treatments-xml/data/79/5D/87/795D87BAFFB66B1785B1FC8AABC6F995.xml

<document id="B34783C54BEE523C687E7F8FBAE4B396" ID-CLB-Dataset="5800" ID-DOI="10.2478/aemnp-2018-0032" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7a4ac9ad-4d2d-4808-9067-c02edb77fc23" ID-ISSN="1804-6487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4504894" ID-ZooBank="8187447B-B951-4D73-973B-0AB6BB038A81" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612474315018" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bui, Van Bac &amp; Bonkowski, Michael" docDate="2018" docId="795D87BAFFB66B1785B1FC8AABC6F995" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.58.2.407-418.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 58 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2018-0032" docStyle="DocumentStyle:BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85.8:ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Synapsis puluongensis Bui &amp; Bonkowski 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="413" masterDocId="8564FFC2FFB76B118670FF9AA93FFF80" masterDocTitle="Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. and redescription of S. horaki (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with a key to Vietnamese species" masterLastPageNumber="418" masterPageNumber="407" pageNumber="408" updateTime="1698927446357" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="24FC783C7EEE81305AB433A700C2B819">Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. and redescription of S. horaki (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with a key to Vietnamese species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="121855091014F76E3702AC5FABB2A3BC">Bui, Van Bac</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4293A49B8D601DC0CAAAED2D3FD8C5FF">Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47 b, D- 50674 Cologne, Germany; e-mail: m. bonkowski @ unikoeln. de &amp; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Forest Resources and Environmental Management, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Xuan Mai, Chuong My, Hanoi, Vietnam; e-mails: buibac 80 @ gmail. com, vbui</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CBE700317625432AF79C1871DDD4F81D">Bonkowski, Michael</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="22804F52FF39864F8D88A37DFBE4BA71">Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47 b, D- 50674 Cologne, Germany; e-mail: m. bonkowski @ unikoeln. de</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="6D34FA0E8511E3987961B111D1D82F1D">2018</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB66B1085B1FC8AAD84FCA8" ID-CoL="7B7Y9" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[961,1211,784,808]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB66B1085B1FC8AAD84FCA8" bold="true" box="[961,1211,784,808]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">Synapsis puluongensis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB66B1082B1FC8BAC28FCA8" box="[1217,1303,785,808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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(
<figureCitation id="69CF2A29FFB66B108269FCB5AD74FCC2" box="[1049,1099,815,834]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,182,2049,2068]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,202,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-13@2.[148,1439,186,1880]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. A–B – male, holotype. C–D – female, paratype. E – aedeagus, lateral view. F – aedeagus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504896/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">Figs 1</figureCitation>
A–F, 2A,C,E)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9EE6527FFB66B10854CFCC3ACA1FB2C" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" type="materials_examined">
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<typeStatus id="2E4F880EFFB66B10854CFCC3AA56FCEC" box="[828,873,857,876]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="89E3763CFFB66B1085C9FCC3AD3CFCEC" box="[953,1027,857,876]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="3330F84EFFB66B10827CFCC3AD81FCEC" box="[1036,1214,857,876]" country="Vietnam" name="Thanh Hoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">Thanh Hoa Province</collectingRegion>
, Puluong Nature Reserve, 
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<geoCoordinate id="94C0506BFFB66B1085D5FCEEAD2DFC07" box="[933,1042,884,903]" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" precision="15" seconds="31" value="105.24194">105º14′31″E</geoCoordinate>
, 
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a.s.l.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB66B10854CFC14AA82FC21" bold="true" box="[828,957,910,929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">Type material</emphasis>
. 
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<typeStatus id="2E4F880EFFB66B1085BAFC14AD22FC1F" box="[970,1053,910,929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
: ♁ ‘ 
<collectingCountry id="89E3763CFFB66B108235FC14AD94FC21" box="[1093,1195,910,929]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
| 
<collectingRegion id="3330F84EFFB66B1082CFFC14AC4BFC21" box="[1215,1396,910,929]" country="Vietnam" name="Thanh Hoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">THANH HOA Prov.</collectingRegion>
| 
<collectingMunicipality id="112FACD6FFB66B1083F6FC14AAD6FC3C" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">Pu Luong Nat. Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, near 
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vill. | 
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<geoCoordinate id="94C0506BFFB66B108370FC33AC4CFC3C" box="[1280,1395,937,956]" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" precision="15" seconds="31" value="105.24194">105º14’31’’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB66B10830CFC33AA72FC57" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="950.0">
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</quantity>
| primary forest | 
<date id="854A106CFFB66B1085AAFC5EAD68FC57" box="[986,1111,964,983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" value="2016-04-10" valueMax="2016-04-25" valueMin="2016-04-10">
<collectingDate id="950EE984FFB66B1085AAFC5EAD68FC57" box="[986,1111,964,983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" value="2016-04-10" valueMax="2016-04-25" valueMin="2016-04-10">10.–25.iv.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
| 
<collectorName id="5C01537AFFB66B108212FC5EADF5FC57" box="[1122,1226,964,983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">Van Bac Bui</collectorName>
leg.’ (
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)
</materialsCitation>
. 
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(five specimens): ♁, ‘ 
<collectingCountry id="89E3763CFFB66B108580FC44AD69FC71" box="[1008,1110,990,1009]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
| 
<collectingRegion id="3330F84EFFB66B108214FC44AC2CFC71" box="[1124,1299,990,1009]" country="Vietnam" name="Thanh Hoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">THANH HOA Prov.</collectingRegion>
| Pu Luong Nat. Reserve, near Ban Ba vill. | 
<geoCoordinate id="94C0506BFFB66B108259FC63ADACFB8C" box="[1065,1171,1017,1036]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" precision="15" seconds="55" value="20.481945">20º28’55’’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="94C0506BFFB66B1082E8FC63AC33FB8C" box="[1176,1292,1017,1036]" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" precision="15" seconds="29" value="105.24139">105º14’29’’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB66B108364FC63AC74FB8C" box="[1300,1355,1017,1036]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.58" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="958.0">958 m</quantity>
| primary forest | 
<date id="854A106CFFB66B10850DFB8EAD3CFBA7" box="[893,1027,1044,1063]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" value="2016-04-10" valueMax="2016-04-25" valueMin="2016-04-10">10.–25.iv. 2016</date>
| Van Bac Bui leg.’ (
<collectionCode id="97E5AE69FFB66B1082C9FB8EADC7FBA7" box="[1209,1272,1044,1063]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">VNUF</collectionCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="E7F2FD25FFB66B108379FB8AAC28FBA7" box="[1289,1303,1040,1063]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, ‘VIETNNAM | 
<collectingRegion id="3330F84EFFB66B108538FBB4AD3FFBC1" box="[840,1024,1070,1089]" country="Vietnam" name="Thanh Hoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">THANH HOA Prov.</collectingRegion>
| Pu Luong Nat. Reserve, near Ban Ba vill. | 
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<geoCoordinate id="94C0506BFFB66B1085DAFBD3AD21FBDC" box="[938,1054,1097,1116]" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" precision="15" seconds="29" value="105.24139">105º14’29’’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB66B108256FBD3AD63FBDC" box="[1062,1116,1097,1116]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="954.0">954 m</quantity>
| primary forest | 
<date id="854A106CFFB66B10829FFBD3AC51FBDC" box="[1263,1390,1097,1116]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" value="2016-04-10" valueMax="2016-04-25" valueMin="2016-04-10">10.–25.iv.2016</date>
| Van Bien Nguyen leg.’ (
<collectionCode id="97E5AE69FFB66B1085ADFBFEAD24FBF7" box="[989,1051,1124,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">VNUF</collectionCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="E7F2FD25FFB66B108258FBFEAD6DFBF7" box="[1064,1106,1120,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
, ‘ 
<collectingCountry id="89E3763CFFB66B10822EFBFEADFBFBF7" box="[1118,1220,1124,1143]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
| 
<collectingRegion id="3330F84EFFB66B1082BFFBFEAC44FBF7" box="[1231,1403,1124,1143]" country="Vietnam" name="Thanh Hoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">THANH HOA Prov.</collectingRegion>
| Pu Luong Nat.Reserve, near Ban Ba vill. | 
<geoCoordinate id="94C0506BFFB66B1082F2FBE4ADD5FB11" box="[1154,1258,1150,1169]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" precision="15" seconds="56" value="20.482224">20º28’56’’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="94C0506BFFB66B10829EFBE4AC5EFB11" box="[1262,1377,1150,1169]" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" precision="15" seconds="28" value="105.241104">105º14’28’’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB66B108318FBE4ACA2FB11" box="[1384,1437,1150,1169]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.559999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="956.0">956 m</quantity>
| primary forest | 
<date id="854A106CFFB66B1085BAFB03AD76FB2C" box="[970,1097,1177,1196]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" value="2016-04-10" valueMax="2016-04-25" valueMin="2016-04-10">10.–25.iv.2016</date>
| Van Bac Bui leg.’ (2 
<collectionCode id="97E5AE69FFB66B108374FB03AC02FB2C" box="[1284,1341,1177,1196]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">PLNR</collectionCode>
, 1 
<collectionCode id="97E5AE69FFB66B108323FB03ACACFB2C" box="[1363,1427,1177,1196]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hj12-2xm7" name="National Museum Prague" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">NMPC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9EE6527FFB66B10854CFB5EADEAFA1B" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB66B10854CFB5EADEAFA1B" blockId="1.[828,1437,1220,2075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB66B10854CFB5EAA8FFB5B" bold="true" box="[828,944,1220,1243]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body length 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB66B10824DFB5EADE6FB5B" box="[1085,1241,1220,1243]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.785" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.72" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" unit="mm" value="17.85" valueMax="18.5" valueMin="17.2">17.2–18.5 mm</quantity>
, body width 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB66B108310FB5EAAA2FB7B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.095" metricValueMax="1.15" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" unit="mm" value="10.95" valueMax="11.5" valueMin="10.4">10.4– 11.5 mm</quantity>
; hypomeral cavities not covered by macrosetae; mesepisternal cavities absent; genae unexpanded; frons unarmed; anterolateral angles of pronotum not protruding; elytral striae strongly punctate; elytral intervals impunctate, convex and glossy, interval 2 near base not swollen; ventral sides of metafemora densely punctate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9EE6527FFB66B15854CFA3EAD42FEB9" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="411" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" type="description">
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB66B10854CFA3EAD30F99B" blockId="1.[828,1437,1220,2075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB66B10854CFA3EADA5FA3B" bold="true" box="[828,1178,1444,1467]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">
Description of 
<typeStatus id="2E4F880EFFB66B108593FA3EAD7AFA3B" box="[995,1093,1444,1467]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(male).
</emphasis>
Body length 
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, body width 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB66B1085CFFA5EAD0FFA5B" box="[959,1072,1476,1499]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.132" pageId="1" pageNumber="408" unit="mm" value="11.32">11.32 mm</quantity>
. Whole surface black, very shiny and glabrous. Margins of legs and pronotum with reddish- brown macrosetae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB66B10852AF9B9ADE2F79B" blockId="1.[828,1437,1220,2075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB66B10852AF9B9AAA8F9BB" bold="true" box="[858,919,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="408">Head</emphasis>
broad (HeadL 
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, HeadW 
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), extremely rugose anteriorly; posterior part sparsely punctate; fine punctures surrounding eyes. Anterior margin of clypeus bidentate, V-shaped, flexed upwards, with few reddish setae. Distance between apices of clypeal denticles (DDC) 
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. Genae rectangular, quite distinctly separated from clypeus and frons by well-defined suture with sculptural punctures. Genae closely and evenly punctate, with scanty reddish macrosetae. Frons glabrous and very unevenly punctate. Area surrounding eyes bearing more closely spaced and coarser punctures than base. Frons unarmed, only slightly swollen. Antennae composed of 9 antennomeres. Antennomere I 
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in length, longer than antennomeres II–IV combined (
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in length). Antennomeres I and II darker, bearing more yellow macrosetae than remaining antennomeres.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A58B6624FFB56B1386E7F79BAC77F794" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504896" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4504896" box="[151,1352,2049,2068]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" startId="2.[151,182,2049,2068]" targetBox="[151,1430,202,1863]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB56B1386E7F79BAC77F794" blockId="2.[151,1352,2049,2068]" box="[151,1352,2049,2068]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
Fig. 1. 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB56B1386A4F79BA8AAF794" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[212,405,2049,2068]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB56B1386A4F79BA8AAF794" box="[212,405,2049,2068]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Synapsis puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB56B1387E9F79BA8E3F794" box="[409,476,2049,2068]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A–B – male, holotype. C–D – female, paratype. E – aedeagus, lateral view. F – aedeagus, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB46B1286C5FF27A815FF55" bold="true" box="[181,298,189,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB46B1286C5FF27A81CFF55" bold="true" box="[181,291,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">Prothorax</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Pronotum transverse (PronL 
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, PronW 
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), widest at anterior quarter, with two distinct lateral carinae at each side. Area between carinae black, matte, glabrous and not punctate. Outer margin of outer carina with dense reddish-brown macrosetae. Anterolateral angles short and not protruding. Punctures not evenly distributed, denser at sides. Only small area at anterior edge of pronotal collar microrugose. Hypomeral cavities present but shallow, sparsely punctate and not covered with macrosetae. Meso-metaventrum quite smooth, with a few scattered fine punctures at its anterior end, bearing posterior median groove and deep excavation near metacoxae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB46B15852AFEA7A850FF75" blockId="3.[828,1437,190,437]" lastBlockId="4.[151,761,190,885]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="411" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB46B12852AFEA7AADAFED5" bold="true" box="[858,997,317,341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB46B12852AFEA7AAE1FED5" bold="true" box="[858,990,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">Pterothorax</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Elytra (ElyL 
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, MWoI123: 
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) convex, very shiny, deeply striate; elytral striae strongly, densely punctate (DP10, 15: 
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); intervals smooth and impunctate. Interval 2 near base not swollen. Mesepimeron and metepisternum flat, granulose and without macrosetae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A58B6624FFB46B1286E7FA58ABB2F9C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504898" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4504898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504898/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" startId="3.[151,182,1474,1493]" targetBox="[158,1431,469,1465]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB46B1286E7FA58ABB2F9C0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1474,1600]" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">
Fig. 2. Morphological details of 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB46B1287D6FA58A8CEFA55" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1868" box="[422,497,1474,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB46B1287D6FA58A8CEFA55" box="[422,497,1474,1493]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">Synapsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.A–B – elytral surface:A – 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB46B128569FA58AAA1FA55" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[793,926,1474,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB46B128569FA58AAA1FA55" box="[793,926,1474,1493]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">S. puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB46B1285D2FA58AADBFA55" box="[930,996,1474,1493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
with elytral striae strongly and densely punctate and interval 2 not swollen; B – 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB46B12870EFA47ABA3FA70" authority="Zidek &amp; Pokorny, 2010" authorityName="Zidek &amp; Pokorny" authorityYear="2010" box="[382,668,1501,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horaki">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB46B12870EFA47A8F4FA70" box="[382,459,1501,1520]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">S. horaki</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="95654B5DFFB46B1287A0FA47ABA3FA70" author="ZIDEK J. &amp; POKORNY S." box="[464,668,1501,1520]" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref7657" refString="ZIDEK J. &amp; POKORNY S. 2010: Review of Synapsis Bates (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Coprini), with description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 142: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2010">Zídek &amp; Pokorný, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with elytral striae impunctate and interval 2 swollen. C–D – metafemora: C – 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB46B12834AFA47A9FDF98B" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB46B12834AFA47A9FDF98B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">S. puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB46B1286B7FA62A832F98B" box="[199,269,1528,1547]" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; D – 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB46B12874AFA62A8D4F98B" authority="Gillet, 1911" authorityName="Gillet" authorityYear="1911" box="[314,491,1528,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yama">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB46B12874AFA62A842F98B" box="[314,381,1528,1547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">S. yama</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="95654B5DFFB46B1287F3FA62A8D4F98B" author="GILLET J. J. E." box="[387,491,1528,1547]" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" pagination="313 - 314" refId="ref7254" refString="GILLET J. J. E. 1911: Coprides nouveaux de la region orientale et remarques synonymiques. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 55: 313 - 314." type="journal article" year="1911">Gillet, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. E–F – setation of hypomeral cavities: E – 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB46B12852CFA62AADCF98B" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[860,995,1528,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB46B12852CFA62AADCF98B" box="[860,995,1528,1547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">S. puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB46B128598FA62AD12F98B" box="[1000,1069,1528,1547]" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; F – 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB46B128227FA62AC0DF98B" authority="Gillet, 1907" authorityName="Gillet" authorityYear="1907" box="[1111,1330,1528,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanica">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB46B128227FA62ADFBF98B" box="[1111,1220,1528,1547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">S. birmanica</emphasis>
Gillet, 1907
</taxonomicName>
. G – elytron of 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB46B1286DEF988A8F2F9A5" authority="Kral &amp; Rejsek, 2000" authorityName="Kral &amp; Rejsek" authorityYear="2000" box="[174,461,1554,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naxiorum">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB46B1286DEF988A829F9A5" box="[174,278,1554,1573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">S. naxiorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="95654B5DFFB46B12876BF988A8F2F9A5" author="KRAL D. &amp; REJSEK J." box="[283,461,1554,1573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" pagination="267 - 270" refId="ref7420" refString="KRAL D. &amp; REJSEK J. 2000: Synapsis naxiorum sp. n. from Yunnan (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 64: 267 - 270." type="journal article" year="2000">Král &amp; Rejsek, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with weakly and sparsely punctate elytral striae and intervals weakly punctate. H–I – eye coloration in specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB46B1286DEF9B7A8F0F9C0" authority="Zidek &amp; Pokorny, 2010" authorityName="Zidek &amp; Pokorny" authorityYear="2010" box="[174,463,1581,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horaki">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB46B1286DEF9B7A9C3F9C0" box="[174,252,1581,1600]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">S. horaki</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="95654B5DFFB46B128771F9B7A8F0F9C0" author="ZIDEK J. &amp; POKORNY S." box="[257,463,1581,1600]" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref7657" refString="ZIDEK J. &amp; POKORNY S. 2010: Review of Synapsis Bates (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Coprini), with description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 142: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2010">Zídek &amp; Pokorný, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: H – female; I – male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A58B6624FFB46B1286E7F78BAA0AF7A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504900" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4504900" box="[151,821,2065,2084]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504900/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" startId="3.[151,182,2065,2084]" targetBox="[152,1434,1627,2050]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB46B1286E7F78BAA0AF7A4" blockId="3.[151,821,2065,2084]" box="[151,821,2065,2084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">
Fig. 3. Habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB46B12875FF78BA8CFF7A4" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[303,496,2065,2084]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB46B12875FF78BA8CFF7A4" box="[303,496,2065,2084]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="410">Synapsis puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB46B128785F78BAB07F7A4" box="[501,568,2065,2084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="410" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in Pu Luong Nature Reserve.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB36B1586C5FF64AB9AFD95" blockId="4.[151,761,190,885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1586C5FF64A9CEFE95" bold="true" box="[181,241,254,277]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1586C5FF64A9D6FE95" bold="true" box="[181,233,254,277]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Legs</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Protibia (ProTiL 
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, ProTiW 
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, ProTiSL 
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) tridentate, terminal tooth as long as protibial spur and nearly as long as protibial tarsus. Mesotibia (MesoTiL 
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, MesoTiW 
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, 1 
<superScript id="06819BE4FFB36B15840FFEC6ABC7FEF5" attach="right" box="[639,760,348,373]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">stMesoTiSL</superScript>
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, 2 
<superScript id="06819BE4FFB36B158761FEE6A8AEFE15" attach="right" box="[273,401,380,405]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">ndMesoTiSL</superScript>
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB36B1587E8FEE4A8D3FE15" box="[408,492,382,405]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
) and metatibia (MetaTiL 
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, MetaTiW 
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, MetaTiSL 
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) with red scanty macrosetae and slender spurs. Metatarsomeres nearly similar in size (MetaTaL 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB36B15879AFE44AB74FE75" box="[490,587,478,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.72" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" unit="mm" value="3.72">3.72 mm</quantity>
, MetaTa1L 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB36B1584B9FE44A9FCFD95" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" unit="mm" value="1.08">1.08 mm</quantity>
, MetaTa1W 
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, MetaTa5W 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB36B158446FE64ABA6FD95" box="[566,665,510,533]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" unit="mm" value="0.32">0.32 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB36B1586C5FD87AB2DFD15" blockId="4.[151,761,190,885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1586C5FD87A8FEFDB5" bold="true" box="[181,449,541,565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1586C5FD87A885FDB5" bold="true" box="[181,442,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Abdomen and pygidium</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Abdominal ventrites opaque, sparsely punctate, and narrower at midline. Pygidium (PyL 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB36B1586A2FDC4A80DFDF5" box="[210,306,606,629]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.46" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" unit="mm" value="2.46">2.46 mm</quantity>
, PyW 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB36B158707FDC4A8F5FDF5" box="[375,458,606,629]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
) feebly convex, densely and transversely punctate and scabrous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB36B1586C5FD07ABEEFC95" blockId="4.[151,761,190,885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1586C5FD07A81FFD35" bold="true" box="[181,288,669,693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Aedeagus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="69CF2A29FFB36B15875FFD04A89CFD35" box="[303,419,670,693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,182,2049,2068]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,202,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-13@2.[148,1439,186,1880]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. A–B – male, holotype. C–D – female, paratype. E – aedeagus, lateral view. F – aedeagus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504896/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Figs 1E, F</figureCitation>
). Phallobase length 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB36B15840CFD04ABE4FD35" box="[636,731,670,693]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.57" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" unit="mm" value="3.57">3.57 mm</quantity>
in lateral view, with strong swelling in middle of basal suture. Parameres length 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB36B158725FD44A88CFD75" box="[341,435,734,757]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" unit="mm" value="2.19">2.19 mm</quantity>
(in lateral view), triangle-shaped. Phallobase and parameres forming angle&gt; 130º.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB36B1586C5FC87AC6EFE99" blockId="4.[151,761,190,885]" lastBlockId="4.[828,1437,194,889]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1586C5FC87A8AFFCB5" bold="true" box="[181,400,797,821]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1586C5FC87A8B5FCB5" bold="true" box="[181,394,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Sexual dimorphism</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Females differ from males in their weaker elytral striae, and meso- and metatrochanters with sparser reddish-brown macrosetae (absent in some specimens). Sexes also differ in the shape and strength of the metafemoral tooth, which is stronger in males. Compound eyes black in females but reddish brown in males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB36B15854CFEB8AD42FEB9" blockId="4.[828,1437,194,889]" box="[828,1149,290,313]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B15854CFEB8AACBFEB9" bold="true" box="[828,1012,290,313]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Morphometrics.</emphasis>
See 
<tableCitation id="BC760317FFB36B158257FEB8AD48FEB9" box="[1063,1143,290,313]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[151,198,940,959]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics and morphology of Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. and S. horaki Zídek &amp; Pokorný, 2010 (in mm, except body weight in g)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A58B6624FFB36B1586E7FC36ACBCFC3F" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" tableUuid="A58B6624FFB36B1586E7FC36ACBCFC3F">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9EE6527FFB36B17854CFED8A871FB15" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="413" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB36B15854CFED8ACACFD19" blockId="4.[828,1437,194,889]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B15854CFED8AD03FED9" bold="true" box="[828,1084,322,345]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B158236FED8AC03FED9" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[1094,1340,322,345]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B158236FED8AC03FED9" box="[1094,1340,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Synapsis puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB36B158336FED8ACA2FED9" box="[1350,1437,322,345]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
belongs to the 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B1585A6FEF8AD61FEF9" authorityName="Gillet" authorityYear="1907" box="[982,1118,354,377]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanica">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1585A6FEF8AD61FEF9" box="[982,1118,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">S. birmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, as indicated by a combination of the following characters: hypomeral cavities present, genae unexpanded, frons unarmed, mesepisternal cavities absent, and upper longitudinal carina of male metatibia without brush of rusty setae. Species of the 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B1583F8FE78AA95FD99" authorityName="Gillet" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanica">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1583F8FE78AA95FD99" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">S. birmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group may be clearly distinguished from those of 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B15852CFDB8AA83FDB9" authorityName="Boucomont" authorityYear="1920" box="[860,956,546,569]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovalis">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B15852CFDB8AA83FDB9" box="[860,956,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">S. ovalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B1585BDFDB8AD6AFDB9" baseAuthorityName="Hope" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[973,1109,546,569]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brahmina">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1585BDFDB8AD6AFDB9" box="[973,1109,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">S. brahmina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B1582E1FDB8ADC8FDB9" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Fischer von Waldheim" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[1169,1271,546,569]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tmolus">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1582E1FDB8ADC8FDB9" box="[1169,1271,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">S. tmolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups by the presence of hypomeral cavities. The 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B1582A8FDD8AC6BFDD9" authorityName="Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[1240,1364,578,601]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ritsemae">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1582A8FDD8AC6BFDD9" box="[1240,1364,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">S. ritsemae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group has expanded genae, in which it differs from the species of the 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B1585F0FD18AD37FD19" authorityName="Gillet" authorityYear="1907" box="[896,1032,642,665]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanica">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1585F0FD18AD37FD19" box="[896,1032,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">S. birmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group whose genae are unexpanded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB36B17852AFD38AB66FE55" blockId="4.[828,1437,194,889]" lastBlockId="6.[151,761,190,1557]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="413" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B15852AFD38AD6FFD39" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[858,1104,674,697]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B15852AFD38AD6FFD39" box="[858,1104,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Synapsis puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB36B15822AFD38AD8EFD39" box="[1114,1201,674,697]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from other known species of the group by the following characters: in 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B1585A2FD78AD45FD79" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[978,1146,738,761]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1585A2FD78AAE0FD79" box="[978,991,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B15859DFD78AD45FD79" box="[1005,1146,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the elytral interval 2 is not swollen near the base (swollen in 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B1582DAFC98ADC0FC99" authorityName="Gillet" authorityYear="1911" box="[1194,1279,770,793]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yama">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1582DAFC98ADC0FC99" box="[1194,1279,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">S. yama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from northern and central 
<collectingCountry id="89E3763CFFB36B1585CEFCB8AD27FCB9" box="[958,1048,802,825]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="89E3763CFFB36B158222FCB8ADB7FCB9" box="[1106,1160,802,825]" name="Laos" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B1582E7FCB8ADC4FCB9" authorityName="Zidek &amp; Pokorny" authorityYear="2010" box="[1175,1275,802,825]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horaki">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1582E7FCB8ADC4FCB9" box="[1175,1275,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">S. horaki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from northern 
<collectingCountry id="89E3763CFFB36B15854CFCD8AAA6FCD9" box="[828,921,834,857]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B1585D4FCD8AD12FCD9" authorityName="Hanboonsong &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="1999" box="[932,1069,834,857]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dickinsoni">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1585D4FCD8AD12FCD9" box="[932,1069,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">S. dickinsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from northern 
<collectingCountry id="89E3763CFFB36B1582A1FCD8AC0BFCD9" box="[1233,1332,834,857]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Thailand</collectingCountry>
: Phukieo, 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B15854CFCF8AAB0FCF9" authorityName="Masumoto" authorityYear="1995" box="[828,911,866,889]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochii">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B15854CFCF8AAB0FCF9" box="[828,911,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">S. ochii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from northern 
<collectingCountry id="89E3763CFFB36B15824CFCF8ADA0FCF9" box="[1084,1183,866,889]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Thailand</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="3330F84EFFB36B1582DCFCF8AC10FCF9" box="[1196,1327,866,889]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Chiang Mai</collectingRegion>
and in 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B1783F8FCF8A833FF55" authorityName="Ochi" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="413" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masumotoi">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1783F8FCF8A833FF55" italics="true" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="413" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">S. masumotoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Taiwan). Characters on the metafemora and elytral striae clearly differentiate 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B17845AFF44ABEDFF75" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[554,722,222,245]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B17845AFF44ABEDFF75" box="[554,722,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB16B1784A9FF44A9FAFE95" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the other species of the 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B178450FF64AB91FE95" authorityName="Gillet" authorityYear="1907" box="[544,686,254,277]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanica">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B178450FF64AB91FE95" box="[544,686,254,277]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. birmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group recorded in 
<collectingCountry id="89E3763CFFB16B178765FE84A84BFEB5" box="[277,372,286,309]" name="Vietnam" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
: both 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B1787C2FE84AB66FEB5" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[434,601,286,309]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B1787C2FE84AB66FEB5" box="[434,601,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB16B17842FFE84AB8DFEB5" box="[607,690,286,309]" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B178494FE84A9E2FED5" authorityName="Zidek &amp; Pokorny" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horaki">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B178494FE84A9E2FED5" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. horaki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have densely punctured metafemora on the ventral side, while 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B17877FFEC4A85DFEF5" authorityName="Gillet" authorityYear="1911" box="[271,354,350,373]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yama">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B17877FFEC4A85DFEF5" box="[271,354,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. yama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has no punctures on the metafemur. In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B17868DFEE4A89AFE15" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[253,421,382,405]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B17868DFEE4A89AFE15" box="[253,421,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB16B1787DDFEE4AB3FFE15" box="[429,512,382,405]" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has coarse and closely spaced punctures on the elytral striae, which are absent or extremely weak in 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B178713FE24A8FCFE55" authorityName="Zidek &amp; Pokorny" authorityYear="2010" box="[355,451,446,469]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horaki">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B178713FE24A8FCFE55" box="[355,451,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. horaki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="69CF2A29FFB16B1787A1FE24AB2BFE55" box="[465,532,446,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1474,1493]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,469,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[157,1431,469,1465]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Morphological details of Synapsis species.A–B – elytral surface:A – S. puluongensis sp. nov. with elytral striae strongly and densely punctate and interval 2 not swollen; B – S. horaki Zídek &amp; Pokorný, 2010, with elytral striae impunctate and interval 2 swollen. C–D – metafemora: C – S. puluongensis sp. nov.; D – S. yama Gillet, 1911. E–F – setation of hypomeral cavities: E – S. puluongensis sp. nov.; F – S. birmanica Gillet, 1907. G – elytron of S. naxiorum Král &amp; Rejsek, 2000 with weakly and sparsely punctate elytral striae and intervals weakly punctate. H–I – eye coloration in specimens of S. horaki Zídek &amp; Pokorný, 2010: H – female; I – male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504898/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">Figs 2</figureCitation>
A–D).
