554 lines
104 KiB
XML
554 lines
104 KiB
XML
<document id="9CB69AA8CA705A39539D766D3A7BED90" ID-CLB-Dataset="5610" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3794.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3650d36-0d30-4c34-9c31-68a01e39c701" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4914995" ID-ZooBank="844C9EF5-3A66-4F3D-B4FC-DD8081F21FEA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623196485461" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Shi, Qinqin, He, Wen & Chen, Shanqin" docDate="2014" docId="593887E9424FFC0FFF64E15E9EF0FB77" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03794p513.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3794 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Shaanxispira linxiaensis Shi & He & Chen 2014, nov. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="507" masterDocId="A501FF91424DFC09FFF3E42D9D6FFF9F" masterDocTitle="A new species of Shaanxispira (Bovidae, Artiodactyla) from the upper Miocene of China" masterLastPageNumber="513" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="503" updateTime="1699006147576" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="73F96216B3FFFBB73CD2A0E139D72A54" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="71256B596CBC5B80500BF1C5313CBB55">
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<mods:title id="8C1BBC73F20ED20B60B239F04A033400">A new species of Shaanxispira (Bovidae, Artiodactyla) from the upper Miocene of China</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5428EDFDE0995D9176A13B95238E414B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="425848625D02146D9FCC68DD14C2E258">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4E13881CFD7513F4982FDF0780B0D7F1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D3D53B128129ACE556DFDE6324F4F28C">Shi, Qinqin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="06C8611A849F9C513B97C7556450E8B8">Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B55677EAA2D56805DB7CC6ABA523EC33" type="email">shiqinqin@ivpp.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="5FF220EE9CAF05C5D6EF860958CE0814" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="692F76A34ABC525F817C0B2AFEC24291">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4CB33B1505493693BB7029539B03107C">He, Wen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E15D75F6DDE11E70521B02CDF82A27FA">Hezheng Paleozoological Museum, Hezheng, Gansu 731200, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9800D04425360F5A631FEF8A17D99998">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="52DA939EAF6B256214ACA552780CBFB3">Chen, Shanqin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="09A1164E915780972EA2A3E8F4913FF9">Hezheng Paleozoological Museum, Hezheng, Gansu 731200, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5F20F3808A70C245166FFE3503BE5E13">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E5B165297EE3DB5A5C905AD16371D2A7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CF01589DCF2AA79B4617049D6DFD6451">
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<mods:date id="C475E21C3721F990CB67389F4A39808B">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CB3C95585134B63EF46A332ADC00F12C">2014-05-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F4699CF7331E6A649A952BF2659ADD36">3794</mods:number>
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<treatment id="593887E9424FFC0FFF64E15E9EF0FB77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5082771" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183403727" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5082771" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:593887E9424FFC0FFF64E15E9EF0FB77" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/593887E9424FFC0FFF64E15E9EF0FB77" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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<subSubSection id="998B6574424FFC0BFF64E15E9F48FA11" box="[151,551,1395,1422]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D12E36FF424FFC0BFF64E15E9F48FA11" blockId="2.[151,551,1395,1455]" box="[151,551,1395,1422]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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<heading id="8A668193424FFC0BFF64E15E9F48FA11" bold="true" box="[151,551,1395,1422]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E3E5EAED424FFC0BFF64E15E9F48FA11" bold="true" box="[151,551,1395,1422]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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<taxonomicName id="16914D7C424FFC0BFF64E15E9CAEFA12" authority="Shi & He & Chen, 2014" authorityName="Shi & He & Chen" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,449,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Shaanxispira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="linxiaensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E3E5EAED424FFC0BFF64E15E9CAEFA12" bold="true" box="[151,449,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Shaanxispira linxiaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F8D65796424FFC0BFE3AE1599F48FA11" box="[457,551,1396,1422]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="998B6574424FFC0BFF64E1BB9CF5FA30" box="[151,410,1430,1455]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D12E36FF424FFC0BFF64E1BB9CF5FA30" blockId="2.[151,551,1395,1455]" box="[151,410,1430,1455]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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(
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<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424FFC0BFF6CE1BB9C64FA30" box="[159,267,1430,1455]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox-0="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetBox-1="[198,1375,206,950]" captionTargetId-0="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetId-1="figure-536@4.[188,1398,193,967]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. The skull and dentition of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) ventral view of the skull, (B) sketch of the right dentition; the scale bar is for A. Abbreviations: Bo, basioccipital; Bs, Basisphenoid; EmF, ethmoidal foramen; FV, foramen ovale; PF, palatine foramen; PhT, pharyngeal tuberosity; Pl, palatine; PostT, posterior tuberosity; Pt, pterygoid; PtC, pterygoid crest; SPP, pterygoid process of sphenoid; TC, temporal condyle. Other abbreviations are defined in figure 3." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915005" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4915005/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="9C130344424FFC0BFEE4E1BB9CFEFA30" box="[279,401,1430,1455]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStart-2="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="5.[151,239,296,319]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,239,1254,1277]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,239,1740,1763]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) and comparison of the skulls of Shaanxispira." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Measurements (mm) and comparison of the horn-cores of Shaanxispira." captionText-2="TABLE 3. Dental measurements (mm) of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. n. (HMV 1922)" httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/85EE66774248FC0CFF64E5059EB1FEA0" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/85EE66774248FC0CFF64E0CB997DFB62" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/85EE66774248FC0CFF64E2E19959F97C" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" tableUuid-0="85EE66774248FC0CFF64E5059EB1FEA0" tableUuid-1="85EE66774248FC0CFF64E0CB997DFB62" tableUuid-2="85EE66774248FC0CFF64E2E19959F97C">Tables 1–3</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="998B6574424FFC0BFF64E1F39969FA68" box="[151,1030,1502,1527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D12E36FF424FFC0BFF64E1F39969FA68" blockId="2.[151,1437,1502,2031]" box="[151,1030,1502,1527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED424FFC0BFF64E1F39C64FA68" bold="true" box="[151,267,1502,1527]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" reason="1">
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<typeStatus id="0E2A885D424FFC0BFF64E1F39C69FA68" box="[151,262,1502,1527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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HMV 1922 (
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<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424FFC0BFE52E1F39F60FA68" box="[417,527,1502,1527]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox-0="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetBox-1="[198,1375,206,950]" captionTargetId-0="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetId-1="figure-536@4.[188,1398,193,967]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. The skull and dentition of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) ventral view of the skull, (B) sketch of the right dentition; the scale bar is for A. Abbreviations: Bo, basioccipital; Bs, Basisphenoid; EmF, ethmoidal foramen; FV, foramen ovale; PF, palatine foramen; PhT, pharyngeal tuberosity; Pl, palatine; PostT, posterior tuberosity; Pt, pterygoid; PtC, pterygoid crest; SPP, pterygoid process of sphenoid; TC, temporal condyle. Other abbreviations are defined in figure 3." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915005" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4915005/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
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). An almost complete and undeformed skull.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="998B6574424FFC0BFF34E22F9ED9F9FC" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="D12E36FF424FFC0BFF34E22F99EDF984" blockId="2.[151,1437,1502,2031]" box="[199,1154,1538,1563]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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<emphasis id="E3E5EAED424FFC0BFF34E22F9C21F984" bold="true" box="[199,334,1538,1563]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The species name comes from the locality of the
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<typeStatus id="0E2A885D424FFC0BFC89E22F9EB0F984" box="[890,991,1538,1563]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, Linxia Basin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D12E36FF424FFC0BFF34E20B9ED9F9FC" blockId="2.[151,1437,1502,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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<emphasis id="E3E5EAED424FFC0BFF34E20B9C8EF9A0" bold="true" box="[199,481,1574,1599]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" reason="1">Geological distribution.</emphasis>
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Lower part of the upper Miocene, Liushu Formation, Linxia Basin,
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<collectingRegion id="1355F81D424FFC0BFB10E20B98F6F9A0" box="[1251,1433,1574,1599]" country="China" name="Gansu" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Gansu Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="A986766F424FFC0BFF64E2679DB1F9FC" box="[151,222,1610,1635]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">China</collectingCountry>
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. The age of the associated fauna is equivalent to European MN9.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="998B6574424FFC0BFF34E2439995F8C0" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D12E36FF424FFC0BFF34E2439995F8C0" blockId="2.[151,1437,1502,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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<emphasis id="E3E5EAED424FFC0BFF34E2439C2EF918" bold="true" box="[199,321,1646,1671]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Horn-core with only one keel. Antero-medial keel large and wing-shaped, extending anteriorly intensively at the base and protruding above the frontal. Cross section of the horn base sickle-shaped. Horn-core inserted uprightly and caudally. Parietal slightly inclined in side view. Braincase short and broad. Paroccipital process strong. Depression medial to paroccipital process shallow, but without accessory articular surface. Supraorbital foramen small, facing mostly forwards, with distinct supraorbital groove extending to lachrymal. Preorbital fossa wide and shallow. Infra-orbital foramen above P3. Nasals domed. Muzzle low and narrow. Teeth mesodont, without strong ribs or styles. Premolar row much shortened. Basal pillars absent or weak.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="998B6574424FFC0FFF34E3479EF0FB77" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D12E36FF424FFC0BFF34E3479C8BF870" blockId="2.[151,1437,1502,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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<emphasis id="E3E5EAED424FFC0BFF34E3479C37F81D" box="[199,344,1898,1923]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E3E5EAED424FFC0BFF34E3479C3EF81C" bold="true" box="[199,337,1898,1923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Description</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The skull, HMV 1922, is nearly complete, with a well-preserved right horn-core. The tips of the horn-cores are broken, but skillfully restored with plaster. The tip of muzzle is missing. The right maxilla and left squamosal are slightly damaged. The tooth row is well preserved apart from the left P2 that is missing. The skull belongs to an adult specimen.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="85EE6677424EFC0AFF64E186986EF9E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" startId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" targetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="D12E36FF424EFC0AFF64E186981CFA7F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1451,1657]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
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<emphasis id="E3E5EAED424EFC0AFF64E1869C79FA5F" bold="true" box="[151,278,1451,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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Holotype skull of
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<taxonomicName id="16914D7C424EFC0AFE17E1869F8EFA5E" authority="Shi & He & Chen, 2014" authorityName="Shi & He & Chen" authorityYear="2014" box="[484,737,1451,1473]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Shaanxispira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="linxiaensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E3E5EAED424EFC0AFE17E1869F8EFA5E" box="[484,737,1451,1473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Shaanxispira linxiaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED424EFC0AFD19E1869E50FA5F" bold="true" box="[746,831,1451,1472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F8D65796424EFC0AFD19E1869E50FA5F" box="[746,831,1451,1472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF424EFC0AFF64E1C5986EF9E6" blockId="3.[151,1436,1451,1657]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF424EFC0AFF34E28D9825F846" blockId="3.[151,1436,1696,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
The muzzle is relatively low, with the nasal aperture being about as broad as high. The nasal is narrow and domed, and slightly widens caudally. The caudal end of the nasal is pointed, extending behind the level of the anterior rim of the orbit (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424EFC0AFE33E2C59F2BF89E" box="[448,580,1768,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Fig. 3A, N</figureCitation>
|
||
). The naso-incisival notch is anterior to the level of P3. The infra-orbital foramen opens near the tooth row, at the level of P3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424EFC0AFCF7E3219E31F8BA" box="[772,862,1804,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
, Iof). The facial tuberosity is caudally positioned, close to the maxillo-jugal suture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424EFC0AFDE8E31D9F1AF8D6" box="[539,629,1840,1865]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
, FT). There is no facial crest. The facial part of the jugal is large and bilobed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424EFC0AFF09E3799C1EF8F2" box="[250,369,1876,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Fig. 3B, Z</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lachrymal is small, quadrangular, long and low (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424EFC0AFC21E3799925F8F2" box="[978,1098,1876,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Fig. 3B, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pre-orbital fossa is wide and shallow, without clear margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424EFC0AFDDAE3559FEEF80E" box="[553,641,1912,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
, PreoF). The maxillae close to the ethmoidal fissure are broken on both sides. However, the ethmoidal fissure is probably present because the nasal and lachrymal bones remain wide apart, and their margins are smooth, but size and shape of the ethmoidal fissure are uncertain (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424EFC0AFB46E3ED9862F846" box="[1205,1293,1984,2009]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
, EF).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="85EE66774249FC0DFF64E7F09EF0FBF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915005" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4915005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915005/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" startId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" targetBox="[198,1375,206,950]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF4249FC0DFF64E7F09F21FB8E" blockId="4.[151,1437,989,1133]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4249FC0DFF64E7F09C7DFC6D" bold="true" box="[151,274,989,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
The skull and dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16914D7C4249FC0DFDD0E7F09E75FC6C" authority="Shi & He & Chen, 2014" authorityName="Shi & He & Chen" authorityYear="2014" box="[547,794,989,1011]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Shaanxispira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="linxiaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4249FC0DFDD0E7F09E75FC6C" box="[547,794,989,1011]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Shaanxispira linxiaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4249FC0DFCD2E7F09E1EFC6D" bold="true" box="[801,881,989,1010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F8D657964249FC0DFCD2E7F09E1EFC6D" box="[801,881,989,1010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(HMV 1922): (A) ventral view of the skull, (B) sketch of the right dentition; the scale bar is for A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF4249FC0DFF64E0379EF0FBF2" blockId="4.[151,1437,989,1133]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Abbreviations: Bo, basioccipital; Bs, Basisphenoid; EmF, ethmoidal foramen; FV, foramen ovale; PF, palatine foramen; PhT, pharyngeal tuberosity; Pl, palatine; PostT, posterior tuberosity; Pt, pterygoid; PtC, pterygoid crest; SPP, pterygoid process of sphenoid; TC, temporal condyle. Other abbreviations are defined in figure 3.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF4249FC0DFF34E0B99F13F989" blockId="4.[151,1437,1172,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
|
||
The frontal is wide and flat in front of the horn-core, rising slightly above the orbit, and declining at the horncore. The bending of the frontal is weak (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A4249FC0DFD98E0949FACFB4D" box="[619,707,1209,1234]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
, dashed lines). The mid-frontal suture is somewhat complex and elevated as a sagittal ridge before the horn bases, whereas between the horn-cores, the suture is flat, but more complex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A4249FC0DFEFFE12C9CE0FA85" box="[268,399,1281,1306]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Fig. 3A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fronto-parietal suture points forwards in the centre, with the midpoint positioned between the horn-cores. The supra-orbital foramen is small, deeply sunken into the frontal, and facing mostly forwards, making the opening nearly round in anterior view, but tear-shaped in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A4249FC0DFB32E1649874FAFD" box="[1217,1307,1353,1378]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
, SoF). The internal opening of the supra-orbital foramen faces mostly downwards, and is more caudal than its external opening. The supra-orbital groove is long and distinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A4249FC0DFCF4E1BC9E30FA35" box="[775,863,1425,1450]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
, SoG). There is no post-cornual fossa. The orbit is large with wide orbital rims; its dorsal border is lower than the frontal surface; its anterior border is posterior to the back of M3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A4249FC0DFEDEE1F49CE9FA6D" box="[301,390,1497,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lachrymal foramen is large, and is partitioned into two foramina by a thin bone layer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A4249FC0DFF6CE1D09D99F989" box="[159,246,1533,1558]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
, LF). The zygomatic arch is weak.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF4249FC0DFF34E20C9ED5F8E1" blockId="4.[151,1437,1172,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
|
||
The horn-core is straight, homonymously twisted, making a little more than one whorl, and diverging at an angle of about 35˚ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A4249FC0DFE7CE2689C81F9C1" box="[399,494,1605,1630]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view, the horn-core is inserted far behind the orbit and is almost perpendicular to the dorsal border of the cranium, and only slightly inclined backwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A4249FC0DFB8BE24499BFF91D" box="[1144,1232,1641,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
, HC). The anteromedial keel is large and wide, protruding like a wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A4249FC0DFCF2E2A09EEFF939" box="[769,896,1677,1702]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Fig. 3A, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). The keel twists homonymously, following the twist of the horn-core. At its base, the keel occupies an antero-medial position on the horn-core, extending anteriorly to the level of the posterior rim of the orbit, and being strongly prominent above the frontal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A4249FC0DFAE6E2F898FFF971" box="[1301,1424,1749,1774]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Fig. 3B, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). As the keel ascends from the base to the tip, the size decreases gradually. In the basal part, the keel has a thickened margin (approximately
|
||
<quantity id="16699B1A4249FC0DFE56E3309CB0F8AB" box="[421,479,1821,1846]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide at the base, and becomes thinner upwards) with porous surface, whereas the surface of the horn-core is covered by many small longitudinal grooves. The cross section of the horn base is sickle-shaped because of the prominent keel. There is no posterior keel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF4249FC0CFF34E3A49F4EFF67" blockId="4.[151,1437,1172,2026]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,248]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="506" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
|
||
The braincase is short and wide, with parallel lateral sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A4249FC0DFC86E3A49EA0F83D" box="[885,975,1929,1954]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lateral part of the parietal is long, separating the frontal from the squamosal. The temporal lines are wide apart (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A4249FC0DFC04E3809922F859" box="[1015,1101,1965,1990]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
, TL). The occipital is low and broad. The angle between the parietal and occipital planes is about 120˚ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A4249FC0DFC39E3FC994DF875" box="[970,1058,2001,2026]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The nuchal crest is thick, with a coarse and large external occipital protuberance below (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A4248FC0CFCFFE4BA9E0BFF2F" box="[780,868,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
, NC). The mastoid exposure is long and broad; its dorsal part faces caudally and the ventral part faces laterally. The mastoid exposure is separated from the parietal by the squamosal and the occipital.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="85EE66774248FC0CFF64E5059EB1FEA0" ID-Table-UUID="85EE66774248FC0CFF64E5059EB1FEA0" box="[151,990,295,319]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85EE66774248FC0CFF64E5059EB1FEA0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" startId="5.[151,239,296,319]" targetBox="[159,1403,346,1147]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF4248FC0CFF64E5059EB1FEA0" blockId="5.[151,990,295,319]" box="[151,990,295,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4248FC0CFF64E5059C65FEA0" bold="true" box="[151,266,296,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (mm) and comparison of the skulls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16914D7C4248FC0CFCB8E50A9EB4FEA0" authorityName="Liu, Li, and Zhai" authorityYear="1978" box="[843,987,295,319]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Shaanxispira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Shaanxispira</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF4248FC0CFD4EE577987EFBC3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<table id="A391C45F424803F6FF6CE5779814FBE4" box="[159,1403,346,1147]" gridcols="5" gridrows="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE5779814FEEC" box="[159,1403,346,371]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE5779EEDFEEC" box="[701,898,346,371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16914D7C4248FC0CFD4EE5779E2CFEEF" authority="Shi & He & Chen, 2014" authorityName="Shi & He & Chen" authorityYear="2014" box="[701,835,346,368]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Shaanxispira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="linxiaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4248FC0CFD4EE5779E2CFEEF" box="[701,835,346,368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">S. linxiaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4248FC0CFCBAE5769EEDFEEF" bold="true" box="[841,898,347,368]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F8D657964248FC0CFCBAE5769EEDFEEF" box="[841,898,347,368]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FC61E5779974FEEC" box="[914,1051,346,371]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16914D7C4248FC0CFC61E5779E87FEEF" authorityName="Liu, Li, and Zhai" authorityYear="1978" box="[914,1000,346,368]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Shaanxispira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chowi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4248FC0CFC61E5779E87FEEF" box="[914,1000,346,368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">S. chowi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FBC2E57799A9FEEC" box="[1073,1222,346,371]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16914D7C4248FC0CFBC2E57099C1FEEC" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="2003" box="[1073,1198,349,371]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Shaanxispira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baheensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4248FC0CFBC2E57099C1FEEC" box="[1073,1198,349,371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">S. baheensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4248FC0CFB5DE57799DAFEF9" box="[1198,1205,346,358]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">a</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE5AB9814FE03" box="[159,1403,390,412]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE5AB9EEDFE03" box="[701,898,390,412]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">HMV 1922</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FC61E5AB9974FE03" box="[914,1051,390,412]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">IVPP V 3124</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBC2E5AB99A9FE03" box="[1073,1222,390,412]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
IVPP
|
||
<accessionNumber id="CEC2AB1C4248FC0CFB9DE5AA99A9FE03" box="[1134,1222,390,412]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V13626" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" type="EnaNcbi">V 13626</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB16E5AB9814FE03" box="[1253,1403,390,412]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
IVPP
|
||
<accessionNumber id="CEC2AB1C4248FC0CFAD0E5AA9814FE03" box="[1315,1403,390,412]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V13635" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" type="EnaNcbi">V 13635</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE5829814FE5A" box="[159,1403,431,453]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE5829FC7FE5A" box="[159,680,431,453]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Width across the horn bases (lateral edges)</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE5829EEDFE5A" box="[701,898,431,453]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">141.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FC61E5829974FE5A" box="[914,1051,431,453]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">131</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBC2E58299A9FE5A" box="[1073,1222,431,453]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">139.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE5F49814FE70" box="[159,1403,473,495]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE5F49FC7FE70" box="[159,680,473,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Minimum distance between the horn bases</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE5F49EEDFE70" box="[701,898,473,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">26</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FC61E5F49974FE70" box="[914,1051,473,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">37</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE62F9814FD87" box="[159,1403,514,536]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE62F9FC7FD87" box="[159,680,514,536]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Skull length from P2 to posterior edge of condyle</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE62F9EEDFD87" box="[701,898,514,536]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">249.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE6019814FDDD" box="[159,1403,556,578]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE6019FC7FDDD" box="[159,680,556,578]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Skull length from P3 to posterior edge of condyle</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE6019EEDFDDD" box="[701,898,556,578]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">240.8</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBC2E60199A9FDDD" box="[1073,1222,556,578]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">250</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE6789814FDF4" box="[159,1403,597,619]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE6789FC7FDF4" box="[159,680,597,619]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Skull width across the orbit (posterior edges)</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE6789EEDFDF4" box="[701,898,597,619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">155</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBC2E67899A9FDF4" box="[1073,1222,597,619]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">154</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE6539814FD0B" box="[159,1403,638,660]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE6539FC7FD0B" box="[159,680,638,660]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Skull width across the zygomatic</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE6539EEDFD0B" box="[701,898,638,660]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">132</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBC2E65399A9FD0B" box="[1073,1222,638,660]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">128</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB16E6539814FD0B" box="[1253,1403,638,660]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">129</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE68A9814FD22" box="[159,1403,679,701]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE68A9FC7FD22" box="[159,680,679,701]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Width of braincase</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE68A9EEDFD22" box="[701,898,679,701]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">91</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBC2E68A99A9FD22" box="[1073,1222,679,701]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">80</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB16E68A9814FD22" box="[1253,1403,679,701]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">81.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE6FC9814FC9A" box="[159,1403,721,773]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE6FC9FC7FC9A" box="[159,680,721,773]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Distance from the posterior edge of the horn base to the occipital surface</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE6FC9EEDFC9A" box="[701,898,721,773]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">59.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBC2E6FC99A9FC9A" box="[1073,1222,721,773]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">53</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB16E6FC9814FC9A" box="[1253,1403,721,773]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">54</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE7349814FCAE" box="[159,1403,793,817]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE7349FC7FCAE" box="[159,680,793,817]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Maximum width of occipital surface</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE7349EEDFCAE" box="[701,898,793,817]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">106b</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBC2E73499A9FCAE" box="[1073,1222,793,817]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">99</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB16E7349814FCAE" box="[1253,1403,793,817]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">104</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE7689814FCC4" box="[159,1403,837,859]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE7689FC7FCC4" box="[159,680,837,859]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Maximum height of occipital surface</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE7689EEDFCC4" box="[701,898,837,859]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">73</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBC2E76899A9FCC4" box="[1073,1222,837,859]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">75.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB16E7689814FCC4" box="[1253,1403,837,859]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">88.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE7439814FC3C" box="[159,1403,878,931]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE7439FC7FC3C" box="[159,680,878,931]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Distance between the supraorbital foramina (lateral edges)</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE7439EEDFC3C" box="[701,898,878,931]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">57.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBC2E74399A9FC3C" box="[1073,1222,878,931]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">53</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB16E7439814FC3C" box="[1253,1403,878,931]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">54</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE79B9814FC74" box="[159,1403,950,1003]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE79B9FC7FC74" box="[159,680,950,1003]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Width of basioccipital across the posterior tuberosities</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE79B9EEDFC74" box="[701,898,950,1003]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">34</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBC2E79B99A9FC74" box="[1073,1222,950,1003]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">35.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB16E79B9814FC74" box="[1253,1403,950,1003]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">31</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE7D39814FBAC" box="[159,1403,1022,1075]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE7D39FC7FBAC" box="[159,680,1022,1075]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Width of basioccipital across the pharyngeal tuberosities</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE7D39EEDFBAC" box="[701,898,1022,1075]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">28.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBC2E7D399A9FBAC" box="[1073,1222,1022,1075]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">23.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB16E7D39814FBAC" box="[1253,1403,1022,1075]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">25.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE06B9814FBE4" box="[159,1403,1094,1147]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE06B9FC7FBE4" box="[159,680,1094,1147]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Distance between the posterior tuberosities and pharyngeal tuberosities</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD4EE06B9EEDFBE4" box="[701,898,1094,1147]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">32</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBC2E06B99A9FBE4" box="[1073,1222,1094,1147]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">21.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB16E06B9814FBE4" box="[1253,1403,1094,1147]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">24.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF4248FC0CFF64E0B69EFFFB29" blockId="5.[151,912,1179,1207]" box="[151,912,1179,1207]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<superScript id="26E49BB74248FC0CFF64E0B69DF1FB36" attach="left" box="[151,158,1179,1193]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">a</superScript>
|
||
Measurements taken from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B5004B0E4248FC0CFE23E0B39F03FB28" author="Zhang, Z. Q." box="[464,620,1182,1207]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" pagination="230 - 239" refId="ref8834" refString="Zhang, Z. Q. (2003) A new species of Shaanxispira (Bovidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Bahe Formation, Lantian, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 41, 230 - 239." type="journal article" year="2003">Zhang (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="26E49BB74248FC0CFD8BE0B69FEFFB36" attach="right" box="[632,640,1179,1193]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">b</superScript>
|
||
Estimated measurement
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="85EE66774248FC0CFF64E0CB997DFB62" ID-Table-UUID="85EE66774248FC0CFF64E0CB997DFB62" box="[151,1042,1253,1277]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85EE66774248FC0CFF64E0CB997DFB62" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" startId="5.[151,239,1254,1277]" targetBox="[159,1368,1305,1572]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF4248FC0CFF64E0CB997DFB62" blockId="5.[151,1042,1253,1277]" box="[151,1042,1253,1277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4248FC0CFF64E0CB9C66FB62" bold="true" box="[151,265,1254,1277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (mm) and comparison of the horn-cores of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16914D7C4248FC0CFC8DE0C89961FB62" authorityName="Liu, Li, and Zhai" authorityYear="1978" box="[894,1038,1253,1277]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Shaanxispira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Shaanxispira</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF4248FC0CFD46E1349FB4F9BB" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<table id="A391C45F424803F6FF6CE1349837F9BB" box="[159,1368,1305,1572]" gridcols="7" gridrows="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE1349837FAAD" box="[159,1368,1305,1330]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FD46E1349E15FAAD" box="[693,890,1305,1330]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16914D7C4248FC0CFD46E1349E55FAB0" authority="Shi & He & Chen, 2014" authorityName="Shi & He & Chen" authorityYear="2014" box="[693,826,1305,1327]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Shaanxispira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="linxiaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4248FC0CFD46E1349E55FAB0" box="[693,826,1305,1327]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">S. linxiaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4248FC0CFCB2E1349E15FAB1" bold="true" box="[833,890,1305,1326]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F8D657964248FC0CFCB2E1349E15FAB1" box="[833,890,1305,1326]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FC4FE134993FFAAD" box="[956,1104,1305,1330]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16914D7C4248FC0CFC4FE134997DFAB0" authorityName="Liu, Li, and Zhai" authorityYear="1978" box="[956,1042,1305,1327]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Shaanxispira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chowi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4248FC0CFC4FE134997DFAB0" box="[956,1042,1305,1327]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">S. chowi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FB41E1349837FAAD" box="[1202,1368,1305,1330]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16914D7C4248FC0CFB41E1319840FAAD" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="2003" box="[1202,1327,1308,1330]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Shaanxispira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baheensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4248FC0CFB41E1319840FAAD" box="[1202,1327,1308,1330]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">S. baheensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4248FC0CFADCE1349859FABA" bold="true" box="[1327,1334,1305,1317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">a</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE11A9837FACF" box="[159,1368,1335,1360]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD46E11A9E15FACF" box="[693,890,1335,1360]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">HMV 1922</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FC4FE11A993FFACF" box="[956,1104,1335,1360]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">IVPP V 3124</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB41E11A986EFACF" box="[1202,1281,1335,1360]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">average</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE1499837FAE6" box="[159,1368,1380,1401]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD46E1499F8EFAE6" box="[693,737,1380,1401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">L</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FCCAE1499E15FAE6" box="[825,890,1380,1401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">R</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FC4FE1499EB9FAE6" box="[956,982,1380,1401]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">L</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBD7E149993FFAE6" box="[1060,1104,1380,1401]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">R</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB41E149986EFAE6" box="[1202,1281,1380,1401]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">L</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FADFE1499837FAE6" box="[1324,1368,1380,1401]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">R</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE1A19837FA3A" box="[159,1368,1420,1445]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE1A19FFEFA3A" box="[159,657,1420,1445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Antero-posterior diameter b</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD46E1A19F8EFA3A" box="[693,737,1420,1445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">77.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FCCAE1A19E15FA3A" box="[825,890,1420,1445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">72.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FC4FE1A19EB9FA3A" box="[956,982,1420,1445]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">57</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBD7E1A1993FFA3A" box="[1060,1104,1420,1445]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">59</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB41E1A1986EFA3A" box="[1202,1281,1420,1445]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">47.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FADFE1A19837FA3A" box="[1324,1368,1420,1445]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">46.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE1959837FA4E" box="[159,1368,1464,1489]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE1959FFEFA4E" box="[159,657,1464,1489]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Transverse diameter c</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD46E1959F8EFA4E" box="[693,737,1464,1489]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">55.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FCCAE1959E15FA4E" box="[825,890,1464,1489]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">49.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FC4FE1959EB9FA4E" box="[956,982,1464,1489]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">42</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBD7E195993FFA4E" box="[1060,1104,1464,1489]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">39.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB41E195986EFA4E" box="[1202,1281,1464,1489]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">52</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FADFE1959837FA4E" box="[1324,1368,1464,1489]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">54</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE1C99837FA65" box="[159,1368,1508,1530]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE1C99FFEFA65" box="[159,657,1508,1530]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Length of horn-core (straight line in lateral view)</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD46E1C99F8EFA65" box="[693,737,1508,1530]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">214</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FCCAE1C99E15FA65" box="[825,890,1508,1530]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">218</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE2239837F9BB" box="[159,1368,1550,1572]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE2239FFEF9BB" box="[159,657,1550,1572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Distance between horn-core tips (restored)</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD46E2239F8EF9BB" box="[693,737,1550,1572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">212</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF4248FC0CFF64E2689F3CF9C1" blockId="5.[151,923,1605,1699]" box="[151,595,1605,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<superScript id="26E49BB74248FC0CFF64E2689DF2F9CE" attach="left" box="[151,157,1605,1617]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">a</superScript>
|
||
Measurements taken from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B5004B0E4248FC0CFE32E26A9F3CF9C1" author="Zhang, Z. Q." box="[449,595,1607,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" pagination="230 - 239" refId="ref8834" refString="Zhang, Z. Q. (2003) A new species of Shaanxispira (Bovidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Bahe Formation, Lantian, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 41, 230 - 239." type="journal article" year="2003">Zhang (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF4248FC0CFF64E2459EF4F91E" blockId="5.[151,923,1605,1699]" box="[151,923,1640,1665]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<superScript id="26E49BB74248FC0CFF64E2459DF1F9EB" attach="left" box="[151,158,1640,1652]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">b</superScript>
|
||
The longest distance from antero-medial point to posterior-lateral point
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF4248FC0CFF64E2A79E4EF93C" blockId="5.[151,923,1605,1699]" box="[151,801,1674,1699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<superScript id="26E49BB74248FC0CFF64E2A79DF2F909" attach="left" box="[151,157,1674,1686]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">c</superScript>
|
||
The diameter perpendicular to the antero-posterior diameter
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="85EE66774248FC0CFF64E2E19959F97C" ID-Table-UUID="85EE66774248FC0CFF64E2E19959F97C" box="[151,1078,1740,1764]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85EE66774248FC0CFF64E2E19959F97C" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" startId="5.[151,239,1740,1763]" targetBox="[159,1403,1791,1978]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF4248FC0CFF64E2E19959F97C" blockId="5.[151,1078,1740,1764]" box="[151,1078,1740,1764]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4248FC0CFF64E2E19C66F97C" bold="true" box="[151,265,1740,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Dental measurements (mm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16914D7C4248FC0CFDAFE2E19E0EF97B" authority="Shi & He & Chen, 2014" authorityName="Shi & He & Chen" authorityYear="2014" box="[604,865,1740,1764]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Shaanxispira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="linxiaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4248FC0CFDAFE2E19E0EF97B" box="[604,865,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Shaanxispira linxiaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED4248FC0CFC9BE2E19ECBF97C" bold="true" box="[872,932,1740,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F8D657964248FC0CFC9BE2E19ECBF97C" box="[872,932,1740,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(HMV 1922)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF4248FC0CFEA6E2D29EE7F825" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<table id="A391C45F424803F6FF6CE2D29814F825" box="[159,1403,1791,1978]" gridcols="12" gridrows="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE2D29814F88A" box="[159,1403,1791,1813]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FEA6E2D29CEEF88A" box="[341,385,1791,1813]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">P2</th>
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FE5FE2D29CB7F88A" box="[428,472,1791,1813]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">P3</th>
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FDEBE2D29F2BF88A" box="[536,580,1791,1813]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">P4</th>
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FD77E2D29FDFF88A" box="[644,688,1791,1813]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">M1</th>
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FD03E2D29E73F88A" box="[752,796,1791,1813]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">M2</th>
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FCAFE2D29EE7F88A" box="[860,904,1791,1813]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">M3</th>
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FC3AE2D29949F88A" box="[969,1062,1791,1813]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Premolar</th>
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FBBBE2D299E9F88A" box="[1096,1158,1791,1813]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Molar</th>
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FB4BE2D2986EF88A" box="[1208,1281,1791,1813]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">P2?M3</th>
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FAD0E2D29814F88A" box="[1315,1403,1791,1813]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">P/M (%)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE3059814F8A1" box="[159,1403,1832,1854]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE3059D88F8A1" box="[159,231,1832,1854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Length</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FEFFE3059C72F8A1" box="[268,285,1832,1854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">L</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FEA6E3059CEEF8A1" box="[341,385,1832,1854]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">-</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FE5FE3059CB7F8A1" box="[428,472,1832,1854]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">12.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FDEBE3059F2BF8A1" box="[536,580,1832,1854]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">13.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD77E3059FDFF8A1" box="[644,688,1832,1854]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">17.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD03E3059E73F8A1" box="[752,796,1832,1854]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">24.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FCAFE3059EE7F8A1" box="[860,904,1832,1854]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">25.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FC3AE3059949F8A1" box="[969,1062,1832,1854]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">-</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBBBE30599E9F8A1" box="[1096,1158,1832,1854]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">65</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB4BE305986EF8A1" box="[1208,1281,1832,1854]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">-</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FAD0E3059814F8A1" box="[1315,1403,1832,1854]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE37F9814F8F7" box="[159,1403,1874,1896]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FEFFE37F9C72F8F7" box="[268,285,1874,1896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">R</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FEA6E37F9CEEF8F7" box="[341,385,1874,1896]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">11.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FE5FE37F9CB7F8F7" box="[428,472,1874,1896]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">12.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FDEBE37F9F2BF8F7" box="[536,580,1874,1896]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">13.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD77E37F9FDFF8F7" box="[644,688,1874,1896]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">16.8</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD03E37F9E73F8F7" box="[752,796,1874,1896]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">24.8</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FCAFE37F9EE7F8F7" box="[860,904,1874,1896]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">26.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FC3AE37F9949F8F7" box="[969,1062,1874,1896]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">35.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FBBBE37F99E9F8F7" box="[1096,1158,1874,1896]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">65.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FB4BE37F986EF8F7" box="[1208,1281,1874,1896]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">96</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FAD0E37F9814F8F7" box="[1315,1403,1874,1896]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">54%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE3569814F80E" box="[159,1403,1915,1937]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="2C705DC1424803F6FF6CE3569D88F80E" box="[159,231,1915,1937]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Width</th>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FEFFE3569C72F80E" box="[268,285,1915,1937]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">L</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FEA6E3569CEEF80E" box="[341,385,1915,1937]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">-</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FE5FE3569CB7F80E" box="[428,472,1915,1937]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">13</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FDEBE3569F2BF80E" box="[536,580,1915,1937]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">14</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD77E3569FDFF80E" box="[644,688,1915,1937]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">19.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD03E3569E73F80E" box="[752,796,1915,1937]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">21.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FCAFE3569EE7F80E" box="[860,904,1915,1937]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FA134BD424803F6FF6CE3899814F825" box="[159,1403,1956,1978]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FEFFE3899C72F825" box="[268,285,1956,1978]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">R</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FEA6E3899CEEF825" box="[341,385,1956,1978]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">-</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FE5FE3899CB7F825" box="[428,472,1956,1978]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">12.8</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FDEBE3899F2BF825" box="[536,580,1956,1978]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">14.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD77E3899FDFF825" box="[644,688,1956,1978]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">19.9</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FD03E3899E73F825" box="[752,796,1956,1978]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">21.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C705DC1424803F6FCAFE3899EE7F825" box="[860,904,1956,1978]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">20.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF424BFC0FFF34E4BA9C2DFEFA" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
|
||
The foramen magnum is large (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424BFC0FFDDDE4BA9FE9FF2F" box="[558,646,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
, FM). The occipital condyle is not as strong as in other “ovibovines” like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16914D7C424BFC0FFF3BE4919C2FFF4A" box="[200,320,188,213]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Hezhengia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED424BFC0FFF3BE4919C2FFF4A" box="[200,320,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Hezhengia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16914D7C424BFC0FFE97E4919C8FFF4A" authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1903" box="[356,480,188,213]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Plesiaddax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E5EAED424BFC0FFE97E4919C8FFF4A" box="[356,480,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Plesiaddax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; it is divided into dorsal and ventral articular surfaces by a clear ridge, and the dorsal articular surface forms a notable angle with the occipital surface above (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424BFC0FFC31E4F29976FF67" box="[962,1049,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
, OC). The depression between the condyle and paroccipital process is shallow and small, but no accessory articular surface is visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424BFC0FFAF2E5299833FE82" box="[1281,1372,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,206,950]" captionTargetId="figure-536@4.[188,1398,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. The skull and dentition of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) ventral view of the skull, (B) sketch of the right dentition; the scale bar is for A. Abbreviations: Bo, basioccipital; Bs, Basisphenoid; EmF, ethmoidal foramen; FV, foramen ovale; PF, palatine foramen; PhT, pharyngeal tuberosity; Pl, palatine; PostT, posterior tuberosity; Pt, pterygoid; PtC, pterygoid crest; SPP, pterygoid process of sphenoid; TC, temporal condyle. Other abbreviations are defined in figure 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915005/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The paroccipital processes are broken on both sides, with their bases considerably robust and converging anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424BFC0FFF6CE5619D97FEFA" box="[159,248,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,206,950]" captionTargetId="figure-536@4.[188,1398,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. The skull and dentition of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) ventral view of the skull, (B) sketch of the right dentition; the scale bar is for A. Abbreviations: Bo, basioccipital; Bs, Basisphenoid; EmF, ethmoidal foramen; FV, foramen ovale; PF, palatine foramen; PhT, pharyngeal tuberosity; Pl, palatine; PostT, posterior tuberosity; Pt, pterygoid; PtC, pterygoid crest; SPP, pterygoid process of sphenoid; TC, temporal condyle. Other abbreviations are defined in figure 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915005/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
, PoP).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF424BFC0FFF34E54299EAFD52" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
|
||
The basioccipital is rectangular and thick. A deep and broad longitudinal groove runs along its midline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424BFC0FFA9CE5429DD4FE32" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,206,950]" captionTargetId="figure-536@4.[188,1398,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. The skull and dentition of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) ventral view of the skull, (B) sketch of the right dentition; the scale bar is for A. Abbreviations: Bo, basioccipital; Bs, Basisphenoid; EmF, ethmoidal foramen; FV, foramen ovale; PF, palatine foramen; PhT, pharyngeal tuberosity; Pl, palatine; PostT, posterior tuberosity; Pt, pterygoid; PtC, pterygoid crest; SPP, pterygoid process of sphenoid; TC, temporal condyle. Other abbreviations are defined in figure 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915005/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
, Bo). Both the posterior tuberosity and the pharyngeal tuberosity are well developed and of similar size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424BFC0FFA9CE5B99DD4FE4F" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,206,950]" captionTargetId="figure-536@4.[188,1398,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. The skull and dentition of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) ventral view of the skull, (B) sketch of the right dentition; the scale bar is for A. Abbreviations: Bo, basioccipital; Bs, Basisphenoid; EmF, ethmoidal foramen; FV, foramen ovale; PF, palatine foramen; PhT, pharyngeal tuberosity; Pl, palatine; PostT, posterior tuberosity; Pt, pterygoid; PtC, pterygoid crest; SPP, pterygoid process of sphenoid; TC, temporal condyle. Other abbreviations are defined in figure 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915005/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
, PhT, PostT). The basioccipital makes an angle with the palate of about 20˚. The auditory bulla is large and round. The posterior tip of the auditory bulla is laminar, positioned laterally to the paroccipital process. A triangular muscular process is visible anterior to the auditory bulla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424BFC0FFC58E5D29968FD87" box="[939,1031,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,206,950]" captionTargetId="figure-536@4.[188,1398,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. The skull and dentition of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) ventral view of the skull, (B) sketch of the right dentition; the scale bar is for A. Abbreviations: Bo, basioccipital; Bs, Basisphenoid; EmF, ethmoidal foramen; FV, foramen ovale; PF, palatine foramen; PhT, pharyngeal tuberosity; Pl, palatine; PostT, posterior tuberosity; Pt, pterygoid; PtC, pterygoid crest; SPP, pterygoid process of sphenoid; TC, temporal condyle. Other abbreviations are defined in figure 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915005/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
, AB). The hyoid fossa is deep and small, and hardly observable in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424BFC0FFD69E6099F9DFDA2" box="[666,754,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
, HF). The external auditory duct is small and short, pointing postero-laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424BFC0FFEADE66A9CD9FDFF" box="[350,438,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,207,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-318@3.[151,1436,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype skull of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) dorsal view, (B) left lateral view, (C) posterior view; the dashed lines show the lateral profile of the frontals; the shadows indicate the parts mended with plaster. Abbreviations: AB, auditory bulla; EAD, external auditory duct; EF, ethmoidal fissure; F, frontal; FM, foramen magnum; FT, facial tuberosity; HC, horn-core; HF, hyoid fossa; K, antero-medial keel of the horn-core; L, lachrymal; LF, lachrymal foramina; IoF, infraorbital foramen; M, maxilla; Mas, mastoid exposure; N, nasal; NC, nuchal crest; O, occipital; OC, occipital condyle; OrbR, orbital rim; Pa, parietal; PoP, paroccipital process; Preof, preorbital fossa; SoF, supraorbital foramen; SoG, supraorbital groove; SpO, supraoccipital; Sq, squamosal; TL, temporal line; Z, zygomatic; ZA, zygomatic arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915003/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
, EAD). The oval foramen is moderate in size, facing mainly laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424BFC0FFB23E66A9846FDFF" box="[1232,1321,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,206,950]" captionTargetId="figure-536@4.[188,1398,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. The skull and dentition of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) ventral view of the skull, (B) sketch of the right dentition; the scale bar is for A. Abbreviations: Bo, basioccipital; Bs, Basisphenoid; EmF, ethmoidal foramen; FV, foramen ovale; PF, palatine foramen; PhT, pharyngeal tuberosity; Pl, palatine; PostT, posterior tuberosity; Pt, pterygoid; PtC, pterygoid crest; SPP, pterygoid process of sphenoid; TC, temporal condyle. Other abbreviations are defined in figure 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915005/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
, FV). The pterygoid crest is robust (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424BFC0FFE4DE6419F76FD1A" box="[446,537,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,206,950]" captionTargetId="figure-536@4.[188,1398,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. The skull and dentition of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) ventral view of the skull, (B) sketch of the right dentition; the scale bar is for A. Abbreviations: Bo, basioccipital; Bs, Basisphenoid; EmF, ethmoidal foramen; FV, foramen ovale; PF, palatine foramen; PhT, pharyngeal tuberosity; Pl, palatine; PostT, posterior tuberosity; Pt, pterygoid; PtC, pterygoid crest; SPP, pterygoid process of sphenoid; TC, temporal condyle. Other abbreviations are defined in figure 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915005/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
, PtC). The ventral border of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid is thick. A small groove is observed along the spheno-pterygoid suture in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424BFC0FFC1EE6A29929FD37" box="[1005,1094,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,206,950]" captionTargetId="figure-536@4.[188,1398,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. The skull and dentition of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) ventral view of the skull, (B) sketch of the right dentition; the scale bar is for A. Abbreviations: Bo, basioccipital; Bs, Basisphenoid; EmF, ethmoidal foramen; FV, foramen ovale; PF, palatine foramen; PhT, pharyngeal tuberosity; Pl, palatine; PostT, posterior tuberosity; Pt, pterygoid; PtC, pterygoid crest; SPP, pterygoid process of sphenoid; TC, temporal condyle. Other abbreviations are defined in figure 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915005/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
, SPP, Pt). The palatine is long, and the anterior edge of the choanae is much more caudal than the tooth row (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424BFC0FFC0CE699993EFD52" box="[1023,1105,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,206,950]" captionTargetId="figure-536@4.[188,1398,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. The skull and dentition of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) ventral view of the skull, (B) sketch of the right dentition; the scale bar is for A. Abbreviations: Bo, basioccipital; Bs, Basisphenoid; EmF, ethmoidal foramen; FV, foramen ovale; PF, palatine foramen; PhT, pharyngeal tuberosity; Pl, palatine; PostT, posterior tuberosity; Pt, pterygoid; PtC, pterygoid crest; SPP, pterygoid process of sphenoid; TC, temporal condyle. Other abbreviations are defined in figure 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915005/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Fig 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
, Pl).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF424BFC0FFF34E6FA99BAFC3A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
|
||
The cheek teeth are mesodont. The premolar row is short, and the length ratio of premolar to molar row is 54% (
|
||
<figureCitation id="49AA2A7A424BFC0FFF6CE6D19D98FC8A" box="[159,247,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,206,950]" captionTargetId="figure-536@4.[188,1398,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. The skull and dentition of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. nov. (HMV 1922): (A) ventral view of the skull, (B) sketch of the right dentition; the scale bar is for A. Abbreviations: Bo, basioccipital; Bs, Basisphenoid; EmF, ethmoidal foramen; FV, foramen ovale; PF, palatine foramen; PhT, pharyngeal tuberosity; Pl, palatine; PostT, posterior tuberosity; Pt, pterygoid; PtC, pterygoid crest; SPP, pterygoid process of sphenoid; TC, temporal condyle. Other abbreviations are defined in figure 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915005/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="9C130344424BFC0FFEF7E6D19C35FC8A" box="[260,346,764,789]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1740,1763]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 3. Dental measurements (mm) of Shaanxispira linxiaensis sp. n. (HMV 1922)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85EE66774248FC0CFF64E2E19959F97C" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" tableUuid="85EE66774248FC0CFF64E2E19959F97C">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). P2 is broken, but was certainly small. Its lingual border is straight. P3 is larger than P2, with a round lingual border. The width of P3 is similar to its length. The protocone is more distal than the paracone. The fossette of P3 is simple but deep. P4 is similar to P
|
||
<quantity id="16699B1A424BFC0FFD1BE7699E7BFCC2" box="[744,788,836,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
morphology but is a little larger. The protocone is more mesial, making P4 almost symmetrical. The fossette is long and narrow, with its anterior and posterior ends close to the border of the tooth. A spur is observed in the posterior part of the fossette, pointing forwards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D12E36FF424BFC0FFF34E7829EF0FB77" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
|
||
M1 is almost square, being only slightly wider than long. The first lobe is shorter than the second lobe. The fossettes are U-shaped, and lack spurs. The lingual valley is narrow but deep, reaching almost 1/3 of the width of M1. The enamel island is thin and long. There is a tiny basal pillar on the posterior lobe of M1. M2 is much larger and longer than M1. The parastyle and mesostyle are moderately strong in M2, whereas the metastyle is not developed, and the buccal ribs are weak. The fossettes are simple, with the anterior and posterior ends close to the buccal wall. There are small folds along the border of the fossettes, but no distinct spur. The enamel island is also thin and long in M2. M3 is similar to M
|
||
<quantity id="16699B1A424BFC0FFDAFE0AA9FE8FB3F" box="[604,647,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
size and morphology, but is a little longer and narrower. The ribs and styles are even weaker in M3 than in M2, with only a moderately developed parastyle. There is no enamel island in M3, and the lingual valley penetrates deeply towards the buccal wall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |