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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297124" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f0f641c-cd4b-4694-8e47-c47be23ac2a9" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905116760" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="AB4BB0E37447F70AFF07649825E82BBF" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Carnivora.532-628.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Martes americana Turton 1806" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" lastPageNumber="608" masterDocId="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" masterDocTitle="Order Carnivora" masterLastPageNumber="628" masterPageNumber="532" pageNumber="608" updateTime="1716792096583" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:namePart id="0483289FD36D5E021D9C7780C7FCC8CD">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F2D3FA35DD9CA6EB66630238BC97FE80">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<treatment id="AB4BB0E37447F70AFF07649825E82BBF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11345436" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231547635" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11345436" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AB4BB0E37447F70AFF07649825E82BBF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB4BB0E37447F70AFF07649825E82BBF" lastPageNumber="608" pageNumber="608" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14001204">
<subSubSection id="BA112A8CA8ACA84087B07C3D1E6E3204" pageNumber="608" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7A00F9670F132F4BC94D66AD03F3D04F" pageNumber="608">
<taxonomicName id="A8BE952FA49878D32AC6E36F3F64CB06" ID-CoL="3Y9VR" authority="Turton 1806" authorityName="Turton" authorityYear="1806" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="37569D7C9CFA51C4CBC13E4C6892033F" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes americana</emphasis>
Turton 1806
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="11298DC64780B0855E743A3B2DF8E154" pageNumber="608" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6AF391A42C3EB55D402751F079224455" pageNumber="608">
<treatmentCitation id="C1E802A60F33DEAA77D7602D5EF26E3F" author="Turton" authority="Turton 1806" authorityName="Turton" authorityYear="1806" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="60" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americana" title="Martes americana" volumeTitle="in: Linnaeus, Gen. Syst. Nat., Vol. 1" year="1806">
<taxonomicName id="59DB80F7CB0E1D5DE2E3F22C74108EB0" ID-CoL="3Y9VR" authority="Turton 1806" authorityName="Turton" authorityYear="1806" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="ACC422255DDAC8024F61C06EC0BBD031" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes americana</emphasis>
Turton 1806
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="92A786AB018C894C31766D5D1E495373" author="Turton" pageNumber="608" pagination="60" title="Martes americana" volumeTitle="in: Linnaeus, Gen. Syst. Nat., Vol. 1" year="1806">in: Linnaeus, Gen. Syst. Nat., Vol. 1: 60</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0B9F6EFA2E7BEF43BB7875534AE952E7" pageNumber="608" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D4B2E3D11CC786A9E5B7C64786599C32" pageNumber="608">
<emphasis id="496765FE2816F270C191B37080A744D7" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="608">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="53D14E334556CCE05E6E2D1EF225E14A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867350466" pageNumber="608">&quot;North America&quot;.</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9ADE1CEB733B520A87F0401FA2AEA48" pageNumber="608" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="88F78566E8EBB51496A80574C45101F9" pageNumber="608">
<emphasis id="9E78E95CE95BF0DC794725846A41A3BD" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="608">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4124A7CA9A73BE5DFFD0FAD106418AC1" language="eng" pageNumber="608">American Marten</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95648E7D4B67D89497708785710EC4B3" pageNumber="608" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="3B87BAF21E425FAD191FA9F333C8F72C" pageNumber="608">
<emphasis id="C506C1654BC2BC2059E196A2CCE4D7B3" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="608">Subspecies:</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC5D537A129C4839141D6CD285753769" pageNumber="608">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="D6D92FE69EF178444B50D41540F4ECA8" authority="Turton 1806" authorityName="Turton" authorityYear="1806" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americana" subSpecies="americana">
<emphasis id="3D9B215115AADB7DCF1F5E4BAA8116BF" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes americana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="6FA7F8C57978C45E08CDC1819404CEFA" italics="true" pageNumber="608">americana</emphasis>
Turton 1806
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E656657989CDF5D9AEC9EA87236C5FD0" pageNumber="608">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="AEE01B2CC9605826F7C9980AAB12E806" authority="Preble 1902" authorityName="Preble" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americana" subSpecies="abieticola">
<emphasis id="31F2963B595646B61F988112AE30DBB3" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes americana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="73407D196EDD757BF174B59E59718D5D" italics="true" pageNumber="608">abieticola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="269B987B72F644DD683FB36292CE97A4" author="Preble, E. A." refId="ref293139" refString="Preble, E. A. 1902. A biological investigation of the Hudson Bay region. North American Fauna, 22: 1 - 140." year="1902">Preble 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1018B6CF5AA6CD4AC86B3DA7752588DF" pageNumber="608">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="311AB6A6865EC8A365A0F6588C417672" authority="Gray 1865" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americana" subSpecies="abietinoides">
<emphasis id="8666277435AD44EDB7149CB3F17EA6EE" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes americana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="20DC095B05A880952A34BE48C096534C" italics="true" pageNumber="608">abietinoides</emphasis>
Gray 1865
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5CEFF302EBD08DFD0FEE9085B2737431" pageNumber="608">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="90A08A4F2022C84CE6B5ACE58B10133C" authority="Osgood 1900" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americana" subSpecies="actuosa">
<emphasis id="1E78DEED6330605C096F8C3C7A09BA18" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes americana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="F07E8D4739086A83BA4C96AC9ABF59F8" italics="true" pageNumber="608">actuosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B9DD2373B9319866F91CC654E53BB9B2" author="Osgood, W. H." refId="ref268619" refString="Osgood, W. H. 1900. Revision of the pocket mice of the genus Perognathus. North American Fauna, 18: 1 - 73." year="1900">Osgood 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E57AC2BE965CD47E3CC8595D60818571" pageNumber="608">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4D91FC83F49CB6C0540F357EE0977D3C" authority="Bangs 1897" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americana" subSpecies="atrata">
<emphasis id="AEE9EBF9495A90119482CD27EF6AA774" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes americana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="FCF191C922C9DF4AC0D16ADB5457A469" italics="true" pageNumber="608">atrata</emphasis>
Bangs 1897
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2BBE93816526A32F6226B2976554DCAE" pageNumber="608">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="0D4147796052D4723CFB4D4C9797D68D" authority="Merriam 1890" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americana" subSpecies="caurina">
<emphasis id="4A46A96C5A82632F63DD7E229331B6B7" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes americana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="D09C1A6531714A9AFC9F25D72B2E659C" italics="true" pageNumber="608">caurina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C45AA5459F8B893110E58BEF98A6FD20" author="Merriam, C. H." refId="ref238216" refString="Merriam, C. H. 1890. Description of a new prairie dog from Wyoming. North American Fauna, 4: 33 - 35." year="1890">Merriam 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F0367C452D38D003C322A01B044CA5BD" pageNumber="608">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="B37B37A56BFC22CE33E6DBC05656667E" authority="Grinnell and Dixon 1926" authorityName="Grinnell and Dixon" authorityYear="1926" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americana" subSpecies="humboldtensis">
<emphasis id="9E7E00CD08BB512955708ADB61EEBEE7" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes americana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="035183A217663546354C8C9BADB77B98" italics="true" pageNumber="608">humboldtensis</emphasis>
Grinnell and Dixon 1926
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F7E7BF277F2BD737A7F4C19143A51C8B" pageNumber="608">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="FF2E9BEFA47350C00E678679B3002F55" authority="Elliot 1903" authorityName="Elliot" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americana" subSpecies="kenaiensis">
<emphasis id="6371AA7DD3BCAEF59F4684CBDD2DF533" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes americana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="2924DE73F30FE7BE0519A628034C7F8E" italics="true" pageNumber="608">kenaiensis</emphasis>
Elliot 1903
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43736815F188930CB424F1B23AFDC67C" pageNumber="608">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="2521C3DA16E124C66A2CA6EC888D62BD" authority="Osgood 1901" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americana" subSpecies="nesophila">
<emphasis id="7A86CAE1EFBBC94D1631A8FBFE7B30C9" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes americana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="923748A42FF3D18B83E4F08A7D71EAF0" italics="true" pageNumber="608">nesophila</emphasis>
Osgood 1901
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37298876442C58843DBA528DCAD160C3" pageNumber="608">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="E3710317055503258CAF65E9C07680FC" authority="Rhoads 1902" authorityName="Rhoads" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americana" subSpecies="origensis">
<emphasis id="3F376C8B0553A3E6B57D92D5D36723B7" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes americana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="5B91C240A0E235C85319E2E6F214D188" italics="true" pageNumber="608">origensis</emphasis>
Rhoads 1902
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="34158FD4DCA9F914257346D73D0203BE" pageNumber="608">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="50F2F5228A10C3D4BFFD782D8BAC9846" authority="Grinnell and Storer 1916" authorityName="Grinnell and Storer" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americana" subSpecies="sierrae">
<emphasis id="88AA57678A67DDAAE7A41BE9428508C2" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes americana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="50EEFFFB530E9C9C8AA83C855ED0B09A" italics="true" pageNumber="608">sierrae</emphasis>
Grinnell and Storer 1916
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="221841851BAA2969AFF3D82E4E58FB4E" pageNumber="608">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="3BCE26D70A3E0938A2E856A313A2AAC7" authority="Grinnell and Dixon 1926" authorityName="Grinnell and Dixon" authorityYear="1926" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americana" subSpecies="vancourverensis">
<emphasis id="DC3EC4E233FF39F30FFEE8B87970463C" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes americana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="1F90BAA29A3689B206F2A0DA5530D2F4" italics="true" pageNumber="608">vancourverensis</emphasis>
Grinnell and Dixon 1926
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6AF5C7590B4FCD19DFF30A692100D42F" pageNumber="608">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="42E0DF2A0AEDADDC7F66D4114264BB45" authority="Rafinesque 1819" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1819" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americana" subSpecies="vulpina">
<emphasis id="511D7117012F4EC2D574227F83CA85E5" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes americana</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="5A12FB7DD5C0F7B897BF008EAFEFCA11" italics="true" pageNumber="608">vulpina</emphasis>
Rafinesque 1819
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E664613EE696A761D1789BDD98131E59" pageNumber="608" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E975F958533AB257F7B245A5B1734D4A" pageNumber="608">
<emphasis id="A4D388F45EF7D7FFAE33DE008B40C1BF" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="608">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="289BF4123626B7A7BCF1A67251D47222" name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="4F87C14E9CCB3AE4B319848AE28AB751" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="BABEA457E55E2B3C3B946EB2D2C004F6" country="United States of America" name="Alaska">Alaska</collectingRegion>
to N
<collectingRegion id="A9BA08B349AEB938F01C2CEE76C663AE" country="United States of America" name="California">California</collectingRegion>
, south in the Sierra
<collectingRegion id="048972E48221EE7F7571FE71C4475A6A" country="United States of America" name="Nevada">Nevada</collectingRegion>
and Rocky Mtns to
<geoCoordinate id="3392766790182047CF7EBC4EF3DB9879" degrees="35" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55555" value="35.0">35°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingRegion id="155811D587245D81E4E63B73A447E1B3" country="United States of America" name="Maine">Maine</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="6D62E9424749137FE006AE9BCD681D5F" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D23B291894F71B18689A4DAC5E179215" country="United States of America" name="New York">New York</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CD3BE5BD6EE118D2902D4F8A113A7C2C" pageNumber="608" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="372531EFF9BBF0DE9602B2AC9C126451" pageNumber="608">
<emphasis id="6CE99FCD570E151C4942F6DAF106079F" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="608">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="C91337E3B66594AE9175E9CA39C0C862">IUCN</collectionCode>
Lower Risk (lc).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00D9F56BE5252FAB2C5BAF4D408BC5EE" pageNumber="608" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A5CF7CE98FBBDC1A37A30801A9F54760" pageNumber="608">
<emphasis id="1912A89C5B96524811BEF70BC86FD78C" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="608">Discussion:</emphasis>
May be conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="CEE96F70BF02DE1DA9A9652ED00CF583" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martes">
<emphasis id="B0A175BE3D57C38DB57C758153B9EB42" italics="true" pageNumber="608">martes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8145388A2C1D6655813545A12A724F1D" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melampus">
<emphasis id="F12D83942C376B238BB3EA91ED73A78A" italics="true" pageNumber="608">melampus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="D113FFB78C99D20CD5DC5E8457EFB350" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zibellina">
<emphasis id="E75FE8401382B8199BC5FA7BC9F8B9BD" italics="true" pageNumber="608">zibellina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="18229ACAA737DACD490EBA968FBAEBFB" author="Anderson, E." refId="ref8298" refString="Anderson, E. 1970. Quaternary evolution of the genus Martes (Carnivora, Mustelidae). Acta Zoologica Fennica, 130: 1 - 132." year="1970">Anderson, 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="89CC580E109598C65FF9F837435791D4" author="Hagmeier, E. M." refId="ref136973" refString="Hagmeier, E. M. 1961. Variation and relationships in North American marten. Canadian Field Naturalist, 75: 122 - 138." year="1961">Hagmeier, 1961</bibRefCitation>
). Reviewed by
<bibRefCitation id="16B68949E05FD8F87A954A429B6F0D73" author="Clark, T. W. &amp; E. Anderson &amp; C. Douglas &amp; M. Strickland" refId="ref62575" refString="Clark, T. W., E. Anderson, C. Douglas, and M. Strickland. 1987. Martes americana. Mammalian Species, 289: 1 - 8." year="1987">Clark et al. (1987)</bibRefCitation>
who considered New World forms as a distinct species agreeing with
<bibRefCitation id="968365D8103F2AA9157A0D485BEA3546" author="Youngman, P. M." refId="ref402081" refString="Youngman, P. M. 1975. Mammals of the Yukon Territory. National Museum of Natural Sciences (Ottawa), Publications in Zoology, 10: 1 - 192." year="1975">Youngman (1975)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="A354CE52FDA9C8A0381FD60544A14E60" author="Carr, S. M. &amp; S. A. Hicks" refId="ref53018" refString="Carr, S. M., and S. A. Hicks. 1997. Are there two species of marten in North America? Genetic and evolutionary relationships within Martes. Pp. 15 - 28, in Martes: Taxonomy, ecology, techniques, and management (G. Proulx, H. N. Bryant, and P. M. Woodard, eds.). Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton. 474 pp." year="1997">Carr and Hicks (1997)</bibRefCitation>
recognized two distinct species based on genetic data (
<taxonomicName id="0E46B2D63620BE093A6AA07941F8C2BD" authorityName="Turton" authorityYear="1806" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="202F07950003C42C59BB9A8D020831C2" italics="true" pageNumber="608">M. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Eastern North America;
<emphasis id="047413A1A8AE8064C52AA25F00C858D9" italics="true" pageNumber="608">
<taxonomicName id="3280C0CC74FB1BBF8B78D127248E91D7" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caurina">M. caurina</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Pacific
<collectingRegion id="6CC6048E86458FE7014C9F34D140C3C4" country="Botswana" name="North West">Northwest</collectingRegion>
and the Great Plains). However, most have recognized that there are two distinct subspecies groups &quot;
<taxonomicName id="2419C458DB7881EE9463C1BC59ECB171" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caurina">
<emphasis id="0BE169DF3C3D9D53005B11DBAFD0B082" italics="true" pageNumber="608">caurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; and &quot;
<taxonomicName id="16D723A0BB20DCE5A1DFCD7CFFA230C6" authorityName="Turton" authorityYear="1806" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B41FB32C2F9D3A3D4363EADCB9575E65" italics="true" pageNumber="608">americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="84A5CA2CE42271AF61374CE721A23725" author="Anderson, E." refId="ref8298" refString="Anderson, E. 1970. Quaternary evolution of the genus Martes (Carnivora, Mustelidae). Acta Zoologica Fennica, 130: 1 - 132." year="1970">Anderson, 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
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;
<bibRefCitation id="298C3366533E78733D4A894063F09DB5" author="Graham, R. W. &amp; M. A. Graham" refId="ref126601" refString="Graham, R. W., and M. A. Graham. 1994. Late Quaternary distribution of Martes in North America. Pp. 26 - 58, in Martens, sables, and fishers: Biology and conservation (S. W. Buskirk, A. S. Harestad, M. G. Raphael, and R. A. Powell, eds.). Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. 484 pp." year="1994">Graham and Graham, 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F000E67458914304E5FE34D7E7323A3A" author="Hagmeier, E. M." refId="ref136973" refString="Hagmeier, E. M. 1961. Variation and relationships in North American marten. Canadian Field Naturalist, 75: 122 - 138." year="1961">Hagmeier, 1961</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0D325878CA49C5F0A79D55493D082A16" author="Stone, K. D. &amp; J. A. Cook" refId="ref341007" refString="Stone, K. D., and J. A. Cook. 2002. Molecular evolution of Holarctic martens (genus Martes, Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 24 (2): 169 - 179." year="2002">Stone and Cook, 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Synonyms allocated according to
<bibRefCitation id="F3EC8E684605500F6A66CB04714355BA" author="Hall, E. R." refId="ref137310" refString="Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90." year="1981">Hall (1981)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="D1637D187F6B97B0837396DCDE1C375E" author="Clark, T. W. &amp; E. Anderson &amp; C. Douglas &amp; M. Strickland" refId="ref62575" refString="Clark, T. W., E. Anderson, C. Douglas, and M. Strickland. 1987. Martes americana. Mammalian Species, 289: 1 - 8." year="1987">Clark et al. (1987)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="7A3B203F26FDAACDA846BCF8FEEB0746" author="Stone, K. D. &amp; J. A. Cook" refId="ref341007" refString="Stone, K. D., and J. A. Cook. 2002. Molecular evolution of Holarctic martens (genus Martes, Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 24 (2): 169 - 179." year="2002">Stone and Cook (2002)</bibRefCitation>
placed in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="1BFE6C5DED0A66E218CAF508F3475743" authorityName="Pinel" authorityYear="1792" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="68C087F1A340D3A31317CC6F76B04B4B" italics="true" pageNumber="608">Martes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>