297 lines
64 KiB
XML
297 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="F9D9CF9B0B8990B99C5671170A421115" ID-CLB-Dataset="299061" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.12118784" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2b921c3c-8618-439e-96da-1de9c66a90f9" ID-ISSN="0026-279X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12118784" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1718742264011" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lobban, Christopher S. & Witkowski, Andrzej" docDate="2023" docId="03C287AAFFFB0B0FFF357E53FEF3FB15" docLanguage="en" docName="Micronesica.2023.02.1-75.pdf" docOrigin="Micronesica 2023 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:73477DD41873F4E732E2765E250AF97D.1:Micronesica.2013-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="73477DD41873F4E732E2765E250AF97D" docStyleName="Micronesica.2013-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Dictyoneis apapae Lobban & Witkowski 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFFBFFD2FFFC0B07FFD37D20FF9BFFCC" masterDocTitle="Marine benthic diatoms of Guam: new records, Dictyoneis apapae sp. nov., and updates to the checklist" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1719584991735" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1061188327170869993676B4126E0612">
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<mods:title id="CBC0DD44FE55CAF390CA59FA108D982B">Marine benthic diatoms of Guam: new records, Dictyoneis apapae sp. nov., and updates to the checklist</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B2885C7CB54282905B3A367799947227" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1B78097329267A8AF2D25104ADAD21B8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5AA2381830142EDA34A09E1E0807AF9D">Lobban, Christopher S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AF7443218B240FBAFA169751B64AA22E">Division of Natural Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA clobban @ triton. uog. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="033DA5C281523EE3E003CA5CE8EACF20" type="email">clobban@triton.uog.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="33E6D6B5228459D462DBC2C3AEA368FE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6DD49F070614B1E92D61930932DF06A2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="56B062EF7F30D9DA831F9A23C9BC97CF">Witkowski, Andrzej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="87BBA6675CD4851A78B56EDBB9A54A87">University of Szczecin, Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences Mickiewicza 16 a, PL 70 - 383 Szczecin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A68BAAF63F161F13E7ECB4CA4F4CD0B8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1F852AB62CDF51F44581A746853313BB">Micronesica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="CA136919EA171852EF686C5CB5947057">
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<mods:date id="BDC9FBD99F37DE8DAD25E687219B874D">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4C347716D8444580861D1BE428CD2C2C">2024-06-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="30F3083BA054C2B3261AAD0698B736C4">2023</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BF65C59A2BCAE5314D9F9754BCE95DA0" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="ADF6FA7A3C28FA31F626FE593CC44E04">2</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="46C51CA1FA514032BD03A241706D18FE" type="CLB-Dataset">299061</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1C1A3034DD9149A9FC5B808334963941" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.12118784</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="849E8A13B75F3D2C0FF998242D95F258" type="GBIF-Dataset">2b921c3c-8618-439e-96da-1de9c66a90f9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C287AAFFFB0B0FFF357E53FEF3FB15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581854" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233850938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12581854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287AAFFFB0B0FFF357E53FEF3FB15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287AAFFFB0B0FFF357E53FEF3FB15" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C3716537FFFB0B00FF357E53FAE2FC41" box="[230,1401,883,909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD436BCFFFB0B00FF357E53FAE2FC41" blockId="7.[230,1401,883,909]" box="[230,1401,883,909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D09C81D0FFFB0B00FF357E53FAE2FC41" box="[230,1401,883,909]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFFB0B00FF357E53FD01FC41" bold="true" box="[230,666,883,909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFFB0B00FF357E53FDB5FC41" authority="Lobban" authorityName="Lobban & Witkowski" authorityYear="2023" box="[230,558,883,909]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Dictyoneidaceae" genus="Dictyoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dictyoneidales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="apapae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFFB0B00FF357E53FE58FC41" bold="true" box="[230,451,883,909]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dictyoneis apapae</emphasis>
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Lobban
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C57D5FFFB0B00FDE87E53FD01FC41" box="[571,666,883,909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FB957E53FAE2FC41" box="[1094,1401,883,909]" captionStart-0="Figures 44–49" captionStart-1="Figures 50–58" captionStartId-0="51.[290,370,913,937]" captionStartId-1="53.[290,370,868,892]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]" captionTargetPageId-0="52" captionTargetPageId-1="54" captionText-0="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm." captionText-1="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 44–50, 52–55, 57, 58</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3716537FFFB0B00FF357EBDFDA9FC37" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD436BCFFFB0B00FF357EBDFDA9FC37" blockId="7.[230,1402,925,1019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Diagnosis: Differing from
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFFB0B00FDF77EBDFCBFFC7B" box="[548,804,925,951]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Dictyoneidaceae" genus="Dictyoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dictyoneidales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
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<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFFB0B00FDF77EBDFCBFFC7B" box="[548,804,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dictyoneis marginata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the broadly lanceolate outline, absence of field of small pseudoloculi around the central area, and smaller outer openings of the pseudoloculi, especially along the margin.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3716537FFFB0B00FF35792BFE59FBA4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD436BCFFFB0B00FF35792BFE59FBA4" blockId="7.[230,1402,1035,1128]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<materialsCitation id="3B033CE1FFFB0B00FF35792BFE59FBA4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899943301" collectionCode="GC" county="Specimen" location="Academy of Natural Sciences" municipality="Diatom Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="GC20106" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="'Amman" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54D0881EFFFB0B00FF35792BFEC3FBE9" box="[230,344,1035,1061]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCounty id="62B54E30FFFB0B00FEB6792BFE42FBE9" box="[357,473,1035,1061]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Specimen</collectingCounty>
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at 10.2 mm E and 6.0 mm S of the mark on slide 3056, deposited at
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BB0ACC6FFFB0B00FAF1792BFEF8FB8A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diatom Collection</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8EB46067FFFB0B00FEA7790CFD7AFB8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287AAFFFB0B0FFF357E53FEF3FB15:8EB46067FFFB0B00FEA7790CFD7AFB8A" box="[372,737,1068,1094]" county="Specimen" municipality="Diatom Collection" name="Academy of Natural Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="'Amman">
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Academy of
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<location id="8EB46067FFFB0B00FDC5790CFC76FB8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287AAFFFB0B0FFF357E53FEF3FB15:8EB46067FFFB0B00FDC5790CFC76FB8A" box="[534,1005,1068,1094]" county="Specimen" municipality="Diatom Collection" name="Natural Sciences of Drexel University" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="'Amman">Natural Sciences of Drexel University</location>
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</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49AFF85EFFFB0B00FC2E790CFB08FB8A" box="[1021,1171,1068,1094]" country="Jordan" name="'Amman" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Philadelphia</collectingRegion>
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, accession number
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<specimenCode id="DBCD9EC7FFFB0B00FF35796EFEC7FBA4" box="[230,348,1102,1128]" collectionCode="GC" country="0" name="Goucher College" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">GC20106</specimenCode>
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.
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<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FEB4796EFE25FBA4" box="[359,446,1102,1128]" captionStart="Figures 44–49" captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]" captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3716537FFFB0B00FF357958FDFBFB3B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD436BCFFFB0B00FF357958FDFBFB3B" blockId="7.[230,1402,1144,1271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Type locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F37C762CFFFB0B00FE497958FE7EFB5E" box="[410,485,1144,1170]" name="Guam" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Guam</collectingCountry>
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, Apra Harbor, Scuba Beach, 13°27.840', 144°39.360', scarce in biofilm on calcareous sand ca.
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<quantity id="4C939B59FFFB0B00FE0979B9FD82FB7F" box="[474,537,1177,1203]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
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deep, in communities with
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFFB0B00FCA279B9FBCAFB7F" box="[881,1105,1177,1203]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Pleurosigmataceae" genus="Arcuatasigma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFFB0B00FCA279B9FB8DFB7F" box="[881,1046,1177,1203]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Arcuatasigma</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B4DFFFB0B00FBB079B9FAF6FB7F" author="Lobban, C. S. & G. Reid" box="[1123,1389,1177,1203]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="169 - 179" refId="ref16482" refString="Lobban, C. S. & G. Reid. 2018. New Arcuatasigma species (Bacillariophyta, Pleurosigmataceae) from Guam and Belize, and the taxonomic identities of Toxonidea challengeriensis and its variety. Phytotaxa 346: 169 - 179." type="journal article" year="2018">Lobban & Reid 2018</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFFB0B00FF35799BFE01FB19" box="[230,410,1211,1237]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Scoliotropidaceae" genus="Progonoia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFFB0B00FF35799BFEFFFB19" box="[230,356,1211,1237]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Progonoia</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B4DFFFB0B00FE7B799BFDCCFB19" author="Lobban, C. S." box="[424,599,1211,1237]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="246 - 254" refId="ref15913" refString="Lobban, C. S. 2015 b. External ultrastructure of Progonoia diatreta, n. sp. (Bacillariophyta, Scoliotropidaceae) differs from P. musca and P. intercedens, n. comb. Phytotaxa 234: 246 - 254" type="journal article" year="2015">Lobban 2015b</bibRefCitation>
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), and several species listed below. Sample GU52X-5b,
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<date id="FFD5107CFFFB0B00FB0B799BFAEDFB19" box="[1240,1398,1211,1237]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2015-05-10">10 May 2015</date>
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, coll.
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<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFFB0B00FEF279FDFDFBFB3B" box="[289,608,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C.S. Lobban & M. Schefter</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3716537FFFB0B00FF357827FA9FFAA8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BD436BCFFFB0B00FF357827FA9FFAA8" blockId="7.[230,1402,1287,1380]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Etymology: Apapa, genitive noun in apposition, for the
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<typeStatus id="54D0881EFFFB0B00FC567827FC23FAED" box="[901,952,1287,1313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
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locality in Apra Harbor, not far from Cabras Island.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B4DFFFB0B00FE4F7809FDDFFA8F" author="Ayong, M. A." box="[412,580,1321,1347]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref13623" refString="Ayong, M. A. 2023. Apra Harbor. In Guampedia, https: // www. guampedia. com / apra-harbor / accessed 14 Feb. 2023." type="url" year="2023">Ayong (2023)</bibRefCitation>
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explains that, “Apra is a corruption of the Chamorro word ‘
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<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFFB0B00FAF47809FAEBFA8F" box="[1319,1392,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">apapa</emphasis>
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’ which means ‘low.’
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<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFFB0B00FE05786AFDB8FAA8" box="[470,547,1354,1380]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Apapa</emphasis>
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is the original name for what is now known as Cabras Island.”
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3716537FFFB0B0FFF357854FD40FE0D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD436BCFFFB0B0FFF357854FDD7FEA2" blockId="7.[230,1403,1396,1894]" lastBlockId="8.[230,1402,238,407]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Morphology: Valves broadly lanceolate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FD0E7854FCF0FA42" box="[733,875,1396,1422]" captionStart="Figures 44–49" captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]" captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 44–46</figureCitation>
|
||
), 94–115 µm long, 22–26 µm wide, outer pseudoloculi in rows giving apparent stria density, especially in LM, of
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B59FFFB0B00FBFF78B5FB1FFA63" box="[1068,1156,1429,1455]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8–12 in</quantity>
|
||
10 µm, (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FB3F78B5FAE9FA63" box="[1260,1394,1429,1455]" captionStart="Figures 44–49" captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]" captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 44, 45</figureCitation>
|
||
) but true striae measured on interior views
|
||
<quantity id="4C939B59FFFB0B00FD037897FCACFA1D" box="[720,823,1463,1489]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="6.604" metricValueMin="6.096" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="25.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="24.0">24–26 in</quantity>
|
||
10 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FC4B7897FB84FA1D" box="[920,1055,1463,1489]" captionStart="Figures 50–58" captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 52, 55</figureCitation>
|
||
). External raphe slits straight, bordered by thin ridges of silica (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FDA278F9FD52FA3F" box="[625,713,1497,1523]" captionStart="Figures 44–49" captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]" captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow), terminal endings deflected in opposite directions. Inner layer of pores completely overlain by pseudoloculate framework forming larger pores, except in a variable zone near the sternum and at the apices where the outer openings are also small (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FA957B3CFEA8F994" captionStart="Figures 44–49" captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]" captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 48, 49</figureCitation>
|
||
and cf. fracture wall,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FD9A7B1EFD3FF994" box="[585,676,1598,1624]" captionStart="Figures 50–58" captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
). The outermost areolae are very large and in LM give the impression of chambers (cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFFB0B00FDE17B40FD23F9B6" authorityName="G.H.K.Thwaites" authorityYear="1856" box="[562,696,1632,1658]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Mastogloiaceae" genus="Mastogloia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Mastogloiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFFB0B00FDE17B40FD23F9B6" box="[562,696,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mastogloia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FD037B40FCCEF9B6" box="[720,853,1632,1658]" captionStart="Figures 44–49" captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]" captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 44, 45</figureCitation>
|
||
) but are simply part of the outer layer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FAC97B40FAEEF9B6" box="[1306,1397,1632,1658]" captionStart="Figures 44–49" captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]" captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 46</figureCitation>
|
||
, 47,49). There is also a long groove on each side in the outer layer near the apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FB607BA1FA8BF957" box="[1203,1296,1665,1691]" captionStart="Figures 44–49" captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]" captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 47</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FACD7BA1FAF7F957" box="[1310,1388,1665,1691]" captionStart="Figures 50–58" captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">50, 57</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FF357B83FE3AF971" box="[230,417,1699,1725]" captionStart="Figures 50–58" captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 50 and 51</figureCitation>
|
||
compare exterior features of the new species with a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFFB0B00FB047B83FE52F913" authority="(F. W. Lewis) Cleve" authorityName="Cleve" baseAuthorityName="F. W. Lewis" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Dictyoneidaceae" genus="Dictyoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dictyoneidales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFFB0B00FB047B83FAE2F971" box="[1239,1401,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D. marginata</emphasis>
|
||
(F.W.Lewis) Cleve
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37C762CFFFB0B00FDC07BE5FDEEF913" box="[531,629,1733,1759]" name="Georgia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Interior surface shows regular striae opening by transapical slits (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FF3C7BC7FEEEF8CD" box="[239,373,1767,1793]" captionStart="Figures 50–58" captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 52–55</figureCitation>
|
||
); many short striae and a few longer ones are interpolated on the mantle forming a denser fringe (32 striae in 10 µm), followed by a hyaline border (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FC767A28FC64F8EE" box="[933,1023,1800,1826]" captionStart="Figures 50–58" captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
). Raphe bordered by thick ribs, central and terminal endings simple, the latter with a very small helictoglossa. Wall structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FA997A0AFE9EF8AA" captionStart="Figures 50–58" captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows deep pseudoloculate outer network over the basal striate layer.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFFB0B00FB897A6CFA97F8AA" box="[1114,1292,1868,1894]" captionStart="Figures 50–58" captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 55 and 56</figureCitation>
|
||
compare the similar internal surfaces of the new species with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFC897DCEFC62FEC4" box="[858,1017,238,264]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Dictyoneidaceae" genus="Dictyoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dictyoneidales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFF40B0FFC897DCEFC62FEC4" box="[858,1017,238,264]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. marginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Girdle bands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFF40B0FFB607DCEFA8BFEC4" box="[1203,1296,238,264]" captionStart="Figures 44–49" captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]" captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 47</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFF40B0FFACE7DCEFAF7FEC4" box="[1309,1388,238,264]" captionStart="Figures 50–58" captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">57, 58</figureCitation>
|
||
): copulae open: valvocopula with deep notch at the closed end filled by ligula on 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C1E9BF4FFF40B0FFB7E7C2BFB27FED7" attach="left" box="[1197,1212,267,283]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">rd</superScript>
|
||
copula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFF40B0FFAF77C30FAEEFEE6" box="[1316,1397,272,298]" captionStart="Figures 50–58" captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 57</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow), with two rows of pores along advalvar edge, scattered pores/pits elsewhere; two other copulae with similar structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436BCFFF40B0FFF357C5DFB45FE5B" blockId="8.[230,1402,238,407]" box="[230,1246,381,407]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Additional records:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37C762CFFF40B0FFE027C5DFDB4FE5B" box="[465,559,381,407]" name="Guam" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">GUAM</collectingCountry>
|
||
: GU52V-1! (biofilm);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AFF85EFFF40B0FFCE97C5DFCE3FE5B" box="[826,888,381,407]" country="Micronesia" name="Yap" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">YAP</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37C762CFFF40B0FFC507C5DFC59FE5B" box="[899,962,381,407]" name="Micronesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FSM</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Y-D2 (seagrass leaves)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436BCFFF40B0FFF357C87FD40FE0D" blockId="8.[230,1402,423,895]" box="[230,731,423,449]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Registration: http://phycobank.org/104437</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3716537FFF40B0FFF357CF0FEF3FB15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436BCFFF40B0FFF357CF0FE44FCB3" blockId="8.[230,1402,423,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Comments:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFEA77CF0FDD5FE26" authorityName="Lobban & Witkowski" authorityYear="2023" box="[372,590,464,490]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Dictyoneidaceae" genus="Dictyoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dictyoneidales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="apapae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFF40B0FFEA77CF0FDD5FE26" box="[372,590,464,490]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dictyoneis apapae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs markedly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFC8F7CF0FC63FE26" box="[860,1016,464,490]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Dictyoneidaceae" genus="Dictyoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dictyoneidales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFF40B0FFC8F7CF0FC63FE26" box="[860,1016,464,490]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. marginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFBD67CF0FB3EFE26" author="Hustedt, F." box="[1029,1189,464,490]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref14962" refString="Hustedt, F. 1931 - 1959. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2." type="journal volume" year="1931">Hustedt 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1959, p. 576, fig. 1009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFEE07CD2FD8BFDC0" author="Montgomery, R. T." box="[307,528,498,524]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref17647" refString="Montgomery, R. T. 1978. Environmental and ecological studies of the diatom communities associated with the coral reefs of the Florida Keys. Volumes I and II. Ph. D. Dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee." type="book" year="1978">Montgomery 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pl. 81C–F;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFD717CD2FC56FDC0" author="Round, F. E. & R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann" box="[674,973,498,524]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref19136" refString="Round, F. E., R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann. 1990. The Diatoms: Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U. K." type="book" year="1990">Round et al. 1990 p. 468</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(implicitly showing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFB1B7CD2FAF3FDC0" box="[1224,1384,498,524]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Dictyoneidaceae" genus="Dictyoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dictyoneidales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFF40B0FFB1B7CD2FAF3FDC0" box="[1224,1384,498,524]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. marginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFF357F34FE39FDE2" author="Hein, M. K. & B. M. Winsborough & M. J. Sullivan" box="[230,418,532,558]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref14894" refString="Hein, M. K., B. M. Winsborough & M. J. Sullivan. 2008. Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) of the Bahamas. Iconographia Diatomologica 19. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell, Germany." type="journal volume" year="2008">Hein et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 51, pl. 26, fig 2, pl. 27 fig. 1] but there seem to be additional discrepancies among the images in the literature. The apical groove in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFCFF7F16FB8AFD9C" author="Round, F. E. & R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann" box="[812,1041,566,592]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref19136" refString="Round, F. E., R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann. 1990. The Diatoms: Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U. K." type="book" year="1990">Round et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is long like that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFB2B7F16FAE9FD9C" authorityName="Lobban & Witkowski" authorityYear="2023" box="[1272,1394,566,592]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Dictyoneidaceae" genus="Dictyoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dictyoneidales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="apapae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFF40B0FFB2B7F16FAE9FD9C" box="[1272,1394,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. apapae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and they also note that the external raphe slits are bordered by thin ridges of silica, which can be seen in our images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFE7B7F59FDBBFD5F" authorityName="Lobban & Witkowski" authorityYear="2023" box="[424,544,633,659]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Dictyoneidaceae" genus="Dictyoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dictyoneidales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="apapae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFF40B0FFE7B7F59FDBBFD5F" box="[424,544,633,659]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. apapae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not in our
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFD147F59FCF8FD5F" box="[711,867,633,659]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Dictyoneidaceae" genus="Dictyoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dictyoneidales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFF40B0FFD147F59FCF8FD5F" box="[711,867,633,659]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. marginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFF40B0FFC217F59FBD2FD5F" box="[1010,1097,633,659]" captionStart="Figures 50–58" captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 50</figureCitation>
|
||
vs. 51). Moreover,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFAF87F59FEF5FD79" author="Round, F. E. & R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref19136" refString="Round, F. E., R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann. 1990. The Diatoms: Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U. K." type="book" year="1990">Round et al. (1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 469, fig. h) show thick transverse costae and note that “the small poroids of the inner layer are difficult to distinguish because of the strong development of the ribs,” a description that does not fit
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFEA47FFEFE69FD34" authorityName="Lobban & Witkowski" authorityYear="2023" box="[375,498,734,760]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Dictyoneidaceae" genus="Dictyoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dictyoneidales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="apapae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFF40B0FFEA47FFEFE69FD34" box="[375,498,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. apapae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFF40B0FFDD77FFEFDC7FD34" box="[516,604,734,760]" captionStart="Figures 50–58" captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
) or even our
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37C762CFFF40B0FFD2D7FFEFCC7FD34" box="[766,860,734,760]" name="Georgia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13502A39FFF40B0FFC227FFEFBD0FD34" box="[1009,1099,734,760]" captionStart="Figures 50–58" captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
|
||
). These seem to be small discrepancies compared to the differences in the central area, marginal pore size and constriction (the latter two used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFE1C7E02FDC1FCF0" author="Cleve, P. T." box="[463,602,802,828]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="14 - 17" refId="ref13858" refString="Cleve, P. T. 1890. Dictyoneis Cleve n. g., note preliminaire par P. T. Cleve. Le Diatomiste 1 (2): 14 - 17." type="journal article" year="1890">Cleve 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as taxonomic criteria); we are therefore confident that the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37C762CFFF40B0FFAE27E02FAE2FCF0" box="[1329,1401,802,828]" name="Guam" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
species cannot be included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFD8A7E63FD60FC91" box="[601,763,835,861]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Dictyoneidaceae" genus="Dictyoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dictyoneidales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFF40B0FFD8A7E63FD60FC91" box="[601,763,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. marginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not so confident in our identification of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFA8E7E63FEFBFCB3" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Dictyoneidaceae" genus="Dictyoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dictyoneidales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFF40B0FFA8E7E63FEFBFCB3" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. marginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD436BCFFF40B0FFF357EAFFEF3FB15" blockId="8.[230,1403,911,1241]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
When
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFEE67EAFFE4BFC65" author="Cleve, P. T." box="[309,464,911,937]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="14 - 17" refId="ref13858" refString="Cleve, P. T. 1890. Dictyoneis Cleve n. g., note preliminaire par P. T. Cleve. Le Diatomiste 1 (2): 14 - 17." type="journal article" year="1890">Cleve (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected the genus, he provided a key to the known species, of which only two were lanceolate, and only one of those had marginal pores larger than the ones on the valve face, that was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFEF17EF2FE63FC20" authority="Cleve" authorityName="Cleve" authorityYear="1890" box="[290,504,978,1004]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Dictyoneidaceae" genus="Dictyoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dictyoneidales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="thrumii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFF40B0FFEF17EF2FE38FC20" box="[290,419,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. thrumii</emphasis>
|
||
Cleve
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described in the same article. However, he gave no drawings and the description, based on a single specimen from a sea cucumber gut in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37C762CFFF40B0FFBF47ED4FBEBFBC2" box="[1063,1136,1012,1038]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, mentions little of the structure. His valve was larger than our specimens, 150 µm long, 32 µm wide.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFB5F7936FAEEFBFC" author="Montgomery, R. T." box="[1164,1397,1046,1072]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref17647" refString="Montgomery, R. T. 1978. Environmental and ecological studies of the diatom communities associated with the coral reefs of the Florida Keys. Volumes I and II. Ph. D. Dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee." type="book" year="1978">Montgomery (1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 81A, B) showed an unnamed lanceolate species from Florida with broad semilanceolate zones of smaller pseudoloculi on each side of the raphe, clearly different from ours. There is need for further study of this genus, and the assertion by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFD15795BFC3EFB59" author="Round, F. E. & R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann" box="[710,933,1147,1173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref19136" refString="Round, F. E., R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann. 1990. The Diatoms: Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U. K." type="book" year="1990">Round et al. (1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 468) that, “only the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D0881EFFF40B0FFB68795BFB75FB59" box="[1211,1262,1147,1173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
[species] is recorded at all frequently” should not be a license for assigning every constricted specimen to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFA8E79BDFEFBFB15" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Dictyoneidaceae" genus="Dictyoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dictyoneidales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91FEAAEFFF40B0FFA8E79BDFEFBFB15" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. marginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |