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<mods:title id="9466E2B1B0E7608CF140C7F25C6BDD4B">SEM study of species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Kirchenpaueriidae), with an annotated checklist of the species of the genus</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D5328297C34D4F48A862F0A78EB" ID-CoL="6TD9R" authority="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,792,151,178]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="erratum">
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<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D4F48A862D9478E8" bold="true" box="[151,390,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Oswaldella erratum</emphasis>
Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D5328297C34D4F48ACF2EFE78AD" ID-CoL="6TD9R" authority="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997: 273" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityPageNumber="273" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,748,222,245]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="erratum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D4F48ACF2D7678AC" box="[151,356,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Oswaldella erratum</emphasis>
Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997: 273
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276; 1998: 36; 2004: 827830, figs 6, 7; Peña Cantero &amp; García
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<paragraph id="8BD436D028297C34D4A48AEC298E7909" blockId="34.[151,1436,222,429]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D4A48AEC2D6A794A" author="Carrascosa" box="[199,376,253,275]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. (1999) Biogeographical distribution of the benthic thecate hydroids collected during the Spanish ' Antartida 8611 ' expedition and comparison between Antarctic and Magellan benthic hydroid faunas. Scientia Marina, 63 (Supplement), 209 - 218." type="journal article" year="1999">Carrascosa, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 214;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D5D58AEF2EE8794A" author="Pena" box="[438,762,253,275]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Marques, A. C. (1999) Phylogenetic analysis of the Antarctic genus Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Hydrozoa, Leptomedusae, Kirchenpaueriidae). Contributions to Zoology, 68, 83 - 93." type="journal article" year="1999">Peña Cantero &amp; Marques, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 85;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D74A8AEF282F794A" author="Pena" box="[809,1085,253,275]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Gili, J. M. (2006) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from off Bouvet Island (Antarctic Ocean). Polar Biology, 29, 764 - 771. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 006 - 0113 - x" type="journal article" year="2006">Peña Cantero &amp; Gili, 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 767;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D01A8AEF2951794A" author="Pena" box="[1145,1347,253,275]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero, 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 457.
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<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D4F48B0D2D49796B" box="[151,347,284,306]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Oswaldella billardi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D5158B0D2DE7796B" author="Broch" box="[374,501,284,306]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Broch, H. (1948) Antarctic hydroids. Scientific Results of the Norwegian Antartic Expeditions 1927 - 1928, et sqq., 28, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1948">Broch, 1948</bibRefCitation>
: 1316, fig. 4b; Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D74A8B0C2F47796B" box="[809,853,284,306]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">et al</emphasis>
., 1997: 349353, figs 2, 13b.
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<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D4F48B2B2DC97909" box="[151,475,314,336]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Oswaldella billardi shetlandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
p.p.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D6718B2B2ED97909" author="Stepanjants" box="[530,715,314,336]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological Results of the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), pp. 1 - 200, pls. 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants, 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 114, pl. 21 fig. 3b, c (only a part belongs to
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<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D0C88B2B298E7909" box="[1195,1436,314,336]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Oswaldella shetlandica</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D4A48B482D6D7936" author="Stepanjants" box="[199,383,345,367]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological Results of the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), pp. 1 - 200, pls. 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants, 1979</bibRefCitation>
).
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<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D4F48B692D4979D7" box="[151,347,376,398]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Oswaldella billardi</emphasis>
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p.p.
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C128297C34D5ED8B692E2979D7" author="Blanco" box="[398,571,376,398]" page="45" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D5ED8B692E0A79D7" author="Blanco" box="[398,536,376,398]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Blanco, O. M. (1984) Contribucion al conocimiento de hidrozoos antarticos y subantarticos. Contribuciones del Instituto antartico argentino, 294, 1 - 53, pls. 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1984">Blanco, 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 45
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46, pl. 42 figs 96, 97 (partly
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<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D7098B69284B79D7" box="[874,1113,376,398]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Oswaldella shetlandica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D03C8B69290479D7" author="Stepanjants" box="[1119,1302,376,398]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological Results of the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), pp. 1 - 200, pls. 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D4F48B872D9D79F4" box="[151,399,406,429]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Polyplumaria antarctica</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C128297C34D5C98B872E4479F5" author="Billard" box="[426,598,406,428]" page="28" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" year="1914">
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: 28
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31, fig. 17.
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<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D4F48BC82CE979AB" bold="true" box="[151,251,473,498]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Ecology.</emphasis>
Shelf and slope species found at depths between 55 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D7008BC828DB79A8" author="Pena" box="[867,1225,473,497]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
) and
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(Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D4948BEF2D3A7A4F" box="[247,296,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">et al</emphasis>
. 1997) on different bottoms [mud and sand (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D77C8BEC2FBA7A4F" author="Broch" box="[799,936,509,534]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Broch, H. (1948) Antarctic hydroids. Scientific Results of the Norwegian Antartic Expeditions 1927 - 1928, et sqq., 28, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1948">Broch 1948</bibRefCitation>
), mud and pebbles (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D0EA8BEC290E7A4F" author="Billard" box="[1161,1308,509,534]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Billard, A. (1914) Hydroides. In: Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1908 - 1910), commandee par le Dr Jean Charcot. Masson et Cie, Paris, pp. 1 - 34." type="book chapter" year="1914">Billard 1914</bibRefCitation>
), rocks and stones (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D5F588332DD97A63" box="[406,459,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">et al</emphasis>
. 1997)]. Epilithic on gravel (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D747883028877A60" author="Pena" box="[804,1173,545,569]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D0C8883029207A63" box="[1195,1330,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Gonothecae</emphasis>
: January (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D4FD88572E187A07" author="Pena" box="[158,522,582,606]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D67A88572EEB7A07" author="Pena" box="[537,761,582,606]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero 2008</bibRefCitation>
), February (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D7E5885728E07A07" author="Pena" box="[902,1266,582,606]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
), March (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D495887B2D3A7ADB" box="[246,296,617,642]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">et al</emphasis>
. 1997;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D51F887B2ECB7ADB" author="Pena" box="[380,729,618,642]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
) and November (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D7FF8878283C7ADB" author="Billard" box="[924,1070,617,642]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Billard, A. (1914) Hydroides. In: Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1908 - 1910), commandee par le Dr Jean Charcot. Masson et Cie, Paris, pp. 1 - 34." type="book chapter" year="1914">Billard 1914</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371655B28297C34D4A4889C2CCD7B03" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD436D028297C34D4A4889C2CCD7B03" blockId="34.[151,1436,473,858]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D4A4889C2D727AFF" bold="true" box="[199,352,653,678]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Distribution.</emphasis>
West
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028297C34D5C5889C2E1C7AFF" box="[422,526,653,678]" name="Antarctica" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D67E889F2F6D7AFF" author="Pena" box="[541,895,654,678]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
), found in Roosen Channel,
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028297C34D0DC889C29357AFF" box="[1215,1319,653,678]" name="Antarctica" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Peninsula (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D4FD88A02D257A93" author="Billard" box="[158,311,689,714]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Billard, A. (1914) Hydroides. In: Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1908 - 1910), commandee par le Dr Jean Charcot. Masson et Cie, Paris, pp. 1 - 34." type="book chapter" year="1914">Billard 1914</bibRefCitation>
), Palmer Archipelago and Biscoe Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D75488A328A27A93" author="Pena" box="[823,1200,690,714]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
), off Trinity
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028297C34D13388A029857A93" box="[1360,1431,689,714]" name="Iceland" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Island</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028297C34D4F488C42CED7AB7" box="[151,255,725,750]" name="Antarctica" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Peninsula (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D5F088C72E6D7AB7" author="Pena" box="[403,639,726,750]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero 2008</bibRefCitation>
), off Petermann
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028297C34D73188C42F847AB7" box="[850,918,725,750]" name="Iceland" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Island</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D7CD88C428587AB7" author="Blanco" box="[942,1098,725,750]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Blanco, O. M. (1984) Contribucion al conocimiento de hidrozoos antarticos y subantarticos. Contribuciones del Instituto antartico argentino, 294, 1 - 53, pls. 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1984">Blanco 1984</bibRefCitation>
), the South
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028297C34D08A88C4298E7AB7" box="[1257,1436,725,750]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D4FD88E82D717B4B" author="Stepanjants" box="[158,355,761,786]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological Results of the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), pp. 1 - 200, pls. 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants 1979</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028297C34D51588E82EB87B4B" box="[374,682,761,786]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">the South Sandwich Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D6DB88EB28047B4B" author="Pena" box="[696,1046,762,786]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
), the Weddell Sea (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228297C34D1EB88EB2CBF7B6F" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">et al</emphasis>
. 1997; present material), off
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028297C34D666890F2E447B6C" box="[517,598,798,821]" name="Bouvet Island" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Bouvet</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D60B890C2EE67B6F" author="Broch" box="[616,756,797,822]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Broch, H. (1948) Antarctic hydroids. Scientific Results of the Norwegian Antartic Expeditions 1927 - 1928, et sqq., 28, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1948">Broch 1948</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D760890F282A7B6F" author="Pena" box="[771,1080,797,822]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Gili, J. M. (2006) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from off Bouvet Island (Antarctic Ocean). Polar Biology, 29, 764 - 771. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 006 - 0113 - x" type="journal article" year="2006">Peña Cantero &amp; Gili 2006</bibRefCitation>
) and off Peter I
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028297C34D09C890C29517B6F" box="[1279,1347,797,822]" name="Iceland" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Island</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128297C34D135890C2CC17B03" author="Broch" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refString="Broch, H. (1948) Antarctic hydroids. Scientific Results of the Norwegian Antartic Expeditions 1927 - 1928, et sqq., 28, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1948">Broch 1948</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>