515 lines
71 KiB
XML
515 lines
71 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B6AB1123BD1D035C42266CFA16A407D4">A new marine vertebrate assemblage from the Late Neogene Purisima Formation in Central California, part II: Pinnipeds and Cetaceans</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2C440E5F6B65DA1BAB2969089F31089C">Boessenecker, Robert W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ED22299A1157B3F55ECF53483721C668">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="17B3642DE6B67C7B9935666C339B4212">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="95446E646A584CE57D8E236379B2EB44">2013-12-31</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E7DD69FFFA8670278F7968FC3C3D9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4818624" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182400950" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4818624" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E7DD69FFFA8670278F7968FC3C3D9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E7DD69FFFA8670278F7968FC3C3D9B" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="860" pageId="42" pageNumber="857">
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<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FFFA8677278F7968FDAB3E1F" box="[200,560,1293,1319]" pageId="42" pageNumber="857" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFA8677278F7968FDAB3E1F" blockId="42.[200,560,1293,1319]" box="[200,560,1293,1319]" pageId="42" pageNumber="857">
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<heading id="D0B9DB13FFFA8677278F7968FDAB3E1F" box="[200,560,1293,1319]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="857" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFA8677278F7968FEEE3E1F" ID-CoL="722" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[200,373,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Balaenopteridae</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. indet.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FFFA867727367928FD9C3E5C" box="[113,519,1356,1381]" pageId="42" pageNumber="857" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFA867727367928FD9C3E5C" blockId="42.[113,519,1356,1381]" box="[113,519,1356,1381]" pageId="42" pageNumber="857">
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aff.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFA867727D07929FF633E5C" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,248,1356,1380]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Plesiocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFA867727D07929FF633E5C" box="[151,248,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="857">Plesiocetus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFFA867726567929FE6B3E5C" author="BOESSENECKER R. W." box="[273,496,1356,1380]" pageId="42" pageNumber="857" pagination="43" refId="ref66249" refString="BOESSENECKER R. W. 2006. - A new marine vertebrate assemblage from the Late Neogene Purisima Formation at Pomponio State Beach, California. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (3, supplement): 43 A." type="journal article" year="2006">Boessenecker 2006: 43</bibRefCitation>
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A.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FFFA8670273679E7FC3C3D9B" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="860" pageId="42" pageNumber="857" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFA8677273679E7FD1E3D26" blockId="42.[111,647,1410,1566]" pageId="42" pageNumber="857">
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REFERRED MATERIAL. — UCMP 219137, a right posterior process of a petrotympanic UCMP 219098, 219097, 219107, 219478, one left and three right tympanic bullae, and UCMP 219141, a fragment of the posterior end of a left mandible, collected by R.W.Boessenecker from UCMP localities
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<accessionNumber id="941DF19CFFFA867727F97A63FE973D26" box="[190,268,1542,1566]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V99834" pageId="42" pageNumber="857" type="EnaNcbi">V99834</accessionNumber>
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,
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<accessionNumber id="941DF19CFFFA867726557A63FEC43D26" box="[274,351,1542,1566]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V99835" pageId="42" pageNumber="857" type="EnaNcbi">V99835</accessionNumber>
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,
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<accessionNumber id="941DF19CFFFA867726217A63FE2F3D26" box="[358,436,1542,1566]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V99836" pageId="42" pageNumber="857" type="EnaNcbi">V99836</accessionNumber>
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,
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<accessionNumber id="941DF19CFFFA867726FE7A63FD9C3D26" box="[441,519,1542,1566]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V99840" pageId="42" pageNumber="857" type="EnaNcbi">V99840</accessionNumber>
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, and
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<accessionNumber id="941DF19CFFFA867725747A63FD1A3D26" box="[563,641,1542,1566]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V99851" pageId="42" pageNumber="857" type="EnaNcbi">V99851</accessionNumber>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFA867727367A58FD993D9B" blockId="42.[113,649,1596,1699]" pageId="42" pageNumber="857">
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STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE. — Lower and middle parts of the San Gregorio section of the Purisima Formation, latest Miocene to Early Pliocene (6.4-3.35 Ma; Messinian-Piacenzian equivalent;
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<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFA867726FC7AEEFE6E3D9B" box="[443,501,1675,1699]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,1221,1239]" captionTargetBox="[761,1205,215,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-149@6.[759,1205,592,972]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Stratigraphy of the Purisima Formation: A, Stratigraphic column of the San Gregorio section of the Purisima Formation (in meters), showing stratigraphic position of UCMP vertebrate localities, dated ash beds, diatom floras, and species of Carcharodon; thickness measurements start over above missing section in uppermost part due lack of overlapping strata; epoch and stage boundaries marked as "?" are estimated; modified from Boessenecker (2011a); Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary after Hilgen et al. (2012); B, photograph of 3-4 m thick ash within Purisima Formation at mouth of San Gregorio Creek correlated with 2.5 Ma Ishi Tuff (Powell et al.2007); C, trace fossils in pervasively bioturbated sandstone,Purisima Formation,mouth of San Gregorio Creek; D, swaley cross-stratified sandstone, mouth of San Gregorio Creek. Abbreviations: Qt, Pleistocene terrace deposits; Tp, Purisima Formation; C, claystone; St, siltstone; Ss, sandstone. Scale bars: A, 2 m; B, C, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538204/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="857">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFA867725E27FF4FCAE3891" blockId="42.[675,1211,913,1699]" box="[677,821,913,939]" pageId="42" pageNumber="857">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFA867625E27FD4FDB038D3" blockId="42.[675,1211,913,1699]" lastBlockId="43.[112,648,944,1700]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="858" pageId="42" pageNumber="857">
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Two balaenopterid morphotypes are represented by fossil tympanic bullae (
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<tableCitation id="C6CC59C4FFFA867724F07FB5FB9238D3" box="[951,1033,976,1003]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="21.[112,123,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="TABLE 5. — Measurements (in cm) of mysticete tympanic bullae. Abbreviations: e, denotes estimated measurement, in this case due to adhering matrix. Measurements given to nearest hundredth of a millimeter." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF313CF7FFC5864827377CBEFD6F3A3C" pageId="42" pageNumber="857" tableUuid="DF313CF7FFC5864827377CBEFD6F3A3C">Table 5</tableCitation>
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). Morphotype 1 includes UCMP 219097 and 219478; except where noted, the description of this morphotype is based primarily on UCMP 219478 (Morphotype 2 described below). In medial and lateral aspect, the tympanic bulla is roughly oval (
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<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFA8677234C780BFBE93FB1" box="[1035,1138,1134,1161]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[113,124,795,813]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,215,756]" captionTargetId="figure-374@42.[569,1027,195,572]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 21. — Tympanic bullae of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet., morphotype 1; A, UCMP 219478, left tympanic in medial view; B, UCMP 219478 in dorsal view; C, UCMP 219478 in ventral view; D, UCMP 219097 in medial view; E, UCMP 219097 in dorsal view; F, UCMP 219097 in ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538253/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="857">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
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), with subequally sized anterior and posterior lobes. A vertical shelf or flange along the anteromedial margin is absent. Ŋe involucrum is smooth, gently convex, and tapers anteriorly. Ŋe involucrum bears some faint transverse striations (
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<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFA867723777968FB2A3E1F" box="[1072,1201,1293,1319]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[113,124,795,813]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,215,756]" captionTargetId="figure-374@42.[569,1027,195,572]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 21. — Tympanic bullae of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet., morphotype 1; A, UCMP 219478, left tympanic in medial view; B, UCMP 219478 in dorsal view; C, UCMP 219478 in ventral view; D, UCMP 219097 in medial view; E, UCMP 219097 in dorsal view; F, UCMP 219097 in ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538253/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="857">Fig. 21A, D</figureCitation>
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) and a well-developed dorsal posterior prominence (
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<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFA867725E97928FD7F3E5E" box="[686,740,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="857">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFFA867725AA7929FB8C3E5F" author="OISHI M. & HASEGAWA Y." box="[749,1047,1356,1383]" pageId="42" pageNumber="857" pagination="346 - 452" refId="ref73263" refString="OISHI M. & HASEGAWA Y. 1995 b. - Diversity of Pliocene mysticetes from eastern Japan. hve Island Arc 3: 346 - 452." type="journal article" year="1995">Oishi & Hasegawa 1995b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFA867723627929FB363E5F" box="[1061,1197,1356,1383]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[113,124,795,813]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,215,756]" captionTargetId="figure-374@42.[569,1027,195,572]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 21. — Tympanic bullae of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet., morphotype 1; A, UCMP 219478, left tympanic in medial view; B, UCMP 219478 in dorsal view; C, UCMP 219478 in ventral view; D, UCMP 219097 in medial view; E, UCMP 219097 in dorsal view; F, UCMP 219097 in ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538253/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="857">Fig. 21C, F</figureCitation>
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). In medial view, the tympanic cavity is anteriorly oval -shaped, and narrows posteriorly where it is pinched between the involucrum and sigmoid process. Ŋe conical process is blunt, low, and ventrally concave. Ŋe lateral furrow is broad and situated at the midpoint of the bulla. Ŋe sigmoid fissure (= posterior border of sigmoid process) is transversely oriented, deep, and ventrally shallows (
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<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFA867725EC7A0CFC8F3DBC" box="[683,788,1641,1668]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[113,124,795,813]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,215,756]" captionTargetId="figure-374@42.[569,1027,195,572]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 21. — Tympanic bullae of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet., morphotype 1; A, UCMP 219478, left tympanic in medial view; B, UCMP 219478 in dorsal view; C, UCMP 219478 in ventral view; D, UCMP 219097 in medial view; E, UCMP 219097 in dorsal view; F, UCMP 219097 in ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538253/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="857">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
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). Ŋe involucral and main ridges are posteriorly divergent and faintly developed. Ŋe involucral ridge is separated from the main ridge along the ventral margin (
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<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFB867626D37FB5FD8538D3" box="[404,542,976,1003]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[113,124,795,813]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,215,756]" captionTargetId="figure-374@42.[569,1027,195,572]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 21. — Tympanic bullae of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet., morphotype 1; A, UCMP 219478, left tympanic in medial view; B, UCMP 219478 in dorsal view; C, UCMP 219478 in ventral view; D, UCMP 219097 in medial view; E, UCMP 219097 in dorsal view; F, UCMP 219097 in ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538253/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Fig. 21A, D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF313CF7FFFB867627367CBEFF5C3A3C" ID-Table-UUID="DF313CF7FFFB867627367CBEFF5C3A3C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF313CF7FFFB867627367CBEFF5C3A3C" pageId="43" pageNumber="858" startId="43.[113,124,219,237]" targetBox="[115,1209,317,421]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="43">
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFB867627367CBEFF5C3A3C" blockId="43.[113,1209,219,260]" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">TABLE 8. — Measurements (in mm) of the posterior process of mysticete petrosals. Measurements given to nearest hundredth of a millimeter.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFB867627347D58FB8D3A9D" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
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<table id="F94E9EDFFFFB79A227347D58FB223A9D" box="[115,1209,317,421]" gridcols="4" gridrows="4" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
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<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347D58FB223A6A" box="[115,1209,317,338]" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
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<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A227347D58FF643A6A" box="[115,255,317,338]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFB867627347D58FF7F3A69" bold="true" box="[115,228,317,337]" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Specimens</emphasis>
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||
</th>
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||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A2267F7D58FE463A6A" box="[312,477,317,338]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
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||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFB8676267F7D58FE123A69" bold="true" box="[312,393,317,337]" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Species</emphasis>
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||
</th>
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||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A225597D58FCA33A6A" box="[542,824,317,338]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
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||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFB867625597D58FCA33A69" bold="true" box="[542,824,317,337]" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Length of posterior process</emphasis>
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||
</th>
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||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A2241B7D58FB223A6A" box="[860,1209,317,338]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
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||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFB8676241B7D58FB223A69" bold="true" box="[860,1209,317,338]" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Greatest depth of posterior process</emphasis>
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||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347D05FB223A4D" box="[115,1209,352,373]" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
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<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A227347D05FF643A4D" box="[115,255,352,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">UCMP 219137</th>
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<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A2267F7D05FE463A4D" box="[312,477,352,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
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||
cf.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFB8676261C7D04FE423A4D" box="[347,473,353,373]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFB8676261C7D04FE423A4D" box="[347,473,353,373]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Balaenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A225597D05FCA33A4D" box="[542,824,352,373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">167.65</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A2241B7D05FB223A4D" box="[860,1209,352,373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">59.18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347D1CFB223AB5" box="[115,1209,377,397]" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A227347D1CFF643AB5" box="[115,255,377,397]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">UCMP 219114</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A2267F7D1CFE463AB5" box="[312,477,377,397]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFB8676267F7D1CFE223AB5" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1872" box="[312,441,377,397]" class="Mammalia" genus="Herpetocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFB8676267F7D1CFE223AB5" box="[312,441,377,397]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Herpetocetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A225597D1CFCA33AB5" box="[542,824,377,397]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">35.96</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A2241B7D1CFB223AB5" box="[860,1209,377,397]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">33.17</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347DF4FB223A9D" box="[115,1209,401,421]" gridrow="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A227347DF4FF643A9D" box="[115,255,401,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">UCMP 219116</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A2267F7DF4FE463A9D" box="[312,477,401,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFB8676267F7DF4FE223A9D" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1872" box="[312,441,401,421]" class="Mammalia" genus="Herpetocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFB8676267F7DF4FE223A9D" box="[312,441,401,421]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Herpetocetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A225597DF4FCA33A9D" box="[542,824,401,421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">38.73</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A2241B7DF4FB223A9D" box="[860,1209,401,421]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">36.39</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF313CF7FFFB867627367DB0FB173AC5" ID-Table-UUID="DF313CF7FFFB867627367DB0FB173AC5" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF313CF7FFFB867627367DB0FB173AC5" pageId="43" pageNumber="858" startId="43.[113,124,469,487]" targetBox="[115,1179,567,865]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="43">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFB867627367DB0FB173AC5" blockId="43.[113,1209,468,509]" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
TABLE 9. — Measurements (in cm) of mandibles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFB8676255B7DB0FCA13ADF" authority="Van Beneden, 1872" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1872" box="[540,826,469,487]" class="Mammalia" genus="Herpetocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFB8676255B7DB0FD163ADF" box="[540,653,469,487]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Herpetocetus</emphasis>
|
||
Van Beneden, 1872
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Curvilinear measured along lateral surface of mandible. Abbreviation:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFB8676267B7D8EFEFA3AC5" bold="true" box="[316,353,491,509]" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">(inc)</emphasis>
|
||
, incomplete measurement due to breakage. Measurements given to nearest tenth of a millimeter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFB8676258A7E52FBD93859" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<table id="F94E9EDFFFFB79A227347E52FB003859" box="[115,1179,567,865]" gridcols="3" gridrows="12" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347E52FB003973" box="[115,1179,567,587]" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="858" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A225857E52FCFC3973" box="[706,871,567,587]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFB8676258A7E52FCC03973" bold="true" box="[717,859,567,587]" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">UCMP 219077</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A224867E52FB003973" box="[961,1179,567,587]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFB867624A07E52FBEE3973" bold="true" box="[999,1141,567,587]" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">UCMP 219079</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347E34FB00395D" box="[115,1179,593,613]" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="858" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A225857E34FCFC395D" box="[706,871,593,613]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFB867625857E34FCD8395D" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1872" box="[706,835,593,613]" class="Mammalia" genus="Herpetocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFB867625857E34FCD8395D" box="[706,835,593,613]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Herpetocetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A224867E34FB00395D" box="[961,1179,593,613]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFB867624867E34FB00395D" authorityName="Purisima Fm., Whitmore & Barnes" authorityYear="2008" box="[961,1179,593,613]" class="Mammalia" genus="Herpetocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramblei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFB867624867E34FB00395D" box="[961,1179,593,613]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Herpetocetus bramblei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347E11FB0039B0" box="[115,1179,628,648]" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A227347E11FD9D39B0" box="[115,518,628,648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Total length as preserved</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A225857E11FCFC39B0" box="[706,871,628,648]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">48.78 (inc)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A224867E11FB0039B0" box="[961,1179,628,648]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">119.70</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347EE9FB003998" box="[115,1179,652,672]" gridrow="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A227347EE9FD9D3998" box="[115,518,652,672]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Depth at coronoid process</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A225857EE9FCFC3998" box="[706,871,652,672]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">6.18</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A224867EE9FB003998" box="[961,1179,652,672]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">7.55</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347EC1FB003980" box="[115,1179,676,696]" gridrow="4" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A227347EC1FD9D3980" box="[115,518,676,696]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Length of coronoid crest</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A225857EC1FCFC3980" box="[706,871,676,696]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">9.91</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A224867EC1FB003980" box="[961,1179,676,696]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">12.41</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347ED9FB0039E8" box="[115,1179,700,720]" gridrow="5" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A227347ED9FD9D39E8" box="[115,518,700,720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Depth at inward elevation</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A225857ED9FCFC39E8" box="[706,871,700,720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">4.14</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A224867ED9FB0039E8" box="[961,1179,700,720]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">5.87</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347EB1FB0039D0" box="[115,1179,724,744]" gridrow="6" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A227347EB1FD9D39D0" box="[115,518,724,744]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Depth at mandibular condyle</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A225857EB1FCFC39D0" box="[706,871,724,744]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">4.25</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A224867EB1FB0039D0" box="[961,1179,724,744]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">7.72</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347E89FB003838" box="[115,1179,748,768]" gridrow="7" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A227347E89FD9D3838" box="[115,518,748,768]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Greatest anteroposterior length of condyle</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A225857E89FCFC3838" box="[706,871,748,768]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">5.27</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A224867E89FB003838" box="[961,1179,748,768]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">6.21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347F61FB003820" box="[115,1179,772,792]" gridrow="8" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A227347F61FD9D3820" box="[115,518,772,792]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Transverse width of condyle</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A225857F61FCFC3820" box="[706,871,772,792]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">3.55</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A224867F61FB003820" box="[961,1179,772,792]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">4.34</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347F78FB003809" box="[115,1179,797,817]" gridrow="9" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A227347F78FD9D3809" box="[115,518,797,817]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Depth at angular process</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A225857F78FCFC3809" box="[706,871,797,817]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">1.99</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A224867F78FB003809" box="[961,1179,797,817]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">2.68</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347F50FB003871" box="[115,1179,821,841]" gridrow="10" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A227347F50FD9D3871" box="[115,518,821,841]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Width of angular process</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A225857F50FCFC3871" box="[706,871,821,841]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A224867F50FB003871" box="[961,1179,821,841]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">6.41</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFFB79A227347F28FB003859" box="[115,1179,845,865]" gridrow="11" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFFB79A227347F28FD9D3859" box="[115,518,845,865]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Total length (curvilinear)</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A225857F28FCFC3859" box="[706,871,845,865]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFFB79A224867F28FB003859" box="[961,1179,845,865]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">128.80</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFB867627CF7F95FEAE3D1D" blockId="43.[112,648,944,1700]" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
The tympanic bullae (UCMP 219098 and 219107) of Morphotype 2 are generally similar to those of Morphotype 1, but differ in a few characteristics, including their smaller size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFB86762569782AFD193F51" box="[558,642,1103,1129]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[113,124,770,788]" captionTargetBox="[117,1205,213,733]" captionTargetId="figure-393@44.[547,1005,228,583]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 22. — Tympanic bullae of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet., morphotype 2; A, UCMP 219098, right tympanic bulla in medial view; B, UCMP 219098 in dorsal view;C, UCMP 219098 in ventral view; D, UCMP 219107,partial right tympanic bulla in medial view; E, UCMP 219107 in dorsal view; F, UCMP 219107 in ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538255/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CC59C4FFFB86762736780BFF5D3FB1" box="[113,198,1134,1161]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="21.[112,123,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="TABLE 5. — Measurements (in cm) of mysticete tympanic bullae. Abbreviations: e, denotes estimated measurement, in this case due to adhering matrix. Measurements given to nearest hundredth of a millimeter." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF313CF7FFC5864827377CBEFD6F3A3C" pageId="43" pageNumber="858" tableUuid="DF313CF7FFC5864827377CBEFD6F3A3C">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). No dorsal posterior prominence is developed. Slight transverse striations occur on the involucrum of UCMP 219098 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFB8676269478CBFDA33FF0" box="[467,568,1198,1224]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[113,124,770,788]" captionTargetBox="[117,1205,213,733]" captionTargetId="figure-393@44.[547,1005,228,583]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 22. — Tympanic bullae of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet., morphotype 2; A, UCMP 219098, right tympanic bulla in medial view; B, UCMP 219098 in dorsal view;C, UCMP 219098 in ventral view; D, UCMP 219107,partial right tympanic bulla in medial view; E, UCMP 219107 in dorsal view; F, UCMP 219107 in ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538255/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
|
||
), while more deeply incised transverse creases occur in UCMP 219107 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFB867626757888FE0E3E3F" box="[306,405,1261,1287]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[113,124,770,788]" captionTargetBox="[117,1205,213,733]" captionTargetId="figure-393@44.[547,1005,228,583]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 22. — Tympanic bullae of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet., morphotype 2; A, UCMP 219098, right tympanic bulla in medial view; B, UCMP 219098 in dorsal view;C, UCMP 219098 in ventral view; D, UCMP 219107,partial right tympanic bulla in medial view; E, UCMP 219107 in dorsal view; F, UCMP 219107 in ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538255/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Fig. 22B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ŋe involucral ridge is straight and retracted from the ventral margin (in dorsal aspect), and is roughly parallel with the main ridge. A vertical shelf or flange along the anteromedial margin is absent. Ŋe lateral surface of the outer lip is greatly inflated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFB867626A479E9FDD13E9E" box="[483,586,1420,1446]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[113,124,770,788]" captionTargetBox="[117,1205,213,733]" captionTargetId="figure-393@44.[547,1005,228,583]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 22. — Tympanic bullae of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet., morphotype 2; A, UCMP 219098, right tympanic bulla in medial view; B, UCMP 219098 in dorsal view;C, UCMP 219098 in ventral view; D, UCMP 219107,partial right tympanic bulla in medial view; E, UCMP 219107 in dorsal view; F, UCMP 219107 in ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538255/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Fig. 22C</figureCitation>
|
||
), and tympanic bullae of Morphotype 2 are relatively transversely wider than in Morphotype 1. Ŋe conical process is acutely triangular in medial aspect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFB867627837A6FFEB23D1D" box="[196,297,1546,1573]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[113,124,770,788]" captionTargetBox="[117,1205,213,733]" captionTargetId="figure-393@44.[547,1005,228,583]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 22. — Tympanic bullae of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet., morphotype 2; A, UCMP 219098, right tympanic bulla in medial view; B, UCMP 219098 in dorsal view;C, UCMP 219098 in ventral view; D, UCMP 219107,partial right tympanic bulla in medial view; E, UCMP 219107 in dorsal view; F, UCMP 219107 in ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538255/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFB867627CF7A4FFBD13F11" blockId="43.[112,648,944,1700]" lastBlockId="43.[675,1212,944,1700]" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
Ŋe isolated posterior process of the petrotympanic (UCMP 219137) is large (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CC59C4FFFB8676255B7A2FFDED3D5C" box="[540,630,1610,1636]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="43.[113,124,469,487]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="TABLE 9. — Measurements (in cm) of mandibles of Herpetocetus Van Beneden, 1872. Curvilinear measured along lateral surface of mandible. Abbreviation: (inc), incomplete measurement due to breakage. Measurements given to nearest tenth of a millimeter." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF313CF7FFFB867627367DB0FB173AC5" pageId="43" pageNumber="858" tableUuid="DF313CF7FFFB867627367DB0FB173AC5">Table 9</tableCitation>
|
||
), anteroposteriorly flattened, and slightly curved posterolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFB8676266D7AECFEE33D9B" box="[298,376,1673,1699]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="45.[113,123,759,777]" captionTargetBox="[118,632,216,721]" captionTargetId="figure-595@45.[114,645,193,548]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIG. 23.— UCMP 219137,posterior process of right petrotympanic of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet.: A, posterior process in anterolateral view; B, posterior process in ventral view; C, posterior process in posteromedial view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538257/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Fig.23</figureCitation>
|
||
). It tapers laterally to be- come bladelike, and exhibits a sharp ventral crest. Along the anterior side of this crest, a shallow facial sulcus is present. Medially, the posterior process turns anteromedially toward the neck.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFB867125FC784AFE3C3891" blockId="43.[675,1212,944,1700]" lastBlockId="44.[111,649,913,1699]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="859" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">
|
||
Ŋe mandible fragment (UCMP 219141) preserves part of the condyle, the angular process, and the ventral margin of the mandibular foramen, but lacks everything anterior to the mandibular foramen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFB8676245078CBFCF63FF0" box="[791,877,1198,1224]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="46.[677,688,940,958]" captionTargetBox="[681,1201,242,888]" captionTargetId="figure-492@46.[687,1103,238,665]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIG. 24. — UCMP 219141, posterior fragment of left mandible of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet.: A, mandible in dorsal view; B, mandible in lateral view; C, mandible in medial view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538259/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ŋe mandibular condyle is large, hemispherical, and prominent laterally. Ŋe angular process is much smaller, and in medial and lateral views is shaped as a tabular process running ventral to the condyle along the ventral margin of the mandible. A transversely oriented groove separates the mandibular condyle from the angular process; the angular process is broadly visible in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFB8676246879CEFC083EFD" box="[815,915,1451,1477]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="46.[677,688,940,958]" captionTargetBox="[681,1201,242,888]" captionTargetId="figure-492@46.[687,1103,238,665]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIG. 24. — UCMP 219141, posterior fragment of left mandible of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet.: A, mandible in dorsal view; B, mandible in lateral view; C, mandible in medial view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538259/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ŋe mandibular foramen is posterodorsally oriented, large, and transversely broad. Ŋe posteriormost section of the mandible is straight and parasagittally oriented, while anteriorly, the mandible bends strongly laterally, indicating a large degree of bowing of the horizontal ramus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFB867624017A0CFC313DBC" box="[838,938,1641,1668]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="46.[677,688,940,958]" captionTargetBox="[681,1201,242,888]" captionTargetId="figure-492@46.[687,1103,238,665]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIG. 24. — UCMP 219141, posterior fragment of left mandible of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet.: A, mandible in dorsal view; B, mandible in lateral view; C, mandible in medial view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538259/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
|
||
) as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFB867624BE7A0CFB183DBB" box="[1017,1155,1641,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFB867624BE7A0CFB183DBB" box="[1017,1155,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Balaenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFB867625927AEFFC483D9B" box="[725,979,1673,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Megaptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaeangliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFB867625927AEFFC483D9B" box="[725,979,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="858">Megaptera novaeangliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. REMARKS AND COMPARISONS
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF313CF7FFFC867127367F67FCB83879" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538255" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4538255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538255/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" startId="44.[113,124,770,788]" targetBox="[117,1205,213,733]" targetPageId="44">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFC867127367F67FCB83879" blockId="44.[113,1211,770,833]" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">
|
||
FIG. 22. — Tympanic bullae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867126337F67FE66382C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[372,509,770,788]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Balaenopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. indet., morphotype 2;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867124677F67FCB6382C" bold="true" box="[800,813,770,788]" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">A</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219098, right tympanic bulla in medial view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867127E67F7CFF353813" bold="true" box="[161,174,793,811]" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">B</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219098 in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867126F77F7CFE253813" bold="true" box="[432,446,793,811]" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">C</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219098 in ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867125827F7CFD483813" bold="true" box="[709,723,793,811]" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">D</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219107,partial right tympanic bulla in medial view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867127367F4AFFE63879" bold="true" box="[113,125,815,833]" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">E</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219107 in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867126C37F4AFE143879" bold="true" box="[388,399,815,833]" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">F</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219107 in ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFC867127367FD4FB213EFE" blockId="44.[111,649,913,1699]" lastBlockId="44.[675,1211,913,1700]" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">
|
||
Ŋese tympanic bullae (morphotypes 1 and 2) are referred to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC8671264A7FB5FE2138D2" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[269,442,976,1002]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Balaenopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on their oval outline in medial aspect, simple sub-cylindrical involucra, lack of a dorsoventrally expanded and medially flattened involucrum as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC8671254C784AFD1F3F71" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[523,644,1071,1097]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Balaenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and being dorsoventrally shallower and transversely wider than extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC86712660780BFE683FB0" baseAuthorityName="Lilljeborg" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[295,499,1134,1160]" class="Mammalia" family="Eschrichtiidae" genus="Eschrichtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC86712660780BFE683FB0" box="[295,499,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Eschrichtius robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; furthermore, their much larger size and lack of a median furrow precludes their assignment to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867126B678CBFD1D3FF0" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1872" box="[497,646,1198,1224]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cetotheriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFFC8671273C78A8FE043FD0" author="OISHI M. & HASEGAWA Y." box="[123,415,1229,1256]" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" pagination="346 - 452" refId="ref73263" refString="OISHI M. & HASEGAWA Y. 1995 b. - Diversity of Pliocene mysticetes from eastern Japan. hve Island Arc 3: 346 - 452." type="journal article" year="1995">Oishi & Hasegawa 1995b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFFC867126EA78A8FDE03FD0" author="EKDALE E. G. & BERTA A. & DEMERE T. A." box="[429,635,1229,1256]" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref68110" refString="EKDALE E. G., BERTA A. & DEMERE T. A. 2011. - Ne comparative osteology of the petrotympanic complex (ear region) of extant baleen whales (Cetacea: Mysticeti). Plos One 6 (6): 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Ekdale
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867126B878ABFDAE3FDF" box="[511,565,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Morphotype 1 tympanic bullae share in common with extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867127BE796BFEFC3E1F" box="[249,359,1294,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Megaptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867127BE796BFEFC3E1F" box="[249,359,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Megaptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a large and robust dorsal posterior prominence, a feature which is lacking in most extant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867126D77929FD833E5E" box="[400,536,1356,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867126D77929FD833E5E" box="[400,536,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Balaenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867127347909FEB53EBE" authorityName="Bisconti" authorityYear="2010" box="[115,302,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Plesiobalaenoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867127347909FEB53EBE" box="[115,302,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Plesiobalaenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867125037909FF263E9D" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867125037909FF263E9D" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Balaenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit a weakly developed dorsal posterior prominence. A slight dorsal posterior prominence occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867127A679A9FE743EDD" baseAuthorityName="Bosselaers & Post" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[225,495,1483,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Diunatans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luctoretmurgo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867127A679A9FE743EDD" box="[225,495,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Diunatans luctoretmurgo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although its bulla is substantially larger than UCMP 219478 and 219097 and differs in having a much more robust involucrum than the Purisima Formation specimens. Ŋese specimens differ in several regards from most extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC8671266F7A0CFE373DBB" box="[296,428,1641,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC8671266F7A0CFE373DBB" box="[296,428,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Balaenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., including their smaller size (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867126047AECFDCD3D9B" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[323,598,1673,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutorostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867126047AECFDCD3D9B" box="[323,598,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Balaenoptera acutorostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867125E27FF4FC3E3893" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1867" box="[677,933,913,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonaerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867125E27FF4FC3E3893" box="[677,933,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Balaenoptera bonaerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have smaller tympanic bullae). Most extant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867123747FD5FB2238F2" box="[1075,1209,944,970]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867123747FD5FB2238F2" box="[1075,1209,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Balaenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit an involucral ridge that is separated from the posterior margin (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867124A67F95FD5A3F11" authorityName="Linneaus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867124A67F95FD5A3F11" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Balaenoptera musculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC8671240B7875FBD33F11" box="[844,1096,1039,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Megaptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaeangliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC8671240B7875FBD33F11" box="[844,1096,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Megaptera novaeangliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and these Purisima specimens. In dorsal view, the anterior portion of the involucra of these specimens and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867125E2780AFCCF3FB0" box="[677,852,1134,1160]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Megaptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaeangliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867125E2780AFCCF3FB0" box="[677,852,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">M. novaeangliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are much more constricted and have a large rounded eustachian opening; the latter feature is relatively smaller in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867124A178CBFBF73FF0" box="[998,1132,1198,1224]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867124A178CBFBF73FF0" box="[998,1132,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Balaenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ŋese specimens are somewhat smaller than tympanic bullae of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC86712469788BFC413E3F" box="[814,986,1261,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Megaptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaeangliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC86712469788BFC413E3F" box="[814,986,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">M. novaeangliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and are transversely narrower with a less convex lateral surface. Due to the variability of bullar morphology in fossil and modern balaenopterids, Morphotype 1 bullae are only identified to the family level, despite similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC8671246E79E9FC0E3E9D" box="[809,917,1420,1445]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Megaptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC8671246E79E9FC0E3E9D" box="[809,917,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Megaptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is unclear whether these specimens are referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867124F379CEFB0D3EFE" authority="bertae n." authorityName="BERTAE N." box="[948,1174,1451,1478]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="850" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867124F379CEFBE73EFD" box="[948,1148,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Balaenoptera bertae</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2090D16FFFC867123C779C9FB0D3EFE" box="[1152,1174,1452,1478]" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" rank="species">n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFC867025FC79AEFBC83917" blockId="44.[675,1211,913,1700]" lastBlockId="45.[674,1212,216,1699]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="860" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">
|
||
Morphotype 2 tympanic bullae differ from those of Morphotype 1 (see above) and extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC86712317798EFB213D3C" box="[1104,1210,1515,1540]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Megaptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC86712317798EFB213D3C" box="[1104,1210,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Megaptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking a robust dorsal posterior prominence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFC867125E97A4FFD613D7C" box="[686,762,1578,1604]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="46.[677,688,940,958]" captionTargetBox="[681,1201,242,888]" captionTargetId="figure-492@46.[687,1103,238,665]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIG. 24. — UCMP 219141, posterior fragment of left mandible of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet.: A, mandible in dorsal view; B, mandible in lateral view; C, mandible in medial view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538259/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Fig.24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ŋe present specimens differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC8671233F7A4FFD6B3D5C" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC8671233F7A4FFD6B3D5C" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Balaenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867125B97A2EFCF13D5C" authorityName="Bosselaers & Post" authorityYear="2010" box="[766,874,1611,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Diunatans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867125B97A2EFCF13D5C" box="[766,874,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Diunatans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFC867124EE7A2FFBF93D5C" authorityName="Bisconti" authorityYear="2010" box="[937,1122,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Plesiobalaenoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="859" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFC867124EE7A2FFBF93D5C" box="[937,1122,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="859">Plesiobalaenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking a transversely flattened anteromedial shelf, in having a substantially more inflated lateral surface of the outer lip, a sigmoid process that is positioned further posteriorly, and their much smaller size. UCMP 219098 further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFD867026BE7FB5FF383F32" authorityName="Bisconti" authorityYear="2010" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Plesiobalaenoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD867026BE7FB5FF383F32" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">Plesiobalaenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking a distinctly convex anterior lobe in dorsal view and having a relatively larger eustachian opening; it further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFD8670268A784AFDC83F71" box="[461,595,1071,1097]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD8670268A784AFDC83F71" box="[461,595,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">Balaenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFD86702736782AFEB73F51" authorityName="Bisconti" authorityYear="2010" box="[113,300,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Plesiobalaenoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD86702736782AFEB73F51" box="[113,300,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">Plesiobalaenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a smooth main ridge not developed into a slight ventral keel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFFD86702569780BFF223F90" author="BISCONTI M." pageId="45" pageNumber="860" pagination="943 - 958" refId="ref66164" refString="BISCONTI M. 2010 a. - A new balaenopterid whale from the Late Miocene of the Stirone River, Northern Italy (Mammalia, Cetacea, Mysticeti). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30: 943 - 958." type="journal article" year="2010">Bisconti 2010a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Ŋese specimens lack the derived features of most previously described balaenopterids, and are relatively archaic in comparison to these taxa. However, they differ from all known balaenopterid and stem-balaenopteroid (= cetotheres
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD8670255D796BFDE63E1F" box="[538,637,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
) taxa in exhibiting an extremely inflated lateral surface and a posteriorly positioned sigmoid process. Additional tympanic bullae from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AA29DFFFD867026977909FDA03EBE" box="[464,571,1388,1414]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
similar to Morphotype 2 bullae include UCMP uncataloged (Field number FP 302, UCMP locality
|
||
<accessionNumber id="941DF19CFFFD8670256479CEFDE53EFD" box="[547,638,1451,1477]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V90042" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" type="EnaNcbi">V90042</accessionNumber>
|
||
) from an Upper Miocene (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD8670263979A9FE143EDD" box="[382,399,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">c.</emphasis>
|
||
5.33 Ma) locality in the Purisima Formation near Santa Cruz, and UCMP 88665 from the Upper Miocene San Luis Rey River Local Fauna of the San Mateo Formation (6-8 Ma) near Oceanside,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AA29DFFFD867026517A2FFE1B3D5C" box="[278,384,1610,1636]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
.Tympanic bullae agreeing in morphology to Morphotype 2 have occasionally been identified as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFD8670267B7AECFE3F3D9B" authority="Van Beneden, 1859" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1859" box="[316,420,1673,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Plesiocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD8670267B7AECFE3F3D9B" box="[316,420,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">Plesiocetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” Van Beneden, 1859 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFFD867025EB7CBDFCAA3BCA" author="BARNES L. G." box="[684,817,216,242]" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" pagination="321 - 343" refId="ref64210" refString="BARNES L. G. 1977. - Outline of eastern North Pacific fossil cetacean assemblages. Systematic Zoology 25: 321 - 343." type="journal article" year="1977">Barnes 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFFD8670247D7CBDFBDD3BCB" author="OISHI M. & HASEGAWA Y." box="[826,1094,216,243]" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" pagination="493 - 505" refId="ref73235" refString="OISHI M. & HASEGAWA Y. 1995 a. - A list of fossil cetaceans in Japan. hve Island Arc 3: 493 - 505." type="journal article" year="1995">Oishi & Hasegawa 1995a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, as detailed by Deméré
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD867024E47C9DFC473A29" box="[931,988,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005), the generic taxon “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFD867025B57D72FCC13A09" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1859" box="[754,858,279,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Plesiocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD867025B57D72FCC13A09" box="[754,858,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">Plesiocetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” has been applied incorrectly to a large number of different taxa, to the point where the application of this taxon has been inconsistent and confusing. Because of confusion surrounding the taxon “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFD8670245B7DF3FC1F3A88" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1859" box="[796,900,406,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Plesiocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD8670245B7DF3FC1F3A88" box="[796,900,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">Plesiocetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (Deméré
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD867024BD7DF2FBB03A88" box="[1018,1067,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFFD867023317DF3FCF93AE8" author="BOSSELAERS M. & POST K." pageId="45" pageNumber="860" pagination="331 - 363" refId="ref66734" refString="BOSSELAERS M. & POST K. 2010. - A new fossil rorqual (Mammalia, Cetacea, Balaenopteridae) from the Early Pliocene of the North Sea, with a review of the rorqual species described by Owen and Van Beneden. Geodiversitas 32: 331 - 363. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 2 a 6" type="journal article" year="2010">Bosselaers & Post 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), future identifications should be avoided and Morphotype 2 bullae are only identified to the family level herein.It is unclear whether these specimens are referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFD867024FF7E70FB883917" authority="Boessenecker, 2013" authorityName="Boessenecker" authorityYear="2013" box="[952,1043,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bertae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD867024FF7E70FB883917" box="[952,1043,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">B. bertae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2090D16FFFD8670235E7E70FBC83917" box="[1049,1107,533,559]" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFD867025FC7E50FC0F3F11" blockId="45.[674,1212,216,1699]" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">
|
||
Ŋe posterior process of a petrotympanic (UCMP 219137) shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFD867024C07E31FBAF3956" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[903,1076,596,622]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Balaenopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
an elongate and strap-like posterior process with parallel dorsal and ventral margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFFD867024CE7EF6FC403995" box="[905,987,659,685]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="45.[113,123,759,777]" captionTargetBox="[118,632,216,721]" captionTargetId="figure-595@45.[114,645,193,548]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIG. 23.— UCMP 219137,posterior process of right petrotympanic of Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet.: A, posterior process in anterolateral view; B, posterior process in ventral view; C, posterior process in posteromedial view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538257/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). It differs from herpetocetine mysticetes in being more elongate and larger in size and lacking a plug-like morphology with a flattened distal apex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFFD8670249F7E97FD7A3814" author="WHITMORE F. C. & BARNES L. G." pageId="45" pageNumber="860" pagination="141 - 180" refId="ref76452" refString="WHITMORE F. C. & BARNES L. G. 2008. - Ne Herpetocetinae, a new subfamily of extinct baleen whales (Mammalia, Cetacea, Cetotheriidae). Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 14: 141 - 180." type="journal article" year="2008">Whitmore & Barnes 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFD867024D47F77FB953814" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[915,1038,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Eschrichtiidae" genus="Eschrichtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD867024D47F77FB953814" box="[915,1038,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">Eschrichtius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being longer and lacking a ventrally expanded crest, and is precluded from assignment to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFD867024BA7F34FBEA3853" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1021,1137,849,875]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Balaenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being anteroposteriorly flattened, distally tapering in ventral view, and lacking a broad and well defined sulcus for the facial nerve. UCMP 219137 differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFD867025A57FB4FCDA38D2" authority="Boessenecker, 2013" authorityName="Boessenecker" authorityYear="2013" box="[738,833,976,1002]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bertae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD867025A57FB4FCDA38D2" box="[738,833,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">B. bertae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2090D16FFFD8670240D7FB4FC1C38D3" box="[842,903,977,1003]" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
its much larger size, and in lacking a slightly inflated distal apex that is not tapered and bladelike.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF313CF7FFFD867027367E92FD9A3875" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538257" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4538257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538257/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" startId="45.[113,123,759,777]" targetBox="[118,632,216,721]" targetPageId="45">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFD867027367E92FD9A3875" blockId="45.[113,647,759,845]" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">
|
||
FIG. 23.— UCMP 219137,posterior process of right petrotympanic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFD867027C17F6BFE943818" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[134,271,782,800]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Balaenopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. indet.:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD867026ED7F6BFE2C3818" bold="true" box="[426,439,782,800]" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">A</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior process in anterolateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD867027BF7F41FE9E380E" bold="true" box="[248,261,804,822]" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">B</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior process in ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD867025637F41FDA9380E" bold="true" box="[548,562,804,822]" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">C</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior process in posteromedial view. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFFD867025FC784AFC3C3D9B" blockId="45.[674,1212,216,1699]" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">
|
||
Ŋe mandible fragment (UCMP 219141) is also not identifiable beyond the family level because of its incompleteness. It exhibits two balaenopterid features. Ŋe first feature, a concave lateral margin of the posterior part of the mandible, results from the sigmoid curvature of the mandible; and the posterior ⅓ of the mandible in balaenopterids is medially bowed (while the anterior ½ is laterally bowed). Ŋe second feature is a robust angular process that is visible laterally, but does not extend posteriorly to the mandibular condyle; the angular process is not developed in balaenids, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFD8670258379CEFCDB3EFD" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[708,832,1451,1477]" class="Mammalia" family="Eschrichtiidae" genus="Eschrichtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD8670258379CEFCDB3EFD" box="[708,832,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">Eschrichtius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is indistinct and not separated from the condyle by a crease as in UCMP 219141 and all balaenopterids. Based on its size, it can be eliminated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFD8670241D7A6EFC2C3D1C" authority="Boessenecker, 2013" authorityName="Boessenecker" authorityYear="2013" box="[858,951,1546,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bertae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD8670241D7A6EFC2C3D1C" box="[858,951,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">B. bertae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2090D16FFFD867024F97A6EFC613D1D" box="[958,1018,1547,1573]" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, which is perhaps one-half the size of UCMP 219141. It is possible that it may belong to cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFFD867024F67A2FFBAC3D5C" box="[945,1079,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="860" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD867024F67A2FFBAC3D5C" box="[945,1079,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">Balaenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, “
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD867023177A2FFBF33D5B" box="[1104,1128,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">B.</emphasis>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD8670233D7A2FFB223D5B" box="[1146,1209,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">cortesi</emphasis>
|
||
“var.”
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFFD867025A37A0FFCBE3DBB" box="[740,805,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="860">portisi</emphasis>
|
||
, but is too incomplete to be identified beyond the family level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |