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, 57;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A76381FC85CDA9FC8A" author="VIENNA P." box="[726,899,865,885]" page="116" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A76381FC85CD7CFC8A" author="VIENNA P." box="[726,854,865,885]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" refId="ref122194" refString="VIENNA P. 1980: Fauna d'Italia. Vol. XVI. Coleoptera Histeridae. Bologna, Calderini Press, ix + 386 pp." type="book" year="1980">
<collectingRegion id="49E8EEAAFF1909A76381FC85CD39FC8D" box="[726,787,866,885]" country="Austria" name="Wien" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">VIENNA</collectingRegion>
(1980)
</bibRefCitation>
: 116
</treatmentCitation>
, 182;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A762EDFC85CA49FC8B" author="MAZUR S." box="[954,1123,865,885]" page="72" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A762EDFC85CA68FC8A" author="MAZUR S." box="[954,1090,865,885]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" refId="ref118463" refString="MAZUR S. 1981 a: Histeridae - Gnilikowate (Insecta: Coleoptera). Fauna Polski, Tom 9. Polish Entomological Society, Warszawa, 206 pp (In Polish)" type="book" year="1981">MAZUR (1981a)</bibRefCitation>
: 72
</treatmentCitation>
, 99;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A76180FC9BCF5DFC71" author="MAZUR S." box="[215,375,892,911]" page="92" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A76180FC9BCF7FFC71" author="MAZUR S." box="[215,341,892,911]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 376" refId="ref118519" refString="MAZUR S. 1984: A world catalogue of Histeridae. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 54 (3 - 4): 1 - 376." type="journal article" year="1984">MAZUR (1984)</bibRefCitation>
: 92
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A760D7FC9CCC02FC71" author="OHARA M." box="[384,552,891,911]" page="215" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A760D7FC9CCFD6FC71" author="OHARA M." box="[384,508,891,911]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 238" refId="ref119358" refString="OHARA M. 1994: A revision of the superfamily Histeroidea of Japan (Coleoptera). Insecta Matsumurana (N. S.) 51: 1 - 238." type="journal article" year="1994">ÔHARA (1994)</bibRefCitation>
: 215
</treatmentCitation>
, 243;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A76309FC9BCD40FC71" author="DOWNIE N. M. &amp; ARNETT R. H. JR." box="[606,874,892,911]" page="607" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A76309FC9BCD15FC71" author="DOWNIE N. M. &amp; ARNETT R. H. JR." box="[606,831,892,911]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" refId="ref114280" refString="DOWNIE N. M. &amp; ARNETT R. H. JR. 1996: The beetles of northeastern North America. Volume I: Introduction; suborders Archostemata, Adephaga, and Polyphaga, thru superfamily Cantharoidea. The Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesvilles, FL, xiv + 879 pp." type="book" year="1996">DOWNIE &amp; ARNETT (1996)</bibRefCitation>
: 607
</treatmentCitation>
, 610;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A762F6FC9BCA49FC71" author="KIM J. I. &amp; LIM E. J." box="[929,1123,892,911]" page="60" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A762F6FC9BCA68FC71" author="KIM J. I. &amp; LIM E. J." box="[929,1090,892,911]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" pagination="59 - 76" refId="ref116355" refString="KIM J. I. &amp; LIM E. J. 1997: Fauna of Korean Histeridae (Coleoptera). Entomological Research Bulletin 23: 59 - 76." type="journal article" year="1997">KIM &amp; LIM (1997)</bibRefCitation>
: 60
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A761E2FC70CF77FC54" author="MAZUR S." box="[181,349,919,938]" page="257" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A761E2FC70CF19FC54" author="MAZUR S." box="[181,307,919,938]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref118633" refString="MAZUR S. 1997: A world catalogue of the Histeridae (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Genus, Supplement, pp. 1 - 373." type="book chapter" year="1997">MAZUR (1997)</bibRefCitation>
: 257
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A76032FC71CC6BFC54" author="OHARA M. &amp; PAIK J. - C." box="[357,577,918,938]" page="28" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A76032FC71CC0BFC54" author="OHARA M. &amp; PAIK J. - C." box="[357,545,918,938]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref119389" refString="OHARA M. &amp; PAIK J. - C. 1998: Notes on the histerid beetles of Korea (Coleoptera: Histeridae) with description of two species and redescription of three species. Insecta Matsumurana (N. S.) 54: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1998">ÔHARA &amp; PAIK (1998)</bibRefCitation>
: 28
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A7631EFC70CD5EFC54" author="BOUSQUET Y. &amp; LAPLANTE S." box="[585,884,919,938]" page="141" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A7631EFC70CD60FC54" author="BOUSQUET Y. &amp; LAPLANTE S." box="[585,842,919,938]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 190" refId="ref112971" refString="BOUSQUET Y. &amp; LAPLANTE S. 1999: Les Coleopteres Histerides du Quebec. Fabreries, Supplement 8: 1 - 190." type="journal article" year="1999">BOUSQUET &amp; LAPLANTE (1999)</bibRefCitation>
: 141
</treatmentCitation>
, 164;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A762F0FC70CA68FC54" author="MAZUR S." box="[935,1090,919,938]" page="19" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A762F0FC70CA09FC54" author="MAZUR S." box="[935,1059,919,938]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" pagination="17 - 66" refId="ref118660" refString="MAZUR S. 2001: Review of the Histeridae (Coleoptera) of Mexico. Dugesiana 8: 17 - 66." type="journal article" year="2001">MAZUR (2001)</bibRefCitation>
: 19
</treatmentCitation>
, 33;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A761E2FC55CFF2FC3B" author="KOVARIK P. W. &amp; CATERINO M. S." box="[181,472,945,965]" page="220" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A761E2FC55CF87FC3A" author="KOVARIK P. W. &amp; CATERINO M. S." box="[181,429,945,965]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" pagination="212 - 227" refId="ref116486" refString="KOVARIK P. W. &amp; CATERINO M. S. 2001: Histeridae Gyllenhal, 1808. Pp. 212 - 227. In: ARNETT R. H. JR. &amp; THOMAS M. C. (eds.): American beetles: Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. Volume 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton, xv + 443 pp." type="book chapter" year="2001">KOVARIK &amp; CATERINO (2001)</bibRefCitation>
: 220
</treatmentCitation>
, 223;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A76359FC55CCEDFC3A" author="YELAMOS T." box="[526,711,945,965]" page="245" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A76359FC55CCB6FC3A" author="YELAMOS T." box="[526,668,945,965]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" refId="ref122718" refString="YELAMOS T. 2002: Coleoptera, Histeridae. In: RAMOS M. A., TERCEDOR J. A, BELLES-ROS X., GOSAL- BEZ-NOGUERA J., SIERRA A. G., MAYOL E. M., PIERA F. M., MARINO J. S. &amp; GONZALEZ J. T. (eds.): Fauna Iberica. Vol. 17. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSCI, Madrid, 411 pp." type="book" year="2002">YÉLAMOS (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 245
</treatmentCitation>
, 326;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A763AAFC55CDB1FC3B" author="MAZUR S." box="[765,923,945,965]" page="94" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A763AAFC55CD50FC3A" author="MAZUR S." box="[765,890,945,965]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" pagination="68 - 102" refId="ref118682" refString="MAZUR S. 2004: Family Histeridae. Pp. 68 - 102. In: LOBL I. &amp; SMETANA A. (eds.): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 2, Hydrophiloidea-Histeroidea-Staphylinidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 942 pp." type="book chapter" year="2004">MAZUR (2004)</bibRefCitation>
: 94
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A762F2FC55CF36FC21" author="BOUSQUET Y. &amp; LAPLANTE S." page="168" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A762F2FC55CEDBFC21" author="BOUSQUET Y. &amp; LAPLANTE S." pageId="142" pageNumber="139" refId="ref112995" refString="BOUSQUET Y. &amp; LAPLANTE S. 2006: The Insects and Arachnids of Canada. Part 24. Coleoptera Histeridae. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 485 pp." type="book" year="2006">BOUSQUET &amp; LAPLANTE (2006)</bibRefCitation>
: 168
</treatmentCitation>
, 169.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B932048FF1909A761C0FC0FCC4CFBEB" blockId="142.[151,1127,705,1045]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3C0766FF1909A761C0FC0FCC4CFBEB" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1909A761C0FC0FCC3AFC04" authority="Houlbert &amp; Monnot, 1923: 46" authorityName="Houlbert &amp; Monnot" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,528,999,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Rhytidoprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1909A761C0FC0FCF25FC04" box="[151,271,1000,1018]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">Rhytidoprinus</emphasis>
Houlbert &amp; Monnot, 1923: 46
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54979EEAFF1909A76341FC00CC68FC04" box="[534,578,999,1018]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1909A763DAFC0FCD86FC04" authority="Duftschmid, 1805" authorityName="Duftschmid" authorityYear="1805" box="[653,940,999,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hister" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugiceps">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1909A763DAFC0FCD24FC04" box="[653,782,1000,1018]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">Hister rugiceps</emphasis>
Duftschmid, 1805
</taxonomicName>
, designated by
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A7657CFC00CF38FBEB" author="MAZUR S." page="94" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A7657CFC00CEDBFBEA" author="MAZUR S." pageId="142" pageNumber="139" pagination="68 - 102" refId="ref118682" refString="MAZUR S. 2004: Family Histeridae. Pp. 68 - 102. In: LOBL I. &amp; SMETANA A. (eds.): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 2, Hydrophiloidea-Histeroidea-Staphylinidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 942 pp." type="book chapter" year="2004">MAZUR (2004)</bibRefCitation>
: 94
</treatmentCitation>
. Synonymized by
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF1909A760F8FBE5CC48FBEB" author="COOMAN A." box="[431,610,1025,1045]" page="428" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" year="1947">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A760F8FBE5CC1DFBEA" author="COOMAN A." box="[431,567,1025,1045]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" pagination="421 - 428" refId="ref113394" refString="COOMAN A. 1947: Coleopteres Histeridae d'Extreme-Orient. Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise 11: 421 - 428." type="journal article" year="1947">COOMAN (1947)</bibRefCitation>
: 428
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="8B932048FF1909A76358FC00CC39FC04" blockId="142.[151,1127,705,1045]" box="[527,531,999,1018]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF1909A661C0FBCACA0CFE8A" lastPageId="143" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B932048FF1909A761C0FBCACFC8FA7B" blockId="142.[151,1127,1069,1573]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1909A761C0FBCACF26FBBB" bold="true" box="[151,268,1069,1093]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Cuticle often metallic and lustrous, at times matt, black or dark-brown; frontal stria carinate, in most cases straight or only slightly curved outwardly (rarely weakened medially with traces prolonged onto clypeus); frontal disc marked by single or double chevron, sometimes with longitudinal rugae or granulose structures. Pronotal disc punctate (at times rugulose-lacunose) or entirely smooth (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1909A763F0FB49CD7DFB3B" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[679,855,1198,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Baeckmanniolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1909A763F0FB49CD7DFB3B" box="[679,855,1198,1221]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">Baeckmanniolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), pronotal foveae absent, pronotal hypomeron glabrous. Prosternal process concave, compressed, carinal prosternal striae usually running parallel or subparallel, occasionally united in front; lateral prosternal striae united anteriorly under a sharp angle; pre-apical foveae present, usually moderately sized. Lateral sides of meso- and metaventrites occasionally shortly setose, often smooth. Outer margin of metatibia with two (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1909A763D8FAA9CD3BFA9B" authorityName=": SCHMIDT" authorityYear="1885" box="[655,785,1358,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1909A763D8FAA9CD3BFA9B" box="[655,785,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or three (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1909A762B9FAA9CEF2FA7B" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Baeckmanniolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1909A762B9FAA9CEF2FA7B" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">Baeckmanniolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) rows of short denticles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B932048FF1909A661C0FA6ACA0CFE8A" blockId="142.[151,1127,1069,1573]" lastBlockId="143.[113,1089,220,884]" lastPageId="143" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1909A761C0FA6ACFA0FA5B" bold="true" box="[151,394,1421,1445]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
Representatives of this genus are most similar to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1909A762BEFA69CA4AFA5B" authorityName=", MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[1001,1120,1422,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Exaesiopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1909A762BEFA69CA4AFA5B" box="[1001,1120,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">Exaesiopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, differing from it by the glabrous pronotal hypomeron (setose in
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1909A7621DFA49CDE9FA3B" authorityName=", MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[842,963,1454,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Exaesiopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1909A7621DFA49CDE9FA3B" box="[842,963,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">Exaesiopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) as well as not particularly thickened metafemora (strongly thickened in
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1909A7625DFA29CDA9FA1B" authorityName=", MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[778,899,1486,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Exaesiopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1909A7625DFA29CDA9FA1B" box="[778,899,1486,1509]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">Exaesiopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The species
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1909A76573FA29CC8BF9FB" authority="(Erichson, 1834)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipes" subGenus="Hypocaccus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1909A76573FA29CECAF9FB" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1909A761A7FA09CF58F9FB" box="[240,370,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1909A760D5FA09CFCFF9FB" box="[386,485,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="139">crassipes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1909A760A3FA0ACCB3F9FB" author="ERICHSON W. F." box="[500,665,1517,1541]" pageId="142" pageNumber="139" pagination="83 - 208" refId="ref114365" refString="ERICHSON W. F. 1834: Uebersich der Histeroides der Sammlung. Pp. 83 - 208. In: KLUG J. C. F.: Jahrbucher der Insectenkunde mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die Sammlung in Konigl. Museum in Berlin. Erster Band. Enslin, Berlin, viii + 296 pp." type="book chapter" year="1834">Erichson, 1834</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
which has slightly thickened metafemora, but a glabrous pronotal hypomeron, is probably externally most similar to the species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A661E1FF3ACF05FF0A" authorityName=", MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[182,303,221,244]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Exaesiopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A661E1FF3ACF05FF0A" box="[182,303,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Exaesiopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species has been previously transferred between genera
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A66290FF3ACA6AFF0A" authorityName=", MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[967,1088,221,244]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Exaesiopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A66290FF3ACA6AFF0A" box="[967,1088,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Exaesiopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A661C8FF1ACF0BFEEA" authorityName=": SCHMIDT" authorityYear="1885" box="[159,289,253,276]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A661C8FF1ACF0BFEEA" box="[159,289,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but can be viewed as a transitional form between them (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1809A662D4FF1BCF7AFECA" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. &amp; REICHARDT A. N." pageId="143" pageNumber="136" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. &amp; REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">KRYZHANOVSKIJ &amp; REICHARDT 1976: 228</bibRefCitation>
). Several smaller species of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A663ACFEFACD51FECA" authorityName=": SCHMIDT" authorityYear="1885" box="[763,891,285,308]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A663ACFEFACD51FECA" box="[763,891,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are externally very similar to the species of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A660ADFEDACC6EFEAA" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[506,580,317,340]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nessus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A660ADFEDACC6EFEAA" box="[506,580,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Nessus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A663F0FEDACD14FEAA" authorityName="Bickhardt" authorityYear="1914" box="[679,830,317,340]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A663F0FEDACD14FEAA" box="[679,830,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and according to MAZUR (pers. comm. 2008),
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A66007FEBACFB0FE8A" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[336,410,349,372]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nessus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A66007FEBACFB0FE8A" box="[336,410,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Nessus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ought to be synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A663BDFEBACD46FE8A" authorityName=": SCHMIDT" authorityYear="1885" box="[746,876,349,372]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A663BDFEBACD46FE8A" box="[746,876,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see also above).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF1809A66126FE9CCC34FDEA" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B932048FF1809A66126FE9CCC34FDEA" blockId="143.[113,1089,220,884]" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A66126FE9CCEE4FE6D" bold="true" box="[113,206,379,403]" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Biology.</emphasis>
Species of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A66088FE9ACC4BFE6A" authorityName=": SCHMIDT" authorityYear="1885" box="[479,609,381,404]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A66088FE9ACC4BFE6A" box="[479,609,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are found on the sandy shores of seas, lakes and rivers (sometimes also on inland sand dunes without the presence of water) where they prey upon dipteran larvae developing in various decomposing organic substances such as excrements, carcasses, seaweed, etc. Species of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A66252FE3ACD9FFE0A" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[773,949,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Baeckmanniolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A66252FE3ACD9FFE0A" box="[773,949,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Baeckmanniolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are confined to seashores with similar feeding habits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF1809A66126FDFCCA29FD4A" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B932048FF1809A66126FDFCCA29FD4A" blockId="143.[113,1089,220,884]" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A66126FDFCCF2EFDCD" bold="true" box="[113,260,539,563]" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A6605EFDFACFA1FDCA" authorityName=": SCHMIDT" authorityYear="1885" box="[265,395,541,564]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A6605EFDFACFA1FDCA" box="[265,395,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with around 65 described species and subspecies is a worldwidedistributed genus, with the bulk of its species known to occur in the Holarctic Region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1809A662A2FDDBCE80FD8A" author="MAZUR S." pageId="143" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref118633" refString="MAZUR S. 1997: A world catalogue of the Histeridae (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Genus, Supplement, pp. 1 - 373." type="book chapter" year="1997">MAZUR 1997</bibRefCitation>
). Several species (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A660C2FDBACD05FD8A" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[405,815,604,628]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" subGenus="Hypocaccus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A660C2FDBACC3DFD8A" box="[405,535,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A66372FDBACC8DFD8A" box="[549,679,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A663E2FDBACD05FD8A" box="[693,815,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are widely distributed on the beaches around the globe; others (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A6637AFD9ACA2DFD6A" authority="Lewis, 1899" authorityName="Lewis" authorityYear="1899" box="[557,1031,636,660]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ainu" subGenus="Hypocaccus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A6637AFD9ACC85FD6A" box="[557,687,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A663E9FD9ACD6AFD6A" box="[702,832,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A66218FD9ACD54FD6A" box="[847,894,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">ainu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF1809A662D3FD9BCA2DFD6A" author="LEWIS G." box="[900,1031,636,660]" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref117688" refString="LEWIS G. 1899: On a new species of Histeridae and notices of others. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7 4: 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1899">Lewis, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F33B60D8FF1809A66126FD7BCE85FD4A" box="[113,175,668,692]" name="Japan" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Japan</collectingCountry>
) are confined to mountain rivers and streams of geographically limited regions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF1809A66126FD5CCD8FFC8A" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B932048FF1809A66126FD5CCD8FFC8A" blockId="143.[113,1089,220,884]" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A66126FD5CCEC7FD2D" bold="true" box="[113,237,699,723]" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A661A5FD5ACF58FD2A" authorityName=": SCHMIDT" authorityYear="1885" box="[242,370,701,724]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A661A5FD5ACF58FD2A" box="[242,370,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is probably a paraphyletic taxon with respect to several smaller genera e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A661C9FD3ACF3DFD0A" authorityName=", MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[158,279,733,756]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Exaesiopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A661C9FD3ACF3DFD0A" box="[158,279,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Exaesiopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A660FCFD3ACFDFFD0A" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[427,501,733,756]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nessus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A660FCFD3ACFDFFD0A" box="[427,501,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Nessus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A663D3FD3ACD31FD0A" authorityName="Bickhardt" authorityYear="1914" box="[644,795,733,756]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A663D3FD3ACD31FD0A" box="[644,795,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above). It is supported only by several weak synapomorphies that include frontal disc with chevrons, longitudinal rugae or granulose structures. Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A66341FCFACCEFFCCA" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[534,709,797,820]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Baeckmanniolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A66341FCFACCEFFCCA" box="[534,709,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Baeckmanniolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is supported by only two weak putative synapomorphies, most likely homoplasies. Revision of the members of both subgenera of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF1809A661D9FCBACF3AFC8A" authorityName=": SCHMIDT" authorityYear="1885" box="[142,272,861,884]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF1809A661D9FCBACF3AFC8A" box="[142,272,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="136">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would be one of highly required tasks for the future research.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>