157 lines
16 KiB
XML
157 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-ISSN="0003-0090" approvalRequired="248" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="67" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="120" approvalRequired_for_treatments="60" checkinTime="1630255760165" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Conrad, J. L." docDate="2008" docId="BF23879DD13CFFD5FF1CAF9D4BF2D274" docLanguage="en" docName="B310.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2008 (310)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743.1:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleId="2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Anguiformes Conrad 2006" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="112" masterDocId="431AFFE5D153FFBAFFA0AE674F56D039" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny And Systematics Of Squamata (Reptilia) Based On Morphology" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="112" updateTime="1630877461833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogeny And Systematics Of Squamata (Reptilia) Based On Morphology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Conrad, J. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2008-06-03</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>2008</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>310</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>182</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF23879DD13CFFD5FF1CAF9D4BF2D274" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF23879DD13CFFD5FF1CAF9D4BF2D274" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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<subSubSection pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="111.[188,524,506,558]" box="[188,524,506,528]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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<heading box="[188,524,506,528]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Conrad, 2006 b" authorityName="Conrad" authorityYear="2006" box="[188,524,506,528]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguiformes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Anguiformes Conrad, 2006b</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="111.[188,524,506,558]" box="[229,483,536,558]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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<heading box="[229,483,536,558]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" reason="4">(figs. 54D, 55D, 56C)</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="111.[93,620,581,1759]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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DEFINITION:
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<taxonomicName box="[282,450,582,605]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
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<emphasis box="[282,450,582,605]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Anguis fragilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="White" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Varanus varius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and all descendants of their last common ancestor.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="111.[93,620,581,1759]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">DIAGNOSIS: This analysis recovers five unambiguous synapomorphies for anguiforms. These are 74(0) absence of frontal tabs on the parietal, 76(1) presence of an anteroposteriorly elongate decensus parietalis, 198(0) absence of a posterior overlap of the coronoid by the dentary, 221(1) replacement teeth occur posterolingually with a small resorption pit, and 260(0) clavicles lacking proximal expansion; thus, rod-like.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="111.[93,620,581,1759]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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COMMENTS: The phylogenetic topology presented in this analysis differs from that of Conrad (2006b) in the placement of
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<taxonomicName box="[93,182,1057,1078]" class="Reptilia" family="Seguenziidae" genus="Carusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[93,182,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Carusia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gao and Nessov" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[245,410,1057,1079]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Xenosauridae</taxonomicName>
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. The earlier analysis found
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<taxonomicName box="[228,317,1087,1108]" class="Reptilia" family="Seguenziidae" genus="Carusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[228,317,1087,1108]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Carusia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gao and Nessov" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[384,545,1086,1108]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Xenosauridae</taxonomicName>
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to be successively more proximal outgroups to a clade containing anguids, shinisaurids, and varanoids (Conrad, 2006b), but the present study recovers a monophyletic Carusioidea (sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Gao, K. - Q. & M. A. Norell" box="[185,479,1234,1256]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref89425" refString="Gao, K. - Q., and M. A. Norell. 1998. Taxonomic revision of Carusia (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert, and phylogenetic relationships of anguimorphan lizards. American Museum Novitates 3230: 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="1998">Gao and Norell, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Gao, K. - Q. & M. A. Norell" box="[503,561,1234,1255]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="1 - 118" refId="ref89476" refString="Gao, K. - Q., and M. A. Norell. 2000. Taxonomic composition, and systematics of Late Cretaceous lizard assemblages from Ukhaa Tolgod and adjacent localities, Mongolian Gobi Desert. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 249: 1 - 118." type="journal article" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
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; see below) as the sister-taxon to a clade containing modern anguids (figs. 54D, 55D). Regardless, the name
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Conrad" authorityYear="2006" box="[330,482,1323,1345]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguiformes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Anguiformes</taxonomicName>
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is retained and maintains its meaning as a clade containing anguids and varanoids (among others) to the exclusion of more basal anguimorphs (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Endo & Shikama" authorityYear="1942" box="[321,487,1440,1463]" class="Reptilia" family="Ardeosauridae" genus="Yabeinosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[321,487,1440,1463]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Yabeinosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="111.[93,620,581,1759]" lastBlockId="111.[667,1194,213,589]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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Note that Diploglossa might have been an alternative name for this clade or even for the clade described above as Anguimorpha if not for re-definition of that name (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lee, M. S. Y." box="[484,607,1560,1582]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="369 - 453" refId="ref93302" refString="Lee, M. S. Y. 1998. Convergent evolution and character correlation in burrowing reptiles: towards a resolution of squamate relationships. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 65: 369 - 453." type="journal article" year="1998">Lee, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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). That definition, ‘‘The least inclusive clade containing [
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<taxonomicName box="[230,363,1619,1641]" class="Reptilia" family="Cordylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cordylidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[375,487,1619,1641]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scincidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Alifanov" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[499,615,1619,1641]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Anguidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gao and Nessov" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[93,257,1648,1670]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Xenosauridae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1837" box="[272,462,1648,1670]" class="Reptilia" family="Helodermatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Helodermatidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Lanthanotidae" genus="Lanthanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Lanthanotus borneensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="White" authorityYear="1790" box="[282,377,1679,1700]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[282,377,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Varanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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] to the exclusion of [
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[99,306,1708,1730]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rhynchocephalia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[340,459,1708,1730]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Iguanidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="sensu Frost and Etheridge" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[493,615,1708,1730]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Agaminae">Agaminae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[93,195,1736,1759]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Leiolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[93,195,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Leiolepis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1820" box="[209,337,1738,1759]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Uromastyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[209,337,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Uromastyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[352,549,1737,1759]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Chamaeleonidae</taxonomicName>
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, Xan- tusiidae,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[793,966,213,235]" class="Reptilia" family="Eublepharidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eublepharinae">Eublepharinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Underwood" authorityYear="1954" box="[1000,1189,213,235]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplodactylinae">Diplodactylinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[667,813,242,264]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkoninae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gekkoninae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[828,983,242,264]" class="Reptilia" family="Pygopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pygopodidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[998,1124,242,264]" class="Reptilia" family="Lacertidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Lacertidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1827" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Teiidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName box="[788,1027,271,294]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gymnophthalmidae</taxonomicName>
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]’’ (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lee, M. S. Y." pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="369 - 453" refId="ref93302" refString="Lee, M. S. Y. 1998. Convergent evolution and character correlation in burrowing reptiles: towards a resolution of squamate relationships. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 65: 369 - 453." type="journal article" year="1998">Lee, 1998: 436</bibRefCitation>
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) describes a paraphyletic group in this phylogenetic hypothesis. If that group name is made monophyletic by amending the definition to fewer excluded taxa, then the name becomes a synonym for Autarchoglossa. However, traditional usage of Diploglossa (see, for example
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<bibRefCitation author="Romer, A. S." box="[956,1112,479,501]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refId="ref99560" refString="Romer, A. S. 1956. Osteology of the reptiles. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 772 pp." type="book" year="1956">Romer, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Estes, R." pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refId="ref87654" refString="Estes, R. 1983. Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia. New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 249 pp." type="book" year="1983">Estes, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Estes, R. & G. Pregill" box="[744,1033,508,530]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refId="ref87778" refString="Estes, R., and G. Pregill. 1988. Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 631 pp." type="book" year="1988">Estes and Pregill, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Uetz, P." box="[1051,1185,508,530]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refId="ref101248" refString="Uetz, P. 2007. The Reptile Database. http: // www. reptile-database. com. Research Center Karlsruhe, Accessed 2007." type="url" year="2007">Uetz, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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) does not intend the inclusion of scincomorphs such as Cordyliformes or
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<taxonomicName box="[1071,1184,567,589]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scincidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |