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<document id="39F521676E6C80E665E95D28B50F2A14" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad111" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-PMC="PMC10983082" ID-PubMed="38566915" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240925" ID-ZooBank="E8CC81A3-E625-4C48-B783-29AA9BFC83C3C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1716363317501" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moreno, Karina, Rico, Diane M., Middlebrooks, Michael, Medrano, Sabrina, Valdés, Ángel A. &amp; Krug, Patrick J." docDate="2024" docId="03C287FBFFA2FFC5F86C4656FAD6268B" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad111.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad111" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.5:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Cyerce piercei Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug 2024, sp.nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="967" masterDocId="FFFBFF83FFBAFFDEFC6F452FFFAF206B" masterDocTitle="A cryptic radiation of Caribbean sea slugs revealed by integrative analysis: Cyerce antillensis (Sacoglossa: Caliphyllidae) is six distinct species" masterLastPageNumber="979" masterPageNumber="940" pageNumber="964" updateTime="1716496456803" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="A4A73B20F48AD5291259B22CEDC56421">A cryptic radiation of Caribbean sea slugs revealed by integrative analysis: Cyerce antillensis (Sacoglossa: Caliphyllidae) is six distinct species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B1F1986D439DCC5278C8FBFEE8733BF4">Moreno, Karina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="20CD8979407FA1CC698E5551C368A7CF">Rico, Diane M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="78638AA26E907DE2F79EF02A3AB0240B">Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032 - 8201, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3AE047FAA05605D56AB7F6B4B6DD2755">Middlebrooks, Michael</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="606C235BA39A89A88C9870926A85F72A">Department of Biology, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL 33609, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AEF17BF8137BAB9E38182738D6342CDE">Valdés, Ángel A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="76D3BA3486D3D5519E20A1069E2E91C8">Krug, Patrick J.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D09C8181FFA2FFC6F86C4656FB7523F8" bold="true" box="[1027,1242,889,915]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="964" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA2FFC6F86C4656FB2623F8" ID-CoL="C4SJR" authority="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug, 2024" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[1027,1161,889,915]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="24" pageNumber="964" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piercei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA2FFC6F86C4656FB2623F8" bold="true" box="[1027,1161,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Cyerce piercei</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA2FFC6FF9D4698FB4323BA" blockId="24.[1010,1260,951,978]" box="[1010,1260,951,978]" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA2FFC6FF9D4698FB4323BA" bold="true" box="[1010,1260,951,978]" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">
(
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA2FFC6FF934698FBF923BA" box="[1020,1110,951,977]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="3.[130,195,1841,1865]" captionStartId-1="8.[113,178,1844,1868]" captionStartId-2="9.[131,196,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox-0="[129,1473,145,1813]" captionTargetBox-1="[400,1174,149,1814]" captionTargetBox-2="[144,754,1402,1824]" captionTargetId-0="figure-64@3.[128,1475,144,1814]" captionTargetId-1="figure-7@8.[399,1174,148,1815]" captionTargetId-2="figure-918@9.[143,754,1401,1825]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="Figure 1. Western Atlantic sampling sites; for more details, see Table 1. Top panel shows southern Florida peninsula and eastern Caribbean; bottom panel shows expanded view of inset box." captionText-1="Figure 2. Consensus phylogenetic tree for Cyerce and Sohgenia based on maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of three concatenated loci. Percentages corresponding to significant bootstrap support are given below branches, and posterior probabilities from Bayesian inference (BI) analysis are shown in bold above branches. Capital letters label three key supported nodes. Haplotypes are coded by datelocationspecimen number on terminals. Results of four species delimitation analyses are indicated by vertical bars; horizontal shaded bars enclose specimens grouped as species entities by all methods." captionText-2="Figure 3. Histogram of pairwise TamuraNei (TrN)-corrected COI distances, showing barcoding gap; white bars denote intraspecific distances and black bars interspecific distances, based on automated barcode gap discovery (ABGD) and assemble species by automatic partitioning (ASAP) analyses." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240927" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240929" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240931" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11240927/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11240929/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11240931/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Figs 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA2FFC6F80F4697FBC123B9" box="[1120,1134,952,978]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1102,1126]" captionTargetBox="[132,1471,147,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-464@13.[129,1473,144,1075]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. Haplotype network of phased histone 3 alleles colour-coded by candidate species, with the size of each circle denoting the frequency of the sampled allele. A small black dot indicates an unsampled allele. Each bar crossing a line denotes one nucleotide substitution." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240935/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA2FFC6F8174698FB3A23BA" box="[1144,1173,951,977]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[115,180,1204,1228]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1176]" captionTargetId="figure-341@16.[114,1458,144,1176]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Stained and mounted penial stylets of Cyerce species from the Western Atlantic. Black arrow indicates stylet.A, Cyerce nicholasi, isolate 10Bim03. B, Cyerce piercei, isolate KM66. C, Cyerce ellingsonorum, isolate 06Jam05. D, Cyerce antillensis, isolate 10Bim01.E, Cyerce browneveorum, isolate 09Gei01.F, Cyerce willetteorum, isolate 07Stir01.G, Cyerce cf. cristallina, isolate B101." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240943/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">8B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA2FFC6F8CF4698FB1323BA" box="[1184,1212,951,977]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,145,1285]" captionTargetId="figure-294@26.[114,1458,145,1285]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Cyerce piercei, live specimens. A, B, dorsal views of specimen collected on Penicillus lamourouxii in Tarpon Springs, FL, USA; actual size, 9 mm. A, photographed with lighting from above. B, photographed with oblique lighting. C, D, dorsal view of specimen collected on Udotea looensis at 15 m depth from Marys Ledge reef, offshore of St. Petersburg, FL, USA; actual size, 7 mm.C, photographed with lighting from above. D, photographed with oblique lighting." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240957/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA2FFC6F8AA4698FB4E23BA" box="[1221,1249,951,977]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1605,1629]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-162@27.[129,1473,144,1577]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Cyerce piercei, radular scanning electron micrographs of LACM 3843 (isolate 07Stir02). A, complete radula, with ascus attached to descending limb. B, leading tooth. C, close-up view of ascus, slightly damaged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240959/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">15</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA2FFC6FF4546D7FBA4247B" box="[810,1035,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">ZooBank registration:</emphasis>
lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA2FFC6F841417FFB002402" box="[1070,1199,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Type material</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B033CB0FFA2FFC6FF45415AFBDD24C6" collectionCode="LACM" country="Bahamas" location="Stirrup Cay" pageId="24" pageNumber="964" specimenCode="LACM 3843" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54D0884FFFA2FFC6FF45415AFC2A24E6" box="[810,901,1141,1165]" pageId="24" pageNumber="964" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
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<location id="8EB46036FFA2FFC6FFF6415AFBB724E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287FBFFA2FFC5F86C4656FAD6268B:8EB46036FFA2FFC6FFF6415AFBB724E6" box="[921,1048,1141,1165]" country="Bahamas" name="Stirrup Cay" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Stirrup Cay</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37C767DFFA2FFC6F845415AFB2724E6" box="[1066,1160,1141,1165]" name="Bahamas" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4C939B08FFA2FFC6F8F5415AFB5E24E6" box="[1178,1265,1141,1165]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="964" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
preserved length (
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<specimenCode id="DBCD9E96FFA2FFC6FF5A41BAFC1A24C6" box="[821,949,1173,1197]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="24" pageNumber="964" type="Museum">LACM 3843</specimenCode>
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; isolate 07Stir02).
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<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA2FFC6FF8C41E3FB55248D" box="[995,1274,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Additional material examined</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B033CB0FFA2FFC6FF4541DCFC622541" collectionCode="FL" country="Bahamas" county="Tarpon Springs" location="Plana Cay" municipality="Swe" pageId="24" pageNumber="964" specimenCount="2">
<location id="8EB46036FFA2FFC6FF4541DCFC3D2560" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287FBFFA2FFC5F86C4656FAD6268B:8EB46036FFA2FFC6FF4541DCFC3D2560" box="[810,914,1267,1291]" country="Bahamas" county="Tarpon Springs" municipality="Swe" name="Plana Cay" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Plana Cay</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37C767DFFA2FFC6FFF141DCFC532560" box="[926,1020,1267,1291]" name="Bahamas" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
,
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preserved, isolate 07
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01.
<location id="8EB46036FFA2FFC6FF45403DFC662541" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287FBFFA2FFC5F86C4656FAD6268B:8EB46036FFA2FFC6FF45403DFC662541" box="[810,969,1298,1322]" country="Bahamas" county="Tarpon Springs" municipality="Swe" name="Sweetings Cay" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Sweetings Cay</location>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B033CB0FFA2FFC6FFB2403DFBCC2522" collectionCode="FL" country="Bahamas" county="Tarpon Springs" location="Plana Cay" municipality="Swe" pageId="24" pageNumber="964" specimenCount="2">
<collectingCountry id="F37C767DFFA2FFC6FFB2403DFB942541" box="[989,1083,1298,1322]" name="Bahamas" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6DFD64FFA2FFC6F820403DFB492541" box="[1103,1254,1298,1322]" count="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="964" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
preserved, isolate 07
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB0AC97FFA2FFC6FF2B401EFCDE2522" box="[836,881,1329,1353]" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Swe</collectingMunicipality>
03.
<collectingCounty id="62B54E61FFA2FFC6FFFA401DFB972522" box="[917,1080,1329,1353]" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Tarpon Springs</collectingCounty>
,
<collectionCode id="ED7AAE28FFA2FFC6F82C401DFBCC2522" box="[1091,1123,1330,1353]" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">FL</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B033CB0FFA2FFC6F800401EFC192502" collectionCode="KM" country="Bahamas" pageId="24" pageNumber="964" specimenCode="KM66" specimenCount="1">
2018,
<specimenCount id="9D6DFD64FFA2FFC6F8DE401DFAEF2522" box="[1201,1344,1329,1353]" count="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="964" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
preserved, isolate
<specimenCode id="DBCD9E96FFA2FFC6FF1E407EFC192502" box="[881,950,1361,1385]" collectionCode="KM" country="Russia" name="Kotel'nich Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">KM66</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA2FFC6F83E40A3FB2225CE" blockId="24.[1105,1165,1420,1445]" box="[1105,1165,1420,1445]" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA2FFC6F83E40A3FB2225CE" box="[1105,1165,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Range</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA2FFC6FF45409DFB2A25A1" blockId="24.[810,1157,1458,1482]" box="[810,1157,1458,1482]" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">
<collectingCountry id="F37C767DFFA2FFC6FF45409DFC2725A1" box="[810,904,1458,1482]" name="Bahamas" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
, Florida (present study).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA2FFC6F85740C5FB0B2668" blockId="24.[1080,1188,1514,1539]" box="[1080,1188,1514,1539]" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA2FFC6F85740C5FB0B2668" box="[1080,1188,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA2FFC6FF45433FFA09268F" blockId="24.[810,1460,1552,1983]" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA2FFC6FF45433FFBAE2643" box="[810,1025,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">External morphology:</emphasis>
Body colour mottled dark yellow; notum flecked with brown. Head white, with Y-shaped burgundy patch extending between eyes up onto front of head and base of rhinophores (
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA2FFC6FFD94341FC5526ED" box="[950,1018,1646,1670]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,145,1285]" captionTargetId="figure-294@26.[114,1458,145,1285]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Cyerce piercei, live specimens. A, B, dorsal views of specimen collected on Penicillus lamourouxii in Tarpon Springs, FL, USA; actual size, 9 mm. A, photographed with lighting from above. B, photographed with oblique lighting. C, D, dorsal view of specimen collected on Udotea looensis at 15 m depth from Marys Ledge reef, offshore of St. Petersburg, FL, USA; actual size, 7 mm.C, photographed with lighting from above. D, photographed with oblique lighting." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240957/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Rhinophores and tentacles smooth, translucent white, with faint burgundy mottling. Head with burgundy patch extending behind eyes to area surrounding pericardium, and down sides of head; dark purple line limning edge of head.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA2FFC7FF2A43C4FE882684" blockId="24.[810,1460,1552,1983]" lastBlockId="25.[128,778,1469,1775]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="965" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">
Pericardium round, with scattered small white papillae (
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA2FFC6F9E243C4FCFA2748" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,145,1285]" captionTargetId="figure-294@26.[114,1458,145,1285]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Cyerce piercei, live specimens. A, B, dorsal views of specimen collected on Penicillus lamourouxii in Tarpon Springs, FL, USA; actual size, 9 mm. A, photographed with lighting from above. B, photographed with oblique lighting. C, D, dorsal view of specimen collected on Udotea looensis at 15 m depth from Marys Ledge reef, offshore of St. Petersburg, FL, USA; actual size, 7 mm.C, photographed with lighting from above. D, photographed with oblique lighting." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240957/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
) or smooth (
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA2FFC6FF874224FBCF2748" box="[1000,1120,1803,1827]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,145,1285]" captionTargetId="figure-294@26.[114,1458,145,1285]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Cyerce piercei, live specimens. A, B, dorsal views of specimen collected on Penicillus lamourouxii in Tarpon Springs, FL, USA; actual size, 9 mm. A, photographed with lighting from above. B, photographed with oblique lighting. C, D, dorsal view of specimen collected on Udotea looensis at 15 m depth from Marys Ledge reef, offshore of St. Petersburg, FL, USA; actual size, 7 mm.C, photographed with lighting from above. D, photographed with oblique lighting." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240957/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Fig. 14BD</figureCitation>
); light burgundy ground colour with darker outline, sometimes with darker spots on top. Anal papilla light grey or dark grey, anterior and to the right of pericardium. Dorsal vessels shaded grey; one pair of lateral vessels and paired posterior vessels emerging from pericardial sac and forking to feed into base of cerata (
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA2FFC6F8EC4288FB5827D4" box="[1155,1271,1959,1983]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,145,1285]" captionTargetId="figure-294@26.[114,1458,145,1285]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Cyerce piercei, live specimens. A, B, dorsal views of specimen collected on Penicillus lamourouxii in Tarpon Springs, FL, USA; actual size, 9 mm. A, photographed with lighting from above. B, photographed with oblique lighting. C, D, dorsal view of specimen collected on Udotea looensis at 15 m depth from Marys Ledge reef, offshore of St. Petersburg, FL, USA; actual size, 7 mm.C, photographed with lighting from above. D, photographed with oblique lighting." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240957/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="964">Fig. 14AD</figureCitation>
). Posterior vessels running length of notum to base of pointed tail after forking once, with short side branches emerging to connect to cerata along body margin (
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA3FFC7FD3B40D3FE02267F" box="[340,429,1532,1556]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,145,1285]" captionTargetId="figure-294@26.[114,1458,145,1285]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Cyerce piercei, live specimens. A, B, dorsal views of specimen collected on Penicillus lamourouxii in Tarpon Springs, FL, USA; actual size, 9 mm. A, photographed with lighting from above. B, photographed with oblique lighting. C, D, dorsal view of specimen collected on Udotea looensis at 15 m depth from Marys Ledge reef, offshore of St. Petersburg, FL, USA; actual size, 7 mm.C, photographed with lighting from above. D, photographed with oblique lighting." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240957/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
). Cerata flat, rectangular; translucent, with small white specks across surface and embedded grey, spherical, glandular inclusions. Small burgundy or brown oval-shaped patch at base of ceras; larger brown oval patch near tip of ceras (
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA3FFC7FCAA4356FE9926FA" box="[197,310,1657,1681]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,145,1285]" captionTargetId="figure-294@26.[114,1458,145,1285]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Cyerce piercei, live specimens. A, B, dorsal views of specimen collected on Penicillus lamourouxii in Tarpon Springs, FL, USA; actual size, 9 mm. A, photographed with lighting from above. B, photographed with oblique lighting. C, D, dorsal view of specimen collected on Udotea looensis at 15 m depth from Marys Ledge reef, offshore of St. Petersburg, FL, USA; actual size, 7 mm.C, photographed with lighting from above. D, photographed with oblique lighting." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240957/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Fig. 14A, B</figureCitation>
). Ceratal margin with ragged appearance like torn cloth; translucent ceras abruptly transitioning to opaque white or brown speckled band along margin covering uneven crenulated edge.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF146665FFA3FFC7FCED45A0FCA120CD" box="[130,782,143,167]" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" startId="25.[130,185,143,167]" targetBox="[128,1472,189,1351]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="25" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA3FFC7FCED45A0FCA120CD" blockId="25.[130,782,143,167]" box="[130,782,143,167]" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FCED45A0FF7F20CC" bold="true" box="[130,208,143,167]" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Table 5.</emphasis>
Trait comparisons among Western Atlantic species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FEA145A0FCA620CD" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1871" box="[718,777,143,166]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FEA145A0FCA620CD" box="[718,777,143,166]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Cyerce</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA3FFC7FCEE4592FE84252C" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<table id="F96BC44DFFA30021FCEF4592FA6F252C" box="[128,1472,189,1351]" gridcols="8" gridrows="37" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4592FA6F20BE" box="[128,1472,189,213]" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF4592FE9520BE" box="[128,314,189,213]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FCEE4592FF1E20BE" bold="true" box="[129,177,189,213]" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Trait</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C4592FE6320BE" box="[339,460,189,213]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FD3C4592FE6320BE" authorityName="Trinchese" authorityYear="1881" box="[339,460,189,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cristallina">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FD3C4592FE6320BE" bold="true" box="[339,460,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">C. cristallina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB24592FDC420BE" box="[477,619,189,213]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FDB24592FDF920BE" authorityName="sensu Engel" authorityYear="1927" box="[477,598,189,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antillensis">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FDB24592FDF920BE" bold="true" box="[477,598,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">C. antillensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB4592FCBD20BE" box="[644,786,189,213]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FEEB4592FD5D20BE" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[644,754,189,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nicholasi">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FEEB4592FD5D20BE" bold="true" box="[644,754,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">C. nicholasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF424592FC6E20BE" box="[813,961,189,213]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FF424592FC2B20BE" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[813,900,189,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piercei">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FF424592FC2B20BE" bold="true" box="[813,900,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">C. piercei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB64592FBCC20BE" box="[985,1123,189,213]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FFB54592FC4020BE" bold="true" box="[986,1007,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">C.</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021F8124592FABF20BE" box="[1149,1296,189,213]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7F8124592FAA220BE" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[1149,1293,189,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="willetteorum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7F8124592FAA220BE" bold="true" box="[1149,1293,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">C. willetteorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021F9474592FA6F20BE" box="[1320,1472,189,213]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7F9474592FA9120BE" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[1320,1342,189,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ellingsonorum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7F9474592FA9120BE" bold="true" box="[1320,1342,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">C.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF45F5FA6F2099" box="[128,1472,218,242]" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB645F5FBCC2099" box="[985,1123,218,242]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FFB545F5FBCF2099" bold="true" box="[986,1120,218,242]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">ellingsonorum</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F94745F5FA6F2099" box="[1320,1472,218,242]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7F94745F5FA1B2099" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[1320,1460,218,242]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="browneveorum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7F94745F5FA1B2099" bold="true" box="[1320,1460,218,242]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">browneveorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4425FA6F2149" box="[128,1472,266,290]" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF4425FA6F2149" box="[128,1472,266,290]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FCEE4425FEA32149" bold="true" box="[129,268,266,290]" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Radular traits</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4403FA6F212F" box="[128,1472,300,324]" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF4403FE95212F" box="[128,314,300,324]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Number of teeth</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C4403FE63212F" box="[339,460,300,324]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">4, 6 (B101)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB24403FDC4212F" box="[477,619,300,324]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">11, 9</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB4403FCBD212F" box="[644,786,300,324]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">8, 7</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF424403FC6E212F" box="[813,961,300,324]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">5, 7</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB64403FBCC212F" box="[985,1123,300,324]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">6, 10</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F8124403FABF212F" box="[1149,1296,300,324]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">6, 7 (07Stir01)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F9474403FA6F212F" box="[1320,1472,300,324]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">6, 8 (10Gei01)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4466FA6F2109" box="[128,1472,329,354]" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF4466FE952109" box="[128,314,329,354]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">in ascending,</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C4466FE632109" box="[339,460,329,354]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">4, 6 (B103)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB24466FDC42109" box="[477,619,329,354]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(MM109A)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB4466FCBD2109" box="[644,786,329,354]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(07LSS02)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF424466FC6E2109" box="[813,961,329,354]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(07PLA01)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB64466FBCC2109" box="[985,1123,329,354]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(06Jam09)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4448FA6F2114" box="[128,1472,359,383]" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF4448FE952114" box="[128,314,359,383]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">descending</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C4448FE632114" box="[339,460,359,383]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">5, 7</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB24448FDC42114" box="[477,619,359,383]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">10, 11</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB4448FCBD2114" box="[644,786,359,383]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">4, 9</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF424448FC6E2114" box="[813,961,359,383]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">5, 7 (07Stir02)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF44ABFA6F21F7" box="[128,1472,388,412]" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF44ABFE9521F7" box="[128,314,388,412]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">limbs</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C44ABFE6321F7" box="[339,460,388,412]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(MM98)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB244ABFDC421F7" box="[477,619,388,412]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(10Bim01)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB44ABFCBD21F7" box="[644,786,388,412]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(10Bim03)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4489FA6F21D5" box="[128,1472,422,446]" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF4489FE9521D5" box="[128,314,422,446]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Length of lead-</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C4489FE6321D5" box="[339,460,422,446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">380</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB24489FDC421D5" box="[477,619,422,446]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">67</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB4489FCBD21D5" box="[644,786,422,446]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">145</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF424489FC6E21D5" box="[813,961,422,446]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">180 (07Stir02)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB64489FBCC21D5" box="[985,1123,422,446]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">125</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F8124489FABF21D5" box="[1149,1296,422,446]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">97</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F9474489FA6F21D5" box="[1320,1472,422,446]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">165</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF44EDFA6F21B0" box="[128,1472,450,475]" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF44EDFE9521B0" box="[128,314,450,475]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">ing tooth (µm)</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB244EDFDC421B0" box="[477,619,450,475]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(MM109A)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB44EDFCBD21B0" box="[644,786,450,475]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(07LSS02)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB644EDFBCC21B0" box="[985,1123,450,475]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">290a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF44CEFA6F2192" box="[128,1472,481,505]" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB244CEFDC42192" box="[477,619,481,505]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">60 (10Bim01)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB44CEFCBD2192" box="[644,786,481,505]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">115</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF44D1FA6F227D" box="[128,1472,510,534]" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB44D1FCBD227D" box="[644,786,510,534]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(10Bim03)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF470FFA6F2253" box="[128,1472,544,568]" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF470FFE952253" box="[128,314,544,568]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Number of dent-</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C470FFE632253" box="[339,460,544,568]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">17</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB2470FFDC42253" box="[477,619,544,568]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">11</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB470FFCBD2253" box="[644,786,544,568]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">10</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF42470FFC6E2253" box="[813,961,544,568]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">14</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB6470FFBCC2253" box="[985,1123,544,568]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">10</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F812470FFABF2253" box="[1149,1296,544,568]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">9</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F947470FFA6F2253" box="[1320,1472,544,568]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4712FA6F223E" box="[128,1472,573,597]" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF4712FE95223E" box="[128,314,573,597]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">icles</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4770FA6F2213" box="[128,1472,607,632]" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF4770FE952213" box="[128,314,607,632]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Shape of dent-</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C4770FE632213" box="[339,460,607,632]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Triangular</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB24770FDC42213" box="[477,619,607,632]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Pointed,</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB4770FCBD2213" box="[644,786,607,632]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Rectangular,</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF424770FC6E2213" box="[813,961,607,632]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Angled forward</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB64770FBCC2213" box="[985,1123,607,632]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Rectangular, ≤</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F8124770FABF2213" box="[1149,1296,607,632]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Irregular width,</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F9474770FA6F2213" box="[1320,1472,607,632]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Longer and nar-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4753FA6F22FE" box="[128,1472,636,661]" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF4753FE9522FE" box="[128,314,636,661]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">icles</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB24753FDC422FE" box="[477,619,636,661]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">curved</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB4753FCBD22FE" box="[644,786,636,661]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">3 μm wide</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF424753FC6E22FE" box="[813,961,636,661]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">or backward</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB64753FBCC22FE" box="[985,1123,636,661]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">6 μm wide</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F8124753FABF22FE" box="[1149,1296,636,661]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">curved edge</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F9474753FA6F22FE" box="[1320,1472,636,661]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">rower at tip</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF47B1FA6F22DD" box="[128,1472,670,694]" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF47B1FE9522DD" box="[128,314,670,694]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Angle of tooth</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C47B1FE6322DD" box="[339,460,670,694]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">15</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB247B1FDC422DD" box="[477,619,670,694]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">25 (07LSS02)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB47B1FCBD22DD" box="[644,786,670,694]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">15 (10BIM03)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF4247B1FC6E22DD" box="[813,961,670,694]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">15 (07PLA01)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB647B1FBCC22DD" box="[985,1123,670,694]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">20</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F81247B1FABF22DD" box="[1149,1296,670,694]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">18</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F94747B1FA6F22DD" box="[1320,1472,670,694]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">18 (10GEI01)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4794FA6F22BF" box="[128,1472,699,724]" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF4794FE9522BF" box="[128,314,699,724]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(°)</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C4794FE6322BF" box="[339,460,699,724]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(MM98)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF424794FC6E22BF" box="[813,961,699,724]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">15 (07Stir02)</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB64794FBCC22BF" box="[985,1123,699,724]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(06JAM09)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF47F2FA6F229D" box="[128,1472,733,758]" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF47F2FA6F229D" box="[128,1472,733,758]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FCEF47F2FE99229E" bold="true" box="[128,310,733,758]" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Penial stylet traits</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF47D0FA6F237C" box="[128,1472,767,791]" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF47D0FE95237C" box="[128,314,767,791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Shape</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C47D0FE63237C" box="[339,460,767,791]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Slightly</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB247D0FDC4237C" box="[477,619,767,791]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Cylindrical</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB47D0FCBD237C" box="[644,786,767,791]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
Curved,
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF4247D0FC6E237C" box="[813,961,767,791]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">elongCurved, em-</td>
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB647D0FBCC237C" box="[985,1123,767,791]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Cylindrical,</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F81247D0FABF237C" box="[1149,1296,767,791]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Curved, wide</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F94747D0FA6F237C" box="[1320,1472,767,791]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Straight, wide,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4632FA6F235E" box="[128,1472,797,821]" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C4632FE63235E" box="[339,460,797,821]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">curved</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB4632FCBD235E" box="[644,786,797,821]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">ated</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF424632FC6E235E" box="[813,961,797,821]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">bedded</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB64632FBCC235E" box="[985,1123,797,821]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">straight</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F9474632FA6F235E" box="[1320,1472,797,821]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">embedded</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4611FA6F233D" box="[128,1472,830,854]" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF4611FE95233D" box="[128,314,830,854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Opening</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C4611FE63233D" box="[339,460,830,854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Pointed tip,</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB24611FDC4233D" box="[477,619,830,854]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Pointed tip,</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB4611FCBD233D" box="[644,786,830,854]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Wide tip, oval</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF424611FC6E233D" box="[813,961,830,854]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Oval</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB64611FBCC233D" box="[985,1123,830,854]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Pointed tip,</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F8124611FABF233D" box="[1149,1296,830,854]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Wide tip, oval</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F9474611FA6F233D" box="[1320,1472,830,854]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
Pointed tip,
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4673FA6F231F" box="[128,1472,860,884]" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C4673FE63231F" box="[339,460,860,884]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">trioval</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB24673FDC4231F" box="[477,619,860,884]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">oval</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB64673FBCC231F" box="[985,1123,860,884]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">triangular</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F9474673FA6F231F" box="[1320,1472,860,884]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">angular</td>
</tr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4652FA6F23FD" box="[128,1472,893,918]" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF4652FE9523FD" box="[128,314,893,918]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Length (µm)</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C4652FE6323FD" box="[339,460,893,918]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">100</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB24652FDC423FD" box="[477,619,893,918]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">&lt;50</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB4652FCBD23FD" box="[644,786,893,918]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">175</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF424652FC6E23FD" box="[813,961,893,918]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">75</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB64652FBCC23FD" box="[985,1123,893,918]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">65</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F8124652FABF23FD" box="[1149,1296,893,918]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">120</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F9474652FA6F23FD" box="[1320,1472,893,918]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">180</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF46B0FA6F23D3" box="[128,1472,927,952]" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF46B0FE9523D3" box="[128,314,927,952]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FCEF468FFF7023D3" bold="true" box="[128,223,928,952]" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Host alga</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C46B0FE6323D3" box="[339,460,927,952]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FD3C46B0FE0823DC" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1813" box="[339,423,927,951]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FD3C46B0FE0823DC" box="[339,423,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Penicillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB246B0FDC423D3" box="[477,619,927,952]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FDB246B0FD9823DC" authorityName="J. V. F. Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[477,567,927,951]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FDB246B0FD9823DC" box="[477,567,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Halimeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB46B0FCBD23D3" box="[644,786,927,952]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FEEB46B0FCAB23DC" box="[644,772,927,951]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FEEB46B0FD7723DC" box="[644,728,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Penicillus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF4246B0FC6E23D3" box="[813,961,927,952]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FF4246B0FC2E23DC" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1813" box="[813,897,927,951]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FF4246B0FC2E23DC" box="[813,897,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Penicillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB646B0FBCC23D3" box="[985,1123,927,952]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FFB646B0FB8223DC" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1813" box="[985,1069,927,951]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FFB646B0FB8223DC" box="[985,1069,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Penicillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F81246B0FABF23D3" box="[1149,1296,927,952]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7F81246B0FB7E23DC" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1813" box="[1149,1233,927,951]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7F81246B0FB7E23DC" box="[1149,1233,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Penicillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F94746B0FA6F23D3" box="[1320,1472,927,952]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7F94746B0FA0723DC" box="[1320,1448,927,951]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7F94746B0FAD323DC" box="[1320,1404,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Penicillus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4692FA6F23BE" box="[128,1472,957,981]" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FD3C4692FE6323BE" box="[339,460,957,981]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FD074692FE1523BF" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1813" box="[360,442,957,980]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capitatus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FD074692FE1523BF" box="[360,442,957,980]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">capitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB24692FDC423BE" box="[477,619,957,981]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FD9E4692FD9923BF" baseAuthorityName="Ortea and Templado" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[497,566,957,980]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="opuntia">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FD9E4692FD9923BF" box="[497,566,957,980]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">opuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB4692FCBD23BE" box="[644,786,957,981]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FEEB4692FCA823BE" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityYear="1843" box="[644,775,957,981]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Rhipocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FEEB4692FCA823BE" box="[644,775,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Rhipocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF424692FC6E23BE" box="[813,961,957,981]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FF2D4692FC1F23BE" authorityName="Decaisne" authorityYear="1842" box="[834,944,957,981]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lamourouxii">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FF2D4692FC1F23BE" box="[834,944,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">lamourouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FFB64692FBCC23BE" box="[985,1123,957,981]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FF814692FBE323BE" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="J. V. Lamouroux" box="[1006,1100,957,981]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dumetosus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FF814692FBE323BE" box="[1006,1100,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">dumetosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F8124692FABF23BE" box="[1149,1296,957,981]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7F8FD4691FB4B23BE" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1813" box="[1170,1252,958,981]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capitatus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7F8FD4691FB4B23BE" box="[1170,1252,958,981]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">capitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F9474692FA6F23BE" box="[1320,1472,957,981]" gridcol="7" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7F9474692FA0423BE" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityYear="1843" baseAuthorityName="J. Ellis &amp; Solander" box="[1320,1451,957,981]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Rhipocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="25" pageNumber="962" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7F9474692FA0423BE" box="[1320,1451,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Rhipocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF46F5FA6F2399" box="[128,1472,986,1010]" gridrow="25" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB46F5FCBD2399" box="[644,786,986,1010]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FEE646F5FD7E2399" box="[649,721,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">phoenix</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF4246F5FC6E2399" box="[813,961,986,1010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FF4246F5FC0C2399" box="[813,931,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FF4246F5FC282399" authorityName="J. V. F. Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[813,903,986,1010]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">Halimeda</taxonomicName>
in-
</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F94746F5FA6F2399" box="[1320,1472,986,1010]" gridcol="7" gridrow="25" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7F95246F5FA2A2399" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityYear="1843" baseAuthorityName="J. Ellis &amp; Solander" box="[1341,1413,986,1010]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Rhipocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7F95246F5FA2A2399" box="[1341,1413,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">phoenix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF46D7FA6F2464" box="[128,1472,1016,1039]" gridrow="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF4246D7FC6E2464" box="[813,961,1016,1039]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FF2D46D7FC272464" box="[834,904,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">crassate</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF413AFA6F2446" box="[128,1472,1045,1069]" gridrow="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF42413AFC6E2446" box="[813,961,1045,1069]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FF42413AFC342446" authorityName="D. S. Littler &amp; M. M. Littler" authorityYear="1990" box="[813,923,1045,1069]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="luna">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FF42413AFC342446" box="[813,923,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Udotea luna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF411DFA6F2421" box="[128,1472,1074,1098]" gridrow="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF42411DFC6E2421" box="[813,961,1074,1098]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FF42411DFC172421" authorityName="D. Littler &amp; M. Littler" authorityYear="1990" box="[813,952,1074,1098]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="looensis">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FF42411DFC172421" box="[813,952,1074,1098]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Udotea looensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF417BFA6F2407" box="[128,1472,1108,1132]" gridrow="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF417BFA6F2407" box="[128,1472,1108,1132]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FCEF417BFEFA2407" bold="true" box="[128,341,1108,1132]" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Developmental traits</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF415AFA6F24E5" box="[128,1472,1141,1166]" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF415AFE9524E5" box="[128,314,1141,1166]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Larval type</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB2415AFDC424E5" box="[477,619,1141,1166]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Planktotrophic</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB415AFCBD24E5" box="[644,786,1141,1166]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Lecithotrophic</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF42415AFC6E24E5" box="[813,961,1141,1166]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Planktotrophic</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F947415AFA6F24E5" box="[1320,1472,1141,1166]" gridcol="7" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Lecithotrophicb</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF41B9FA6F24DB" box="[128,1472,1174,1200]" gridrow="31" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF41B9FE9524DB" box="[128,314,1174,1200]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Egg diameter</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB241B9FDC424DB" box="[477,619,1174,1200]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">62.0 ± 1.7</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021F94741B9FA6F24DB" box="[1320,1472,1174,1200]" gridcol="7" gridrow="31" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">112b</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF419AFA6F24A5" box="[128,1472,1205,1230]" gridrow="32" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF419AFE9524A5" box="[128,314,1205,1230]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(μm)</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB2419AFDC424A5" box="[477,619,1205,1230]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">61.6 ± 2.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF41FDFA6F2481" box="[128,1472,1234,1258]" gridrow="33" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF41FDFE952481" box="[128,314,1234,1258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(mean ± SEM)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF41DBFA6F2567" box="[128,1472,1268,1292]" gridrow="34" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF41DBFE952567" box="[128,314,1268,1292]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Shell diameter</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB241DBFDC42567" box="[477,619,1268,1292]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">101.9</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB41DBFCBD2567" box="[644,786,1268,1292]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">308.3</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FF4241DBFC6E2567" box="[813,961,1268,1292]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">143.3 ± 4.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF403DFA6F2541" box="[128,1472,1298,1322]" gridrow="35" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF403DFE952541" box="[128,314,1298,1322]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(μm)</th>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FDB2403DFDC42541" box="[477,619,1298,1322]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">μm ± 1.3</td>
<td id="768A5DD3FFA30021FEEB403DFCBD2541" box="[644,786,1298,1322]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">μm ± 4.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355B34AFFFA30021FCEF4000FA6F252C" box="[128,1472,1327,1351]" gridrow="36" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="768A5DD3FFA30021FCEF4000FE95252C" box="[128,314,1327,1351]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">(mean ± SEM)</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<tableNote id="768D3763FFA3FFC7FCEE404AFEED25E7" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" targetBox="[128,1472,189,1351]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA3FFC7FCEE404AFEBA251C" blockId="25.[129,322,1380,1420]" box="[129,277,1380,1399]" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<superScript id="7C1E9BA5FFA3FFC7FCEE404AFF78251C" attach="right" box="[129,215,1380,1399]" fontSize="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">aThompson</superScript>
(1977).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA3FFC7FCEE4055FEED25E7" blockId="25.[129,322,1380,1420]" box="[129,322,1401,1420]" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<superScript id="7C1E9BA5FFA3FFC7FCEE4055FF0025E7" attach="right" box="[129,175,1401,1420]" fontSize="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">bClark</superScript>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B1CFFA3FFC7FCBC4056FE9125E7" author="Jensen KR" box="[211,318,1401,1420]" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" pagination="190 - 9" refId="ref26372" refString="Jensen KR. Observations on feeding methods in some Florida ascoglossans. Journal of Molluscan Studies 1981; 47: 190 - 9." type="journal article" year="1981">Jensen (1981)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</tableNote>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA3FFC7FCEE4238FBF426DA" blockId="25.[129,778,1815,1964]" lastBlockId="25.[825,1474,1469,1775]" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FCEE4238FEFE2744" box="[129,337,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Internal morphology:</emphasis>
Buccal mass &lt;
<quantity id="4C939B08FFA3FFC7FD9B4238FD9B2745" box="[500,564,1815,1839]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
; buccal bulb slightly larger than pharyngeal pouch. Radula of
<specimenCount id="9D6DFD64FFA3FFC7FE094219FCA52725" box="[614,778,1846,1870]" count="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
(07PLA01,
<quantity id="4C939B08FFA3FFC7FC91427AFEE02706" box="[254,335,1877,1901]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long;
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FDF94279FDB52706" box="[406,538,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">LACM 3843</emphasis>
(isolate 07Stir02),
<quantity id="4C939B08FFA3FFC7FE85427AFF0527E7" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
long) both with five teeth on ascending limb and seven teeth on descending limb (
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA3FFC7FDF142BBFE5927C7" box="[414,502,1940,1964]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1605,1629]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-162@27.[129,1473,144,1577]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Cyerce piercei, radular scanning electron micrographs of LACM 3843 (isolate 07Stir02). A, complete radula, with ascus attached to descending limb. B, leading tooth. C, close-up view of ascus, slightly damaged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240959/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
). Teeth laterally flattened, shallow, wide at base but tapering; tip pointed, with dorsal inward groove between denticles (
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA3FFC7F8FF40F3FB48259F" box="[1168,1255,1500,1524]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1605,1629]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-162@27.[129,1473,144,1577]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Cyerce piercei, radular scanning electron micrographs of LACM 3843 (isolate 07Stir02). A, complete radula, with ascus attached to descending limb. B, leading tooth. C, close-up view of ascus, slightly damaged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240959/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
). Leading tooth 180 μm long on specimen
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7F87740D3FB39267F" box="[1048,1174,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">LACM 3843</emphasis>
, with 14 denticles splayed out along either side of cutting edge (
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA3FFC7F8FE4334FB492658" box="[1169,1254,1563,1587]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1605,1629]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-162@27.[129,1473,144,1577]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Cyerce piercei, radular scanning electron micrographs of LACM 3843 (isolate 07Stir02). A, complete radula, with ascus attached to descending limb. B, leading tooth. C, close-up view of ascus, slightly damaged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240959/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
). Denticles widening away from tooth, with notched margin; denticles angled out from tooth, more conical than square in shape, and increasing in size towards the tooth tip. Ascus with a dense jumble of ≥ 10 pre-radular teeth (
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA3FFC7FF9B43B7FBE426DB" box="[1012,1099,1688,1712]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1605,1629]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-162@27.[129,1473,144,1577]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Cyerce piercei, radular scanning electron micrographs of LACM 3843 (isolate 07Stir02). A, complete radula, with ascus attached to descending limb. B, leading tooth. C, close-up view of ascus, slightly damaged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240959/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA3FFC7FF3A4397FBF92684" blockId="25.[825,1474,1469,1775]" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
Penis with curved stylet embedded in tip, ~75 µm in length, with oval opening (
<figureCitation id="13502A68FFA3FFC7FF9043F8FBE92684" box="[1023,1094,1751,1775]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[115,180,1204,1228]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1176]" captionTargetId="figure-341@16.[114,1458,144,1176]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Stained and mounted penial stylets of Cyerce species from the Western Atlantic. Black arrow indicates stylet.A, Cyerce nicholasi, isolate 10Bim03. B, Cyerce piercei, isolate KM66. C, Cyerce ellingsonorum, isolate 06Jam05. D, Cyerce antillensis, isolate 10Bim01.E, Cyerce browneveorum, isolate 09Gei01.F, Cyerce willetteorum, isolate 07Stir01.G, Cyerce cf. cristallina, isolate B101." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240943/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA3FFC7F8364220FB0C2742" blockId="25.[825,1475,1807,1963]" box="[1113,1187,1807,1833]" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7F8364220FB0C2742" box="[1113,1187,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Ecology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA3FFC4FF56421AFDD1267F" blockId="25.[825,1475,1807,1963]" lastBlockId="26.[113,764,1469,1556]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="966" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FFA24219FB872726" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[973,1064,1846,1869]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piercei">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FFA24219FB872726" box="[973,1064,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">C. piercei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from shallow water at Tarpon Springs, FL fed on
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FFCB427AFB952706" box="[932,1082,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">
Pe.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FFA9427AFB952706" authorityName="Decaisne" authorityYear="1842" box="[966,1082,1877,1901]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lamourouxii">lamourouxii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7F802427AFB452707" authorityName="J. V. Lamouroux" authorityYear="1816" baseAuthorityName="J. Ellis" box="[1133,1258,1877,1900]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7F802427AFB452707" box="[1133,1258,1877,1900]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">H. incrassata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but not
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7F927427AFA122706" authorityName="M. Howe" authorityYear="1904" baseAuthorityName="J. Ellis &amp; Solander" box="[1352,1469,1877,1901]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="flabellum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7F927427AFA122706" box="[1352,1469,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">U. flabellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Specimens from Tarpon Springs, FL were also previously reported on
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FF3542BBFCD827C0" box="[858,887,1940,1963]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">Pe.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA3FFC7FF1242BBFB0F27C0" authority="(Barber et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Barber" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[893,1184,1939,1963]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capitatus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7FF1242BBFC7C27C0" box="[893,979,1940,1963]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">capitatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B1CFFA3FFC7FF8C42BCFB3A27C0" author="Barber K &amp; Middlebrooks M &amp; Bell S" box="[995,1173,1939,1963]" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" pagination="158 - 67" refId="ref24759" refString="Barber K, Middlebrooks M, Bell S et al. The specialist marine herbivore Elysia papillosa grows faster on a less utilized algal diet. Biological Bulletin 2021; 241: 158 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 716508" type="journal article" year="2021">
Barber
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA3FFC7F84242BBFBF327C0" box="[1069,1116,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="965">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. At ~
<quantity id="4C939B08FFA3FFC7F8B642BCFAA127C0" box="[1241,1294,1939,1963]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="965" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
depth offshore of St. Petersburg, FL, specimens were collected on
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA0FFC4FE0A4091FD0025BE" authorityName="D. S. Littler &amp; M. M. Littler" authorityYear="1990" box="[613,687,1469,1493]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="luna">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4FE0A4091FD0025BE" box="[613,687,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">U. luna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA0FFC4FE8B4091FF16259E" authorityName="D. Littler &amp; M. Littler" authorityYear="1990" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="looensis">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4FE8B4091FF16259E" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">U. looensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Specimens survived well on either
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4FE4640F2FD6F259E" box="[553,704,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">
Pe.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA0FFC4FE2340F2FD6F259E" authorityName="Decaisne" authorityYear="1842" box="[588,704,1501,1525]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lamourouxii">lamourouxii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA0FFC4FE8B40F2FF16267F" authorityName="D. Littler &amp; M. Littler" authorityYear="1990" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="looensis">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4FE8B40F2FF16267F" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">U. looensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the laboratory regardless of their field host.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF146665FFA0FFC4FC1E400EFDF825E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240957" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240957/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" startId="26.[113,178,1313,1337]" targetBox="[114,1458,145,1285]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA0FFC4FC1E400EFDF825E6" blockId="26.[113,1452,1313,1421]" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4FC1E400EFEF22552" bold="true" box="[113,349,1313,1337]" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">
Figure 14.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA0FFC4FCB5400EFEF22552" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[218,349,1313,1337]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piercei">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4FCB5400EFEF22552" bold="true" box="[218,349,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">Cyerce piercei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, live specimens. A, B, dorsal views of specimen collected on
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA0FFC4FFFA400EFBF32552" authorityName="Decaisne" authorityYear="1842" box="[917,1116,1313,1337]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lamourouxii">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4FFFA400EFBF32552" box="[917,1116,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">Penicillus lamourouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Tarpon Springs, FL, USA; actual size, 9 mm. A, photographed with lighting from above. B, photographed with oblique lighting. C, D, dorsal view of specimen collected on
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA0FFC4FC1E4076FF52251A" authorityName="D. Littler &amp; M. Littler" authorityYear="1990" box="[113,253,1369,1393]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="looensis">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4FC1E4076FF52251A" box="[113,253,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">Udotea looensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at 15 m depth from Marys Ledge reef, offshore of St. Petersburg, FL, USA; actual size, 7 mm. C, photographed with lighting from above. D, photographed with oblique lighting.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA0FFC4FD19431CFE5A2626" blockId="26.[374,501,1587,1613]" box="[374,501,1587,1613]" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4FD19431CFE5A2626" box="[374,501,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">Reproduction</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA0FFC4FC1E4375FD562745" blockId="26.[113,764,1626,1838]" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">
Several clutches were laid by specimens collected from
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4FEB14374FF4826FA" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">
Pe.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA0FFC4FC1E4356FF4826FA" authorityName="Decaisne" authorityYear="1842" box="[113,231,1657,1681]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lamourouxii">lamourouxii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
in Tarpon Springs, FL in 2020. The egg masses lacked extracapsular yolk and had one embryo per capsule. Larvae appeared planktotrophic, lacking eyespots or a developed propodium, and the mean ± SE larval shell width across the aperture was 143.3.3 ± 4.4 µm (
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4FDEA43D8FE372765" box="[389,408,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">N</emphasis>
= 11) for one clutch at hatching, in the size range for planktotrophic sacoglossans (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B1CFFA0FFC4FE254239FD472745" author="Krug PJ &amp; Vendetti JE &amp; Ellingson RA" box="[586,744,1814,1838]" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" pagination="983 - 99" refId="ref26916" refString="Krug PJ, Vendetti JE, Ellingson RA et al. Species selection favors dispersive life histories in sea slugs, but higher per-offspring investment drives shifts to short-lived larvae. Systematic Biology 2015; 64: 983 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syv 046" type="journal article" year="2015">
Krug
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4FEEC4238FD1E2745" box="[643,689,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA0FFC4FDEC4262FE46270C" blockId="26.[387,489,1869,1895]" box="[387,489,1869,1895]" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4FDEC4262FE46270C" box="[387,489,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA0FFC4FC1E425BFB38265F" blockId="26.[113,762,1908,1963]" lastBlockId="26.[810,1459,1469,1588]" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">
Named in honour of Sidney K. Pierce, in recognition of his distinguished career, including seminal contributions to the study of kleptoplasty in sacoglossans, and for all his support of our work. Dr Pierce was a long-term researcher in the Tampa
<collectingRegion id="49AFF80FFFA0FFC4F9E240F2FA1C259E" box="[1421,1459,1501,1525]" country="Cayman Islands" name="West Bay" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">Bay</collectingRegion>
area, served as a mentor to M.M. and gave P.J.K. his first specimen of this species&gt; 15 years ago.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA0FFC4F82B437CFB372606" blockId="26.[810,1459,1619,1963]" box="[1092,1176,1619,1645]" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4F82B437CFB372606" box="[1092,1176,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA0FFC5FF454355FDE12754" blockId="26.[810,1459,1619,1963]" lastBlockId="27.[129,778,1705,1980]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="967" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA0FFC4FF454355FC1F26FA" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[810,944,1658,1681]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piercei">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4FF454355FC1F26FA" box="[810,944,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">Cyerce piercei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was supported as distinct by all species delimitation analyses and was recovered as the sister clade to a lineage of four Western Atlantic species (all the complex members except
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA0FFC4FF3143F7FC722684" authorityName="sensu Engel" authorityYear="1927" box="[862,989,1751,1775]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antillensis">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4FF3143F7FC722684" box="[862,989,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">C. antillensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In external morphology,
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA0FFC4F89443F7FAF72684" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[1275,1368,1752,1775]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piercei">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4F89443F7FAF72684" box="[1275,1368,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">C. piercei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was differentiated from the similar
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA0FFC4F82843D8FB172764" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[1095,1208,1783,1807]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nicholasi">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4F82843D8FB172764" box="[1095,1208,1783,1807]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">C. nicholasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA0FFC4F88643D8FA3B2764" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[1257,1428,1783,1807]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="browneveorum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4F88643D8FA3B2764" box="[1257,1428,1783,1807]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">C. browneveorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a triangular dark patch extending forwards from the eyes to the front of the head, dividing the medial plane between the eyes, and extending posteriorly around the pericardium.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA0FFC4F91C427AFCD027E7" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="966" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nicholasi">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA0FFC4F91C427AFCD027E7" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="966">Cyerce nicholasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a thin V-shaped brown to burgundy line across the head, but anterior to that line the head is white or pale in colour, and the eyes are not clearly separated by a dark patch; the pericardium is also white in ground colour. In
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA1FFC5FE2C43E6FD5F268A" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[579,752,1737,1761]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="967" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="browneveorum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA1FFC5FE2C43E6FD5F268A" box="[579,752,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="967">C. browneveorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a thicker burgundy line separates the eyes and extends up each rhinophore in a Y-shape, but the anterior of the head is white, and the pericardium is light in ground colour.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF146665FFA1FFC5FCEE436AFCF12612" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240959" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240959/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="967" startId="27.[129,194,1605,1629]" targetBox="[129,1473,144,1577]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA1FFC5FCEE436AFCF12612" blockId="27.[129,1462,1605,1658]" pageId="27" pageNumber="967">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA1FFC5FCEE436AFEC32636" bold="true" box="[129,364,1605,1629]" pageId="27" pageNumber="967">
Figure 15.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA1FFC5FC86436AFEC32636" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[233,364,1605,1629]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="967" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piercei">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA1FFC5FC86436AFEC32636" bold="true" box="[233,364,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="967">Cyerce piercei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, radular scanning electron micrographs of
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA1FFC5FE924369FCDC2635" box="[765,883,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="967">LACM 3843</emphasis>
(isolate 07Stir02). A, complete radula, with ascus attached to descending limb. B, leading tooth. C, close-up view of ascus, slightly damaged.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD436EDFFA1FFC5FCF34269FAD6268B" blockId="27.[129,778,1705,1980]" lastBlockId="27.[825,1474,1705,1761]" pageId="27" pageNumber="967">
Radular morphology is very similar between
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA1FFC5FE0A4269FD122735" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[613,701,1862,1886]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="967" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piercei">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA1FFC5FE0A4269FD122735" box="[613,701,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="967">C. piercei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA1FFC5FE9B4269FF762716" authorityName="sensu Engel" authorityYear="1927" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="967" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antillensis">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA1FFC5FE9B4269FF762716" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="967">C. antillensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,butthedenticlesaremoreelongatedandangledin
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA1FFC5FED84249FCA62716" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[695,777,1894,1917]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="967" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piercei">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA1FFC5FED84249FCA62716" box="[695,777,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="967">C.piercei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. shorter and more squared off in
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA1FFC5FDBB42AAFDE827F6" authorityName="sensu Engel" authorityYear="1927" box="[468,583,1925,1949]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="967" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antillensis">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA1FFC5FDBB42AAFDE827F6" box="[468,583,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="967">C. antillensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The penial stylet of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA1FFC5FCEE428BFF7927D7" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[129,214,1956,1980]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="967" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piercei">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA1FFC5FCEE428BFF7927D7" box="[129,214,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="967">C. piercei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was deeply embedded in tissue and thus difficult to view, but appeared longer and more curved than the embedded, straighter stylets of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA1FFC5FFFD43E6FBAC268A" authorityName="sensu Engel" authorityYear="1927" box="[914,1027,1737,1761]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="967" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antillensis">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA1FFC5FFFD43E6FBAC268A" box="[914,1027,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="967">C. antillensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA1FFC5F86243E6FB0A268A" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[1037,1189,1737,1761]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="967" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ellingsonorum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA1FFC5F86243E6FB0A268A" box="[1037,1189,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="967">C. ellingsonorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D6EFFA1FFC5F8BD43E6FADC268A" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Rico &amp; Middlebrooks &amp; Medrano &amp; Valdés &amp; Krug" authorityYear="2024" box="[1234,1395,1737,1761]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hermaeidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="967" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="browneveorum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAFFFFA1FFC5F8BD43E6FADC268A" box="[1234,1395,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="967">C. browneveorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>