treatments-xml/data/2B/8D/7F/2B8D7F2410275F2F878D6AF03B86D097.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d5277062-3126-470b-8780-f05e487b1c89" ID-PMC="PMC7486311" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-159-71" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E9DA9186A78F5770980129A17A54A8F2" ID-PubMed="32973390" ModsDocID="1314-2003-159-71" checkinTime="1599298919024" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Valdespino, Ivan A." docDate="2020" docId="2B8D7F2410275F2F878D6AF03B86D097" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 159: 71-113" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 159" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330" docTitle="Selaginella surucucusensis L. A. Goes &amp; E. L. M. Assis, Kew Bull. 72: 40, 1. 2017" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="E9DA9186A78F5770980129A17A54A8F2" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="E9DA9186A78F5770980129A17A54A8F2" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic innovations in South American Selaginella (Selaginellaceae, Lycopodiophyta): description of five new species and an additional range extension" masterLastPageNumber="113" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1668140019644" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Taxonomic innovations in South American Selaginella (Selaginellaceae, Lycopodiophyta): description of five new species and an additional range extension</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Valdespino, Ivan A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Botanica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnologia, Universidad de Panama, Apartado Postal 0824 - 00073, Panama &amp; Sistema Nacional de Investigacion (SNI), SENACYT, Panama</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-8289</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">iavaldespino@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>159</mods:number>
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<mods:start>71</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330</mods:identifier>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName LSID="2B8D7F24-1027-5F2F-878D-6AF03B86D097" authority="L. A. Goes &amp; E. L. M. Assis, Kew Bull. 72: 40, 1. 2017." class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella surucucusensis" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
Selaginella surucucusensis L.A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Goés">Goes</normalizedToken>
&amp; E.L.M. Assis, Kew Bull. 72: 40, 1. 2017.
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Distribution of Selaginella gioiae □, S. surucucusensis ▲, S. xanthoneura ●." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449476" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figures 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Selaginella surucucusensis A Habit, upper surface of stem B branch section, upper surface. C branch section, lower surface D branch section showing median leaves, upper surfaces E, F branch section showing axillary leaf (E) and lateral leaf (F), lower surfaces. A-F line drawing made from the isotype at NY. Illustration by Haruto Fukuda." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449490" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">, 19</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Brazil. Roraima: Serra 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Surucucú">Surucucu</normalizedToken>
, 26 Jan 1975, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B.G.S. Ribeiro 15.189(616)</emphasis>
(holotype: HRB-n.v.; isotypes: BHCB-n.v., HRB-n.v., MG!, NY!, RB!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Plants</emphasis>
terrestrial. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Stems</emphasis>
erect, stramineous, (25)35-75 cm tall, 1.2-3.0 mm diam., non-articulate, usually not flagelliform or infrequently so, stoloniferous, 3-branched, the terminal portion of the stems similar in shape to lateral branches (i.e., conform). 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Rhizophores</emphasis>
axillary, ventral, dorsal, dorso-axillary, and seemingly lateral, borne on lower most part of stems and throughout stolons, filiform or stout, 0.2-1.0 mm diam. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Leaves</emphasis>
seemingly monomorphic and strongly appressed to the stem shortly before or after the first or second branches and without distinctive auricles, then heteromorphic throughout, chartaceous to coriaceous, upper surfaces shiny dark, brown-green (dark olive) to brownish (due to drying technique), seemingly smooth, lower surfaces shiny, yellowish green, dark olive to brown (due to drying technique), smooth. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Lateral leaves</emphasis>
on main stem after leaves become fully heteromorphic, distant, ascending to slightly spreading, ovate or ovate-oblong, 3.0-4.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.4-2.6 mm; bases rounded to truncate, glabrous, without auricles, acroscopic bases strongly overlapping stems, basiscopic bases free from stems; margins on upper and lower surfaces bordered by a narrow band comprised of greenish cells, the band 1-3 cells wide, the cells elongate, slightly sinuate-walled, and glabrous, on acroscopic margins dentate along proximal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
, otherwise denticulate on distal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
, on basiscopic margins entire along proximal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
