treatments-xml/data/77/2F/A5/772FA540FFCCFFB8C3EBFC8EAF881670.xml

<document id="288F65CBF5B2A7A7104BCE1314D4BF07" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930601046428" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5232373" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629454162060" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Huber, John T., Mendel, Zvi, Protasov, Alex &amp; Salle, John La" docDate="2006" docId="772FA540FFCCFFB8C3EBFC8EAF881670" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.40.32-34.1909-1921.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 40 (32 - 34)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930601046428" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C.2:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Stethynium breviovipositor Huber &amp; Mendel &amp; Protasov &amp; Salle 2006, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1919" masterDocId="8B16DD38FFC5FFB5C26CFFF2AC341455" masterDocTitle="Two new Australian species of Stethynium (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), larval parasitoids of Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Eucalyptus" masterLastPageNumber="1921" masterPageNumber="1909" pageNumber="1916" updateTime="1699073767037" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="9D5AECDF88F554E81EE6EDFA4B11399C">Two new Australian species of Stethynium (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), larval parasitoids of Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Eucalyptus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7C78BE95E9FCF6AA0139D8333D7737D5">Huber, John T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6EA4EC4214E3E1AC68BA45E652A120B9">Mendel, Zvi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0B0D64D75A03EE8ECA6877BEC4CCD52F">Protasov, Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D150BA63FB818D4F1C4DFA8ABB7135E8">Salle, John La</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FF3BA514C121951EFDEC185602C3DE52">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="96353D6420CE24BC22A47426382ED65F">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="13982F3D8126652E5DA682990825408B">2006-12-04</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C2D990E30871C2C47A6195A0C71E0C15" type="volume">
<mods:number id="305EA25139FCEBE89DD6E1EAC462E4C4">40</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7DFC0A541E29D6871B29B54B9BA7A251">32 - 34</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="0D5F7CDC80E702C9D691791F2D92A104">1909</mods:start>
<mods:end id="D191549C8D5BCE311DAEB1A37D08FCE1">1921</mods:end>
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<subSubSection id="B79C47DDFFCCFFBCC3EBFC8EAFA617C1" box="[391,914,892,916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FF391456FFCCFFBCC3EBFC8EAFA617C1" blockId="9.[391,914,892,949]" box="[391,914,892,916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">
<heading id="A471A33AFFCCFFBCC3EBFC8EAFA617C1" box="[391,914,892,916]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFCCFFBCC3EBFC8EAF7017C1" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber &amp; Mendel &amp; Protasov &amp; Salle" authorityYear="2006" box="[391,836,892,916]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Stethynium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviovipositor" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCCFFBCC3EBFC8EAEDF17C1" bold="true" box="[391,747,892,916]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">Stethynium breviovipositor</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D6C1753FFFCCFFBCC13DFC8EAFA617C1" box="[849,914,892,916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="FF391456FFCCFFBCC02DFC6FAEDE17E0" blockId="9.[391,914,892,949]" box="[577,746,925,949]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">
(
<figureCitation id="67BD08D3FFCCFFBCC025FC6FAED517E0" box="[585,737,925,949]" captionStart-0="Figures 8, 9" captionStart-1="Figures 10–13" captionStart-2="Figures 14–17" captionStartId-0="8.[184,253,1342,1361]" captionStartId-1="10.[138,207,1193,1212]" captionStartId-2="11.[125,194,1454,1473]" captionTargetBox-0="[263,1060,133,1296]" captionTargetBox-1="[343,980,133,1157]" captionTargetBox-2="[250,1047,135,1412]" captionTargetId-0="figure-124@8.[263,1060,133,1306]" captionTargetId-1="figure-153@10.[343,981,133,1157]" captionTargetId-2="figure-75@11.[250,1047,133,1418]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="Figures 8, 9. Stethynium spp. (8) S. ophelimi, male genitalia, dorsal. (9) S. breviovipositor sp. n., wings." captionText-1="Figures 10–13. Stethynium breviovipositor, female. (10) Antenna. (11) Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. (12) Body, lateral. (13) Head, anterior." captionText-2="Figures 14–17. Stethynium breviovipositor, male. (14) Antenna. (15) Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. (16) Mesosoma and metasoma, lateral. (17) Genitalia, lateral." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232379" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232381" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232383" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5232379/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5232381/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5232383/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">Figures 9–17</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF391456FFCCFFBCC211FC1CAD211050" blockId="9.[125,277,1005,1029]" box="[125,277,1005,1029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCCFFBCC211FC1CAD211050" box="[125,277,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">Type material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF391456FFCCFFBCC211FBEFAED61080" blockId="9.[125,1173,1053,1237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">
<typeStatus id="203DAAF4FFCCFFBCC211FBEFACD91060" box="[125,237,1053,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: female (ANIC), cleared and dissected under three coverslips on slide labelled: (1) ‘‘ 
<collectingCountry id="879154C6FFCCFFBCC2D7FBCFAD181000" box="[187,300,1085,1109]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">Australia</collectingCountry>
: NSW Wagga Wagga, ex. 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFCCFFBCC0E4FBCFAF571000" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[648,867,1085,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Ophelimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maskelli">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCCFFBCC0E4FBCFAF571000" box="[648,867,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">Ophelimus maskelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaf galls on 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFCCFFBCC671FBCFAD3C1020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camaldulensi">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCCFFBCC671FBCFAD3C1020" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">Eucalyptus camaldulensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s’’; (2) ‘‘em. from mature larvae 
<date id="8B383296FFCCFFBCC0F0FBAFAECD1020" box="[668,761,1117,1141]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" value="2005-07">
vii. 
<quantity id="387EB9B3FFCCFFBCC0D2FBAFAECD1020" box="[702,761,1117,1141]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0927" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" unit="in" value="2005.0">2005</quantity>
</date>
in quarantine culture, Bet Dagan 
<collectingCountry id="879154C6FFCCFFBCC211FB8FAC8B10C0" box="[125,191,1149,1173]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">Israel</collectingCountry>
, Z. Mendel’’; and (3) ‘‘ 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFCCFFBCC388FB8FAF6910C0" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber &amp; Mendel &amp; Protasov &amp; Salle" authorityYear="2006" box="[484,861,1149,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Stethynium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviovipositor">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCCFFBCC388FB8FAF3310C0" box="[484,775,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">Stethynium breviovipositor</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="203DAAF4FFCCFFBCC105FB8FAFE110C0" box="[873,981,1149,1173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female dorsal’’. 
<typeStatus id="203DAAF4FFCCFFBCC211FB6FACC510E0" box="[125,241,1181,1205]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCount id="E980DFDFFFCCFFBCC290FB6FAD4210E0" box="[252,374,1181,1205]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" type="female">14 females</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="E980DFDFFFCCFFBCC3C2FB6FAE0210E0" box="[430,566,1181,1205]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" type="male">seven males</specimenCount>
pinned on cards, 
<specimenCount id="E980DFDFFFCCFFBCC16FFB6FAF4B10E0" box="[771,895,1181,1205]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" type="female">six females</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="E980DFDFFFCCFFBCC1DBFB6FA81E10E0" box="[951,1066,1181,1205]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
on slides in 
<collectingCountry id="879154C6FFCCFFBCC2F1FB4FACC21080" box="[157,246,1213,1237]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">Canada</collectingCountry>
balsam (ANIC, BMNH, CNC, USNM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF391456FFCCFFBCC211FAFFACD21170" blockId="9.[125,230,1293,1317]" box="[125,230,1293,1317]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCCFFBCC211FAFFACD21170" box="[125,230,1293,1317]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF391456FFCCFFBCC211FACCA80A11A0" blockId="9.[125,1172,1342,1685]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">
Ovipositor and sheaths short, arising midway along gaster at about level of apex of mesophragma (
<figureCitation id="67BD08D3FFCCFFBCC35DFAACADEA1123" box="[305,478,1374,1398]" captionStart="Figures 10–13" captionStartId="10.[138,207,1193,1212]" captionTargetBox="[343,980,133,1157]" captionTargetId="figure-153@10.[343,981,133,1157]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 10–13. Stethynium breviovipositor, female. (10) Antenna. (11) Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. (12) Body, lateral. (13) Head, anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232381/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">Figures 11, 12</figureCitation>
); gaster with large orange inclusion internally near base of ovipositor; fore wing with lobe of posterior margin behind venation somewhat flattened (
<figureCitation id="67BD08D3FFCCFFBCC2E9FA6FACD211E0" box="[133,230,1437,1461]" captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="6.[138,207,1446,1465]" captionTargetBox="[183,1140,143,1410]" captionTargetId="figure-74@6.[183,1140,132,1410]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 1–3. Stethynium ophelimi sp. n., female. (1) Wings. (2) Antenna. (3) Holotype, mesosoma+metasoma, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232375/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">Figure 1</figureCitation>
); anterior scutellum with narrow longitudinal median strip (5area between placoid sensilla on slide-mounted specimens) contrasting strongly with darker lateral areas, and the lateral areas contrasting distinctly with light-coloured posterior scutellum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF391456FFCCFFBCC2F4FA0FAFB412C0" blockId="9.[125,1172,1342,1685]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">
Among the species examined, none are similar to 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFCCFFBCC165FA0FAFFF1240" authorityName="Huber &amp; Mendel &amp; Protasov &amp; Salle" authorityYear="2006" box="[777,971,1533,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Stethynium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviovipositor">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCCFFBCC165FA0FAFFF1240" box="[777,971,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">S. breviovipositor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All have either distinctly wider or narrower fore wings except 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFCCFFBCC0FFF9EFAF2A1260" box="[659,798,1565,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Stethynium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavinotae">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCCFFBCC0FFF9EFAF2A1260" box="[659,798,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">S. flavinotae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which differs by its long, blacktipped ovipositor. No species has the large orange inclusion inside the gaster characteristic of 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFCCFFBCC2F2F9AFAD681220" authorityName="Huber &amp; Mendel &amp; Protasov &amp; Salle" authorityYear="2006" box="[158,348,1629,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Stethynium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviovipositor">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCCFFBCC2F2F9AFAD681220" box="[158,348,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">S. breviovipositor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFCCFFBCC302F9AFAE7A1220" authorityName="Huber &amp; Mendel &amp; Protasov &amp; Salle" authorityYear="2006" box="[366,590,1629,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Stethynium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophelimi">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCCFFBCC302F9AFAE7A1220" box="[366,590,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">Stethynium ophelimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(described above) differs most distinctly from 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFCCFFBCC610F9AFAD2D12C0" authorityName="Huber &amp; Mendel &amp; Protasov &amp; Salle" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Stethynium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviovipositor">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCCFFBCC610F9AFAD2D12C0" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1916">S. breviovipositor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its much longer, black-tipped ovipositor sheaths.
</paragraph>
<caption id="ABF944DEFFCFFFBFC2E6FB5BADF81083" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232381" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5232381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232381/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1917" startId="10.[138,207,1193,1212]" targetBox="[343,980,133,1157]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="FF391456FFCFFFBFC2E6FB5BADF81083" blockId="10.[138,1185,1193,1238]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1917">
Figures 10–13. 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFCFFFBFC34FFB5BAE3810E9" authorityName="Huber &amp; Mendel &amp; Protasov &amp; Salle" authorityYear="2006" box="[291,524,1193,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Stethynium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1917" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviovipositor">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCFFFBFC34FFB5BAE3810E9" box="[291,524,1193,1212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1917">Stethynium breviovipositor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female. (10) Antenna. (11) Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. (12) Body, lateral. (13) Head, anterior.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FF391456FFCFFFBFC2E6FB1CAD371153" blockId="10.[138,259,1262,1286]" box="[138,259,1262,1286]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1917">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCFFFBFC2E6FB1CAD371153" box="[138,259,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1917">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF391456FFCFFFBFC2E6FAECADB812C0" blockId="10.[138,1185,1310,1685]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1917">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCFFFBFC2E6FAECACD51163" box="[138,225,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1917">Female.</emphasis>
Body pale yellow to cream coloured. Eyes and ocelli grey, sometimes with a pink tinge. Trabeculae black. The following brown: mandible (especially the teeth), a minute area partly around each ocellus, a faint, diffuse area or, sometimes, more distinct small spot on each side of foramen magnum, anterior two-thirds of midlobe of mesoscutum, a spot medially on lateral lobe of mesoscutum, a spot on anterior margin of axilla and a paler one on posterior margin, anterior scutellum except for narrow, longitudinal median strip (
<figureCitation id="67BD08D3FFCFFFBFC2FEFA2CAD3011A3" box="[146,260,1502,1526]" captionStart="Figures 10–13" captionStartId="10.[138,207,1193,1212]" captionTargetBox="[343,980,133,1157]" captionTargetId="figure-153@10.[343,981,133,1157]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 10–13. Stethynium breviovipositor, female. (10) Antenna. (11) Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. (12) Body, lateral. (13) Head, anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232381/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1917">Figure 11</figureCitation>
), propodeum dorsally, and gaster dorsally, except laterally and sometimes also apically. A large orange inclusion inside gaster (
<figureCitation id="67BD08D3FFCFFFBFC0B2FA0FAFBA1240" box="[734,910,1533,1557]" captionStart="Figures 10–13" captionStartId="10.[138,207,1193,1212]" captionTargetBox="[343,980,133,1157]" captionTargetId="figure-153@10.[343,981,133,1157]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 10–13. Stethynium breviovipositor, female. (10) Antenna. (11) Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. (12) Body, lateral. (13) Head, anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232381/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1917">Figures 11, 12</figureCitation>
) often gives a greyish appearance (seen externally) to apicoventral part of gaster. Ovipositor scarcely darker than surrounding sterna. Wings uniformly hyaline, with venation light brown. Funicle and, especially, clava light brown to brown. Legs pale yellow, except for dark brown apical tarsomere of each leg.
</paragraph>
<caption id="ABF944DEFFCEFFBEC211FA5CAEA7118E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232383" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5232383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232383/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1918" startId="11.[125,194,1454,1473]" targetBox="[250,1047,135,1412]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="FF391456FFCEFFBEC211FA5CAEA7118E" blockId="11.[125,1172,1454,1499]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1918">
Figures 14–17. 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFCEFFBEC374FA5CAE361194" authorityName="Huber &amp; Mendel &amp; Protasov &amp; Salle" authorityYear="2006" box="[280,514,1454,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Stethynium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviovipositor">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCEFFBEC374FA5CAE361194" box="[280,514,1454,1473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1918">Stethynium breviovipositor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male. (14) Antenna. (15) Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. (16) Mesosoma and metasoma, lateral. (17) Genitalia, lateral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FF391456FFCEFFB9C2F4FA09A89410FA" blockId="11.[125,1172,1531,1687]" lastBlockId="12.[138,1185,660,1199]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="1919" pageId="11" pageNumber="1918">
Body length 585 (485–640, 
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCEFFBEC399FA0EAE371246" box="[501,515,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1918">n</emphasis>
510, critical point-dried specimens). Head width 262 (224–292, 
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCEFFBEC290F9EEAD3E1266" box="[252,266,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1918">n</emphasis>
55). Antenna (
<figureCitation id="67BD08D3FFCEFFBEC3D5F9EEAE2E1261" box="[441,538,1564,1588]" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="7.[125,194,1430,1449]" captionTargetBox="[250,1047,133,1394]" captionTargetId="figure-70@7.[250,1047,132,1394]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 4–7. Stethynium ophelimi. (4) Female body, lateral. (5) Holotype, head, anterior, and antenna. (6) Male head and antenna. (7) Male mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232377/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1918">Figure 5</figureCitation>
) with inner surface of scape transversely striate; funicle with all segments at least slightly longer than wide and without longitudinal sensilla; clava with six longitudinal sensilla. Length/width ratios (
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFCEFFBEC082F9AFAEC81221" box="[750,764,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1918">n</emphasis>
54 or 5, except scape52): scape 2.30–2.42, pedicel 1.43–1.59, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFCEFFBEC396F975AE3112C2" attach="left" box="[506,517,1671,1687]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="1918">1</subScript>
1.38–1.71, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFCEFFBEC0CBF975AE8612C2" attach="left" box="[679,690,1671,1687]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="1918">2</subScript>
2.13–2.48, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFCEFFBEC138F975AF6B12C2" attach="left" box="[852,863,1671,1687]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="1918">3</subScript>
2.25–2.52, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFCEFFBEC66DF975A83812C2" attach="left" box="[1025,1036,1671,1687]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="1918">4</subScript>
1.85–2.35, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C2F6FD0CAC91175B" attach="left" box="[154,165,766,782]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">5</subScript>
1.41–1.89, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C32AFD0CAD65175B" attach="left" box="[326,337,766,782]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">6</subScript>
1.54–1.96, clava 2.81–3.11. Measurements length (width) (
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC9FFB9C64CFD06A81A175E" box="[1056,1070,756,779]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">n</emphasis>
55 or 6): 82–92 (31–37), pedicel 49–55 (25–36), fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C014FCECAEB7177B" attach="left" box="[632,643,798,814]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">1</subScript>
26–33 (17–19), fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C132FCECAF5D177B" attach="left" box="[862,873,798,814]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">2</subScript>
35–44 (15–18), fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C628FCECA87B177B" attach="left" box="[1092,1103,798,814]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">3</subScript>
35–41 (15–16), fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C36AFCCDAD25171A" attach="left" box="[262,273,831,847]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">4</subScript>
32–40 (16–20), fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C38FFCCDADDA171A" attach="left" box="[483,494,831,847]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">5</subScript>
21–40 (19–23), fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C0ACFCCDAEFF171A" attach="left" box="[704,715,831,847]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">6</subScript>
32–44 (19–25), clava 112–134 (38–44). Mesosoma with adnotaular seta slightly nearer anterior than posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="67BD08D3FFC9FFB9C673FCA6A8A51739" box="[1055,1169,852,876]" captionStart="Figures 10–13" captionStartId="10.[138,207,1193,1212]" captionTargetBox="[343,980,133,1157]" captionTargetId="figure-153@10.[343,981,133,1157]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 10–13. Stethynium breviovipositor, female. (10) Antenna. (11) Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. (12) Body, lateral. (13) Head, anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232381/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">Figure 11</figureCitation>
). Posterior scutellum length/width50.69–0.78. Mesophragma posteriorly widely rounded (
<figureCitation id="67BD08D3FFC9FFB9C2FEFC67AD3117F8" box="[146,261,917,941]" captionStart="Figures 10–13" captionStartId="10.[138,207,1193,1212]" captionTargetBox="[343,980,133,1157]" captionTargetId="figure-153@10.[343,981,133,1157]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 10–13. Stethynium breviovipositor, female. (10) Antenna. (11) Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. (12) Body, lateral. (13) Head, anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232381/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">Figure 11</figureCitation>
). Fore wing length (including humeral plate) 654 (587–730), width 238 (205– 268), length/width 2.76 (2.68–2.87, 
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC9FFB9C021FC44AE6F1798" box="[589,603,950,973]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">n</emphasis>
53), with discal microtrichia moderately sparse (especially behind stigmal vein), with lobe of posterior margin behind venation somewhat flattened (
<figureCitation id="67BD08D3FFC9FFB9C292FC04AD56105B" box="[254,354,1014,1038]" captionStart="Figures 8, 9" captionStartId="8.[184,253,1342,1361]" captionTargetBox="[263,1060,133,1296]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[263,1060,133,1306]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 8, 9. Stethynium spp. (8) S. ophelimi, male genitalia, dorsal. (9) S. breviovipositor sp. n., wings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232379/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">Figure 9</figureCitation>
), and with longest marginal cilia 128 (124–136), just over half as long as wing width. Hind wing length 568 (502–654), width 44 (41–49), and longest marginal cilia 119 (108–129), about 2.7 times hind wing width. Metasoma with lateral margins of gaster more or less parallel-sided, converging to wide and blunt apex (
<figureCitation id="67BD08D3FFC9FFB9C1F4FBA5A83F103A" box="[920,1035,1111,1135]" captionStart="Figures 10–13" captionStartId="10.[138,207,1193,1212]" captionTargetBox="[343,980,133,1157]" captionTargetId="figure-153@10.[343,981,133,1157]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 10–13. Stethynium breviovipositor, female. (10) Antenna. (11) Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. (12) Body, lateral. (13) Head, anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232381/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">Figure 11</figureCitation>
). Ovipositor sheaths straight, evenly narrow along entire length (
<figureCitation id="67BD08D3FFC9FFB9C0B4FB85AF7F10DA" box="[728,843,1143,1167]" captionStart="Figures 10–13" captionStartId="10.[138,207,1193,1212]" captionTargetBox="[343,980,133,1157]" captionTargetId="figure-153@10.[343,981,133,1157]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 10–13. Stethynium breviovipositor, female. (10) Antenna. (11) Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. (12) Body, lateral. (13) Head, anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232381/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">Figure 12</figureCitation>
), and not exserted; ovipositor straight along its entire length and not extending beyond apices of sheaths (
<figureCitation id="67BD08D3FFC9FFB9C184FB65A8A610FA" box="[1000,1170,1175,1199]" captionStart="Figures 10–13" captionStartId="10.[138,207,1193,1212]" captionTargetBox="[343,980,133,1157]" captionTargetId="figure-153@10.[343,981,133,1157]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 10–13. Stethynium breviovipositor, female. (10) Antenna. (11) Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. (12) Body, lateral. (13) Head, anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232381/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">Figures 11, 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="ABF944DEFFC9FFB9C2E6FD66AF8A1689" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232385" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5232385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232385/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919" startId="12.[138,207,660,679]" targetBox="[151,1172,133,624]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="FF391456FFC9FFB9C2E6FD66AF8A1689" blockId="12.[138,1185,660,1199]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">
Figures 18, 19. (18) Leaf of 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFC9FFB9C3FDFD66AE5F16F2" box="[401,619,660,679]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camaldulensis">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC9FFB9C3FDFD66AE5F16F2" box="[401,619,660,679]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">Eucalyptus camaldulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with heavy infestation of 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFC9FFB9C138FD66AFCF16F2" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[852,1019,660,679]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Ophelimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maskelli">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC9FFB9C138FD66AFCF16F2" box="[852,1019,660,679]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">Ophelimus maskelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
galls. (19) Leaf of 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFC9FFB9C2E6FD5DAD2A1697" box="[138,286,687,706]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camaldulensis">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC9FFB9C2E6FD5DAD2A1697" box="[138,286,687,706]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">E. camaldulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing four intact 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFC9FFB9C38AFD5DAE791697" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[486,589,687,706]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Ophelimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maskelli">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC9FFB9C38AFD5DAE791697" box="[486,589,687,706]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">O. maskelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
galls, two galls with emergence holes (bottom right), and two dissected galls (left), one of which contains an unemerged adult 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFC9FFB9C089FD3BAF5F1689" box="[741,875,713,732]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Stethynium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC9FFB9C089FD3BAF7C1689" box="[741,840,713,732]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">Stethynium</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(arrow).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FF391456FFC9FFB9C2E6FB2AA8951104" blockId="12.[138,1185,1240,1523]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC9FFB9C2E6FB2AACFF10A5" box="[138,203,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">Male.</emphasis>
Body mostly black. Yellow (sometimes pale brown): face, most of vertex except around ocelli, gena, lower occiput, pronotal shoulders, narrow longitudinal median streak on anterior scutellum, posterior scutellum (especially lateral margins), and prosternum. Mesosternum varies from almost black to moderately light brown. Flagellum light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF391456FFC9FFB9C2C9FAA8A8B311A6" blockId="12.[138,1185,1240,1523]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">
Body length 605 (485–665, 
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC9FFB9C391FAA9AE3F1127" box="[509,523,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">n</emphasis>
57, critical point-dried specimens). Antennal measurements (
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC9FFB9C28EFA89ACC411C7" box="[226,240,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">n</emphasis>
51, length only): scape 71, pedicel 43, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C0A8FA77AEFB11C0" attach="left" box="[708,719,1413,1429]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">1</subScript>
56, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C17EFA77AF2911C0" attach="left" box="[786,797,1413,1429]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">2</subScript>
61, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C133FA77AF5E11C0" attach="left" box="[863,874,1413,1429]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">3</subScript>
62, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C1C1FA77AF8C11C0" attach="left" box="[941,952,1413,1429]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">4</subScript>
67, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C197FA77A83211C0" attach="left" box="[1019,1030,1413,1429]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">5</subScript>
71, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C624FA77A86711C0" attach="left" box="[1096,1107,1413,1429]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">6</subScript>
70, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C6FAFA77A89511C0" attach="right" box="[1174,1185,1413,1429]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">7</subScript>
74, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C2A1FA57ACEC11E0" attach="left" box="[205,216,1445,1461]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">8</subScript>
75, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C346FA57AD0111E0" attach="left" box="[298,309,1445,1461]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">9</subScript>
71, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C3EAFA57ADA811E0" attach="left" box="[390,412,1445,1461]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">10</subScript>
73, fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C381FA57AE3711E0" attach="left" box="[493,515,1445,1461]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">11</subScript>
71. Length/width ratio of fl 
<subScript id="63021613FFC9FFB9C104FA57AF4711E0" attach="left" box="[872,883,1445,1461]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">6</subScript>
1.94. Each flagellomere apparently with eight longitudinal sensilla. Genitalia with aedeagus, in lateral view, flattened dorsally and parameres at some distance from aedeagal apex (
<figureCitation id="67BD08D3FFC9FFB9C1A1FA29A84E11A6" box="[973,1146,1499,1523]" captionStart="Figures 14–17" captionStartId="11.[125,194,1454,1473]" captionTargetBox="[250,1047,135,1412]" captionTargetId="figure-75@11.[250,1047,133,1418]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 14–17. Stethynium breviovipositor, male. (14) Antenna. (15) Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. (16) Mesosoma and metasoma, lateral. (17) Genitalia, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232383/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">Figures 16, 17</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF391456FFC9FFB9C2E6F9DEACEE1211" blockId="12.[138,218,1580,1604]" box="[138,218,1580,1604]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC9FFB9C2E6F9DEACEE1211" box="[138,218,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">Biology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF391456FFC9FFB8C2E6F9AFAF881670" blockId="12.[138,1185,1629,1685]" lastBlockId="13.[125,1172,137,549]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1920" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">
Galls containing late second or third instar larvae were found to be suitable for successful development of 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFC9FFB9C328F98FADF412C0" authorityName="Enock" authorityYear="1909" box="[324,448,1661,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Stethynium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC9FFB9C328F98FADF412C0" box="[324,448,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1919">Stethynium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A female wasp (the species could not be ascertained) inserts its ovipositor into the gall, most probably through a stomatal pore; these are found on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the galls. Perhaps, 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFC8FFB8C0ADFF5BAF081494" authorityName="Huber &amp; Mendel &amp; Protasov &amp; Salle" authorityYear="2006" box="[705,828,169,193]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Stethynium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1920" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophelimi">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC8FFB8C0ADFF5BAF081494" box="[705,828,169,193]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1920">S. ophelimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
manages to parasitize second larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFC8FFB8C296FF3BAD4B14B4" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[250,383,201,225]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Ophelimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1920" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maskelli">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC8FFB8C296FF3BAD4B14B4" box="[250,383,201,225]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1920">O. maskelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, reaching them with its relatively long ovipositor, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFC8FFB8C610FF3BAD2D1557" authorityName="Huber &amp; Mendel &amp; Protasov &amp; Salle" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Stethynium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1920" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviovipositor">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC8FFB8C610FF3BAD2D1557" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1920">S. breviovipositor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may only reach mature host larvae when they fill the gall chamber and are thus easier to reach with a short ovipositor. It seems that eggs and first instar larvae are ignored by the wasp, whereas the pupa is unsuitable for development. 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFC8FFB8C1DCFED9A8181516" authorityName="Enock" authorityYear="1909" box="[944,1068,299,323]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Stethynium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1920" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC8FFB8C1DCFED9A8181516" box="[944,1068,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1920">Stethynium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
survived for a relatively short period. Male and female survival seemed to be similar. Food has a significant effect on adult survival (
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC8FFB8C051FE9EAE7A15D6" box="[573,590,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1920">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="63021613FFC8FFB8C021FE84AEE515D6" attach="left" box="[589,721,363,390]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="1920">7, 16526.9</subScript>
; 
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC8FFB8C089FE9EAEC115D6" box="[741,757,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1920">P</emphasis>
,0.0001, one-way ANOVA; 
<bibRefCitation id="9B1769A7FFC8FFB8C60DFE99AD1F15F1" author="SAS Institute" pageId="13" pageNumber="1920" refId="ref5549" refString="SAS Institute, 2002. SAS / STAT user's guide. Version 6.11. Cary (NC): SAS Institute. 2 volumes." type="book" year="2002">SAS Institute 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Wasps fed with honey and water solution, with or without fresh young leaves present, lived for about 2 days. Wasps that were not given food or water, or that were given only water, or that were placed on leaves with galls 58–62 days after oviposition, survived for 1 day only. The low mean survival on galled foliage and 
<taxonomicName id="38866FD5FFC8FFB8C1ADFE1FA80C1650" baseAuthorityName="Girault" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[961,1080,493,517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1920" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CDF2C844FFC8FFB8C1ADFE1FA80C1650" box="[961,1080,493,517]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1920">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flowers suggests that neither nectar nor pollen feeding, nor host feeding occur.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>