</paragraph>
<caption id="A58B6624FFB36B1586E7FC36ACBCFC3F" ID-Table-UUID="A58B6624FFB36B1586E7FC36ACBCFC3F" box="[151,1411,940,959]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A58B6624FFB36B1586E7FC36ACBCFC3F" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" startId="4.[151,198,940,959]" targetBox="[159,1349,992,2073]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB36B1586E7FC36ACBCFC3F" blockId="4.[151,1411,940,959]" box="[151,1411,940,959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
Table 1. Morphometrics and morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B158463FC36ABEBFC3F" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[531,724,940,959]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B158463FC36ABEBFC3F" box="[531,724,940,959]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Synapsis puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB36B1584A9FC36AA24FC3F" box="[729,795,940,959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B158534FC36AD5EFC3F" authority="Zidek &amp; Pokorny, 2010" authorityName="Zidek &amp; Pokorny" authorityYear="2010" box="[836,1121,940,959]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horaki">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B158534FC36AAAEFC3F" box="[836,913,940,959]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">S. horaki</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="95654B5DFFB36B1585E6FC36AD5EFC3F" author="ZIDEK J. &amp; POKORNY S." box="[918,1121,940,959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref7657" refString="ZIDEK J. &amp; POKORNY S. 2010: Review of Synapsis Bates (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Coprini), with description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 142: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2010">Zídek &amp; Pokorný, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(in mm, except body weight in g)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB36B1587AFFC7AAC2CF799" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<table id="83F4C40CFFB394EE86EFFC7AAC7AF799" box="[159,1349,992,2073]" gridcols="6" gridrows="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFC7AAC7AFC74" box="[159,1349,992,1012]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FC7AAABFFC74" box="[320,896,992,1012]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1587AFFC7AABCEFC74" bold="true" box="[479,753,992,1012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B1587AFFC7AAB98FC73" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[479,679,992,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B1587AFFC7AAB98FC73" bold="true" box="[479,679,992,1011]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Synapsis puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB36B1584DCFC7BABCEFC74" box="[684,753,993,1012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFC7AAC7AFC74" box="[975,1349,992,1012]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB36B158232FC7AADF1FC73" authorityName="Zidek &amp; Pokorny" authorityYear="2010" box="[1090,1230,992,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horaki">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB36B158232FC7AADF1FC73" bold="true" box="[1090,1230,992,1011]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Synapsis horaki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFB9CAC7AFB99" box="[159,1349,1030,1049]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFB9CA829FB99" box="[159,278,1030,1049]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Character</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FB9CA8E3FB99" box="[320,476,1030,1049]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Holotype</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFB9CAB98FB99" box="[523,679,1030,1049]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Male (n = 2)</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FB9CAABFFB99" box="[741,896,1030,1049]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Female (n = 4)</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFB9CAD54FB99" box="[975,1131,1030,1049]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Male (n = 3)</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FB9CAC7AFB99" box="[1193,1349,1030,1049]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Female (n = 1)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFBB1AC7AFBBE" box="[159,1349,1067,1086]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFBB1A829FBBE" box="[159,278,1067,1086]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">BoL</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FBB1A8E3FBBE" box="[320,476,1067,1086]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">18.38</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFBB1AB98FBBE" box="[523,679,1067,1086]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">18.2</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FBB1AABFFBBE" box="[741,896,1067,1086]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">17.84 ± 0.59</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFBB1AD54FBBE" box="[975,1131,1067,1086]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">18.72 ± 1.08</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FBB1AC7AFBBE" box="[1193,1349,1067,1086]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">18.49</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFBD3AC7AFBDC" box="[159,1349,1097,1116]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFBD3A829FBDC" box="[159,278,1097,1116]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">BoW</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FBD3A8E3FBDC" box="[320,476,1097,1116]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">11.32</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFBD3AB98FBDC" box="[523,679,1097,1116]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">11.19</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FBD3AABFFBDC" box="[741,896,1097,1116]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">10.97 ± 0.53</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFBD3AD54FBDC" box="[975,1131,1097,1116]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">11.73 ± 0.71</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FBD3AC7AFBDC" box="[1193,1349,1097,1116]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">11.79</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFBFDAC7AFBFA" box="[159,1349,1127,1146]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFBFDA829FBFA" box="[159,278,1127,1146]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">HeadL</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FBFDA8E3FBFA" box="[320,476,1127,1146]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.67</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFBFDAB98FBFA" box="[523,679,1127,1146]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.82</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FBFDAABFFBFA" box="[741,896,1127,1146]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.77 ± 0.19</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFBFDAD54FBFA" box="[975,1131,1127,1146]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.84 ± 0.46</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FBFDAC7AFBFA" box="[1193,1349,1127,1146]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">5.21</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFB1FAC7AFB18" box="[159,1349,1157,1176]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFB1FA829FB18" box="[159,278,1157,1176]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">HeadW</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FB1FA8E3FB18" box="[320,476,1157,1176]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">7.44</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFB1FAB98FB18" box="[523,679,1157,1176]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">7.43</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FB1FAABFFB18" box="[741,896,1157,1176]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">7.17 ± 0.34</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFB1FAD54FB18" box="[975,1131,1157,1176]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">8.02 ± 0.41</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FB1FAC7AFB18" box="[1193,1349,1157,1176]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">8.17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFB39AC7AFB36" box="[159,1349,1187,1206]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFB39A829FB36" box="[159,278,1187,1206]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">PronL</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FB39A8E3FB36" box="[320,476,1187,1206]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.9</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFB39AB98FB36" box="[523,679,1187,1206]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.9</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FB39AABFFB36" box="[741,896,1187,1206]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.90 ± 0.26</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFB39AD54FB36" box="[975,1131,1187,1206]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.93 ± 0.09</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FB39AC7AFB36" box="[1193,1349,1187,1206]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.96</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFB5BAC7AFB54" box="[159,1349,1217,1236]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFB5BA829FB54" box="[159,278,1217,1236]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">PronW</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FB5BA8E3FB54" box="[320,476,1217,1236]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">10.08</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFB5BAB98FB54" box="[523,679,1217,1236]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">9.89</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FB5BAABFFB54" box="[741,896,1217,1236]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">9.57 ± 0.56</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFB5BAD54FB54" box="[975,1131,1217,1236]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">9.97 ± 0.54</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FB5BAC7AFB54" box="[1193,1349,1217,1236]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">9.98</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFB45AC7AFB72" box="[159,1349,1247,1266]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFB45A829FB72" box="[159,278,1247,1266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">ElyL</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FB45A8E3FB72" box="[320,476,1247,1266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">11.4</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFB45AB98FB72" box="[523,679,1247,1266]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">11.24</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FB45AABFFB72" box="[741,896,1247,1266]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">10.97 ± 0.8</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFB45AD54FB72" box="[975,1131,1247,1266]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">11.29 ± 0.74</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FB45AC7AFB72" box="[1193,1349,1247,1266]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">11.61</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFB67AC7AFA90" box="[159,1349,1277,1296]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFB67A829FA90" box="[159,278,1277,1296]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">MWoI123</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FB67A8E3FA90" box="[320,476,1277,1296]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.51</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFB67AB98FA90" box="[523,679,1277,1296]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.51</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FB67AABFFA90" box="[741,896,1277,1296]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.48 ± 0.07</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFB67AD54FA90" box="[975,1131,1277,1296]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.84 ± 0.2</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FB67AC7AFA90" box="[1193,1349,1277,1296]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.86</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFA81AC7AFAAE" box="[159,1349,1307,1326]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFA81A829FAAE" box="[159,278,1307,1326]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">DP10,15</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FA81A8E3FAAE" box="[320,476,1307,1326]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.03</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFA81AB98FAAE" box="[523,679,1307,1326]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.04</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FA81AABFFAAE" box="[741,896,1307,1326]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.98 ± 0.05</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFA81AD54FAAE" box="[975,1131,1307,1326]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">unclear</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FA81AC7AFAAE" box="[1193,1349,1307,1326]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">unclear</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFAA2AC7AFACB" box="[159,1349,1336,1355]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFAA2A829FACB" box="[159,278,1336,1355]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">HoL</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FAA2A8E3FACB" box="[320,476,1336,1355]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">unarmed</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFAA2AB98FACB" box="[523,679,1336,1355]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">unarmed</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FAA2AABFFACB" box="[741,896,1336,1355]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">unarmed</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFAA2AD54FACB" box="[975,1131,1336,1355]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">unarmed</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FAA2AC7AFACB" box="[1193,1349,1336,1355]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">unarmed</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFACCAC7AFAE9" box="[159,1349,1366,1385]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFACCA829FAE9" box="[159,278,1366,1385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">PyL</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FACCA8E3FAE9" box="[320,476,1366,1385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.46</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFACCAB98FAE9" box="[523,679,1366,1385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.44</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FACCAABFFAE9" box="[741,896,1366,1385]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.36 ± 0.13</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFACCAD54FAE9" box="[975,1131,1366,1385]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.33 ± 0.12</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FACCAC7AFAE9" box="[1193,1349,1366,1385]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFAEEAC7AFA07" box="[159,1349,1396,1415]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFAEEA829FA07" box="[159,278,1396,1415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">PyW</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FAEEA8E3FA07" box="[320,476,1396,1415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.5</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFAEEAB98FA07" box="[523,679,1396,1415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.42</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FAEEAABFFA07" box="[741,896,1396,1415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.28 ± 0.33</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFAEEAD54FA07" box="[975,1131,1396,1415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.59 ± 0.41</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FAEEAC7AFA07" box="[1193,1349,1396,1415]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.66</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFA08AC7AFA25" box="[159,1349,1426,1445]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFA08A829FA25" box="[159,278,1426,1445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">ProTiL</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FA08A8E3FA25" box="[320,476,1426,1445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.3</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFA08AB98FA25" box="[523,679,1426,1445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.28</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FA08AABFFA25" box="[741,896,1426,1445]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.20 ± 0.12</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFA08AD54FA25" box="[975,1131,1426,1445]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.41 ± 0.24</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FA08AC7AFA25" box="[1193,1349,1426,1445]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.25</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFA2AAC7AFA43" box="[159,1349,1456,1475]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFA2AA829FA43" box="[159,278,1456,1475]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">ProTiW</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FA2AA8E3FA43" box="[320,476,1456,1475]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.35</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFA2AAB98FA43" box="[523,679,1456,1475]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.35</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FA2AAABFFA43" box="[741,896,1456,1475]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.28 ± 0.10</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFA2AAD54FA43" box="[975,1131,1456,1475]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.62 ± 0.23</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FA2AAC7AFA43" box="[1193,1349,1456,1475]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.68</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFA54AC7AFA61" box="[159,1349,1486,1505]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFA54A829FA61" box="[159,278,1486,1505]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">ProTiSL</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FA54A8E3FA61" box="[320,476,1486,1505]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.21</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFA54AB98FA61" box="[523,679,1486,1505]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.22</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FA54AABFFA61" box="[741,896,1486,1505]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.23 ± 0.18</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFA54AD54FA61" box="[975,1131,1486,1505]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.5 ± 0.09</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FA54AC7AFA61" box="[1193,1349,1486,1505]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.48</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFFA76AC7AFA7F" box="[159,1349,1516,1535]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFFA76A829FA7F" box="[159,278,1516,1535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">MesoTiL</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730FA76A8E3FA7F" box="[320,476,1516,1535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.34</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BFA76AB98FA7F" box="[523,679,1516,1535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.45</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495FA76AABFFA7F" box="[741,896,1516,1535]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.54 ± 0.26</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFFA76AD54FA7F" box="[975,1131,1516,1535]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.75 ± 0.21</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9FA76AC7AFA7F" box="[1193,1349,1516,1535]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.72</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF990AC7AF99D" box="[159,1349,1546,1565]" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF990A829F99D" box="[159,278,1546,1565]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">MesoTiW</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F990A8E3F99D" box="[320,476,1546,1565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.33</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF990AB98F99D" box="[523,679,1546,1565]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.32</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F990AABFF99D" box="[741,896,1546,1565]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.28 ± 0.16</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF990AD54F99D" box="[975,1131,1546,1565]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.42 ± 0.1</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F990AC7AF99D" box="[1193,1349,1546,1565]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.49</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF9BDAC7AF9BB" box="[159,1349,1575,1595]" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF9BDA829F9BB" box="[159,278,1575,1595]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1st MesoTiSL</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F9BDA8E3F9BB" box="[320,476,1575,1595]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.09</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF9BDAB98F9BB" box="[523,679,1575,1595]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.02</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F9BDAABFF9BB" box="[741,896,1575,1595]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.88 ± 0.24</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF9BDAD54F9BB" box="[975,1131,1575,1595]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.26 ± 0.2</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F9BDAC7AF9BB" box="[1193,1349,1575,1595]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2.36</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF9DEAC7AF9D9" box="[159,1349,1604,1625]" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF9DEA829F9D9" box="[159,278,1604,1625]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">2nd MesoTiSL</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F9DEA8E3F9D9" box="[320,476,1604,1625]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.9</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF9DEAB98F9D9" box="[523,679,1604,1625]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.94</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F9DEAABFF9D9" box="[741,896,1604,1625]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.95 ± 0.14</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF9DEAD54F9D9" box="[975,1131,1604,1625]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.17 ± 0.09</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F9DEAC7AF9D9" box="[1193,1349,1604,1625]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF9FEAC7AF9F7" box="[159,1349,1636,1655]" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF9FEA829F9F7" box="[159,278,1636,1655]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">MetaTiL</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F9FEA8E3F9F7" box="[320,476,1636,1655]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.95</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF9FEAB98F9F7" box="[523,679,1636,1655]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.91</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F9FEAABFF9F7" box="[741,896,1636,1655]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.77 ± 0.21</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF9FEAD54F9F7" box="[975,1131,1636,1655]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.89 ± 0.18</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F9FEAC7AF9F7" box="[1193,1349,1636,1655]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.69</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF91BAC7AF914" box="[159,1349,1665,1684]" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF91BA829F914" box="[159,278,1665,1684]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">MetaTiW</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F91BA8E3F914" box="[320,476,1665,1684]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.27</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF91BAB98F914" box="[523,679,1665,1684]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.25</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F91BAABFF914" box="[741,896,1665,1684]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.22 ± 0.13</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF91BAD54F914" box="[975,1131,1665,1684]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.41 ± 0.07</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F91BAC7AF914" box="[1193,1349,1665,1684]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.39</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF905AC7AF932" box="[159,1349,1695,1714]" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF905A829F932" box="[159,278,1695,1714]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">MetaTiSL</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F905A8E3F932" box="[320,476,1695,1714]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.55</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF905AB98F932" box="[523,679,1695,1714]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.5</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F905AABFF932" box="[741,896,1695,1714]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.49 ± 0.18</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF905AD54F932" box="[975,1131,1695,1714]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.65 ± 0.06</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F905AC7AF932" box="[1193,1349,1695,1714]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.71</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF927AC7AF950" box="[159,1349,1725,1744]" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF927A829F950" box="[159,278,1725,1744]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">MetaTaL</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F927A8E3F950" box="[320,476,1725,1744]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.72</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF927AB98F950" box="[523,679,1725,1744]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.71</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F927AABFF950" box="[741,896,1725,1744]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.68 ± 0.25</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF927AD54F950" box="[975,1131,1725,1744]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">3.92 ± 0.11</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F927AC7AF950" box="[1193,1349,1725,1744]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">4.08</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF941AC7AF96E" box="[159,1349,1755,1774]" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF941A829F96E" box="[159,278,1755,1774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">MetaTa1L</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F941A8E3F96E" box="[320,476,1755,1774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.08</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF941AB98F96E" box="[523,679,1755,1774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.1</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F941AABFF96E" box="[741,896,1755,1774]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.12 ± 0.07</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF941AD54F96E" box="[975,1131,1755,1774]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.24 ± 0.08</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F941AC7AF96E" box="[1193,1349,1755,1774]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF963AC7AF88C" box="[159,1349,1785,1804]" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF963A829F88C" box="[159,278,1785,1804]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">MetaTa1W</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F963A8E3F88C" box="[320,476,1785,1804]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.68</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF963AB98F88C" box="[523,679,1785,1804]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.68</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F963AABFF88C" box="[741,896,1785,1804]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.67 ± 0.08</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF963AD54F88C" box="[975,1131,1785,1804]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.77 ± 0.07</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F963AC7AF88C" box="[1193,1349,1785,1804]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.74</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF88DAC7AF8AA" box="[159,1349,1815,1834]" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF88DA829F8AA" box="[159,278,1815,1834]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">MetaTa5W</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F88DA8E3F8AA" box="[320,476,1815,1834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.32</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF88DAB98F8AA" box="[523,679,1815,1834]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.32</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F88DAABFF8AA" box="[741,896,1815,1834]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.35 ± 0.03</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF88DAD54F8AA" box="[975,1131,1815,1834]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.39 ± 0.02</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F88DAC7AF8AA" box="[1193,1349,1815,1834]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.38</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF8AFAC7AF8C8" box="[159,1349,1845,1864]" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF8AFA829F8C8" box="[159,278,1845,1864]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">BoWeight</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F8AFA8E3F8C8" box="[320,476,1845,1864]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.67432</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF8AFAB98F8C8" box="[523,679,1845,1864]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.67</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F8AFAABFF8C8" box="[741,896,1845,1864]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.63 ± 0.04</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF8AFAD54F8C8" box="[975,1131,1845,1864]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.86 ± 0.03</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F8AFAC7AF8C8" box="[1193,1349,1845,1864]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">0.89676</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF8C9AC7AF8E6" box="[159,1349,1875,1894]" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF8C9A829F8E6" box="[159,278,1875,1894]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">DDC</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F8C9A8E3F8E6" box="[320,476,1875,1894]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.43</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF8C9AB98F8E6" box="[523,679,1875,1894]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.41</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F8C9AABFF8E6" box="[741,896,1875,1894]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.39 ± 0.11</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF8C9AD54F8E6" box="[975,1131,1875,1894]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.45 ± 0.09</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F8C9AC7AF8E6" box="[1193,1349,1875,1894]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">1.58</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF8EBAC7AF804" box="[159,1349,1905,1924]" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF8EBA829F804" box="[159,278,1905,1924]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">HyC</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F8EBA8E3F804" box="[320,476,1905,1924]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">present</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF8EBAB98F804" box="[523,679,1905,1924]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">present</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F8EBAABFF804" box="[741,896,1905,1924]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">present</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF8EBAD54F804" box="[975,1131,1905,1924]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">present</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F8EBAC7AF804" box="[1193,1349,1905,1924]" gridcol="5" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF815AC7AF822" box="[159,1349,1935,1954]" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF815A829F822" box="[159,278,1935,1954]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">MeC</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F815A8E3F822" box="[320,476,1935,1954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">absent</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF815AB98F822" box="[523,679,1935,1954]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">absent</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F815AABFF822" box="[741,896,1935,1954]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">absent</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF815AD54F822" box="[975,1131,1935,1954]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">absent</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F815AC7AF822" box="[1193,1349,1935,1954]" gridcol="5" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF837AC7AF840" box="[159,1349,1965,1984]" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF837A829F840" box="[159,278,1965,1984]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">Gen</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F837A8E3F840" box="[320,476,1965,1984]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">unexpanded</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF837AB98F840" box="[523,679,1965,1984]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">unexpanded</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F837AABFF840" box="[741,896,1965,1984]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">unexpanded</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF837AD54F840" box="[975,1131,1965,1984]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">unexpanded</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F837AC7AF840" box="[1193,1349,1965,1984]" gridcol="5" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">unexpanded</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF850AC7AF85D" box="[159,1349,1994,2013]" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF850A829F85D" box="[159,278,1994,2013]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">MesoF</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F850A8E3F85D" box="[320,476,1994,2013]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">densely punctured</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF850AB98F85D" box="[523,679,1994,2013]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">densely punctured</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F850AABFF85D" box="[741,896,1994,2013]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">densely punctured</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF850AD54F85D" box="[975,1131,1994,2013]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">densely punctured</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F850AC7AF85D" box="[1193,1349,1994,2013]" gridcol="5" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">densely punctured</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF872AC7AF87B" box="[159,1349,2024,2043]" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF872A829F87B" box="[159,278,2024,2043]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">MetaF</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F872A8E3F87B" box="[320,476,2024,2043]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">densely punctured</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF872AB98F87B" box="[523,679,2024,2043]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">densely punctured</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F872AABFF87B" box="[741,896,2024,2043]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">densely punctured</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF872AD54F87B" box="[975,1131,2024,2043]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">densely punctured</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F872AC7AF87B" box="[1193,1349,2024,2043]" gridcol="5" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">densely punctured</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4FC434EEFFB394EE86EFF79CAC7AF799" box="[159,1349,2054,2073]" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">
<th id="0C155D92FFB394EE86EFF79CA829F799" box="[159,278,2054,2073]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">MetaTibrush</th>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8730F79CA8E3F799" box="[320,476,2054,2073]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">absent</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE847BF79CAB98F799" box="[523,679,2054,2073]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">absent</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE8495F79CAABFF799" box="[741,896,2054,2073]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">absent</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE85BFF79CAD54F799" box="[975,1131,2054,2073]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">absent</td>
<td id="0C155D92FFB394EE82D9F79CAC7AF799" box="[1193,1349,2054,2073]" gridcol="5" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="411">absent</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="A58B6624FFB26B1486E7F86AAA9CF79E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4504902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504902/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="412" startId="5.[151,182,2032,2051]" targetBox="[180,1413,217,2000]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB26B1486E7F86AAA9CF79E" blockId="5.[151,1437,2032,2078]" pageId="5" pageNumber="412">
Fig. 4. 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB26B1486A6F86AAB09F783" authority="Zidek &amp; Pokorny, 2010" authorityName="Zidek &amp; Pokorny" authorityYear="2010" box="[214,566,2032,2051]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horaki">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB26B1486A6F86AA860F783" box="[214,351,2032,2051]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="412">Synapsis horaki</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="95654B5DFFB26B148715F86AAB09F783" author="ZIDEK J. &amp; POKORNY S." box="[357,566,2032,2051]" pageId="5" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref7657" refString="ZIDEK J. &amp; POKORNY S. 2010: Review of Synapsis Bates (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Coprini), with description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 142: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2010">Zídek &amp; Pokorný, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: A – dorsal habitus, male. B – ventral habitus, male. C – dorsal habitus, female. D – ventral habitus, female. E – aedeagus, dorsal view. F – internal sac of aedeagus. G – aedeagus, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB16B1786C5FE44ABBBFDF5" blockId="6.[151,761,190,1557]" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B1786C5FE44A899FE75" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[181,422,478,501]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B1786C5FE44A899FE75" box="[181,422,478,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">Synapsis puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB16B1787DCFE44A8C1FE75" box="[428,510,478,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has hypomeral cavities without macrosetae, which distinguishes it from 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B1784E6FE64A9FAFDB5" authorityName="Gillet" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanica">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B1784E6FE64A9FAFDB5" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. birmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(hypomeral cavities are covered by a brush of rusty macrosetae). The new species has deep striae, whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B1786E7FDC4A81FFDF5" authorityName="Gillet" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,288,606,629]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanica">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B1786E7FDC4A81FFDF5" box="[151,288,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. birmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the striae are feeble (
<figureCitation id="69CF2A29FFB16B178474FDC4AB78FDF5" box="[516,583,606,629]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1474,1493]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,469,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[157,1431,469,1465]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Morphological details of Synapsis species.A–B – elytral surface:A – S. puluongensis sp. nov. with elytral striae strongly and densely punctate and interval 2 not swollen; B – S. horaki Zídek &amp; Pokorný, 2010, with elytral striae impunctate and interval 2 swollen. C–D – metafemora: C – S. puluongensis sp. nov.; D – S. yama Gillet, 1911. E–F – setation of hypomeral cavities: E – S. puluongensis sp. nov.; F – S. birmanica Gillet, 1907. G – elytron of S. naxiorum Král &amp; Rejsek, 2000 with weakly and sparsely punctate elytral striae and intervals weakly punctate. H–I – eye coloration in specimens of S. horaki Zídek &amp; Pokorný, 2010: H – female; I – male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504898/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">Figs 2</figureCitation>
E–F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB16B1786C5FDE4A8A8FCD5" blockId="6.[151,761,190,1557]" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B1786C5FDE4A88CFD15" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[181,435,638,661]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B1786C5FDE4A88CFD15" box="[181,435,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">Synapsis puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB16B1787CFFDE4AB27FD15" box="[447,536,638,661]" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B178775FD04A8B8FD35" authorityName="Kral &amp; Rejsek" authorityYear="2000" box="[261,391,670,693]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naxiorum">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B178775FD04A8B8FD35" box="[261,391,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. naxiorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its black and shiny dorsal side. However, the new species can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B178494FD24A9C2FD75" authorityName="Kral &amp; Rejsek" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naxiorum">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B178494FD24A9C2FD75" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. naxiorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having more punctures on the ventral side of the metafemora; elytral striae more densely punctate, intervals not punctate, and hypomeral cavities devoid of rusty setae (
<figureCitation id="69CF2A29FFB16B178767FCA4A8B4FCD5" box="[279,395,830,853]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1474,1493]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,469,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[157,1431,469,1465]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Morphological details of Synapsis species.A–B – elytral surface:A – S. puluongensis sp. nov. with elytral striae strongly and densely punctate and interval 2 not swollen; B – S. horaki Zídek &amp; Pokorný, 2010, with elytral striae impunctate and interval 2 swollen. C–D – metafemora: C – S. puluongensis sp. nov.; D – S. yama Gillet, 1911. E–F – setation of hypomeral cavities: E – S. puluongensis sp. nov.; F – S. birmanica Gillet, 1907. G – elytron of S. naxiorum Král &amp; Rejsek, 2000 with weakly and sparsely punctate elytral striae and intervals weakly punctate. H–I – eye coloration in specimens of S. horaki Zídek &amp; Pokorný, 2010: H – female; I – male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504898/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">Figs 2A,G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB16B1786C5FCC4A871FB15" blockId="6.[151,761,190,1557]" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">
The entire surface of 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B1787FAFCC4AB15FCF5" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[394,554,862,885]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B1787FAFCC4AB15FCF5" box="[394,554,862,885]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB16B17845EFCC4AB42FCF5" box="[558,637,862,885]" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is black and shiny, in contrast to the opaque surface of 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B17843AFCE4AB81FC15" authorityName="Ochi, Kon &amp; Kawahara" authorityYear="2008" box="[586,702,894,917]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B17843AFCE4AB81FC15" box="[586,702,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="89E3763CFFB16B1786E7FC04A9C2FC35" box="[151,253,926,949]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
and 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B178742FC04A8F1FC35" authorityName="Ochi, Kon &amp; Kawahara" authorityYear="2008" box="[306,462,926,949]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roslihashimi">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B178742FC04A8F1FC35" box="[306,462,926,949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. roslihashimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="89E3763CFFB16B178461FC04AB4BFC35" box="[529,628,926,949]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
. In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B1786E7FC24A802FC55" authority="Bui &amp; Bonkowski, 2018" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,317,958,981]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B1786E7FC24A802FC55" box="[151,317,958,981]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8B357C5FFB16B178735FC24A8A7FC55" box="[325,408,958,981]" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has convex intervals, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B178494FC24A829FC75" authorityName="Ochi, Kon &amp; Kawahara" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roslihashimi">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B178494FC24A829FC75" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. roslihashimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B178734FC44A88AFC75" authorityName="Ochi, Kon &amp; Kawahara" authorityYear="2008" box="[324,437,990,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B178734FC44A88AFC75" box="[324,437,990,1013]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have flat or only weakly convex intervals. In 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B17876BFC64A8AFFB95" authorityName="Ochi, Kon &amp; Kawahara" authorityYear="2008" box="[283,400,1022,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B17876BFC64A8AFFB95" box="[283,400,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B1787B4FC64AB60FB95" authorityName="Ochi, Kon &amp; Kawahara" authorityYear="2008" box="[452,607,1022,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roslihashimi">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B1787B4FC64AB60FB95" box="[452,607,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. roslihashimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
all margins of intervals are punctate, whereas they are impunctate in the new species. The new species can also be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B1786E7FBC4A835FBF5" authorityName="Ochi, Kon &amp; Kawahara" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,266,1118,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B1786E7FBC4A835FBF5" box="[151,266,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B178748FBC4A8EFFBF5" authorityName="Ochi, Kon &amp; Kawahara" authorityYear="2008" box="[312,464,1118,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roslihashimi">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B178748FBC4A8EFFBF5" box="[312,464,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">S. roslihashimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of hypomeral rusty macrosetae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9EE6527FFB16B1786E7FB04AB74FB75" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB16B1786E7FB04AB74FB75" blockId="6.[151,761,190,1557]" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B1786E7FB04A82BFB35" bold="true" box="[151,276,1182,1205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B17879CFB04AB49FB35" authorityName="Bui &amp; Bonkowski" authorityYear="2018" box="[492,630,1182,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Synapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluongensis">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B17879CFB04AB49FB35" box="[492,630,1182,1205]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">puluongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the name of the 
<typeStatus id="2E4F880EFFB16B17876AFB24A878FB55" box="[282,327,1214,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">type</typeStatus>
locality, Nature Reserve Puluong, 
<collectingRegion id="3330F84EFFB16B1784C5FB24A816FB75" country="Vietnam" name="Thanh Hoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">Thanh Hoa Province</collectingRegion>
, central 
<collectingCountry id="89E3763CFFB16B17870FFB44A8E4FB75" box="[383,475,1246,1269]" name="Vietnam" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
; adjective.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9EE6527FFB16B1786E7FB64ABC6F995" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="F14B36ACFFB16B1786E7FB64ABC6F995" blockId="6.[151,761,190,1557]" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="C380EABEFFB16B1786E7FB64A9CFFA95" bold="true" box="[151,240,1278,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="413">Biology.</emphasis>
The new species was collected in primary forests on limestone bedrock. The primary forests are characterized by a complex structure with various storeys, comprising an upper storey with emergent trees more than 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB16B178419FAC4AB9FFAF5" box="[617,672,1374,1397]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
tall, belonging to 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B178773FAE4A887FA15" box="[259,440,1406,1429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dipterocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B178796FAE4AB42FA15" authorityName="R.Brown" authorityYear="1810" box="[486,637,1406,1429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Combretaceae</taxonomicName>
, a dominant lower storey (various tree species from 
<quantity id="360C9B49FFB16B17845BFA04ABA7FA35" box="[555,664,1438,1461]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">15 to 30 m</quantity>
tall), and a brush layer on the forest floor containing various herbs (
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B1786EEFA44A82CFA75" box="[158,275,1502,1525]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B178750FA44A846FA75" box="[288,377,1502,1525]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B1787F7FA44AB2DFA75" box="[391,530,1502,1525]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Begoniaceae</taxonomicName>
), lianas and parasitic plants (
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B1786AFFA64A858F995" box="[223,359,1534,1557]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Connaraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Connaraceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B17871EFA64A8F0F995" box="[366,463,1534,1557]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B1787A7FA64AB66F995" box="[471,601,1534,1557]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Orchidaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="36F44D2FFFB16B178410FA64ABD1F995" box="[608,750,1534,1557]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="6" pageNumber="413" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Loranthaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>