, otherwise sparsely denticulate distally; apices broadly acute to obtuse, tipped by 3-5 teeth; upper surfaces consisting of quadrangular to rectangular (jigsaw puzzle-like), sinuate-walled cells (often difficult to distinguish because of waxy deposits), many of these consisting of papillate idioblasts, comprising some sparse, elongate and papillate idioblasts, the papillae 4-11 in 1 or 2 rows on each cell lumen, without stomata; lower surfaces consisting of elongate, irregularly sinuate-walled cells (jigsaw puzzle-like) and of many elongate, straight-walled, papillate idioblasts, papillae 4-11 in 2 rows on each cell lumen, with stomata on 2-4 rows along central portion of midribs 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Median leaves</emphasis>
on main stem after leaves fully heteromorphic, imbricate, ascending, ovate, ovate-elliptic, ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 1.7-4.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8-2.8 mm; bases glabrous, oblique, truncate or asymmetric, inner bases rounded to truncate, outer bases auricled, the auricles ciliate with 3-14 short hairs; margins bordered continuously by a band of glabrous cells, the band 1-3 cells wide with the cells elongate, slightly sinuate-walled, glabrous, except for those on distal ⅓ of outer margins that are composed by a narrow hyaline band of idioblasts, the band 1-3 cells wide, the idioblasts straight-walled, and papillate, the papillae in one row, margins dentate to denticulate; apices acute, acuminate or aristate, each acumen or arista 0.1-0.6 mm long, tipped by 1-3 teeth; upper surfaces similar to those on upper surfaces of lateral leaves, except abundantly covered by quadrangular and elongate and papillate idioblasts, the papillae 4-32 in 1 or 2 rows on each cell lumen, with stomata in 1-5 rows along the midribs, lower surfaces comprising by elongate, irregularly sinuate-walled cells, (jigsaw puzzle-like), without idioblast and stomata. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Axillary leaves</emphasis>
on main stem after leaves fully heteromorphic ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.0-4.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8-2.2 mm; bases rounded to slightly truncate, entire, without auricles; inner and outer margins as acroscopic margins of lateral leaves, denticulate throughout; apices broadly acute to obtuse, tipped by 1-4 teeth; both surfaces as lateral leaves. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Strobili</emphasis>
terminal on main stem and each branch tip, quadrangular, 0.5-4.0 cm. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Sporophylls</emphasis>
monomorphic, without a laminar flap, each with a slightly developed and glabrous keel along distal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
of the midrib, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 0.8-1.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.4-0.7 mm; bases rounded; margins narrowly hyaline, 1 or 2 cells wide with the cells elongate, slightly sinuate-walled and glabrous, parallel to margins, denticulate throughout; apices shortly acuminate, the acumen 0.1-0.2 mm long, tipped by 1-3 teeth-like projections; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">dorsal sporophylls</emphasis>
with upper surfaces green and cells as in median leaves, except for the half that overlaps the ventral sporophylls where the surfaces are greenish hyaline comprising elongate, slightly sinuate-walled cells, lower surfaces silvery green, comprised of elongate, sinuate-walled cells; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">ventral sporophylls</emphasis>
with both surfaces hyaline, comprised of elongate, sinuate-walled cells and of papillate idioblasts. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Megasporangia</emphasis>
in two ventral rows; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">megaspores</emphasis>
white, 240-310 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., proximal faces rugulate-reticulate without an equatorial flange, the microstructure strongly echinate and perforate, distal faces reticulate the reticulae open (incomplete) to closed, each reticulum with low muri, the microstructure strongly echinate and perforate. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Microsporangia</emphasis>
in two dorsal rows; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">microspores</emphasis>
orange, 23-27 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., proximal faces rugulate, the microstructure echinate and granulate, distal faces capitate or baculate, the microstructure of capita or bacula and the rest of the surface echinate.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449490" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella surucucusensis" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
Habit, upper surface of stem 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
branch section, upper surface. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
branch section, lower surface 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
branch section showing median leaves, upper surfaces 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">E, F</emphasis>
branch section showing axillary leaf (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">E</emphasis>
) and lateral leaf (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">F</emphasis>
), lower surfaces. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A-F</emphasis>
line drawing made from the isotype at NY. Illustration by Haruto Fukuda.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Additional specimen examined</emphasis>
. Colombia. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Amazonas</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Miritiparaná">Miritiparana</normalizedToken>
, ca. 
<geoCoordinate degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5">00°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.666664">70°40'W</geoCoordinate>
, 700 ft [213 m], 8 May 1952, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Schultes &amp; Cabrera 16471</emphasis>
(US [cited by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1546190" author="Crabbe, JA" journalOrPublisher="American Fern Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="135 - 144" refId="B2" refString="Crabbe, JA, Jermy, AC, 1973. Seven new species of Selaginella from tropical South America. American Fern Journal 63 (3): 135 - 144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1546190" title="Seven new species of Selaginella from tropical South America." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1546190" volume="63" year="1973">Crabbe and Jermy (1973)</bibRefCitation>
as a paratype of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. palmiformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="palmiformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. palmiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Alston ex Crabbe &amp; Jermy]. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vaupés">Vaupes</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Mpio. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carurú">Caruru</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carurú">Caruru</normalizedToken>
, Comunidad del Palmar, Cachivera 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pacú">Pacu</normalizedToken>
, camino entre cachivera y sabana de Kuw (Kuvai), 
<geoCoordinate degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.0" value="1.2463889">01°14'47.0&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="23.5" value="-71.3232">71°19'23.5&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 270-430 m, 10 Sep 2013, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
et al. 7916
</emphasis>
(NY). Venezuela. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Amazonas</emphasis>
: Depto. Atabapo, sector Norte de la Sierra Parima, cuenca alta del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Matacuni, ca 20 km NNW de Shimada-Wochi, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.9833333">03°59'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-64.683334">64°41'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1000-1500 m, 10 Nov 1983, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Huber &amp; Colchester 8430</emphasis>
(NY-2 sheets); Depto. Atures, E del Cerro Cuao, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
Piedra, 75 km SE de Puerto Ayacucho, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.0833335">05°05'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.316666">67°19'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1050 m, Sep 1989, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
et al. 6113
</emphasis>
(NY), vicinity of and upstream from damsite, N side of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Cataniapo, 45 km SE of Puerto Ayacucho, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.5833335">05°35'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.25">67°15'W</geoCoordinate>
, 100 m, 13 May 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark et al. 122394</emphasis>
(MO, UC); Cerro Marahuaca, 1000 m, 3 May 1949, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Maguire &amp; Maguire Jr. 29202</emphasis>
(NY, US); Cerro Sipapo (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paráque">Paraque</normalizedToken>
), 3 km SW of Base Camp, 200 m, 8 Feb 1949, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Maguire &amp; Politi 28814</emphasis>
(NY, UC, US); Comision de Frontera, ca 0.5 km below Camp 3, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="2.4566667">02°27'24&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-63.933334">63°56'W</geoCoordinate>
, 20 May 1972, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark 106041</emphasis>
(NY); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
Batata, 2 km NE of Salto Colorado, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
Colorado, 55 km SE of Puerto Ayacucho, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.55">05°33'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.13333">67°08'W</geoCoordinate>
, 550 m, Sep 1989, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
et al. 6360
</emphasis>
(MO, NY, US). Brazil. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Roraima</emphasis>
: Serra dos 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Surucucú">Surucucu</normalizedToken>
, NE of mission station, 02°42-47'N, 63°33-36'W, 1000-1400 m, 17 Feb 1969, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Prance et al. 9979</emphasis>
(F, INPA-image, NY, R, UC, US).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella surucucusensis" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows on humid forest floors, creek- and riverbanks in lowland to montane tropical rainforests and in open scrub savanna on white sand at 200-1500 m. It was originally described from Serra dos 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Surucucú">Surucucu</normalizedToken>
in the state of Roraima, Brazil. Nevertheless, its distribution range is here significantly expanded farther north- and northwestwards into the Amazon basin region to include Colombia and Venezuela. Moreover, it is here documented to be fertile from February to November.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
This species is widely distributed at low and high elevations in tropical rainforests of South America. Accordingly, it is considered of Least Concern (LC) based on 
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="W. Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" refId="B5" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. Second edition. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. Second edition. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom." year="2012">IUCN (2012)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Despite the relatively recent publication of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. surucucusensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with an originally limited, corroborated distribution range in Brazil provided by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-017-9714-5" author="Goes-Neto, LAA" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination=": 40" refId="B3" refString="Goes-Neto, LAA, Assis, ELM, Salino, A, 2017. Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) from Brazil: A new species, new records and lectotype designation. Kew Bulletin 72 (3): 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-017-9714-5" title="Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) from Brazil: A new species, new records and lectotype designation." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-017-9714-5" volume="72" year="2017">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Góes-Neto">Goes-Neto</normalizedToken>
et al. (2017)
</bibRefCitation>
, a number of specimens from Colombia and Venezuela are known and here newly documented. The study of these broader spectrum of specimens provides a better understanding of morphological characters (including mega- and microspores ornamentation features) of the species, expanded geographic circumscription, as well as of its presumed affinities. Consequently, an emended description for 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. surucucusensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is provided, including a novel illustration.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella surucucusensis" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by its fern-like habit, non-articulate and usually not flagelliform or infrequently so, stoloniferous, 3-branched erect stems, each (25)35-75 cm tall and 1.2-3.0 mm in diam., with axillary, lateral, and dorsal to dorso-axillary rhizophores, which are borne on the lower most part of the stems and throughout stolons, each filiform or stout, 0.2-1.0 mm diam. In addition, the leaves on main stems are seemingly monomorphic and strongly appressed to stems, shortly below or above first stem branches and after this become fully heteromorphic, with median leaf upper surfaces covered with short-elongate or punctate, papillate idioblasts, and with a small or reduced, dentate outer auricle on outer bases, and lateral leaf with scattered, elongate, papillate idioblasts on lower surfaces. Furthermore, megaspores of this species are white, rugulate-reticulate on proximal faces without an equatorial flange and with strongly echinate and perforate microstructure, reticulate with open and closed reticulae formed by low muri and reticulate-granulose on distal faces with strongly echinate and perforate microstructure. Finally, microspores of this species are orange, echinate, rugulate, and granulate on proximal faces with punctate microstructure, capitate or baculate on distal faces with each caput or bacula and the rest of the surface with an echinate microstructure. In addition, the most examined specimens of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. surucucusensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have their leaf upper surfaces dark, brown-greenish to brownish, probably due to being fixed in alcohol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella surucucusensis" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically somewhat similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. gioiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="gioiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. gioiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it is set aside by the characters listed under the diagnosis and discussion of the latter. Furthermore, because of the fern-like habit and erect stems of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. surucucusensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most examined specimens were variously misidentified as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. anceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="anceps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. anceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C. Presl) C. Presl, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amazonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Spring, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. mazaruniensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="mazaruniensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. mazaruniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jenm., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. oaxacana" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="oaxacana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. oaxacana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Spring or 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. palmiformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="palmiformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. palmiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The short-elongate or punctate, papillate idioblasts on upper surfaces in median leaf of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. surucucusensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are somewhat similar to those of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cuneata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="cuneata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. cuneata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mickel &amp; Beitel from Mexico. 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella surucucusensis" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cuneata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="cuneata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. cuneata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its ovate or ovate-oblong (vs. broadly ovate to ovate-orbicular) lateral leaves; median leaves bases (on main stems after first branches) oblique, truncate or asymmetric with the outer bases prominent (vs. slightly so) with (vs. without) an outer auricle, outer halves of leaf laminae at least 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
to 
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
wider (vs. twice as narrow) than inner halves, and margins of median and acroscopic margins of lateral leaves hyaline (vs. greenish).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella surucucusensis" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also appears morphologically close to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. oaxacana" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="oaxacana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. oaxacana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because both have median leaf with acuminate to short-aristate apices, narrowly hyaline and denticulate margins, outer basal auricles, and axillary, lateral, and dorsal rhizophores. 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella surucucusensis" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is set aside from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. oaxacana" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="oaxacana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. oaxacana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its lateral leaf basiscopic bases rounded to adnate to the stems (vs. geniculate to auricled) and upper surfaces of the median leaves and sporophylls with short-elongate or punctate (vs. with long) idioblasts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella surucucusensis" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amazonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its upper surfaces of leaf shiny, dark brown-green (vs. dark olive) to brownish (due to drying technique) and smooth (vs. dark brown and corrugate), with (vs. without) punctate or elongate idioblasts, median leaves above first branches ovate, ovate-elliptic, ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong (vs. broadly ovate to ovate-deltate) with (vs. lacking) an outer auricle, and lateral leaves shortly below or immediately above first branches ovate to ovate-oblong (vs. ovate-deltate). 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella surucucusensis" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily set aside from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. anceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="anceps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. anceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its leaf on main stems seemingly monomorphic and strongly appressed to the stem shortly before or after the first or second branches (vs. up to the third of fourth) branches, truncate and without (vs. with one or two, long, incurved, and ciliate) auricles. Likewise, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. surucucusensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is separated from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. mazaruniensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="mazaruniensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. mazaruniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its median leaf upper surfaces smooth (vs. corrugate), those above first branch with (vs. without) short-elongate or punctate, papillate idioblasts, with an outer (vs. lacking) auricle, and branches distinctly pinnate and conform (vs. usually flabelliform).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1546190" author="Crabbe, JA" journalOrPublisher="American Fern Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="135 - 144" refId="B2" refString="Crabbe, JA, Jermy, AC, 1973. Seven new species of Selaginella from tropical South America. American Fern Journal 63 (3): 135 - 144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1546190" title="Seven new species of Selaginella from tropical South America." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1546190" volume="63" year="1973">Crabbe and Jermy (1973</bibRefCitation>
: 141) cited one specimen here included in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. surucucusensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Schultes &amp; Cabrera 16471</emphasis>
, US) as a paratype of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. palmiformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="palmiformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. palmiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Alston, AHG" journalOrPublisher="Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="233 - 330" refId="B1" refString="Alston, AHG, Jermy, AC, Rankin, JM, 1981. The genus Selaginella in tropical South America. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany 9: 233 - 330" title="The genus Selaginella in tropical South America. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="9" year="1981">Alston et al. (1981</bibRefCitation>
: 256) followed them. Both species are similar in having their median leaf bases with an outer, ciliate auricle. Nevertheless, in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. palmiformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="palmiformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. palmiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the auricle is less prominent and covered only by 3-6 hairs. 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella surucucusensis" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. palmiformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="palmiformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. palmiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its stems 3- (vs. 1- or 2-) branched, rounded when dry (vs. quadrangular) with the overall shape of proximal branches wider at base (vs. at middle) and rhombic-triangular to deltate-triangular (vs. elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate), leaves obviously heteromorphic above first or second (vs. usually at or above fourth) branches with upper surfaces having (vs. lacking conspicuous) short-elongate or punctate, and papillate idioblasts. It differs further from the latter by median leaf margins denticulate (vs. coarsely dentate), truncate (vs. often subcordate) axillary leaf bases, and ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong (vs. oblong) lateral leaves. 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella surucucusensis" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. palmiformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="palmiformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. palmiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its median leaves on main stems after fully heteromorphic ovate, ovate-elliptic, ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong (vs. broadly ovate to ovate-deltate) with arcuate (vs. straight and almost central) midribs, outer halves of leaf laminae ca. ⅛ wider than inner halves (vs. both halves about the same width), and leaf bases evenly raised (vs. centrally ventricose).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella surucucusensis" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. altheae" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="altheae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. altheae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Valdespino are members of the &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella flabellata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella flabellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group,&quot; and have similar microspore ornamentation but they diverge on their leaf shapes. 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella surucucusensis" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. altheae" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="altheae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. altheae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its median leaf margins denticulate (vs. inner margins short ciliate along proximal ⅔, otherwise denticulate on distal ⅓ and outer margins entire along proximal ⅓, becoming short-ciliate along medial ⅓, otherwise denticulate on distal ⅓), with (vs. without) an outer basal auricle, and lacking marginal to submarginal stomata (vs. stomata present on proximal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
along outer margins), and lateral leaf acroscopic margins dentate along proximal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
, otherwise denticulate on distal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
(vs. long-ciliate along proximal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="½-¾">1/2-3/4</normalizedToken>
, otherwise short-ciliate to dentate distally).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Finally, the presence of dorsal rhizophores in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. altheae" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="altheae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. altheae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. oaxacana" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="oaxacana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. oaxacana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. surucucusensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="surucucusensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. surucucusensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and other members of the &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella flabellata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella flabellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group&quot; might eventually prove to be a morphological character that helps define this alliance. Nevertheless, dorsal rhizophores are also found in other heterophyllous 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species such as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. psittacorhyncha" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="psittacorhyncha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. psittacorhyncha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Valdespino, IA" journalOrPublisher="Phytoneuron" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 8" refId="B17" refString="Valdespino, IA, 2017b. Validation of Selaginella psittacorrhyncha (Selaginellaceae), a new species from the Guiana Highlands of Venezuela and Brazil. Phytoneuron 63: 1 - 8" title="Validation of Selaginella psittacorrhyncha (Selaginellaceae), a new species from the Guiana Highlands of Venezuela and Brazil." volume="63" year="2017 b">Valdespino 2017b</bibRefCitation>
) within subg. 
<taxonomicName lsidName="(Stachygynamdrum)" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stachygynamdrum">Stachygynamdrum</taxonomicName>
, where it has not been widely reported, and is characteristic of articulate species of subg. 
<taxonomicName lsidName="(Gymnogynum)" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Gymnogynum">Gymnogynum</taxonomicName>
s.l. (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2018.1496849" author="Valdespino, IA" journalOrPublisher="Botany Letters" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="487 - 493" refId="B20" refString="Valdespino, IA, Lopez, CA, Ceballos, J, 2018. Selaginella germinans (Selaginellaceae), a new articulate species from Chapada dos Veadeiros region in the state of Goias, Brazil. Botany Letters 165 (3-4): 487 - 493, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2018.1496849" title="Selaginella germinans (Selaginellaceae), a new articulate species from Chapada dos Veadeiros region in the state of Goias, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2018.1496849" volume="165" year="2018">Valdespino et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-019-09596-7" author="Valdespino, IA" journalOrPublisher="Phytoneuron" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" refId="B18" refString="Valdespino, IA, Lopez, CA, 2019. Selaginellamoraniana (Selaginellaceae - Lycopodiophyta): A new articulate species with puberulent lateral leaves from northwestern South America. Brittonia. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-019-09596-7" title="Selaginellamoraniana (Selaginellaceae - Lycopodiophyta): A new articulate species with puberulent lateral leaves from northwestern South America. Brittonia." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-019-09596-7" year="2019">
Valdespino and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
), subg. 
<taxonomicName lsidName="(Lepidophyllae)" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lepidophyllae">Lepidophyllae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600288" author="Weststrand, S" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="2160 - 2169" refId="B21" refString="Weststrand, S, Korall, P, 2016. A subgeneric classification of Selaginella (Selaginellaceae). American Journal of Botany 103 (12): 2160 - 2169, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600288" title="A subgeneric classification of Selaginella (Selaginellaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600288" volume="103" year="2016">Weststrand and Korall 2016</bibRefCitation>
), and homophyllous species classified in subg. 
<taxonomicName lsidName="(Rupestrae)" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Rupestrae">Rupestrae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Flora of North America Editorial Committee" journalOrPublisher="Vol. 2. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="38 - 63" refId="B11" refString="Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 1993a. Selaginellaceae. In: Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 2. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York: 38 - 63" title="Selaginellaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of North America North of Mexico." year="1993 a">Valdespino 1993a</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600288" author="Weststrand, S" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="2160 - 2169" refId="B21" refString="Weststrand, S, Korall, P, 2016. A subgeneric classification of Selaginella (Selaginellaceae). American Journal of Botany 103 (12): 2160 - 2169, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600288" title="A subgeneric classification of Selaginella (Selaginellaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600288" volume="103" year="2016">Weststrand and Korall 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Consequently, it might well be that dorsal rhizophores are underreported in subg. 
<taxonomicName lsidName="(Stachygynandrum)" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stachygynandrum">Stachygynandrum</taxonomicName>
and of wider occurrence in 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or perhaps this feature has originated several times in different evolutionary lineages within the genus. Accordingly, the occurrence of dorsal rhizophores within 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
warrants further morphological, anatomical, molecular, and phylogenetic studies throughout species alliances to ascertain its evolutionary implications.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>