,1554]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figure 26. Manus and pes of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. A Right manus in dorsal view (MNN GAD22). B Right pes in dorsal view (MNN GAD22).Scale bar equals 1 cm in A and 2 cm in B. Abbreviations: I-V, digits I-V; mc1–5, metacarpal 1–5; mt1–4, metatarsal 1–4; ph, phalanx; un, ungual." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768351/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
);
<collectionCode box="[512,584,1258,1284]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[591,657,1258,1284]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">GAD</collectionCode>
23, isolated snout on block composed of articulated upper and lower jaws and preserved to mid-orbit on the right side;
<collectionCode box="[1035,1107,1294,1320]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[140,205,1328,1354]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">GAD</collectionCode>
24, isolated left maxilla on block preserving the dentition;
<collectionCode box="[851,923,1329,1355]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[930,996,1328,1355]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">GAD</collectionCode>
25, partial skeleton preserving the posterior ends of the lower jaws and most of the postcranial skeleton except the tail;
<collectionCode box="[364,436,1399,1425]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[443,508,1399,1425]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">GAD</collectionCode>
26, edentulous right dentary from a juvenile (Fig. 18).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[140,1108,765,1672]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
An exceptional series of specimens are preserved in close proximity on a single block of sandstone (
<collectionCode box="[296,369,1469,1495]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[377,440,1469,1495]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">GAD</collectionCode>
20–24) (
<figureCitation box="[536,619,1469,1495]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="52.[140,212,1014,1036]" captionTargetBox="[152,1095,202,956]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[140,1106,165,990]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figure 23. Block containing skeletons of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Three aligned and partially articulated skeletons (MNN GAD20–22) and a partial skull (MNN GAD23) in dorsal view. Weathered portions of the crania were restored based on MNN GAD19. Scale bar equals 20 cm. Abbreviations: cda, caudal dermal armor; ma, manus; pe, pes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768345/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Th ree individuals are fairly complete, partially articulated skeletons with their axial columns aligned side-by-side pointing in the same direction (
<collectionCode box="[315,388,1540,1566]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[394,459,1540,1566]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">GAD</collectionCode>
20–22). One of the three (
<collectionCode box="[746,819,1540,1566]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[825,889,1540,1566]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">GAD</collectionCode>
20) is slightly small- er than the other two. Also present are portions of at least two additional individuals, one represented by an articulated snout (
<collectionCode box="[536,609,1610,1636]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[614,679,1610,1636]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">GAD</collectionCode>
23) and the other by an isolated maxilla (
<collectionCode box="[148,221,1645,1671]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[228,294,1645,1671]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">GAD</collectionCode>
24). A minimum of five individuals thus are represented on the block.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<paragraph blockId="34.[140,1108,166,412]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,226,166,188]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Table 6.</emphasis>
Measurements and proportions of forelimb elements of
<taxonomicName box="[764,935,166,188]" class="Reptilia" family="Uruguaysuchidae" genus="Anatosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
<emphasis box="[764,935,166,188]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Anatosuchus minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNN GAD17),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[140,345,198,220]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[140,345,198,220]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Araripesuchus wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNN GAD21, GAD25),
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[615,829,198,220]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
<emphasis box="[615,829,198,220]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Alligator mississippiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FMNH 22027), and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Crocodylus johnstoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FMNH 223669). Measurements are from the left side in
<taxonomicName box="[831,912,230,252]" class="Reptilia" family="Uruguaysuchidae" genus="Anatosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
<emphasis box="[831,912,230,252]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[962,1065,230,252]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[962,1065,230,252]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and from an average of left and right sides in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[517,673,262,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
<emphasis box="[517,673,262,284]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A. mississippiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[720,829,262,283]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
<emphasis box="[720,829,262,283]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. johnstoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Measurements in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[1005,1107,262,284]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[1005,1107,262,284]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are based on two partial forelimbs with radii of identical length (MNN GAD21, GAD25); only one preserved the humerus (MNN GAD25). Estimated measurements for metacarpal 3 in
<taxonomicName box="[956,1038,326,348]" class="Reptilia" family="Uruguaysuchidae" genus="Anatosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
<emphasis box="[956,1038,326,348]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are based on measurements of metacarpal 1 and 2, the former approximately 15% shorter and the latter slightly longer than metacarpal 3 (
<bibRefCitation author="Mook CC" box="[545,659,390,412]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="67 - 100" refId="ref46380" refString="Mook CC (1921) Notes on the postcranial skeleton in the Crocodilia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 44: 67 - 100." type="journal article" year="1921">Mook 1921</bibRefCitation>
). Parentheses indicate estimated measurement.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<table box="[147,1100,441,808]" gridcols="5" gridrows="10" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<tr box="[147,1100,441,497]" gridrow="0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rowspan-0="1">
<th box="[404,555,441,497]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName box="[404,538,441,497]" class="Reptilia" family="Uruguaysuchidae" genus="Anatosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[404,538,441,497]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Anatosuchus minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th box="[577,737,441,497]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[577,729,441,497]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[577,729,441,497]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Araripesuchus wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th box="[752,919,441,497]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Alligator mississippiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th box="[957,1100,441,497]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName box="[957,1075,441,497]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[957,1075,441,497]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Crocodylus johnstoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1100,507,532]" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<th box="[147,1100,507,532]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,371,507,532]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Measurements (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1100,542,567]" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<th box="[147,364,542,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Humerus</th>
<td box="[404,555,542,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">80.8</td>
<td box="[577,737,542,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">66.0</td>
<td box="[752,919,542,567]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">187.8</td>
<td box="[957,1100,542,567]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">58.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1100,577,601]" gridrow="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<th box="[147,364,577,601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Radius</th>
<td box="[404,555,577,601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">69.3</td>
<td box="[577,737,577,601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">50.7</td>
<td box="[752,919,577,601]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">124.8</td>
<td box="[957,1100,577,601]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">37.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1100,611,636]" gridrow="4" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<th box="[147,364,611,636]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Radiale</th>
<td box="[404,555,611,636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">23.0</td>
<td box="[577,737,611,636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">20.4</td>
<td box="[752,919,611,636]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">35.2</td>
<td box="[957,1100,611,636]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">9.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1100,646,670]" gridrow="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<th box="[147,364,646,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Metacarpal 3</th>
<td box="[404,555,646,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">(15.0)</td>
<td box="[577,737,646,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">(13.0)</td>
<td box="[752,919,646,670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">45.7</td>
<td box="[957,1100,646,670]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">12.7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1100,680,704]" gridrow="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<th box="[147,1100,680,704]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,264,680,704]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ratios (%)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1100,715,739]" gridrow="7" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<th box="[147,364,715,739]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Radius/humerus</th>
<td box="[404,555,715,739]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">86%</td>
<td box="[577,737,715,739]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">77%</td>
<td box="[752,919,715,739]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">67%</td>
<td box="[957,1100,715,739]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">64%</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1100,749,773]" gridrow="8" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<th box="[147,364,749,773]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Radiale/radius</th>
<td box="[404,555,749,773]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">33%</td>
<td box="[577,737,749,773]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">40%</td>
<td box="[752,919,749,773]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">28%</td>
<td box="[957,1100,749,773]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">26%</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1100,783,808]" gridrow="9" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<th box="[147,364,783,808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Radiale/metacarpal 3</th>
<td box="[404,555,783,808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">153%</td>
<td box="[577,737,783,808]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">157%</td>
<td box="[752,919,783,808]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">77%</td>
<td box="[957,1100,783,808]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">76%</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="34.[140,1108,906,1672]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
The close proximity and alignment of the three best preserved skeletons and the presence of additional individuals on a small block is unusual. Portions of the three best preserved skeletons (
<collectionCode box="[424,498,976,1002]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[505,569,976,1002]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">GAD</collectionCode>
20–22) and the isolated snout (
<collectionCode box="[924,998,976,1002]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[1006,1072,976,1002]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">GAD</collectionCode>
23) have been lost to postmortem surface erosion and would have been more complete. Some postmortem disarticulation is evident in all three of the most complete specimens (
<collectionCode box="[214,288,1082,1108]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">MNN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[293,359,1082,1108]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">GAD</collectionCode>
20–22), although there is no obvious preferred direction or orientation to displaced elements. Th e strong curvature of the distal tail in three skeletons, in addition, is diffi cult to attribute to postmortem water transport, as the curvature in one of the skeletons opposes the curvature in the other two.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="34.[140,1108,906,1672]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,405,1222,1248]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis box="[185,277,1222,1248]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="1">Revised</emphasis>
diagnosis.
</emphasis>
Small-bodied metasuchian (&lt;1.0 m) characterized by an anterior premaxillary foramen anterior to the first premaxillary tooth; infratemporal bar of jugal with marginal fossa; supratemporal fossa with marked anteromedial corner; scalloped posterior margin of skull table with median process; reduction of the premaxillary palate to parasagittal shelves; median elliptical incisive foramen; dentary with prominent labial alveolar margin that obscures all alveoli in lateral view; caniniform (d4) to the largest crowns in the postcaniniform series (d13) with relatively low, mesiodistally broad (crown width 60–80% of crown height), denticulate crowns; and largest postcaniniform crowns with lingually deflected mesial carina and associated trough.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="34.[140,1108,906,1672]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,323,1539,1565]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis box="[185,318,1539,1565]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="1">Discussion</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The referred cranium (MNN GAD19; Figs. 14–17, 19) removes any doubt about the assignment of the African species to
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pol and Apesteguia" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[757,906,1575,1601]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[757,906,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Araripesuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the shape of the cranium and many of its structural details are close or identical with the
<typeStatus box="[974,1022,1610,1636]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName authority="(Price 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[140,527,1645,1672]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[140,375,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Araripesuchus gomesii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Price LI" box="[389,518,1645,1672]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref46760" refString="Price LI (1959) Sobre um crocodilideo notosuquio do Cretaceo brasileiro. Boletim Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia do Rio de Janeiro 188: 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1959">Price 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="35.[140,1107,1270,1324]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,755,1270,1292]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Figure |4. Skull of the crocodyliform
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[520,748,1270,1292]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[520,748,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Araripesuchus wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Cranium (MNN GAD19).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1019,1038,1270,1292]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A</emphasis>
Lateral view (reversed).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[290,307,1302,1324]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">B</emphasis>
Dorsal view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[432,451,1302,1324]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C</emphasis>
Ventral view. Scale bar equals
<quantity box="[732,782,1302,1324]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="35.[140,1108,1399,1671]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608868536" collectionCode="MNN, MNHN" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCode="GAD19, GDF700" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
Secondly, there is no doubt that cranium
<collectionCode box="[670,743,1399,1425]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">MNN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[752,845,1399,1425]" collectionCode="GAD" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">GAD19</specimenCode>
is correctly referred to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[140,265,1434,1460]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[140,265,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because there are many features it shares only with the
<typeStatus box="[902,1004,1434,1460]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">holotype</typeStatus>
, a partial snout (
<collectionCode box="[218,315,1469,1495]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">MNHN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[322,429,1469,1495]" collectionCode="GDF" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">GDF700</specimenCode>
; Buffetaut and Taquet 1979). It is approximately 90% of the size of the
<typeStatus box="[260,362,1504,1530]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">holotype</typeStatus>
, based on measurements of the snout. Both have five premaxillary teeth. Th e jugal in both specimens expands in depth toward its anterior end and has a shallow sculpted fossa under the orbit. Other shared features found thus far only in the
<typeStatus box="[140,239,1610,1636]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<collectionCode box="[294,367,1610,1636]" country="Niger" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx98-05bc" name="Musee National du Niger" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">MNN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[373,466,1610,1636]" collectionCode="GAD" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">GAD19</specimenCode>
include a premaxillary sinus, small posterior spine on the maxilla that projects into the antorbital fenestra, flat strap-shaped border between the
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="36.[140,1108,1270,1676]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,783,1270,1292]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Figure |5. Skull of the crocodyliform
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[545,777,1270,1292]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[545,777,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Araripesuchus wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Drawings matching the cranium (MNN GAD19) in Fig. 14.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[421,440,1302,1324]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A</emphasis>
Lateral view (reversed).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[678,695,1302,1324]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B</emphasis>
Dorsal view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[830,849,1302,1324]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C</emphasis>
Ventral view. Parallel lines indicate broken bone surface; dashed line indicates missing bone or tooth crown; grey tone indicates matrix. Scale bar equals
<quantity box="[361,411,1366,1388]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
. Abbreviations:
<emphasis box="[558,598,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">am3</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[610,634,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">14</emphasis>
, alveolus for maxillary tooth 3, 14;
<emphasis box="[961,1005,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">antfe</emphasis>
, antorbital fenestra;
<emphasis box="[223,269,1398,1419]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">antfo</emphasis>
, antorbital fossa;
<emphasis box="[430,473,1399,1420]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">apap</emphasis>
, articular surface for palpebral;
<emphasis box="[764,815,1399,1420]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">apm1</emphasis>
, alveolus for premaxillary tooth 1;
<emphasis box="[164,209,1430,1451]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">apmf</emphasis>
, anterior premaxillary foramen;
<emphasis box="[513,541,1431,1452]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">aqj</emphasis>
, articular surface for the quadratojugal;
<emphasis box="[917,936,1430,1451]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">be</emphasis>
, buccal emargination;
<emphasis box="[191,212,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">bo</emphasis>
, basioccipital;
<emphasis box="[352,369,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">bs</emphasis>
, basisphenoid;
<emphasis box="[516,534,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">bt</emphasis>
, basal tubera;
<emphasis box="[671,691,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ch</emphasis>
, choana;
<emphasis box="[782,812,1463,1484]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">cqp</emphasis>
, cranioquadrate passage;
<emphasis box="[1051,1067,1463,1484]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ec</emphasis>
, ectopterygoid;
<emphasis box="[259,278,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ef</emphasis>
, Eustachian foramen;
<emphasis box="[485,505,1495,1516]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">en</emphasis>
, external naris;
<emphasis box="[650,656,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">f</emphasis>
, frontal;
<emphasis box="[741,747,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">fl</emphasis>
, flange;
<emphasis box="[831,847,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">fo</emphasis>
, foramen;
<emphasis box="[947,971,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">gef</emphasis>
, groove for ear flap;
<emphasis box="[187,193,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">j</emphasis>
, jugal;
<emphasis box="[263,269,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">l</emphasis>
, lacrimal;
<emphasis box="[369,381,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">lf</emphasis>
, lacrimal foramen;
<emphasis box="[564,576,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ls</emphasis>
, laterosphenoid;
<emphasis box="[738,755,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">m</emphasis>
, maxilla;
<emphasis box="[848,902,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">m1, 3</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[915,927,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">7</emphasis>
, maxillary tooth 1, 3, 7;
<emphasis box="[188,200,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">n</emphasis>
, nasal;
<emphasis box="[271,299,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">nfo</emphasis>
, narial fossa;
<emphasis box="[425,443,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">oc</emphasis>
, occipital condyle;
<emphasis box="[624,641,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ot</emphasis>
, otoccipital;
<emphasis box="[763,774,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">p</emphasis>
, parietal;
<emphasis box="[866,883,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">pf</emphasis>
, prefrontal;
<emphasis box="[999,1016,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">pl</emphasis>
, palatine;
<emphasis box="[140,168,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">pm</emphasis>
, premaxilla;
<emphasis box="[288,352,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">pm3, 5</emphasis>
, premaxillary tooth 3, 5;
<emphasis box="[589,641,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">pmmf</emphasis>
, premaxilla-maxilla foramen;
<emphasis box="[918,938,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">po</emphasis>
, postorbital;
<emphasis box="[1062,1101,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">popr</emphasis>
, paroccipital process;
<emphasis box="[334,361,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">pos</emphasis>
, preotic siphonium;
<emphasis box="[557,575,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">pt</emphasis>
, pterygoid;
<emphasis box="[688,699,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">q</emphasis>
, quadrate;
<emphasis box="[806,823,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">qj</emphasis>
, quadratojugal;
<emphasis box="[976,991,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">se</emphasis>
, septum;
<emphasis box="[1084,1101,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">sq</emphasis>
, squamosal;
<emphasis box="[247,263,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">so</emphasis>
, supraoccipital;
<emphasis box="[416,438,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">sof</emphasis>
, suborbital fenestra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="37.[140,1108,167,369]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">choana and suborbital fenestra, and a V-shaped anterior margin of the choanae (Figs. 14, 15, 17). Finally, the fifth maxillary crown is preserved in both skulls and corresponds in detail regarding orientation, shape, and surface detail; the subcircular crown is angled posteroventrally, has a low short primary ridge near the crown apex laterally, has finely denticulate carinae, and has fine striations on the crown surface, some of which extend from the denticles.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="37.[140,1108,413,1672]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,350,413,439]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis box="[140,221,413,439]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="1">Dorsal</emphasis>
skull roof.
</emphasis>
The following abbreviate description is based primarily on the well preserved cranium MNN GAD19 (Figs. 14–17, 19, 22;
<tableCitation box="[767,849,448,475]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="38.[140,200,166,188]" captionText="Table 7. Dimensions (mm) of the referred cranium of Araripesuchus wegeneri (MNN GAD19). Paired" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Table 7</tableCitation>
) and a nearly complete dentition in skull MNN GAD20, which was hemisected by erosion (
<figureCitation box="[919,1012,483,510]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="49.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[180,1068,388,1428]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[165,1082,363,1453]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 20. Unworn dentition of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Detailed views of the anterior and middle portions of the tooth rows (MNN GAD20). A Left tooth rows in medial view. B Anterior portionof left tooth rows in medial view. C Middle portion of left tooth rows in medial view. Scale bar equals 1 cm in A and 5 mm in B and C. Abbreviations: ca, carina; d2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, dentary tooth 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16; m1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, maxillary tooth 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13; ne, neck; pm2–5, premaxillary tooth 2–5; rt, root." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768341/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
, 21).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="37.[140,1108,413,1672]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
The
<emphasis box="[234,347,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">premaxilla</emphasis>
exhibits many features important for determining phylogenetic position, the monophyly of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pol and Apesteguia" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[414,560,554,580]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[414,560,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Araripesuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the distinction of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[832,957,554,580]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[832,957,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Most of the external surface of the bone is smooth, except for the tip of the posterodorsal ramus (Figs. 14A, B, 15A, B, 16A). At the anterior tip of the premaxilla, an anterior premaxillary foramen is present and passes posterodorsally into the nasal passage (Fig. 16A). On the lateral aspect of the premaxilla, the posterior boundary of the narial fossa is indicated by an arcuate depression, posterior to which are located two large neurovascular foramina (posterior premaxillary foramina) and one smaller accessory foramen. One large foramen with a similar anteroventral groove has been described or shown in
<taxonomicName authority="(Price 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[997,1107,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. gomesii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Price LI" box="[147,274,835,862]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref46760" refString="Price LI (1959) Sobre um crocodilideo notosuquio do Cretaceo brasileiro. Boletim Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia do Rio de Janeiro 188: 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1959">Price 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(also AMNH 24450),
<taxonomicName authority="(Ortega et al. 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Ortega" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[555,957,835,862]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis box="[555,714,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. patagonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Ortega F &amp; Gasparini Z &amp; Buscalioni AD &amp; Calvo JO" box="[732,949,835,862]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="57 - 76" refId="ref46524" refString="Ortega F, Gasparini Z, Buscalioni AD, Calvo JO (2000) A new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 57 - 76." type="journal article" year="2000">Ortega et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="(Turner 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Turner" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsangatsangana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. tsangatsangana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Turner AH" box="[274,422,871,898]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="255 - 369" refId="ref47827" refString="Turner AH (2006) Osteology and phylogeny of a new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Historical Biology 18: 255 - 369." type="journal article" year="2006">Turner 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Posterior to these foramina is located the larger premaxillamaxilla foramen, which opens between these bones and extends ventrally to the alveolar margin as a narrow slit (Fig. 16A). In cross-section the body of the premaxilla posterior to the external nares is hollow (Fig. 17A), a highly unusual feature that is at least partially responsible for the inflated appearance of the premaxilla (Fig. 16A). Th is space, a premaxillary sinus, is also visible on the
<typeStatus box="[547,648,1047,1073]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">holotype</typeStatus>
, the cavity filled with matrix and exposed by erosion (MNHN GDF700). In the scan of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[656,779,1082,1108]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[656,779,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in an acid-prepared skull of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[168,276,1117,1143]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[168,276,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. gomesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 24450;
<bibRefCitation author="Hecht M" box="[474,610,1117,1143]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="342 - 347" refId="ref45776" refString="Hecht M (1991) Araripesuchus Price, 1959. In: Maisey JG (Ed) Santana fossils: An illustrated atlas. T. F. H. Publications, Neptune, New Jersey, 342 - 347." type="book chapter" year="1991">Hecht 1991</bibRefCitation>
), the canal of the premaxilla-maxilla foramen appears to have an anterior diverticulum that may pneumatize the premaxilla. The scan also shows that the pair of large lateral foramina on the body of the premaxilla anterior to the premaxilla-maxilla foramen also communicate with the premaxillary sinus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="37.[140,1108,413,1672]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
The external surface of the
<emphasis box="[497,579,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">maxilla</emphasis>
is textured, except for a smooth surface along the arched, ventral alveolar margin dorsal to the postcaniniform teeth (Figs. 14A, 15A, 16A). Th e root of the caniniform tooth fills the swelling at the anterior end of the maxilla. Th e maxilla extends posteriorly to form the anterior margin of the antorbital fenestra and fossa. Above the fossa, a narrow prong of the maxilla contacts the prefrontal, separating the nasal and lacrimal. Th is is a sutural configuration present in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Turner" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsangatsangana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. tsangatsangana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but absent in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[473,586,1469,1495]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[473,586,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. gomesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="(Turner 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Turner" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[646,982,1469,1496]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis box="[646,806,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. patagonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Turner AH" box="[823,974,1469,1496]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="255 - 369" refId="ref47827" refString="Turner AH (2006) Osteology and phylogeny of a new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Historical Biology 18: 255 - 369." type="journal article" year="2006">Turner 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, where the nasal contacts the lacrimal separating the maxilla and prefrontal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="37.[140,1108,413,1672]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
The
<emphasis box="[238,294,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">nasal</emphasis>
is textured most deeply with circular pits in its mid-section and has a more elevated median nasal bridge than in other species (Figs. 14B, 15B). The nasalfrontal suture is interdigitated as in
<taxonomicName authority="(Price 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[541,798,1610,1637]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[541,652,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. gomesii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Price LI" box="[666,791,1610,1637]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref46760" refString="Price LI (1959) Sobre um crocodilideo notosuquio do Cretaceo brasileiro. Boletim Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia do Rio de Janeiro 188: 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1959">Price 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="(Ortega et al. 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Ortega" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis box="[855,1013,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. patagonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Ortega F &amp; Gasparini Z &amp; Buscalioni AD &amp; Calvo JO" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="57 - 76" refId="ref46524" refString="Ortega F, Gasparini Z, Buscalioni AD, Calvo JO (2000) A new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 57 - 76." type="journal article" year="2000">Ortega et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, a sutural configuration present in juveniles of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[793,904,1645,1671]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[793,904,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. gomesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 24450).
</paragraph>
<caption box="[140,1107,166,188]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<paragraph blockId="38.[140,1107,166,220]" box="[140,1107,166,188]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,228,166,188]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Table 7.</emphasis>
Dimensions (mm) of the referred cranium of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[666,871,166,188]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[666,871,166,188]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Araripesuchus wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNN GAD19). Paired
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="38.[140,1107,166,220]" box="[140,617,198,220]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">structures measured on left side except as indicated.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<table box="[147,1101,249,1170]" colsContinueFrom="26.[147,1100,608,1666]" colsContinueIn="42.[147,1101,312,1630]" gridcols="3" gridrows="26" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<tr box="[147,1101,249,273]" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<th box="[147,319,249,273]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,293,249,273]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Structure</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[353,978,249,273]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[603,750,249,273]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Measurement</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1019,1101,249,273]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1019,1096,249,273]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Length</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,284,308]" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,284,308]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cranium, maximum length (premaxilla to quadrate condyle)</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,284,308]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">127.3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,318,343]" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,318,343]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cranium, maximum length (premaxilla to supraoccipital)</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,318,343]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">121.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,353,377]" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,353,377]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cranium, width across posterior tip of squamosals</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,353,377]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">50.4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,387,411]" gridrow="4" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,387,411]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cranium, width across quadrate condyles</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,387,411]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">69.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,422,446]" gridrow="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,422,446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Snout, maximum transverse width (at caniniform tooth)</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,422,446]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">35.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,456,480]" gridrow="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,456,480]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">External naris, dorsoventral height</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,456,480]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">7.7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,491,515]" gridrow="7" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,491,515]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">External nares, transverse width</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,491,515]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">13.3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,525,549]" gridrow="8" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,525,549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Narial fossa, maximum transverse width</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,525,549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">23.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,560,584]" gridrow="9" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,560,584]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Antorbital fossa length</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,560,584]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">8.4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,594,618]" gridrow="10" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,594,618]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Antorbital fenestra length</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,594,618]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">4.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,628,653]" gridrow="11" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<th box="[147,319,628,653]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Dorsal skull roof</th>
<td box="[353,978,628,653]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Antorbital fenestra, maximum height</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,628,653]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">3.1</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,663,687]" gridrow="12" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,663,687]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Interorbital skull roof, minimum width</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,663,687]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">15.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,697,722]" gridrow="13" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,697,722]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Orbital anteroposterior diameter</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,697,722]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">32.4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,730,756]" gridrow="14" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,730,756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Orbital dorsomedial-ventrolateral diameter</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,730,756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">30.01</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,766,790]" gridrow="15" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,766,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Jugal orbital ramus, depth at mid-length</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,766,790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">7.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,801,825]" gridrow="16" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,801,825]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Jugal lower temporal bar, minimum depth</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,801,825]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">4.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,835,859]" gridrow="17" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,835,859]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Postorbital bar, minimum anteroposterior diameter</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,835,859]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,870,894]" gridrow="18" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,870,894]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Laterotemporal fenestra length</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,870,894]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">19.3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,904,928]" gridrow="19" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,904,928]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Laterotemporal fenestra depth</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,904,928]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">10.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,939,963]" gridrow="20" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,939,963]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Supratemporal fossa, anteroposterior length</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,939,963]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">19.4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,971,997]" gridrow="21" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,971,997]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Supratemporal fossa, transverse width</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,971,997]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">16.41</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1007,1032]" gridrow="22" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,1007,1032]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Quadrate condyles, transverse width</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,1007,1032]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">14.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1042,1066]" gridrow="23" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<th box="[147,319,1042,1066]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Palate</th>
<td box="[353,978,1042,1066]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pterygoid mandibular processes, maximum transverse width</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,1042,1066]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">51.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1076,1100]" gridrow="24" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[353,978,1076,1100]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Choana, maximum anteroposterior length</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,1076,1100]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">20.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1111,1170]" gridrow="25" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<th box="[147,319,1111,1170]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Braincase</th>
<td box="[353,978,1111,1170]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Foramen magnum, maximum transverse width Foramen magnum, maximum dorsoventral depth</td>
<td box="[1019,1101,1111,1170]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">9.4 6.0</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="38.[140,424,1191,1214]" box="[140,424,1191,1214]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<tableNote box="[140,424,1191,1214]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[147,1101,249,1170]" targetPageId="38">
<superScript attach="right" box="[140,147,1191,1203]" fontSize="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">1</superScript>
Measurement from right side.
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="38.[140,1108,1293,1672]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
The nasal-frontal suture shows less interdigitation in
<taxonomicName authority="(Turner 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Turner" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[735,1103,1293,1320]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsangatsangana">
<emphasis box="[735,931,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A. tsangatsangana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Turner AH" box="[945,1095,1293,1320]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="255 - 369" refId="ref47827" refString="Turner AH (2006) Osteology and phylogeny of a new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Historical Biology 18: 255 - 369." type="journal article" year="2006">Turner 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and the frontal has a narrow anteromedian process in
<taxonomicName authority="(Pol and Apesteguia 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Pol and Apesteguia" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buitreraensis">
<emphasis box="[761,930,1328,1355]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A. buitreraensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pol D &amp; Apesteguia S" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref46568" refString="Pol D, Apesteguia S (2005) New Araripesuchus remains from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Patagonia. American Museum Novitates 3490: 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2005">Pol and Apesteguia 2005</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="38.[140,1108,1293,1672]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
The L-shaped
<emphasis box="[346,434,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">lacrimal</emphasis>
forms nearly all of the smooth surface of the antorbital fossa, which has subequal margins posterior and ventral to the antorbital fenestra as in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A. gomesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs. 14A, 15A). Th e narrow continuation of the smooth margin of the fossa extends around the anterior corner of the antorbital fenestra and along the ventral margin of a posterior prong of the maxilla that partially divides the fenestra. None of the other species of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pol and Apesteguia" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[319,464,1575,1601]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[319,464,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Araripesuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a similar maxillary prong. In both
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[916,1026,1575,1601]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[916,1026,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A. gomesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="(Ortega et al. 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Ortega" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A. patagonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Ortega F &amp; Gasparini Z &amp; Buscalioni AD &amp; Calvo JO" box="[276,479,1610,1636]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="57 - 76" refId="ref46524" refString="Ortega F, Gasparini Z, Buscalioni AD, Calvo JO (2000) A new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 57 - 76." type="journal article" year="2000">Ortega et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, the antorbital fossa is approximately twice the size of the opening in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[267,389,1645,1671]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[267,389,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
relative to the orbit and does not appear to change much in rela-
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="39.[140,1108,1398,1676]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,752,1398,1420]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Figure |6. Skull of the crocodyliform
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[518,745,1398,1420]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[518,745,1398,1420]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Araripesuchus wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Detailed views of the cranium (MNN GAD19).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[234,253,1430,1452]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
Snout margin in anterolateral view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[584,601,1430,1452]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B</emphasis>
Posterior portion of the skull in left lateral view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1045,1064,1430,1452]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C</emphasis>
Posterior palate in ventral view. Scale bars equal
<quantity box="[549,598,1463,1484]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
. Abbreviations:
<emphasis box="[744,787,1463,1484]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">apap</emphasis>
, articular surface for the palpebral;
<emphasis box="[140,185,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">apmf</emphasis>
, anterior premaxillary foramen;
<emphasis box="[494,513,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">be</emphasis>
, buccal emargination;
<emphasis box="[731,761,1495,1516]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">cqp</emphasis>
, cranioquadrate passage;
<emphasis box="[1002,1022,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">ch</emphasis>
, choana;
<emphasis box="[140,156,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">ec</emphasis>
, ectopterygoid;
<emphasis box="[309,325,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">fo</emphasis>
, foramen;
<emphasis box="[428,454,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">fov</emphasis>
, fenestra ovalis;
<emphasis box="[610,634,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">gef</emphasis>
, groove for the ear flange;
<emphasis box="[887,893,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">j</emphasis>
, jugal;
<emphasis box="[964,999,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">pm,</emphasis>
premaxilla;
<emphasis box="[140,157,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">qj</emphasis>
, quadratojugal;
<emphasis box="[313,330,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">m</emphasis>
, maxilla;
<emphasis box="[426,455,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">m3</emphasis>
, maxillary tooth 3;
<emphasis box="[648,683,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">mco</emphasis>
, medial condyle;
<emphasis box="[854,866,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
, nasal;
<emphasis box="[940,958,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">nf</emphasis>
, narial fossa;
<emphasis box="[1091,1102,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">p</emphasis>
, parietal;
<emphasis box="[220,237,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">pl</emphasis>
, palatine;
<emphasis box="[334,362,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">pm</emphasis>
, premaxilla;
<emphasis box="[482,546,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">pm3, 5</emphasis>
, premaxillary tooth 3, 5;
<emphasis box="[784,836,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">pmmf</emphasis>
, premaxilla-maxilla foramen;
<emphasis box="[140,160,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">po</emphasis>
, postorbital;
<emphasis box="[282,309,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">pos</emphasis>
, preotic siphonium;
<emphasis box="[499,544,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">ppmf</emphasis>
, posterior premaxillary foramen;
<emphasis box="[851,869,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">pt</emphasis>
, pterygoid;
<emphasis box="[979,1008,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">ptfl</emphasis>
, pterygoid flange;
<emphasis box="[207,218,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">q</emphasis>
, quadrate;
<emphasis box="[323,338,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">se</emphasis>
, septum;
<emphasis box="[429,459,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">sof,</emphasis>
suborbital fenestra;
<emphasis box="[646,663,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">sq</emphasis>
, squamosal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="40.[140,1108,1398,1644]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,784,1398,1420]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Figure |7. Skull of the crocodyliform
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[546,778,1398,1420]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[546,778,1398,1420]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Araripesuchus wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Computed-tomographic cutaway views of the cranium (MNN GAD19).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[513,532,1430,1452]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
Snout posterior to the external nares in anterior view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1045,1062,1430,1452]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
Posterior portion of the skull in anterior view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[548,567,1462,1484]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
Cranium in sagittal section near midline. Scale bar for A and B equals
<quantity box="[269,320,1495,1516]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
; scale bar for C equals
<quantity box="[543,594,1495,1516]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
. Abbreviations:
<emphasis box="[746,766,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">ch</emphasis>
, choana;
<emphasis box="[859,875,1495,1516]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">cr</emphasis>
, crest;
<emphasis box="[944,960,1495,1516]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">ec</emphasis>
, ectopterygoid;
<emphasis box="[140,172,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Euc</emphasis>
, Eustachian canal;
<emphasis box="[354,368,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">f,</emphasis>
frontal;
<emphasis box="[448,472,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">fm</emphasis>
, foramen magnum;
<emphasis box="[665,671,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">j</emphasis>
, jugal;
<emphasis box="[742,765,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">lu,</emphasis>
lumen;
<emphasis box="[845,862,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">m</emphasis>
, maxilla;
<emphasis box="[954,1009,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">m3, 7</emphasis>
, maxillary tooth 3, 7;
<emphasis box="[247,259,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">n</emphasis>
, nasal;
<emphasis box="[331,354,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">np</emphasis>
, narial passage;
<emphasis box="[506,523,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">pl</emphasis>
, palatine;
<emphasis box="[622,650,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">pm</emphasis>
, premaxilla;
<emphasis box="[773,838,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">pm3, 5</emphasis>
, premaxillary tooth 3, 5;
<emphasis box="[1081,1101,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">po</emphasis>
, postorbital;
<emphasis box="[252,291,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">popr</emphasis>
, paroccipital process;
<emphasis box="[496,521,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">prf</emphasis>
, prefrontal;
<emphasis box="[637,655,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">pt</emphasis>
, pterygoid;
<emphasis box="[767,796,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">ptfl</emphasis>
, pterygoid flange;
<emphasis box="[971,982,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">q</emphasis>
, quadrate;
<emphasis box="[1087,1102,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">se</emphasis>
, septum;
<emphasis box="[220,237,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">sq</emphasis>
, squamosal;
<emphasis box="[357,367,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">v</emphasis>
, vomer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="41.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
tive size after reaching subadult size in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[560,667,167,193]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[560,667,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. gomesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Price LI" box="[680,803,166,193]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref46760" refString="Price LI (1959) Sobre um crocodilideo notosuquio do Cretaceo brasileiro. Boletim Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia do Rio de Janeiro 188: 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1959">Price 1959</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Hecht M" box="[813,950,167,193]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="342 - 347" refId="ref45776" refString="Hecht M (1991) Araripesuchus Price, 1959. In: Maisey JG (Ed) Santana fossils: An illustrated atlas. T. F. H. Publications, Neptune, New Jersey, 342 - 347." type="book chapter" year="1991">Hecht 1991</bibRefCitation>
). The opening is proportionately largest in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Turner" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[447,637,202,228]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsangatsangana">
<emphasis box="[447,637,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. tsangatsangana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and appears to lack any smooth surface attributable to an antorbital fossa (
<bibRefCitation author="Turner AH" box="[496,642,237,264]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="255 - 369" refId="ref47827" refString="Turner AH (2006) Osteology and phylogeny of a new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Historical Biology 18: 255 - 369." type="journal article" year="2006">Turner 2006</bibRefCitation>
). A prominent knob and ridge are situated on the lacrimal dorsal to the fossa and are continuous posteriorly with the edge of a large anterior palpebral. Th e lacrimal foramen is located ventral to this knob within the orbit.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="41.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
The anterior and posterior
<emphasis box="[496,603,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">palpebrals</emphasis>
are missing in cranium MNN GAD19, exposing articular fossae on the lacrimal and
<emphasis box="[625,730,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">prefrontal</emphasis>
anteriorly and on the postorbital posteriorly (Figs. 14B, 15B). Disarticulated palpebrals have been discovered on the large block (
<figureCitation box="[281,367,448,474]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="52.[140,212,1014,1036]" captionTargetBox="[152,1095,202,956]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[140,1106,165,990]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figure 23. Block containing skeletons of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Three aligned and partially articulated skeletons (MNN GAD20–22) and a partial skull (MNN GAD23) in dorsal view. Weathered portions of the crania were restored based on MNN GAD19. Scale bar equals 20 cm. Abbreviations: cda, caudal dermal armor; ma, manus; pe, pes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768345/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[422,549,449,475]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[422,549,449,475]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the interdigitating prefrontal-frontal suture contrasts with the broad scarf joint described in
<taxonomicName authority="(Turner 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Turner" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[671,1050,483,510]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsangatsangana">
<emphasis box="[671,870,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. tsangatsangana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Turner AH" box="[888,1041,483,510]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="255 - 369" refId="ref47827" refString="Turner AH (2006) Osteology and phylogeny of a new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Historical Biology 18: 255 - 369." type="journal article" year="2006">Turner 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The prefrontal pillar is anteroposteriorly flattened and angles ventromedially and slightly posteriorly, tapering strongly from the skull roof to the palate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="41.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
The
<emphasis box="[235,306,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">frontal</emphasis>
and
<emphasis box="[362,443,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">parietal</emphasis>
are fused to their opposites and join each other by an interdigitating frontoparietal suture. Th e frontals have a distinct median crest, and the parietal skull table between the supratemporal fossae is noticeably narrower than in other species of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pol and Apesteguia" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[172,318,695,721]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[172,318,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Araripesuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[369,495,695,721]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[369,495,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a parasagittal line extending along the orbital margin passes across the supratemporal fossa rather than along its lateral rim as in other species (Figs. 14B, 15B). Th e frontal enters the supratemporal fossa to a greater degree than in other species of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pol and Apesteguia" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[316,462,800,826]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[316,462,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Araripesuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, reaching the inner margin of the fossa in dorsal view. The rim of the fossa in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[353,478,836,862]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[353,478,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has a marked anteromedial corner with parasagittal and transverse edges, whereas in other species the rim of the fossa is nearly uniformly curved. Th e posterior margin of the skull table in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[688,812,906,932]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[688,812,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is scalloped to each side of the supraoccipital, differing from the nearly straight posterior margin in other species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="41.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
The
<emphasis box="[237,350,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">postorbital</emphasis>
is notched by an articular facet for a small posterior palpebral, as in other species of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pol and Apesteguia" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[365,514,1011,1037]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[365,514,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Araripesuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and most stem crocodyliforms. Th e surface of the postorbital between this facet and the supratemporal fossa varies, remaining textured with pits in some species, such as
<taxonomicName authority="(Price 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[511,766,1082,1109]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[511,621,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. gomesii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Price LI" box="[634,758,1082,1109]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref46760" refString="Price LI (1959) Sobre um crocodilideo notosuquio do Cretaceo brasileiro. Boletim Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia do Rio de Janeiro 188: 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1959">Price 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="(Turner 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Turner" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsangatsangana">
<emphasis box="[820,1015,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. tsangatsangana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Turner AH" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="255 - 369" refId="ref47827" refString="Turner AH (2006) Osteology and phylogeny of a new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Historical Biology 18: 255 - 369." type="journal article" year="2006">Turner 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and smooth in others such as
<taxonomicName authority="(Ortega et al. 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Ortega" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[552,941,1117,1144]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis box="[552,709,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. patagonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Ortega F &amp; Gasparini Z &amp; Buscalioni AD &amp; Calvo JO" box="[723,933,1117,1144]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="57 - 76" refId="ref46524" refString="Ortega F, Gasparini Z, Buscalioni AD, Calvo JO (2000) A new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 57 - 76." type="journal article" year="2000">Ortega et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[983,1107,1117,1143]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[983,1107,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
this surface is smooth and convex (Figs. 14B, 15B) rather than flat with a sharp medial and lateral rims as in many protosuchians and neosuchians.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="41.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
The
<emphasis box="[238,348,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">squamosal</emphasis>
is distinctly triradiate in dorsal view in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[820,948,1223,1249]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[820,948,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and all other species except
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[304,416,1258,1284]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[304,416,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. gomesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The difference lies in the length and orientation of the posterior process, which has more subdued pitting and is offset below the skull table. The posterior process appears to be both shorter and angled more steeply posteroventrally in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[170,282,1364,1390]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[170,282,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. gomesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such that it appears to be of negligible length in dorsal view of the skull (
<bibRefCitation author="Price LI" box="[147,275,1398,1425]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref46760" refString="Price LI (1959) Sobre um crocodilideo notosuquio do Cretaceo brasileiro. Boletim Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia do Rio de Janeiro 188: 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1959">Price 1959</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Hecht M" box="[289,432,1399,1425]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="342 - 347" refId="ref45776" refString="Hecht M (1991) Araripesuchus Price, 1959. In: Maisey JG (Ed) Santana fossils: An illustrated atlas. T. F. H. Publications, Neptune, New Jersey, 342 - 347." type="book chapter" year="1991">Hecht 1991</bibRefCitation>
). Th e pitted dorsal surface of the squamosal in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[980,1107,1399,1425]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[980,1107,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an L-shaped fossa where the pitted texture is depressed, a condition more strongly expressed in
<taxonomicName authority="(Buckley et al. 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Buckley" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[283,653,1469,1496]" class="Reptilia" family="Chimaerasuchidae" genus="Simosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[283,406,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Simosuchus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Buckley GA &amp; Brochu CA &amp; Krause DW &amp; Pol D" box="[421,645,1469,1496]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="941 - 944" refId="ref44856" refString="Buckley GA, Brochu CA, Krause DW, Pol D (2000) A pug-nosed crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Nature 405: 941 - 944." type="journal article" year="2000">Buckley et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="41.[140,1108,166,1672]" lastBlockId="43.[140,1108,166,510]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
The anterior ramus of the
<emphasis box="[487,540,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">jugal</emphasis>
extends as a broad process as far anteriorly as the lacrimal, approaching the border of the antorbital fossa with a narrow fingerlike process. The anterior ramus is not as deep or extended anteriorly in either
<taxonomicName authority="(Ortega et al. 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Ortega" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis box="[859,1014,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. patagonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Ortega F &amp; Gasparini Z &amp; Buscalioni AD &amp; Calvo JO" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="57 - 76" refId="ref46524" refString="Ortega F, Gasparini Z, Buscalioni AD, Calvo JO (2000) A new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 57 - 76." type="journal article" year="2000">Ortega et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName authority="(Turner 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Turner" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[316,688,1610,1637]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsangatsangana">
<emphasis box="[316,513,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. tsangatsangana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Turner AH" box="[530,681,1610,1637]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="255 - 369" refId="ref47827" refString="Turner AH (2006) Osteology and phylogeny of a new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Historical Biology 18: 255 - 369." type="journal article" year="2006">Turner 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The base of the smooth rod-shaped dorsal ramus, which is inset from the textured body of the jugal and pierced by a si- phonal foramen, is situated on the posterior one-half of the jugal (Figs. 14A, 15A). The posterior ramus of the jugal is distinctive. As in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[675,785,202,228]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[675,785,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. gomesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but unlike other species, the ramus tapers to a point below the posterior corner of the laterotemporal fenestra rather than at mid-length along the infratemporal bar. Unique to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[794,917,273,299]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[794,917,273,299]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a marginal fossa with reduced texture is present along the dorsal margin of the posterior ramus.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<paragraph blockId="42.[140,1108,166,284]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,226,166,188]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Table 8.</emphasis>
Dimensions (mm) of the skulls and postcranial bones of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[779,985,166,188]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[779,985,166,188]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Araripesuchus wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
preserved in proximity on a block of matrix (MNN GAD20–22). Measurements are taken from the left side except as indicated. Ungual length is measured along longest chord from base to tip. Parentheses indicate estimated measurement. Abbreviations:
<emphasis box="[415,431,262,283]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
, cervical;
<emphasis box="[524,542,263,284]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
, dorsal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<table box="[147,1101,312,1630]" colsContinueFrom="38.[147,1101,249,1170]" colsContinueIn="67.[147,1101,249,1410]" gridcols="3" gridrows="39" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<tr box="[147,1101,312,336]" gridrow="0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<th box="[147,321,312,336]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,298,312,336]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Structure</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[363,939,312,336]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[580,727,312,336]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Measurement</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[992,1101,312,336]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[992,1069,312,336]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Length</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,345,369]" gridrow="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,345,369]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">MNN GAD20, length (premaxilla to quadrate condyle)</td>
<td box="[992,1101,345,369]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">111.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,377,401]" gridrow="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<th box="[147,321,377,401]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cranium</th>
<td box="[363,939,377,401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">MNN GAD21, “ “</td>
<td box="[992,1101,377,401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(122.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,410,434]" gridrow="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,410,434]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">MNN GAD22, “ “</td>
<td box="[992,1101,410,434]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(130.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,442,466]" gridrow="4" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,442,466]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Atlas to tip of tail length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,442,466]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(600.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,474,498]" gridrow="5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<th box="[147,321,474,498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Axial column</th>
<td box="[363,939,474,498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Dorsal vertebrae (D1–15) length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,474,498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(190.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,506,531]" gridrow="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<th box="[147,321,506,531]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(MNN GAD20)</th>
<td box="[363,939,506,531]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tail length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,506,531]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(300.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,539,563]" gridrow="7" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,539,563]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Osteoderm pair (dorsal) at base of tail, width</td>
<td box="[992,1101,539,563]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">34.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,571,595]" gridrow="8" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,571,595]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Radius length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,571,595]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">50.7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,603,628]" gridrow="9" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<th box="[147,321,603,628]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Forelimb</th>
<td box="[363,939,603,628]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Radiale length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,603,628]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">20.4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,636,660]" gridrow="10" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<th box="[147,321,636,660]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(MNN GAD21)</th>
<td box="[363,939,636,660]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Metacarpal 1 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,636,660]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">10.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,668,692]" gridrow="11" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,668,692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Metacarpal 2 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,668,692]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">14.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,700,725]" gridrow="12" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,700,725]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Metacarpal 3 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,700,725]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(15.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,733,757]" gridrow="13" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,733,757]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Metacarpal 4 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,733,757]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">14.7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,765,789]" gridrow="14" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,765,789]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Metacarpal 5 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,765,789]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">12.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,797,822]" gridrow="15" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,797,822]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx II-2 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,797,822]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">6.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,830,854]" gridrow="16" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,830,854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx II-3 (ungual) length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,830,854]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">10.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,862,951]" gridrow="17" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<th box="[147,321,862,951]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Manus1 (MNN GAD22)</th>
<td box="[363,939,862,951]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx III-1 length Phalanx III-2 length Phalanx III-3 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,862,951]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">6.4 4.5 4.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,959,983]" gridrow="18" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,959,983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx III-4 (ungual) length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,959,983]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">8.4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,991,1016]" gridrow="19" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,991,1016]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx IV-1 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,991,1016]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">6.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1024,1048]" gridrow="20" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1024,1048]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx IV-2 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1024,1048]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">4.4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1056,1080]" gridrow="21" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1056,1080]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx V-1 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1056,1080]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">6.1</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1088,1113]" gridrow="22" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1088,1113]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx V-2 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1088,1113]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">3.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1121,1145]" gridrow="23" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1121,1145]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Metatarsal 1 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1121,1145]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">32.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1153,1177]" gridrow="24" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1153,1177]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Metatarsal 2 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1153,1177]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">38.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1185,1210]" gridrow="25" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1185,1210]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Metatarsal 3 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1185,1210]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">40.7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1218,1242]" gridrow="26" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1218,1242]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Metatarsal 4 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1218,1242]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">35.4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1250,1274]" gridrow="27" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1250,1274]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx I-1 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1250,1274]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">10.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1282,1307]" gridrow="28" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1282,1307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx I-2 (ungual) length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1282,1307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">9.4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1315,1339]" gridrow="29" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1315,1339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx II-1 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1315,1339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">12.4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1347,1371]" gridrow="30" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<th box="[147,321,1347,1371]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pes</th>
<td box="[363,939,1347,1371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx II-2 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1347,1371]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">7.7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1379,1403]" gridrow="31" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<th box="[147,321,1379,1403]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(MNN GAD22)</th>
<td box="[363,939,1379,1403]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx II-3 (ungual) length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1379,1403]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">8.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1411,1436]" gridrow="32" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1411,1436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx III-1 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1411,1436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">12.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1444,1468]" gridrow="33" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1444,1468]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx III-2 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1444,1468]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">8.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1476,1500]" gridrow="34" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1476,1500]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx III-3 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1476,1500]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">7.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1509,1533]" gridrow="35" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1509,1533]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx III-4 (ungual) length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1509,1533]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">7.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1541,1565]" gridrow="36" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1541,1565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx IV-1 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1541,1565]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">11.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1573,1597]" gridrow="37" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1573,1597]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx IV-2 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1573,1597]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">6.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[147,1101,1605,1630]" gridrow="38" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[363,939,1605,1630]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phalanx IV-3 length</td>
<td box="[992,1101,1605,1630]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">6.5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="42.[140,248,1651,1673]" box="[140,248,1651,1673]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<tableNote box="[140,248,1651,1673]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[147,1101,312,1630]" targetPageId="42">
<superScript attach="right" box="[140,147,1651,1663]" fontSize="5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">1</superScript>
Right side.
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="43.[140,1108,166,510]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
The L-shaped
<emphasis box="[348,499,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">quadratojugal</emphasis>
has an inset articular facet for the posterior ramus of the jugal. Th e quadratojugal-quadrate contact adjacent to the condyles and along the shaft is an interdigitating suture. Texturing of the external surface of the quadratojugal is limited to the posteroventral corner, where the bone approaches, but does not contribute to, the articular surface for the lower jaw.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="43.[140,1108,554,1672]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,220,554,580]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis box="[140,215,554,580]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="1">Palate</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The configuration of the anterior palate in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[711,836,554,580]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[711,836,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unusual compared to that in
<taxonomicName authority="(Price 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[222,480,589,616]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[222,333,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. gomesii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Price LI" box="[347,473,589,616]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref46760" refString="Price LI (1959) Sobre um crocodilideo notosuquio do Cretaceo brasileiro. Boletim Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia do Rio de Janeiro 188: 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1959">Price 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and other basal metasuchians. The premaxillary contribution is limited to the periphery of the anterior palate adjacent to the alveolar margin. Opposing premaxillae have very little contact on the palate. Th ey join in the midline only anterior and posterior to an elliptical incisive foramen (Figs. 14C, 15C). Most of the palate between the premaxillary tooth rows is formed by the maxillae. A pit for reception of the tip of the dentary caniniform is present at the premaxilla-maxilla suture medial to the premaxilla-maxilla foramen. Th e tip of the dentary caniniform in this location can be seen in the articulated dentition of MNN GAD20 (
<figureCitation box="[904,1007,835,862]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="49.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[180,1068,388,1428]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[165,1082,363,1453]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 20. Unworn dentition of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Detailed views of the anterior and middle portions of the tooth rows (MNN GAD20). A Left tooth rows in medial view. B Anterior portionof left tooth rows in medial view. C Middle portion of left tooth rows in medial view. Scale bar equals 1 cm in A and 5 mm in B and C. Abbreviations: ca, carina; d2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, dentary tooth 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16; m1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, maxillary tooth 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13; ne, neck; pm2–5, premaxillary tooth 2–5; rt, root." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768341/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="43.[140,1108,554,1672]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
The configuration of the remainder of the palate, including the
<emphasis box="[902,990,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">palatine</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ectopterygoid</emphasis>
and
<emphasis box="[246,344,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">pterygoid</emphasis>
, is quite similar to that in
<taxonomicName authority="(Price 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[661,926,906,933]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[661,774,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. gomesii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Price LI" box="[790,918,906,933]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref46760" refString="Price LI (1959) Sobre um crocodilideo notosuquio do Cretaceo brasileiro. Boletim Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia do Rio de Janeiro 188: 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1959">Price 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="(Turner 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Turner" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsangatsangana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. tsangatsangana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Turner AH" box="[242,391,941,968]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="255 - 369" refId="ref47827" refString="Turner AH (2006) Osteology and phylogeny of a new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Historical Biology 18: 255 - 369." type="journal article" year="2006">Turner 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Th e semicircular suborbital fenestra is larger than the adjacent choana, which is situated farther posteriorly on the palate, although not butted against the posterior transverse edge of the pterygoids (Figs. 14C, 15C).
<taxonomicName box="[916,1079,1012,1038]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis box="[916,1079,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. patagonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unusual in this regard, with the posterior margin of the choana positioned farther anteriorly than the posterior margin of the suborbital fenestra, although breakage may have artificially expanded the fenestra (
<bibRefCitation author="Ortega F &amp; Gasparini Z &amp; Buscalioni AD &amp; Calvo JO" box="[581,795,1117,1144]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="57 - 76" refId="ref46524" refString="Ortega F, Gasparini Z, Buscalioni AD, Calvo JO (2000) A new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 57 - 76." type="journal article" year="2000">Ortega et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[815,941,1117,1143]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[815,941,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares with
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. gomesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the presence of a distinctive wedge-shaped flange on the pterygoid at the posterior margin of the palate (Figs. 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C), a process that is either very reduced or absent in other species of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="43.[140,1108,554,1672]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Three palatal features differentiate
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[573,698,1258,1284]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[573,698,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other species (Figs. 14C, 15C, 16C). Th e anterior margin of the choanae is V-shaped rather than transverse; there is a flat, strap-shaped border between the suborbital fenestra and choana rather than a narrow, ventrally directed edge; the choanal septum is narrow, its rounded ventral edge only slightly thickened posteriorly rather than developed as a horizontal flange.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="43.[140,1108,554,1672]" lastBlockId="44.[140,1108,167,228]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
The main shaft of the
<emphasis box="[444,540,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">quadrate</emphasis>
angles posteroventrally from the recessed otic region to the quadrate condyles, which are directed ventrally. In the otic region, there is a preotic siphonium, ventral to which is a marked fossa and posterior to which is a large opening housing the fenestra ovalis and confluent cranioquadrate passage (Fig. 16B). A sharp vertical crest on the quadrate contributes to the posterior skull margin, joining the paroccipital process with the rim of the medial condyle. In posterior view, a foramen aërum opens on the posterior aspect of the quadrate shaft just above the medial condyle. Th e relatively flat quadrate condyles, which are well preserved on the left side, are separated by a marked V-shaped cleft.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="44.[140,1108,272,1672]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,263,272,298]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis box="[140,258,272,298]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="1">Braincase</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Poorly exposed in other species, the braincase in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[842,970,273,299]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[842,970,273,299]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is well preserved with visible sutures and foramina (Figs. 14C, 15C, 16B, 17C). The
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">supraoccipital</emphasis>
is exposed along the posterior margin of the skull table as a pitted subtriangular surface sutured to a notch between the fused parietals. A thin nuchal crest projects posteriorly and recedes ventrally at the contact with the exoccipitals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="44.[140,1108,272,1672]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Although the ventral portion of the occipital condyle on the
<emphasis box="[869,999,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">basioccipital</emphasis>
is weathered away, the hemisphere of the condyle is prominent and fully exposed in ventral view. The ventral prominence of the condyle is a key difference when compared to the condyle in an extant crocodylian. A ventrally deflected condyle characterizes notosuchians, such as
<taxonomicName box="[169,301,589,615]" class="Reptilia" family="Uruguaysuchidae" genus="Anatosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[169,301,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Anatosuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis box="[358,487,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName box="[358,483,589,615]" class="Reptilia" family="Chimaerasuchidae" genus="Simosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Simosuchus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but is less common among other crocodylomorphs. In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut" authorityYear="1994" box="[140,303,624,650]" class="Reptilia" family="Peirosauridae" genus="Hamadasuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,303,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Hamadasuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for example, a comparable profile of the occipital condyle is achieved with the braincase held in posteroventral view (
<bibRefCitation author="Larsson HCE &amp; Sues HD" box="[665,927,659,686]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="533 - 567" refId="ref46138" refString="Larsson HCE, Sues HD (2007) Cranial osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Hamadasuchus rebouli (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Cretaceous of Morocco. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149: 533 - 567." type="journal article" year="2007">
Larsson and
<collectingRegion box="[809,858,660,686]" country="Egypt" name="As Suways" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Sues</collectingRegion>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="44.[140,1108,272,1672]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">The remainder of the basioccipital angles anteroventrally at approximately 45°. In the midline moving anteriorly from the condyle, there is a small posterior Eustachian foramen, a wedge-shaped median crest, and a large anterior Eustachian foramen opening between the basioccipital and basisphenoid. The Eustachian foramen opens anterodorsally into the pituitary fossa (Fig. 17C). Th e lateral edge of the basioccipital curls up against the low basal tubera to each side, between which is located a relatively small lateral Eustachian foramen.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="44.[140,1108,272,1672]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
In posterior view, the
<emphasis box="[437,547,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">otoccipital</emphasis>
(exoccipital + opisthotic) meets its opposite over the foramen magnum as a protruding rim, excluding the supraoccipital from its border. The rim, which provides an articular surface for the proatlas, overhangs the foramen magnum in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[278,403,1047,1073]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[278,403,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a condition coincident with ventral deflection of the occipital condyle. In non-notosuchian crocodylomorphs such as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut" authorityYear="1994" box="[785,949,1082,1108]" class="Reptilia" family="Peirosauridae" genus="Hamadasuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[785,949,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Hamadasuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Larsson HCE &amp; Sues HD" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="533 - 567" refId="ref46138" refString="Larsson HCE, Sues HD (2007) Cranial osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Hamadasuchus rebouli (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Cretaceous of Morocco. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149: 533 - 567." type="journal article" year="2007">
Larsson and
<collectingRegion box="[140,190,1117,1143]" country="Egypt" name="As Suways" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Sues</collectingRegion>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
), in contrast, the exoccipital rim projects posteriorly. Th e paroccipital processes project to each side, their central axis following a sigmoid curve.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="44.[140,1108,272,1672]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">The otoccipital forms the extreme dorsolateral edge on each side of the occipital condyle and then extends anteroventrally to the basioccipital, tapering to a point against a crest formed by the quadrate and basisphenoid. Th e anteroventral tip of the otoccipital is raised as a low, rugose basal tuber, which is held between the basioccipital, basisphenoid and quadrate. Four foramina open to each side of the occipital condyle for passage of the posterior cranial nerves and internal carotid artery. Th e carotid foramen is larger than the others and opens ventrally rather than ventrolaterally.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="44.[140,1108,272,1672]" lastBlockId="45.[140,1108,167,263]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Exposure of the
<emphasis box="[380,516,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">basisphenoid</emphasis>
is very limited in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[737,865,1434,1460]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[737,865,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Th e more extensive exposure shown in
<taxonomicName authority="(Ortega et al. 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Ortega" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[361,758,1469,1496]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis box="[361,520,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">A. patagonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Ortega F &amp; Gasparini Z &amp; Buscalioni AD &amp; Calvo JO" box="[536,750,1469,1496]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="57 - 76" refId="ref46524" refString="Ortega F, Gasparini Z, Buscalioni AD, Calvo JO (2000) A new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 57 - 76." type="journal article" year="2000">Ortega et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
may well be due to erosion of the ventral surface of the braincase. Turner described “large posteroventral exposure” of the basisphenoid in
<taxonomicName authority="(Turner 2006: 286)" baseAuthorityName="Turner" baseAuthorityPageNumber="286" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[398,826,1539,1566]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsangatsangana">
<emphasis box="[398,595,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">A. tsangatsangana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Turner AH" box="[610,818,1539,1566]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="255 - 369" refId="ref47827" refString="Turner AH (2006) Osteology and phylogeny of a new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Historical Biology 18: 255 - 369." type="journal article" year="2006">Turner 2006: 286</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, although this cannot be verified in images of the specimens. In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[570,694,1575,1601]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[570,694,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the basisphenoid is pinched between the pterygoids and quadrates anteriorly and the basioccipital and otoccipital posteriorly (Figs. 14C, 15C). Th e basisphenoid contributes to the medial portion of the more posterior of two crests running anteromedially from the quadrates to the pterygoids. This paired posterior crest converges in the midline running across the center of the exposed surface of the basisphenoid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="45.[140,1108,307,651]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,257,307,333]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis box="[140,252,307,333]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">Endocast</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
An endocast, generated from a computed-tomographic scan of cranium MNN GAD19 (
<figureCitation box="[326,408,343,369]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="51.[140,212,1014,1036]" captionTargetBox="[269,980,189,964]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[215,1033,162,990]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 22. Endocast of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Endocast (UCRC PVC5) prototyped from a computed-tomography scan of skull MNN GAD19. Th e endocast lacks a portion of the pituitary fossa and right and left labyrinths. A Lateral view. B Dorsal view. C Ventral view. Scale bar equals 1 cm. Abbreviations: cer, cerebrum; cnII, cranial nerve II (optic nerve); lsin, longitudinal sinus; opt, optic lobe; pit, pituitary fossa; vfo, ventral fossa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768343/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
), closely resembles the endocast of
<taxonomicName box="[801,934,343,369]" class="Reptilia" family="Uruguaysuchidae" genus="Anatosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[801,934,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Anatosuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 10). Both have spade-shaped, dorsoventrally compressed cerebral hemispheres separated dorsally by a shallow sinus. In
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pol and Apesteguia" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[396,545,413,439]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[396,545,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Araripesuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there is also a median fossa separating the hemispheres ventrally (
<figureCitation box="[342,447,448,474]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="51.[140,212,1014,1036]" captionTargetBox="[269,980,189,964]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[215,1033,162,990]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 22. Endocast of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Endocast (UCRC PVC5) prototyped from a computed-tomography scan of skull MNN GAD19. Th e endocast lacks a portion of the pituitary fossa and right and left labyrinths. A Lateral view. B Dorsal view. C Ventral view. Scale bar equals 1 cm. Abbreviations: cer, cerebrum; cnII, cranial nerve II (optic nerve); lsin, longitudinal sinus; opt, optic lobe; pit, pituitary fossa; vfo, ventral fossa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768343/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 22C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="45.[140,1108,307,651]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
The optic lobe is differentiated as a low swelling posterior to each cerebral hemisphere. In the cerebellar region, the sagittal sinus ascends to a height level with the cerebral hemispheres, creating a steeply angled pontine flexure resembling that in theropod dinosaurs (
<bibRefCitation author="Hopson JA" box="[263,424,589,615]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="39 - 146" refId="ref45817" refString="Hopson JA (1979) Paleoneurology. In: Gans C (Ed.) Biology of the Reptilia. Academic Press, London, 39 - 146." type="book chapter" year="1979">Hopson 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Larsson HC" box="[436,593,589,616]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="19 - 33" refId="ref46002" refString="Larsson HC (2001) Endocranial anatomy of Carcharodontosaurus saharicus (Theropoda: Allosauroidea) and its implications for theropod brain evolution. In: Tanke DH, Carpenter K (Eds) Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 19 - 33." type="book chapter" year="2001">Larsson 2001</bibRefCitation>
). On the ventral side of the endocast, the exit for the optic nerves and a pendant pituitary fossa are visible (
<figureCitation box="[827,964,624,650]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="51.[140,212,1014,1036]" captionTargetBox="[269,980,189,964]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[215,1033,162,990]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 22. Endocast of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Endocast (UCRC PVC5) prototyped from a computed-tomography scan of skull MNN GAD19. Th e endocast lacks a portion of the pituitary fossa and right and left labyrinths. A Lateral view. B Dorsal view. C Ventral view. Scale bar equals 1 cm. Abbreviations: cer, cerebrum; cnII, cranial nerve II (optic nerve); lsin, longitudinal sinus; opt, optic lobe; pit, pituitary fossa; vfo, ventral fossa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768343/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 22A, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="45.[140,1108,694,1214]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,263,694,721]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis box="[140,215,695,721]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">Lower</emphasis>
jaw
</emphasis>
. Except for the
<emphasis box="[448,529,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">dentary</emphasis>
(Fig. 18), the lower jaw has yet to be well exposed in any available specimens. Th e dentary in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[641,768,730,756]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[641,768,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unusual in several regards. No alveoli are visible in lateral view. Th e lateral alveolar margin is dorsally prominent as compared to its medial counterpart, which appears to be lacking entirely posterior to dentary tooth 10 (Figs. 18B, 20). Th e alveolar margin is sinuous in lateral view as in many crocodyliforms. Th e most prominent, convex portions of the alveolar margin house the largest teeth and oppose smaller teeth in the upper tooth row set in a dorsally concave alveolar margin (
<figureCitation box="[425,528,941,967]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="49.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[180,1068,388,1428]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[165,1082,363,1453]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 20. Unworn dentition of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Detailed views of the anterior and middle portions of the tooth rows (MNN GAD20). A Left tooth rows in medial view. B Anterior portionof left tooth rows in medial view. C Middle portion of left tooth rows in medial view. Scale bar equals 1 cm in A and 5 mm in B and C. Abbreviations: ca, carina; d2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, dentary tooth 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16; m1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, maxillary tooth 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13; ne, neck; pm2–5, premaxillary tooth 2–5; rt, root." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768341/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
). In lateral view, the alveolar margin adjacent to the postcaniniforms is smooth and bordered ventrally by a connected row of large neurovascular foramina (Fig. 18A, D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="45.[140,1108,694,1214]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
The dentary symphysis is rugose and fairly shallow (Fig. 18B, D). Th e articular scar for the splenial covers the anterior end of Meckel’s canal and then curves onto the dorsal aspect of the dentary between the tooth rows (Fig. 18B, C). As a result, the
<emphasis box="[1026,1107,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">splenial</emphasis>
appears to have formed most of the dorsal surface of the symphysis between the tooth rows posterior to the caniniform.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="45.[140,1108,1257,1672]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,266,1257,1283]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis box="[140,261,1257,1283]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">Dentition</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
There are 5 premaxillary, 14 maxillary, and 16 dentary teeth in the best preserved subadult and adult dentitions (MNN GAD19, GAD20). Th e teeth in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are regionalized. For descriptive purposes, we identify upper and lower teeth as
<emphasis box="[171,287,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">incisiforms</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[304,432,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">caniniforms</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis box="[501,670,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">postcaniniforms</emphasis>
, although tooth form grades between these functional
<typeStatus box="[327,389,1399,1425]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">types</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="45.[140,1108,1257,1672]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Incisiforms have subconical crowns with a bulbous base separated from an expand- ed root by a gentle constriction. Th e crown tip is slightly recurved posterolingually, and the crown is asymmetrical with a longer mesial than distal carina. Th e carina is both smooth and unornamented or has apically inclined, relatively fine denticles numbering about 5–6 per mm. The crown surface of incisiforms in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[814,939,1575,1601]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[814,939,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is ornamented with fine wrinkles toward its apex and very rounded ridges toward the crown base that are occasionally visible under high magnification of well preserved, unworn crowns.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="46.[140,1108,166,333]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Caniniforms are discordantly (20–50%) larger than adjacent teeth, their principal defining feature. Like the incisiforms, the caniniform teeth have a bulbous crown with a basal constriction, are asymmetrical with a longer mesial carina, may have either smooth or denticulate carinae, and have crown surfaces characterized by fine wrinkles and low rounded ridges.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="46.[140,1108,1526,1676]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,858,1526,1548]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Figure |8. Right dentary of the crocodyliform
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[622,852,1526,1548]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[622,852,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Araripesuchus wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Isolated, edentulous right dentary from a subadult (MNN GAD26).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[544,563,1558,1580]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
Lateral view (reversed).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[792,809,1558,1580]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
Medial view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[941,960,1558,1580]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
Dorsal view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1088,1107,1558,1580]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
Anterior view. Scale bar equals
<quantity box="[426,475,1591,1612]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
. Abbreviations:
<emphasis box="[623,811,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ad1, 4, 8, 11, 14, 15</emphasis>
, alveolus for dentary tooth 1, 4, 8, 11, 14, 15;
<emphasis box="[272,300,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">asp</emphasis>
, articular surface for the splenial;
<emphasis box="[615,634,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">be</emphasis>
, buccal emargination;
<emphasis box="[847,891,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">dsym</emphasis>
, dentary symphysis;
<emphasis box="[1085,1101,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">fo</emphasis>
, foramen;
<emphasis box="[229,258,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Mc</emphasis>
, Meckel’s canal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[140,1108,167,1671]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Postcaniniforms are located posterior to caniniform teeth. Crown form is quite variable, from tall pointed crowns that are asymmetrical with longer mesial carinae to squat symmetrical crowns that are longer mesiodistally than deep apicobasally. All have a marked constriction between crown and root, and all have denticulate mesial and distal carinae.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[140,1108,167,1671]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
There are five
<emphasis box="[353,550,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">premaxillary teeth</emphasis>
in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[594,722,343,369]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[594,722,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the first four of which have the centroid of the tooth base or alveolus aligned in a straight row. The centroid of the small fifth premaxillary tooth (or its alveolus if missing) is inset slightly lingual to a line through the other teeth/alveoli. In palatal view, the straight portions of the premaxillary tooth rows converge anteriorly at an angle of 85° as in
<taxonomicName authority="(Price 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Price" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[813,1078,483,510]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[813,925,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">A. gomesii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Price LI" box="[940,1069,483,510]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref46760" refString="Price LI (1959) Sobre um crocodilideo notosuquio do Cretaceo brasileiro. Boletim Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia do Rio de Janeiro 188: 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1959">Price 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. A similar morphology appears to be preserved in
<taxonomicName authority="(Turner 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Turner" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[684,1059,519,546]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsangatsangana">
<emphasis box="[684,882,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">A. tsangatsangana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Turner AH" box="[899,1051,519,546]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="255 - 369" refId="ref47827" refString="Turner AH (2006) Osteology and phylogeny of a new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Historical Biology 18: 255 - 369." type="journal article" year="2006">Turner 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Although no specimen of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Turner" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[403,597,554,580]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsangatsangana">
<emphasis box="[403,597,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">A. tsangatsangana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
preserves the premaxillary tooth row in place, the anterior five dentary teeth are aligned in a straight row [12: fig. 41A].
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Stromer" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[969,1107,589,615]" class="Reptilia" family="Sebecidae" genus="Libycosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[969,1107,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Libycosuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a similar linear configuration of alveoli, although the tooth rows converge more abruptly at an angle of approximately 100° (
<bibRefCitation author="Stromer E" box="[661,828,660,686]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref47493" refString="Stromer E (1914) Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wusten Agyptens. II. Wirbeltier-Reste der Baharije-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 1. Einleitung und 2. Libycosuchus. Abhandlungen der Koniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse 27: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1914">Stromer 1914</bibRefCitation>
). The straight premaxillary tooth rows are reflected in the external margin of the premaxilla, which appears straight or slightly concave, rather than convex, in dorsal view of the cranium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[140,1108,167,1671]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">All but the first premaxillary tooth are preserved in both MNN GAD19 and GAD20 (Figs. 19A, 20B). All of the crowns are incisiform as described above. The first three alveoli are virtually identical in size in MNN GAD19, yet the second premaxillary tooth preserved on the left side is slightly smaller than the third premaxillary tooth preserved on the right side. It is probable, thus, that there is a continuous increase in crown size from pm1 to pm4 and that pm5 is the smallest of the premaxillary series.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[140,1108,167,1671]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Crown shape is remarkably similar in the premaxillary series and is asymmetrical in labial and apical views. In labial view, the longer mesial carina is convex, displacing the crown tip distally. Th e shorter distal carina is also convex in all but the large pm4, where it is straight. All of the premaxillary crowns have low vertical fluting and sharp, unornamented mesial and distal carinae. Th e lingual crown face is slightly less convex than its labial counterpart, and a shallow trough is present adjacent to both carinae on the lingual side of the crown (Figs. 19A, 20B). Given these asymmetries, it is possible to determine whether an isolated premaxillary crown is from left or right premaxillae.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[140,1108,167,1671]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
The
<emphasis box="[240,409,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">maxillary teeth</emphasis>
can be divided into two anterior incisiforms (m1, m2), a caniniform (m3), and 11 postcaniniforms (m4-m14). All have finely denticulate carinae upon eruption (approximately 5–6 denticles per millimeter) and low fluting on both crown surfaces, as preserved in both MNN GAD19 and GAD20 (
<figureCitation box="[955,1050,1363,1390]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="49.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[180,1068,388,1428]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[165,1082,363,1453]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 20. Unworn dentition of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Detailed views of the anterior and middle portions of the tooth rows (MNN GAD20). A Left tooth rows in medial view. B Anterior portionof left tooth rows in medial view. C Middle portion of left tooth rows in medial view. Scale bar equals 1 cm in A and 5 mm in B and C. Abbreviations: ca, carina; d2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, dentary tooth 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16; m1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, maxillary tooth 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13; ne, neck; pm2–5, premaxillary tooth 2–5; rt, root." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768341/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
, 21). Fine denticles are present on the carinae of an erupting m1 crown in the mature individual MNN GAD19. Apical wear, however, has reduced or obliterated the denticles on other crowns in the same tooth row (Fig. 19B, C). Th e mesial and distal carinae of the caniniform (m3) in MNN GAD19 have been truncated by wear, giving the misleading appearance that the crown is recurved (Figs. 16A, 19A). An unworn m3 is partially exposed in MNN GAD20 and shows that the caniniform tooth in the upper jaw is not recurved but rather has an asymmetrical leaf shape in labial or lingual view (
<figureCitation box="[208,313,1645,1671]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="49.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[180,1068,388,1428]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[165,1082,363,1453]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 20. Unworn dentition of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Detailed views of the anterior and middle portions of the tooth rows (MNN GAD20). A Left tooth rows in medial view. B Anterior portionof left tooth rows in medial view. C Middle portion of left tooth rows in medial view. Scale bar equals 1 cm in A and 5 mm in B and C. Abbreviations: ca, carina; d2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, dentary tooth 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16; m1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, maxillary tooth 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13; ne, neck; pm2–5, premaxillary tooth 2–5; rt, root." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768341/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="48.[140,1108,167,440]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Crown shape in the maxillary series changes rapidly from leaf-shaped in m1–3 to the squat proportions of the postcaniniforms (Fig. 21). Th e denticles in postcaniniforms are restricted to the apical margin, and there is often a low primary ridge leading to the apical denticle.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="48.[140,1108,167,440]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
All of the
<emphasis box="[306,448,307,333]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">dentary teeth</emphasis>
have finely denticulate margins, although information is limited for d2 and absent for d1. Th e fourth dentary tooth is enlarged as a caniniform, which has a crown shape similar to that of pm4 and m
<quantity box="[771,815,378,404]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
the upper tooth row; the longer mesial carina is convex whereas the distal carina is straight. Postcaniniform
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="48.[140,1108,1494,1676]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,848,1494,1516]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Figure |9. Worndentition of the crocodyliform
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[615,842,1494,1516]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[615,842,1494,1516]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Araripesuchus wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Detailed views of the dentition (MNN GAD19).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[351,370,1526,1548]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
Right premaxillary teeth
<quantity box="[606,666,1526,1548]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 in</quantity>
ventromedial view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[851,868,1526,1548]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
Left maxillary teeth
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.159" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="in" value="8.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="6.0">6–11 in</quantity>
ventromedial view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[342,361,1558,1580]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
Left maxillary teeth
<quantity box="[549,621,1558,1580]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="in" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 in</quantity>
ventromedial view. Scale bars equal
<quantity box="[952,1010,1558,1580]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
. Abbreviations:
<emphasis box="[199,250,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">apm2</emphasis>
, alveolus for premaxillary tooth 2;
<emphasis box="[582,615,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">awf</emphasis>
, apical wear facet;
<emphasis box="[795,814,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ca</emphasis>
, carina;
<emphasis box="[896,916,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">de</emphasis>
, denticle;
<emphasis box="[1015,1021,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">fl</emphasis>
, fluting;
<emphasis box="[140,157,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">m</emphasis>
, maxilla;
<emphasis box="[248,337,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">m6, 9, 11</emphasis>
, maxillary tooth 6, 9, 11;
<emphasis box="[579,619,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">mwf</emphasis>
, medial wear facet;
<emphasis box="[802,822,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ne</emphasis>
, neck;
<emphasis box="[889,917,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">pm</emphasis>
, premaxilla;
<emphasis box="[1037,1101,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">pm3, 5</emphasis>
, premaxillary tooth 3, 5;
<emphasis box="[365,417,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">pmmf</emphasis>
, premaxilla-maxilla foramen;
<emphasis box="[695,710,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">rt</emphasis>
, root;
<emphasis box="[773,795,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">wf</emphasis>
, wear facet.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="49.[140,1108,167,334]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
crowns decrease in size to d7 followed by an increase in size to d11 and d12 (
<figureCitation box="[1010,1094,167,193]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="49.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[180,1068,388,1428]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[165,1082,363,1453]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 20. Unworn dentition of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Detailed views of the anterior and middle portions of the tooth rows (MNN GAD20). A Left tooth rows in medial view. B Anterior portionof left tooth rows in medial view. C Middle portion of left tooth rows in medial view. Scale bar equals 1 cm in A and 5 mm in B and C. Abbreviations: ca, carina; d2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, dentary tooth 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16; m1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, maxillary tooth 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13; ne, neck; pm2–5, premaxillary tooth 2–5; rt, root." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768341/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). The trough adjacent to the mesial carina on the lingual crown face is marked, giving the appearance that the mesial edge of the crown is curled lingually (
<figureCitation box="[913,1018,237,263]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="49.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[180,1068,388,1428]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[165,1082,363,1453]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 20. Unworn dentition of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Detailed views of the anterior and middle portions of the tooth rows (MNN GAD20). A Left tooth rows in medial view. B Anterior portionof left tooth rows in medial view. C Middle portion of left tooth rows in medial view. Scale bar equals 1 cm in A and 5 mm in B and C. Abbreviations: ca, carina; d2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, dentary tooth 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16; m1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, maxillary tooth 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13; ne, neck; pm2–5, premaxillary tooth 2–5; rt, root." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768341/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 20C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="49.[140,1108,167,334]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Three aspects of the dentition deserve special note. The first involves crown orientation along the tooth row. Many postcaniniform maxillary and dentary crowns</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768341" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3768341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768341/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" startId="49.[140,212,1462,1484]" targetBox="[180,1068,388,1428]" targetPageId="49">
<paragraph blockId="49.[140,1109,1462,1644]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,898,1462,1484]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Figure 20. Unworn dentition of the crocodyliform
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[662,892,1462,1484]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[662,892,1462,1484]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Araripesuchus wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Detailed views of the anterior and middle portions of the tooth rows (MNN GAD20).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[762,781,1494,1516]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">A</emphasis>
Left tooth rows in medial view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1091,1108,1494,1516]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">B</emphasis>
Anterior portionof left tooth rows in medial view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[620,639,1526,1548]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
Middle portion of left tooth rows in medial view. Scale bar equals 1 cm in A and 5 mm in B and C. Abbreviations:
<emphasis box="[764,783,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ca</emphasis>
, carina;
<emphasis box="[865,1108,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">d2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16,</emphasis>
dentary tooth 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16;
<emphasis box="[490,646,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">m1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13</emphasis>
, maxillary tooth 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13;
<emphasis box="[952,972,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ne</emphasis>
, neck;
<emphasis box="[1037,1101,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">pm2–5</emphasis>
, premaxillary tooth 2–5;
<emphasis box="[365,380,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">rt</emphasis>
, root.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="50.[140,1108,1462,1676]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,898,1462,1484]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<figureCitation box="[140,242,1462,1484]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[140,212,1015,1037]" captionTargetBox="[144,1105,199,969]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[140,1108,165,995]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Skull and cervical vertebra of the crocodyliform Stomatosuchus inermis. A Cranium in ventral view. B Right lower jaw in medial view. C Right lower jaw (reversed) in dorsal view. D cervical vertebra in anterior view. E Right quadrate in ventral view. F Skull reconstruction in dorsal view. G Skull reconstruction in lateral view. Scale bar for A-E equals 50 cm. A-E from Stromer (1925); F and G from Stromer (1936)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768325/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|. Unworn dentition of the crocodyliform
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[662,892,1462,1484]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[662,892,1462,1484]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Araripesuchus wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Detailed views of the middle and posterior portions of the tooth rows (MNN GAD20).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[752,771,1494,1516]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
Middle portion of left tooth rows in medial view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[261,278,1526,1548]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
Posterior portion of left tooth rows in medial view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[760,779,1526,1548]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
Close-up view of maxillary tooth 7 and dentary tooth 10 and
<quantity box="[385,435,1558,1580]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
medial view. Scale bar for A and B and scale bar for C equal
<quantity box="[1005,1064,1558,1580]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
. Abbreviations:
<emphasis box="[254,283,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">aca</emphasis>
, anterior carina;
<emphasis box="[444,466,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">ad</emphasis>
, apical denticle;
<emphasis box="[625,671,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">ad12</emphasis>
, alveolus for dentary tooth 12;
<emphasis box="[968,1028,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">d9–11</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[1041,1065,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">14</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[1077,1101,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">16</emphasis>
, dentary tooth 9–11, 14, 16;
<emphasis box="[403,423,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">de</emphasis>
, denticle;
<emphasis box="[519,631,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">m4, 7–9, 13</emphasis>
, maxillary tooth 4, 7–9, 13;
<emphasis box="[897,917,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">ne</emphasis>
, neck;
<emphasis box="[984,1014,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">pca</emphasis>
, posterior carina;
<emphasis box="[208,234,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">pri</emphasis>
, primary ridge;
<emphasis box="[384,399,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">rt</emphasis>
, root;
<emphasis box="[461,476,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">se</emphasis>
, septum;
<emphasis box="[568,583,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">tr</emphasis>
, trough.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768343" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3768343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768343/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[140,212,1014,1036]" targetBox="[269,980,189,964]" targetPageId="51">
<paragraph blockId="51.[140,1107,1014,1165]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,798,1014,1036]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Figure 22. Endocast of the crocodyliform
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[564,792,1014,1036]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[564,792,1014,1036]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Araripesuchus wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Endocast (UCRC PVC5) prototyped from a computed-tomography scan of skull MNN GAD19. Th e endocast lacks a portion of the pituitary fossa and right and left labyrinths.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[527,546,1078,1100]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">A</emphasis>
Lateral view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[673,690,1078,1100]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B</emphasis>
Dorsal view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[814,833,1078,1100]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C</emphasis>
Ventral view. Scale bar equals 1 cm. Abbreviations:
<emphasis box="[338,363,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">cer</emphasis>
, cerebrum;
<emphasis box="[475,512,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">cnII</emphasis>
, cranial nerve II (optic nerve);
<emphasis box="[800,831,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">lsin</emphasis>
, longitudinal sinus;
<emphasis box="[1021,1048,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">opt</emphasis>
, optic lobe;
<emphasis box="[191,215,1143,1164]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">pit</emphasis>
, pituitary fossa;
<emphasis box="[369,395,1143,1164]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">vfo</emphasis>
, ventral fossa.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="51.[140,1108,1258,1672]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
are canted mesiolingually (anteromedially) relative to the tooth row, creating an en echelon arrangement reminiscent of the condition in basal sauropodomorph and ornithischian dinosaurs. Th is can be seen in m
<quantity box="[616,689,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="in" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 in</quantity>
MNN GAD19 and d
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MNN GAD20 (Figs. 14C, 15C, 20C). Secondly, the postcaniniform maxillary teeth and mid- and distal dentary teeth are set into a trough with alveoli incompletely divided by bony septa. Th e maxillary trough is best seen in MNN GAD19, and the lingually open alveoli in the dentary series are best seen in MNN GAD20. Th irdly, blunt apical wear occurs throughout the dentition in MNN GAD19. Th e prevalence of blunt apical tooth wear, denticulate carinae, crown surfaces with fluting,
<emphasis box="[915,1028,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">en echelon</emphasis>
crown orientation and the absence of recurved caniniforms suggest that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[870,995,1575,1601]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[870,995,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have been an opportunistic, or even an obligate, herbivore. A detailed study of occlusion and wear is warranted on the materials here described.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768345" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3768345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768345/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" startId="52.[140,212,1014,1036]" targetBox="[152,1095,202,956]" targetPageId="52">
<paragraph blockId="52.[140,1109,1014,1133]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,974,1014,1036]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Figure 23. Block containing skeletons of the crocodyliform
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[739,968,1014,1036]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[739,968,1014,1036]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Araripesuchus wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Three aligned and partially articulated skeletons (MNN GAD20–22) and a partial skull (MNN GAD23) in dorsal view. Weathered portions of the crania were restored based on MNN GAD19. Scale bar equals 20 cm. Abbreviations:
<emphasis box="[224,254,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">cda</emphasis>
, caudal dermal armor;
<emphasis box="[470,498,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ma</emphasis>
, manus;
<emphasis box="[583,602,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">pe</emphasis>
, pes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="52.[140,1108,1257,1460]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,317,1257,1284]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis box="[140,201,1257,1283]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="1">Axial</emphasis>
skeleton.
</emphasis>
Portions of the axial column are preserved and differ little from that preserved in
<taxonomicName authority="(Hecht 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Hecht" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[291,579,1293,1319]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesii">
<emphasis box="[291,406,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">A. gomesii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Hecht M" box="[425,571,1293,1319]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="342 - 347" refId="ref45776" refString="Hecht M (1991) Araripesuchus Price, 1959. In: Maisey JG (Ed) Santana fossils: An illustrated atlas. T. F. H. Publications, Neptune, New Jersey, 342 - 347." type="book chapter" year="1991">Hecht 1991</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Th e centra are amphicoelous. Th e thin subquadrate dorsal and caudal osteoderms have low parasagittal keels and no articular processes. Th e tail is surrounded by osteoderms, including paired dorsal osteoderms extending at least over the proximal two-thirds of the tail, a single lateral row in the proximal tail, and paired ventral osteoderm rows (
<figureCitation box="[703,788,1434,1460]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="53.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[237,996,555,1491]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[212,1034,539,1509]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figure 24. Caudal skeleton of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Flexed, articulated tail showing paired dorsal osteoderm rows in dorsal view, lateral osteoderm row in lateral view and ventral osteoderm rows in ventral view (MNN GAD20). Scale bar equals 5 cm. Abbreviations: k, keel; l do, left dorsal osteoderm; l vo, left ventral osteoderm; r do, right dorsal osteoderm; r lo, right lateral osteoderm; r vo, right ventral osteoderm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768347/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="52.[140,1108,1504,1672]" lastBlockId="53.[140,1108,166,475]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,418,1504,1530]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis box="[140,303,1504,1530]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="1">Appendicular</emphasis>
skeleton.
</emphasis>
The limbs are the best exposed portion of the appendicular skeleton. Th e humerus, radius and ulna in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[618,742,1540,1566]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[618,742,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have straight and relatively slen- der shafts with proximal and distal articular surfaces consistent with upright posture (
<figureCitation box="[148,232,1610,1637]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="54.[140,212,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[209,1025,692,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[186,1060,674,1541]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figure 25. Forelimb bones of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. A Left humerus in anterior view (MNN GAD20). B Partial right forelimb in anterior view (MNN GAD21). Scale bars equal 2 cm. Abbreviations: dcon, distal condyles; dpc, deltopectoral crest; hd, head; mc1–3, metacarpal 1–3; ra, radius; rae, radiale; sh, shaft; ul, ulna; ule, ulnare." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768349/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
). In extant crocodylians with a habitual posture that is less erect, the humeral shaft has a sigmoidal axis and the distal condyles face anteriorly. Th e radiale, ulnare and metacarpals (
<figureCitation box="[286,395,166,193]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="54.[140,212,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[209,1025,692,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[186,1060,674,1541]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figure 25. Forelimb bones of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. A Left humerus in anterior view (MNN GAD20). B Partial right forelimb in anterior view (MNN GAD21). Scale bars equal 2 cm. Abbreviations: dcon, distal condyles; dpc, deltopectoral crest; hd, head; mc1–3, metacarpal 1–3; ra, radius; rae, radiale; sh, shaft; ul, ulna; ule, ulnare." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768349/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 25B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[406,458,167,194]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="55.[140,211,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[325,904,232,1518]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[311,937,212,1554]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figure 26. Manus and pes of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. A Right manus in dorsal view (MNN GAD22). B Right pes in dorsal view (MNN GAD22).Scale bar equals 1 cm in A and 2 cm in B. Abbreviations: I-V, digits I-V; mc1–5, metacarpal 1–5; mt1–4, metatarsal 1–4; ph, phalanx; un, ungual." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768351/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">26A</figureCitation>
), likewise, are proportionately elongate compared to those in extant crocodylians (
<bibRefCitation author="Mook CC" box="[403,544,202,228]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="67 - 100" refId="ref46380" refString="Mook CC (1921) Notes on the postcranial skeleton in the Crocodilia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 44: 67 - 100." type="journal article" year="1921">Mook 1921</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="53.[140,1108,166,475]" lastBlockId="54.[140,1108,166,616]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Articulated forelimb elements in two individuals permit measurement of proportions within the forelimb of adult
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pol and Apesteguia" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[607,760,272,298]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[607,760,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Araripesuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the first time (
<tableCitation box="[997,1092,272,299]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="34.[140,200,166,188]" captionText="Table 6. Measurements and proportions of forelimb elements of Anatosuchus minor (MNN GAD17), Araripesuchus wegeneri (MNN GAD21, GAD25), Alligator mississippiensis (FMNH 22027), and Crocodylus johnstoni (FMNH 223669). Measurements are from the left side in A. minor and A. wegeneri and from an average of left and right sides in A. mississippiensis and C. johnstoni. Measurements in A. wegeneri are based on two partial forelimbs with radii of identical length (MNN GAD21, GAD25); only one preserved the humerus (MNN GAD25). Estimated measurements for metacarpal 3 in A. minor and A. wegeneri are based on measurements of metacarpal 1 and 2, the former approximately 15% shorter and the latter slightly longer than metacarpal 3 (Mook 1921). Parentheses indicate estimated measurement." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Table 6</tableCitation>
). Compared to extant crocodylians, distal forelimb segments in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[858,986,308,334]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[858,986,308,334]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are longer relative to proximal segments. Th us the radius is longer relative to the humerus, and the radiale is longer relative to the radius in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[710,840,378,404]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[710,840,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a factor of between 10–15%. Comparison of the radiale and metacarpal three, however, is more striking. The radiale is more than 150% of metacarpal three length in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[869,1000,449,475]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[869,1000,449,475]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas the radiale is only about 75% the length of metacarpal three in extant crocodylians. In other words, the elongate proximal carpals in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[699,827,202,228]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[699,827,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are approximately twice their length relative to the metacarpus in extant crocodylians. Relative lengthening of distal limb segments also suggests greater relative speed and a more upright limb posture. Th e proximal end of each metacarpal is flattened and expanded to enhance overlap, and the distal end is marked by pits that allow considerable extension of the proximal phalanges (
<figureCitation box="[380,487,378,405]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="55.[140,211,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[325,904,232,1518]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[311,937,212,1554]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figure 26. Manus and pes of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. A Right manus in dorsal view (MNN GAD22). B Right pes in dorsal view (MNN GAD22).Scale bar equals 1 cm in A and 2 cm in B. Abbreviations: I-V, digits I-V; mc1–5, metacarpal 1–5; mt1–4, metatarsal 1–4; ph, phalanx; un, ungual." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768351/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768347" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3768347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768347/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[140,212,1526,1548]" targetBox="[237,996,555,1491]" targetPageId="53">
<paragraph blockId="53.[140,1108,1526,1676]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,887,1526,1548]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Figure 24. Caudal skeleton of the crocodyliform
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[649,880,1526,1548]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[649,880,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Araripesuchus wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Flexed, articulated tail showing paired dorsal osteoderm rows in dorsal view, lateral osteoderm row in lateral view and ventral osteoderm rows in ventral view (MNN GAD20). Scale bar equals 5 cm. Abbreviations:
<emphasis box="[959,970,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">k</emphasis>
, keel;
<emphasis box="[1031,1065,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">l do</emphasis>
, left dorsal osteoderm;
<emphasis box="[310,342,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">l vo</emphasis>
, left ventral osteoderm;
<emphasis box="[568,603,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">r do</emphasis>
, right dorsal osteoderm;
<emphasis box="[836,866,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">r lo</emphasis>
, right lateral osteoderm;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">r vo</emphasis>
, right ventral osteoderm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="54.[140,1108,166,616]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
The long bones in the hind limb also have straight shafts. A calcaneum near skeleton MNN GAD22 (
<figureCitation box="[370,450,448,474]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="52.[140,212,1014,1036]" captionTargetBox="[152,1095,202,956]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[140,1106,165,990]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figure 23. Block containing skeletons of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. Three aligned and partially articulated skeletons (MNN GAD20–22) and a partial skull (MNN GAD23) in dorsal view. Weathered portions of the crania were restored based on MNN GAD19. Scale bar equals 20 cm. Abbreviations: cda, caudal dermal armor; ma, manus; pe, pes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768345/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
) has a deep calcaneal tuber that is only moderately laterally deflected. An articulated pes has straight, proportionately long metatarsals with flattened proximal shafts to enhance overlap and distal pits for extension of the proximal phalanges (
<figureCitation box="[265,368,554,581]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="55.[140,211,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[325,904,232,1518]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[311,937,212,1554]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figure 26. Manus and pes of the crocodyliform Araripesuchus wegeneri. A Right manus in dorsal view (MNN GAD22). B Right pes in dorsal view (MNN GAD22).Scale bar equals 1 cm in A and 2 cm in B. Abbreviations: I-V, digits I-V; mc1–5, metacarpal 1–5; mt1–4, metatarsal 1–4; ph, phalanx; un, ungual." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768351/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
). Th ese features, again, suggest that during terrestrial locomotion, limb posture in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut &amp; Taquet" authorityYear="1979" box="[321,446,589,615]" class="Reptilia" genus="Araripesuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wegeneri">
<emphasis box="[321,446,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A. wegeneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was more upright than in extant crocodylians.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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