288 lines
39 KiB
XML
288 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="3026" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025" ID-GBIF-Dataset="74767cee-040d-4554-bf9c-6ba4177b39cf" ID-PMC="PMC8683394" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1076-151" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8DB0FAF7DD4E5718A2A57AFD9CC3A7EE" ID-PubMed="35002358" ID-ZooBank="7B4E12710B60450480B368028E4B1AD6" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1076-151" checkinTime="1639109995037" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Izumi, Takato & Fujii, Takuma" docDate="2021" docId="D4431F22BDB7546DA6FC73888125A467" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1076: 151-182" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1076" docPubDate="2021-12-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025" docTitle="Edwardsianthus sapphirus Izumi & Fujii 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="84D8919D-0CF0-4C90-BD92-896482C4D206" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" id="8DB0FAF7DD4E5718A2A57AFD9CC3A7EE" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="8DB0FAF7DD4E5718A2A57AFD9CC3A7EE" masterDocTitle="Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="151" updateTime="1732751669446" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8C7F4935793F81C35A55582F2EF8381A">Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="242F436C0B6A0BD065C05DA4CDCC3CFC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9BB78101531BE559DB47B6CB8E4B6EBF">Izumi, Takato</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0AA978E89A2DE535F68F1E3DAA2350EB">Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="25BEB4813B28672A5833FF1A8B5CE797" type="email">iz.takato@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="68BA247BEB76545C98CEC7CB66780076">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6C60444B0FCDE1F64D0A6EA9CBA447C0">Fujii, Takuma</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2EDB23CE90521CB8A3CDB464E7E2C429">Kagoshima City Aquarium, 3 - 1 Honko-shinmachi, Kagoshima, 892 - 0814, Japan & International Center for Island Studies Amami Station, Kagoshima University, 15 - 1 Naze-Minatomachi, Amami, Kagoshima 894 - 0026, Japan & The Kagoshima University Museum, 1 - 21 - 30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890 - 0065, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="9B8F3618303B7C1A52149ED56A8A4685">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C6EE45A860B7264D8DF56FE3F75F0EFF">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D6507AB8E353E3BC72BD1535FD4719C2">2021-12-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D67BB57E8461C7C51522619AD72E1C21">1076</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="2BC72263A690FE769A7C7309CAB5D7AC">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="95AF9D86B2E53ADF460A9386DA95654F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7FBE19666B450EFE4E09B731000DB022" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D4431F22BDB7546DA6FC73888125A467" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191261407" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:84D8919D-0CF0-4C90-BD92-896482C4D206" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D4431F22BDB7546DA6FC73888125A467" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Edwardsiidae" scope_order="Actiniaria" scope_superFamily="Edwardsioidea">
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<subSubSection id="031816251A0460B72B5CA2CE8D383BEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3CE358634CED46011DD3C9786811D188" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName id="91C1ABD9EDC119505937C91848F09232" ID-CoL="8TFYV" LSID="http://zoobank.org/84D8919D-0CF0-4C90-BD92-896482C4D206" authority="Izumi & Fujii, 2021" authorityName="Izumi & Fujii" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsianthus sapphirus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sapphirus" status="sp. nov.">Edwardsianthus sapphirus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E98F82CFFEDD424F2E820D75D20767" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AA255E2530F65E70449DB9AD5C7F7498" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4035D2AEA2577B1CA5FA344DAB9BD0F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<figureCitation id="64B6466A08492B193B1F13002AE9C5FC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Japanese name: safaia-mushimodoki-ginchaku Figs 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E3C1732E2B8579C4B98CE4D78D9CC878" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Cnidae of Edwardsianthus species A-D E. sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761) A 1 spirocyst in tentacle A 2 basitrich in tentacle B 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx B 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx C 1 small basitrich in nemathybome C 2 large basitrich in nemathybome D 1 small basitrich in filament D 2 large basitrich in filament D 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament E-H E. smaragdus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09762) E 1 spirocyst in tentacle E 2 basitrich in tentacle F 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx F 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx F 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in actinopharynx G 1 small basitrich in nemathybome; G 2 large basitrich in nemathybome; H 1 spirocyst in filament; H 2 small basitrich in filament H 3 large basitrich in filament H 4 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament I-K E. amethystus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09763) I 1 spirocyst in tentacle I 2 basitrich in tentacle J 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx J 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx K 1 spirocyst in filament K 2 small basitrich in filament K 3 large basitrich in filament K 4 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621142" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">, 7A-D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="30848D4A75A82633A0C12C60926D4653" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5C2992C8EB6E954FA12E8B79A62A26B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F57B96D7013C5F17C618FE2A52E3EC8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<materialsCitation id="80B02D551CF2CC3967CE6CEA12518EFD" collectingDate="2012-06-24" country="Japan" elevation="10" location="Oura Bay" municipality="Island" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Okinawa" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis id="D5A568918FB9FB24A6E6CCF2CB10B205" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<typeStatus id="C7C935C65D285F3912FCBB21D8D1CFC4">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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. CMNH-ZG 09761: histological sections, tissues in paraffin, and prepared nematocysts, collected by SCUBA diving on
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<collectingDate id="7053E7CB886B698CD4FA18465E35C0C5" value="2012-06-24">24 June 2012</collectingDate>
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, in
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<location id="93720486C1BD41BB4F88A1B93CC79AA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D4431F22BDB7546DA6FC73888125A467:93720486C1BD41BB4F88A1B93CC79AA2" country="Japan" municipality="Island" name="Oura Bay" stateProvince="Okinawa">Oura Bay</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="D8684E6134494B13889D85D43C47CE69" country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
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<collectingMunicipality id="E7E23D7568FD2798F4E5D127DE0BC833">Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="628273241DC87434DB99CB60CDCA019C" country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F95C9CF7AE335309BB64A17564B215B3" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<elevation id="937357AA561E906BCD72508D3D1F5946" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="10.0">
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<quantity id="E09670970F0817789C59B32E83B33A36" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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, by Takuma Fujii.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="63D5A1B17434967330293411EE1A128A" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F46A836FD462A54BD14CDCD5365FD516" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4BD31C0D4A650D0D266A3A44F79EE426" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<emphasis id="78C3A3CF8E6D1AC182016E2DC3809A74" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<emphasis id="67F37A4598C67BD25AF128D3F6B982EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">External anatomy</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Size: preserved specimen ca. 150 mm in whole length, and 20 mm (narrower part)-35 mm (broader part) in width, and> 300 mm in living animal. Column: cylinder-like form, and the proximal part swollen to some extent in preserved specimen. The column consisting of capitulum, scapus and quite small physa. The distal-most part of the capitulum transparently blue, short, without nemathybomes. Scapus with thin and easily stripped periderm, brown in color, and with quite numerous, tiny, pale white in color, scattered nemathybomes (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="1EC8A0C5904F807AA0022E95486CE200" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6B</figureCitation>
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). Nemathybomes. Aboral end differentiated small, tapered physa. Tentacles: 20 in number in two cycles: inner tentacles 5 and outer 15, metallic greenish blue in color with no pattern in living specimen (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="4029F986B93F7B21C58C053200FA2ADC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6A</figureCitation>
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; this color lost in preserved specimen), slender, without acrospheres. Inner tentacles ca. 10 mm and outer ones 15-25 mm in length in the living specimen. Mouth: at the center of oral disc, apparently swollen in living animal (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="21FD1CB863739E9379D715BD3AA1B745" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6A</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="4815A639AFEA50321F317567AAA49FAC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<emphasis id="2F84D7BBA53B9E9F64BED4ABD5EFC0A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Internal anatomy</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Mesenterial arrangement: eight perfect mesenteries, all macrocnemes. Four dorsal and ventral directives, and four lateral mesenteries not paired with other macrocnemes, arranged in normal
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<taxonomicName id="7C7C44D6F50A09D09EFEC6AB1A52F2EF" authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1842" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F3AD4C7A7311706A9979C9834066D1F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Edwardsia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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pattern (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="74833E9CB110E897A89C22BD40D989A1" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6C</figureCitation>
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). All macrocnemes are present along the whole body length from oral to aboral end and bear distinct retractor and parietal muscles. Twelve tiny microcnemes, without muscles, only confined to distal-most part. Four microcnemes between dorsal directives and dorso-lateral mesenteries, four between dorso-and ventro-lateral mesenteries, and four between ventro-lateral mesenteries and ventral directives. Retractor muscles: at the mid part of column, strongly developed and diffused (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="2A0F6261C405124570BB94592A22C4AD" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6E</figureCitation>
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), pennon-like, arranged with 120-150 muscular processes, simple or slightly branched. One process nearest to body wall extremely well-branched, with> 100 secondary and thirdly branched processes (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="51625821BAD148B77374BAA8708BD8DC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6E</figureCitation>
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). Parietal muscles: distinct, developed peculiarly: consisted of ca. 20-30 processes in each side, and only one of them extremely developed, branched into secondary 15-25 processes, and expanded broadly. Thus, parietals in entirety appearing in a characteristic shape like the club symbol of cards (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="A998E6C8674F2CBC68089DD14283D131" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6D</figureCitation>
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). Others: each with one tentacle from each endo- or exocoels. Existence of siphonoglyph unknown because of contracted state of specimen. Tentacular circular muscle endodermal, indistinct (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CD88736BC82AECB0BB6D493BC55CE19" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6G</figureCitation>
|
||
), and longitudinal muscle ectodermal, distinct, and sometimes pinnated (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E28E204BAF8D84F7DD7172E9DDF3A08" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesoglea thickest in body wall, sometimes reaching 1 mm in thickness (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5D882503A816384599C7EC3FB2F73482" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6C</figureCitation>
|
||
), but thinner in mesenteries, parietal muscle, and tentacles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="020F920B7AE1FF583893109BB033987F" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6E-H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nemathybomes protruding from mesoglea. Marginal sphincter muscle and basilar muscle absent. Gametogenic tissue apart from retractor muscles, distinct (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="300F81F3691E72D8DE8668CC09FB120A" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), with matured oocytes.
|
||
<emphasis id="FF81D7D747CF214AFAF6DFCE582E6E8C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D3B89F002682E628AF594152CAAB233" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Cnidom</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Basitrichs, spirocysts, microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="1FB976B2C44B1FACA1C8190FDF8D844A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores. See Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5E6935F7905ECE3B1446609FB806338C" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Cnidae of Edwardsianthus species A-D E. sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761) A 1 spirocyst in tentacle A 2 basitrich in tentacle B 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx B 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx C 1 small basitrich in nemathybome C 2 large basitrich in nemathybome D 1 small basitrich in filament D 2 large basitrich in filament D 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament E-H E. smaragdus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09762) E 1 spirocyst in tentacle E 2 basitrich in tentacle F 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx F 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx F 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in actinopharynx G 1 small basitrich in nemathybome; G 2 large basitrich in nemathybome; H 1 spirocyst in filament; H 2 small basitrich in filament H 3 large basitrich in filament H 4 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament I-K E. amethystus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09763) I 1 spirocyst in tentacle I 2 basitrich in tentacle J 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx J 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx K 1 spirocyst in filament K 2 small basitrich in filament K 3 large basitrich in filament K 4 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621142" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">7A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
and Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="88D0F754EAC7850B467E154E04F7EAB4" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Cnidoms of the species of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov., Edwardsianthus smaragdus sp. nov., and Edwardsianthus amethystus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/190441D4E517A29127E0082EA697D58B" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" tableUuid="190441D4E517A29127E0082EA697D58B">5</tableCitation>
|
||
for sizes and distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AB26CBCD7605AADF27BB7256785E588C" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph id="C101C7FEE92EDF09E54CCB202CCFACE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis id="5A1F0E33D3B6F5F90E53E49160803F20" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
External and internal morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB582A840E321E75D452D1E0765CA8F0" authorityName="Izumi & Fujii" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsianthus sapphirus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sapphirus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BF7E915474C56364F8BB3A0972E6D67D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Edwardsianthus sapphirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761).
|
||
<emphasis id="CC28BF6B58AC300A727E729867E2D9F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A</emphasis>
|
||
oral view of living specimen in the habitat
|
||
<emphasis id="D77C83AF1F39004911A07C9B70C6FBF7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B</emphasis>
|
||
outer view of preserved specimen;
|
||
<emphasis id="2BA32F904212187507BEDC254EDF5033" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Transverse section of column in upper part
|
||
<emphasis id="62F36BD613EAE949AEC716C0C631234F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">D</emphasis>
|
||
enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle
|
||
<emphasis id="5C1E44400DADFB8464C2D1CE96790AB3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E</emphasis>
|
||
enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle
|
||
<emphasis id="2926FE1F6092D3B9FEC8449899AD2192" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">F</emphasis>
|
||
transverse section of ovary
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF74EDB559BA35F81E86C8F854B137D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">G</emphasis>
|
||
longitudinal section of tentacle
|
||
<emphasis id="FFB276237A475F8F430CAB1839586990" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">H</emphasis>
|
||
transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (
|
||
<emphasis id="BBE9A0E60297B911D14729AF34576682" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
); 500
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CC6A50FB2A37152EC45218DE95E38A30" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="A54FC37EF8A77CB558377E54B7953D27" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C-E</emphasis>
|
||
); 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1E43F970FD91C951020A456B9A590DDF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D599CA96CA8116097A4A8F876388941C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">F-H</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="5ACCDF3AA22DC195043CE16DB1B75ACE" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621142" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA989BA886E549EBFD1BA435983318C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis id="33F1F8206C93AA15011434C34D9248B0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Cnidae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9598BDF5273B1507FAC1E5088ED37CD7" authorityName="England" authorityYear="1987" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsianthus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2247DC717B6F7F50F0B4CFA221336D37" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Edwardsianthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species
|
||
<emphasis id="8ACC8B96CDAF68BF68282983D000708A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A-D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="292BEA04362AC01459381D2E6548FAC4" class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. sapphirus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sapphirus">
|
||
<emphasis id="009DA1CC7D5BA27450B60EFB1981C54E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. sapphirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761)
|
||
<emphasis id="8A179A91FE5C828109BFD9A88532E646" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A1</emphasis>
|
||
spirocyst in tentacle
|
||
<emphasis id="DC93185AA30FAB6EEF8B30A745D1E005" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A2</emphasis>
|
||
basitrich in tentacle
|
||
<emphasis id="591FAFF1A6757397502626EEDFD42634" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B1</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in actinopharynx
|
||
<emphasis id="0C853C224290A1DF726C6A35A51A2431" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B2</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in actinopharynx
|
||
<emphasis id="9A0F9D0AF579EABBE0447D3A1584A270" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C1</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in nemathybome
|
||
<emphasis id="A718021A89D5044DE1FA0490840F9EC6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C2</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in nemathybome
|
||
<emphasis id="F637C9781A714FA1003A66C41D33DBEC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">D1</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in filament
|
||
<emphasis id="B6862C077E6E4EED9734D2D2FF14B4AC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">D2</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in filament
|
||
<emphasis id="D9C2BEBF237C740577DA6531F0250697" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">D3</emphasis>
|
||
microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="1A4E8B22BC044D6C8E5730E26536F737" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophore in filament
|
||
<emphasis id="B85521F74F48BBA9871A673FF421EE24" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E-H</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F551B24EE4C4874F96613C7C8C22D907" class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. smaragdus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="smaragdus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89949029D2A3CD7620B68C047F5D66" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. smaragdus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09762)
|
||
<emphasis id="627EB595F1E7DA2C0C4E7ACA597ACE6B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E1</emphasis>
|
||
spirocyst in tentacle
|
||
<emphasis id="79C51A465418DCFBA01E53ECEFDD6597" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E2</emphasis>
|
||
basitrich in tentacle
|
||
<emphasis id="81226FCC225265E1A564DE2F15246EB2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">F1</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in actinopharynx
|
||
<emphasis id="E7F92CCA865B296C6710D42B9901BF89" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">F2</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in actinopharynx
|
||
<emphasis id="1DA6F6CCA6849DC6CCC14600A498C1E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">F3</emphasis>
|
||
microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="DC0E51003E76F94BCCE3CDB6CFFD16B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophore in actinopharynx
|
||
<emphasis id="B5B049BD85434A361916D2DC3DF8FDC0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">G1</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in nemathybome;
|
||
<emphasis id="C961C907C1CB280589514720DE3D2315" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">G2</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in nemathybome;
|
||
<emphasis id="C4528B5F3EC02A8A344C02E00A8C92E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">H1</emphasis>
|
||
spirocyst in filament;
|
||
<emphasis id="2907257C67E925CA962E0DE50F605B75" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">H2</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in filament
|
||
<emphasis id="2854A6CABA69251DA082ADC7D535D41F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">H3</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in filament
|
||
<emphasis id="379491C4DA20432D10F808B7CB8197F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">H4</emphasis>
|
||
microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EA878E80C7CAF66F889E6ADD012B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophore in filament
|
||
<emphasis id="DE760D34A15867B7DE4BEFDA200E5A87" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">I-K</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA016DFE1B2FD872503618986015B2E0" class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. amethystus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amethystus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2F7D6FD9A771DD8BE243E0935E30A5F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. amethystus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09763)
|
||
<emphasis id="44590ABC2F3046250557F8EAF2C56FD1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">I1</emphasis>
|
||
spirocyst in tentacle
|
||
<emphasis id="B36529585E460515CF9D875639B3A53B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">I2</emphasis>
|
||
basitrich in tentacle
|
||
<emphasis id="4B98E0720CA5F7DDA62CDE48F20E7DA0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">J1</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in actinopharynx
|
||
<emphasis id="E3808AE402059CC47A04FF18B5E08619" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">J2</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in actinopharynx
|
||
<emphasis id="8952CFDA5372EDEF75BCEEA525932ECF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">K1</emphasis>
|
||
spirocyst in filament
|
||
<emphasis id="514FBA76DA7904F2F3C38868D7FD607D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">K2</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in filament
|
||
<emphasis id="CC759D63430CBCACFE1E6B162E695AD7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">K3</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in filament
|
||
<emphasis id="425872F73DC4C4971C75DF0FA16417B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">K4</emphasis>
|
||
microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="9F1523B7C44A13F12F98A41B3F285E02" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophore in filament.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="64A1BE5385FC4E691BE4092680EB46D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D501357D831D77440E1D8DF6507B35ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F928A9349526431038A4941C13D52EEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
The species epithet refers to a sapphire, a gemstone, and is named so after the brilliant metallic blue color of the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C70F39E99DB08D2E852FE4FBB5A4B03A" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
tentacles. Derivation of the Japanese name is the same as that of the Latin species name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1E729A582308736501365190D8B4FEB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="E313A89F8870EB4EB9834CBF4643E897" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EFE5A451C760964D274B26F5CF6265E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
This species is one of the largest species of its family. It is not only characterized by its gigantic body size, and bluish metallic tentacle coloration, but also by the strange club-like shape of its parietal muscles. Congeneric species have parietal muscles with simple or slightly branched processes, and there are no confirmed cases of parietal muscles with such secondary branched muscular processes in other species. Thus, the shape of parietal muscle of this species is very conspicuous within its genus, allowing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50181A80684FAEAB4D4D066405EFE813" class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. sapphirus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sapphirus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0C72CE56F3B2CF1F52E65F69BC360D6A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. sapphirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be distinguished easily from its congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="64B1EDB3F9B762E4702A63509360AFAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">There have been several observations of the metallic blue tentacles resembling this species reported during SCUBA diving in Amami Oshima by Takuma Fujii and some other divers (Atetsu Bay and some other places). However, it was too difficult to dig out such large edwardsiid sea anemones that are buried deeply in the substrate, as they usually retract their whole bodies quickly into the substrate. Therefore, we think that the difficulty in collecting multiple specimens is the most serious issue that needs to be overcome in order to make additional progress in the study of edwardsiids.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |