167 lines
13 KiB
XML
167 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.134.1653" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fea07c96-9319-41a6-a35d-607371fc89d9" ID-PMC="PMC3229211" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-134-65" ID-PubMed="22140342" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-134-65" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 134" ModsDocTitle="Entedoninae wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in tropical America, with new species and notes on their biology" checkinTime="1451249805820" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hansson, Christer, Lachaud, Jean-Paul & Perez-Lachaud, Gabriela" docDate="2011" docId="F4597C808F2E8EB0E9B9D3E3313E9018" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 134: 62-82" docOrigin="ZooKeys 134" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.134.1653" docTitle="Horismenus microdonophagus Hansson, Lachaud & Perez-Lachaud, 2011, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="E87F4558AD69FFE5FFC6FFF57C1CFFE3" masterDocTitle="Entedoninae wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in tropical America, with new species and notes on their biology" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="69" updateTime="1668152349205" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Entedoninae wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in tropical America, with new species and notes on their biology</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Hansson, Christer</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Lachaud, Jean-Paul</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Perez-Lachaud, Gabriela</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>134</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>65</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>82</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.134.1653</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.134.1653</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-134-65</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031335" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1848E913-005D-48C1-8431-870D4FACB80F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4597C808F2E8EB0E9B9D3E3313E9018" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="69" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1848E913-005D-48C1-8431-870D4FACB80F" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Horismenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horismenus microdonophagus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microdonophagus">Horismenus microdonophagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="69">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figures 7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1118–">-1118-</normalizedToken>
|
||
19, 222527
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" type="material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="70" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
|
||
HOLOTYPE female (BMNH) glued to a card, labelled "MEXICO: Chiapas, Tuxtla, Chico, Rosario Izapa,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="14.973611">14°58'25"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-92.15528">92°09'19"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 430 m, 28.ii.2010, G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-Lachaud">Perez-Lachaud</normalizedToken>
|
||
& J.-P. Lachaud, reared from larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microdon</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., predator inside
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="71" start="start">Camponotus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. ca. textor, nest no. 3". PARATYPES. 10 ♀ 2♂ with same label data as holotype (4 ♀ 1♂ in BMNH, 1♀ in CH, 5♀ 1♂ in ECO-CH-AR).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Fore wing speculum covered with setae (Fig. 22); scutellum transverse, 0.75X as long as wide, entirely reticulate with raised and strong reticulation and with a narrow median groove in anterior half (Fig. 9); propodeum with a median carina but without submedian grooves (Fig. 10). This species is easy to recognize through these diagnostic features.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Female. Length 2.0 mm. Scape
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="yellowish–brown">yellowish-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||
, pedicel pale brown, flagellum dark brown. Frons dark
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="golden–green">golden-green</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig. 25). Vertex
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="golden–red">golden-red</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Mesoscutum
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="golden–red">golden-red</normalizedToken>
|
||
with posterior 2/3 of midlobe metallic
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="bluish–green">bluish-green</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig. 26), to predominantly metallic
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="bluish–green">bluish-green</normalizedToken>
|
||
or
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="golden–green">golden-green</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Scutellum golden with a median spot metallic
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="bluish–green">bluish-green</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig. 26), to predominantly metallic
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="bluish–green">bluish-green</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Propodeum metallic purple (Fig. 26). Coxae black to dark brown with
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="golden–green">golden-green</normalizedToken>
|
||
tinges; femora, tibiae and tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="yellowish–brown">yellowish-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Wings hyaline. Petiole black, shiny. Gaster metallic dark purple.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Antenna as in Fig. 18. Frons (Fig. 7) with interscrobal and clypeal areas and part just above frontal suture smooth, remaining parts with raised and strong reticulation with small meshes; frontal suture
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="V–shaped">V-shaped</normalizedToken>
|
||
, incomplete not reaching eyes; antennal scrobes join with frontal suture separately. Vertex (Fig. 8) with raised and strong reticulation, areas just behind posterior ocelli smooth; posterior part without median groove. Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Mesoscutum and scutellum with raised and strong reticulation (Fig. 9); notauli as indistinct impressions, forming posterior part of midlobe to an indistinct triangle. Dorsellum concave with raised and strong reticulation. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 10) or with raised and weak reticulation; median carina narrow and weak; propodeal callus with 5-7 setae and with 2-3 additional setae on median part of propodeum. Coxae smooth. Fore wing speculum absent or very small, obliterated by setae (Fig. 22); with 15 admarginal setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Gaster (Fig. 11) with first tergite smooth and shiny with a very weak reticulate band close to posterior margin.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Figures 7-11. Horismenus microdonophagus female: 7 head in frontal view 8 vertex 9 thoracic dorsum and petiole 10 propodeum 11 gaster in dorsal view. Abbreviation alf = anterolateral fovea.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="ratios">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Ratios.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">DE/DO 4.2; WH/DE 2.4; HE/MS/WM 2.7/1.0/1.4; POL/OOL/POO 3.1/1.0/1.6; WH/WT 0.9; LW/LM/HW 1.9/1.2/1.0; PM/ST 1.7; LC/WC 4.0; WG/WC 1.5; LS/LT 0.32; LP/WP 1.5; MM/LG 1.3-1.4.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Male. Length 1.6 mm. The male is similar to the female except: scape inflated (Fig. 19) and dark brown, slightly longer petiole and shorter gaster.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="ratios">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Ratios.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">HE/MS/WM 2.4/1.0/1.2; LP/WP 1.6; MM/LG 1.6.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Named after the feeding habits of larvae (from the Greek microdonophagus = eater of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microdon</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Mexico (Chiapas).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Horismenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horismenus microdonophagus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microdonophagus">Horismenus microdonophagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a gregarious endoparasitoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microdon</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Diptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diptera" order="Saxifragales" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Syrphidae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" rank="family">Syrphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a predator on the brood of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Camponotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. ca. textor. One
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microdon</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. larva that was about to pupate was found inside a
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Camponotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
nest. From this single host 79 females and 6 males of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Horismenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horismenus microdonophagus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microdonophagus">Horismenus microdonophagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
emerged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">One of the two males has the flagellum of both antennae missing, as have also some of the female paratypes, and the other male has the entire right flagellum and apical two flagellomeres of the left antenna missing. Only specimens in fair condition were included in the description, i.e. are type material. The remaining specimens were too fragmented to be included.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |