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<document id="5B888D9BDCED4738915C93D25CDD424A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="93f6d085-8e63-4d1e-89c1-f950128b2a61" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="245887" ID-ZooBank="47EF6E9D-9064-4899-B3DD-276FF7C969EB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461351539127" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Molinero, A. González &amp; Peña Cantero, A. L." docDate="2015" docId="03C287C628047C04D4F48F932D2E7944" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04052p441.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4052 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Oswaldella rigida Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort 1997" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="419" masterDocId="FFFBFFBE280B7C16D4638A112C127859" masterDocTitle="SEM study of species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Kirchenpaueriidae), with an annotated checklist of the species of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="441" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="416" updateTime="1698622027685" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E91FC12E8C8F4D543ACE20DFF761EAC1">SEM study of species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Kirchenpaueriidae), with an annotated checklist of the species of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FAAEF9BFB14E89464817E4E3771A29FB">Molinero, A. González</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C287C628047C04D4F48F932D2E7944" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107471" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119646521" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107471" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287C628047C04D4F48F932D2E7944" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287C628047C04D4F48F932D2E7944" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<subSubSection id="C371655B28047C19D4F48F932DA17DE7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD436D028047C19D4F48F932F6A7DC4" blockId="15.[151,888,1410,1470]" box="[151,888,1410,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<heading id="D09C81BC28047C19D4F48F932F6A7DC4" bold="true" box="[151,888,1410,1437]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D5328047C19D4F48F932F6A7DC4" ID-CoL="6TCJL" authority="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,888,1410,1437]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228047C19D4F48F932F6A7DC4" bold="true" box="[151,888,1410,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228047C19D4F48F932D7E7DC5" bold="true" box="[151,364,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Oswaldella rigida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128047C19D5108F922F6A7DC4" author="Pena" box="[371,888,1411,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L., Svoboda, A. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1997) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from recent antarctic expeditions with R. V. ' Polarstern', with the description of eight new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 119, 339 - 388. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1997. tb 00140. x" type="journal article" year="1997">Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D028047C19D4F48FB42DA17DE7" blockId="15.[151,888,1410,1470]" box="[151,435,1445,1470]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
(
<figureCitation id="13502A5528047C19D4FC8FB42CE67DE7" box="[159,244,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1857,1879]" captionTargetBox="[268,1319,193,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[268,1320,193,1836]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Oswaldella rigida Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline apophysis showing axillary nematophores; D – E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D lateral view, E frontal view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, detail of hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior nematophore. Scale bar: 800 µm (A), 100 µm (B, D – E) and 10 µm (C – F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245898/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Figs 11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13502A5528047C19D5638FB42D0E7DE7" box="[256,284,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1333,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 16. Detail of the area from which mesial nematophore emerges. A, Oswaldella bifurca; B, Oswaldella delicata; C, Oswaldella elongata; D, Oswaldella erratum; E, Oswaldella frigida; F, Oswaldella garciacarrascosai; G, Oswaldella grandis; H, Oswaldella incognita; I, Oswaldella laertesi; J, Oswaldella niobae; K, Oswaldella rigida; L, Oswaldella shetlandica; M, Oswaldella stepanjantsae; N, Oswaldella vervoorti; O, Oswaldella sp. Scale bar: 20 µm (A – O)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245903/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">16</figureCitation>
K, 18C, 20C)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371655B28047C19D4F48FFC2F0D7E70" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD436D028047C19D4F48FFC2F0D7E70" blockId="15.[151,1437,1517,1974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228047C19D4F48FFC2D9B7E5F" bold="true" box="[151,393,1517,1542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028047C19D5FA8FFF2E257E5F" box="[409,567,1517,1542]" name="New Zealand" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028047C19D6248FFC2EBD7E5F" box="[583,687,1517,1542]" name="Antarctica" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Expedition TAN0402:
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228047C19D7B28FFC28307E5F" bold="true" box="[977,1058,1517,1542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Stn 88</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D5328047C19D0588FFF28B47E5C" box="[1083,1190,1518,1541]" class="Arachnida" family="Uloboridae" genus="Tangaroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228047C19D0588FFF28B47E5C" box="[1083,1190,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Tangaroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFD5101028047C19D0DF8FFF298A7E5F" box="[1212,1432,1517,1542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="2004-02-14">14 February 2004</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F501728047C19D4F48C002D057E73" box="[151,279,1553,1578]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="15" value="-72.10722">72°05'86''S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F501728047C19D5408C002DA27E73" box="[291,432,1553,1578]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="15" value="172.93918">172°55'81''E</geoCoordinate>
(Cape Adare, Ross Sea),
<specimenCount id="9D6DFD5928047C19D6B28C002F0D7E70" box="[721,799,1553,1578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="generic">
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C371655B28047C19D4A48C242F3F7FC8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD436D028047C19D4A48C2428247ECF" blockId="15.[151,1437,1517,1974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228047C19D4A48C242D4B7E17" bold="true" box="[199,345,1589,1614]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Description.</emphasis>
Monosiphonic, usually unbranched stems, up to
<quantity id="4C939B3528047C19D7EF8C272FF97E14" box="[908,1003,1590,1614]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="mm" value="210.0">210 mm</quantity>
high, usually divided into internodes. Angle between cauline apophyses and stem 70–90°. Perisarc strongly developed. Cauline apophyses with two axillary nematophores, each emerging through simple perisarc holes (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528047C19D7C08C6C2FE37ECF" box="[931,1009,1661,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1857,1879]" captionTargetBox="[268,1319,193,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[268,1320,193,1836]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Oswaldella rigida Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline apophysis showing axillary nematophores; D – E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D lateral view, E frontal view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, detail of hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior nematophore. Scale bar: 800 µm (A), 100 µm (B, D – E) and 10 µm (C – F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245898/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
B–C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D028047C19D4A48CB02E467F37" blockId="15.[151,1437,1517,1974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
Hydrocladia typically bifurcated (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528047C19D63B8CB02EBD7EE3" box="[600,687,1697,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1857,1879]" captionTargetBox="[268,1319,193,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[268,1320,193,1836]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Oswaldella rigida Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline apophysis showing axillary nematophores; D – E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D lateral view, E frontal view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, detail of hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior nematophore. Scale bar: 800 µm (A), 100 µm (B, D – E) and 10 µm (C – F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245898/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A), but up to third-order branching present. First hydrocladial internode bifurcated, with two similar prongs (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528047C19D6D88CD42F027E87" box="[699,784,1733,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1857,1879]" captionTargetBox="[268,1319,193,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[268,1320,193,1836]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Oswaldella rigida Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline apophysis showing axillary nematophores; D – E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D lateral view, E frontal view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, detail of hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior nematophore. Scale bar: 800 µm (A), 100 µm (B, D – E) and 10 µm (C – F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245898/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
B). Mesial inferior nematophore emerging from marked swelling at proximal third of internode (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528047C19D6368CF82EB67F5B" box="[597,676,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1857,1879]" captionTargetBox="[268,1319,193,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[268,1320,193,1836]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Oswaldella rigida Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline apophysis showing axillary nematophores; D – E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D lateral view, E frontal view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, detail of hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior nematophore. Scale bar: 800 µm (A), 100 µm (B, D – E) and 10 µm (C – F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245898/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
D); with strongly developed nematotheca (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528047C19D0E18CF828C37F5B" box="[1154,1233,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1857,1879]" captionTargetBox="[268,1319,193,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[268,1320,193,1836]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Oswaldella rigida Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline apophysis showing axillary nematophores; D – E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D lateral view, E frontal view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, detail of hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior nematophore. Scale bar: 800 µm (A), 100 µm (B, D – E) and 10 µm (C – F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245898/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
D, F). Hydrotheca elongate, roughly placed on middle of internode. Stony appearance. Abcauline wall straight, but convex at basal part. Hydrothecal aperture circular, roughly perpendicular to long axis of internode (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528047C19D02E8D2028897F13" box="[1101,1179,1841,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1857,1879]" captionTargetBox="[268,1319,193,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[268,1320,193,1836]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Oswaldella rigida Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline apophysis showing axillary nematophores; D – E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D lateral view, E frontal view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, detail of hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior nematophore. Scale bar: 800 µm (A), 100 µm (B, D – E) and 10 µm (C – F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245898/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
D–E, G); rim typically uneven, with slight adcauline elevation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D028047C19D4A48D682F3F7FC8" blockId="15.[151,1437,1517,1974]" box="[199,813,1913,1938]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Gonothecae elongated with large subterminal aperture.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371655B28047C04D4A48D8C2D2E7944" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD436D028047C19D4A48D8C28DD7FEF" blockId="15.[151,1437,1517,1974]" box="[199,1231,1949,1974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228047C19D4A48D8C2D297FEF" bold="true" box="[199,315,1949,1974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Remarks.</emphasis>
The most striking feature of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D5328047C19D6E28D8F2EFA7FEF" box="[641,744,1949,1974]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228047C19D6E28D8F2EFA7FEF" box="[641,744,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028047C19D6E28D8F2E8A7FEC" box="[641,664,1950,1973]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">O</collectingCountry>
. rigida
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the strong stony appearance under SEM.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF146658281B7C06D4F48D7F2D877FB9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245897/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" targetBox="[253,1333,193,1880]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BD436D0281B7C06D4F48D7F2D877FB9" blockId="16.[151,1436,1902,2016]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2281B7C06D4F48D7F2D307FDA" bold="true" box="[151,290,1902,1924]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53281B7C06D54F8D7F2F3E7FDD" authority="Pena Cantero &amp; Ramil, 2006" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2006" box="[300,812,1902,1924]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="niobae">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2281B7C06D54F8D7F2DFC7FDD" box="[300,494,1902,1924]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Oswaldella niobae</emphasis>
Peña Cantero &amp; Ramil, 2006
</taxonomicName>
. A, stem fragment with hydrocladium showing hydrothecal arrangement; B, cauline apophyses showing two axillary nematophores and one ‘mamelon’; C, cauline apophysis with a single axillary nematophore; D–E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D frontal view, E lateral view). Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 100 µm (D–E) and 20 µm (B–C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF146658281A7C07D4F48D502D797F85" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245898/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" targetBox="[268,1319,193,1835]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8BD436D0281A7C07D4F48D502D797F85" blockId="17.[151,1436,1857,2012]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2281A7C07D4F48D502D307F0F" bold="true" box="[151,290,1857,1879]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53281A7C07D54E8D502FA17F0E" authority="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[301,947,1857,1879]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2281A7C07D54E8D502DFB7F0E" box="[301,489,1857,1879]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Oswaldella rigida</emphasis>
Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997
</taxonomicName>
. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline apophysis showing axillary nematophores; D–E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D lateral view, E frontal view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, detail of hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior nematophore. Scale bar: 800 µm (A), 100 µm (B, D– E) and 10 µm (C–F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD436D028197C04D4A48A892D2E7944" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
We have observed two axillary nematophores on every cauline apophysis examined (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528197C04D09D8A86294578E9" box="[1278,1367,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1857,1879]" captionTargetBox="[268,1319,193,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[268,1320,193,1836]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Oswaldella rigida Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline apophysis showing axillary nematophores; D – E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D lateral view, E frontal view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, detail of hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior nematophore. Scale bar: 800 µm (A), 100 µm (B, D – E) and 10 µm (C – F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245898/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
B–C). Nevertheless, Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228197C04D5B88AAC2E1C788C" box="[475,526,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">et al</emphasis>
. (1997) indicated that apophyses with a single axillary nematophore were also present. In this sense, it is worth mentioning that we have also observed a tendency to fusion of the two axillary nematophores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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