215 lines
15 KiB
XML
215 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84c8a2ac-d7b8-46f3-9888-ce6c1485ac65" ID-PMC="PMC3088436" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-68-1" ID-PubMed="21594036" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-68-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 68" ModsDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho–)calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" checkinTime="1451250894870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Van Soest, Rob W. M., Beglinger, Elly J. & De Voogd, Nicole J." docDate="2010" docId="7CCFA56CE842286D97AAB19C1D2A87CB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 68: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 68" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" docTitle="Dercitus (Stoeba) senegalensis Soest, Beglinger & Voogd, 2010, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="5D0AFFB7C87613675E79FFF7DA38AE2E" masterDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1668164561298" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Beglinger, Elly J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>De Voogd, Nicole J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>68</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-68-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360712" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1243255F-E761-4220-99AA-1CA8C9826132" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7CCFA56CE842286D97AAB19C1D2A87CB" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1243255F-E761-4220-99AA-1CA8C9826132" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) senegalensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="senegalensis" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus Stoeba senegalensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="18" pageNumber="19">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C9A–D">A-C9A-D</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus plicatus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plicatus">Dercitus plicatus</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Levi, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire (A, Sciences naturelles)" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="34 - 59" title="Spongiaires de la cote du Senegal." volume="14" year="1952">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lévi">Levi</normalizedToken>
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1952
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 42, fig. 5;
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<bibRefCitation author="Van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="205 - 219" title="Affinities of the Marine Demospongiae Fauna of the Cape Verde Islands and Tropical West Africa" volume="159" year="1993">Van Soest 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: Table 2, pars (not:
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus plicatus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plicatus">Dercitus plicatus</taxonomicName>
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sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt, O" journalOrPublisher="Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" title="Die Spongien der Kueste von Algier" volumeTitle="Mit Nachtraegen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement)" year="1868">Schmidt 1868</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Holotype ZMA Por. 21530, off the coast of Senegal, coll. F.P. Vermeulen, 1906, fish trawl.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Paratype ZMA 06721, Mauritania, off Banc
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Arguin">d'Arguin</normalizedToken>
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, 19.0667°N; 16.4167°W, dredged at 12-18 m, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, R.V.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="’Tyro’">'Tyro'</normalizedToken>
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Mauritania II Expedition stat. 049, 11 June 1988.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">Additional</pageBreakToken>
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(non-type) material ZMA Por. 21697, Aegean Sea, fragment of specimen nr. 101 of E.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Voultsiadou’s">Voultsiadou's</normalizedToken>
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collections.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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(Figs 8A, 9A). Sponge encrusting and agglutinating calcareous fragments, colour dirty white. Lateral size approx. 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3 cm. The holotype now consist of three fragmented pieces, the paratype is 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5 cm. Consistency crumbly.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Skeleton: a confused mass of calthrops with a crust of microscleres at the surface.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Spicules: calthrops (no dichocalthrops) and sanidasters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Calthrops (Figs 8B, 9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
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), often with bifid or bluntly rounded cladi, occasionally five-claded, in a wide size range but upper size relatively large, cladi length and thickness 92
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–299.8–">-299.8-</normalizedToken>
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426
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–38.6–">-38.6-</normalizedToken>
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55
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(in holotype) and 36
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–224.9–">-224.9-</normalizedToken>
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480
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–28.6–">-28.6-</normalizedToken>
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60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, cladomes 126
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–462.6–">-462.6-</normalizedToken>
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618
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(holotype) and 61
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–300.4–">-300.4-</normalizedToken>
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810
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(paratype).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Sanidasters (Figs 8C, 9D), relatively uniform in size and spination, relatively small: 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–12.6–">-12.6-</normalizedToken>
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17
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(holotype) and 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–17.3–">-17.3-</normalizedToken>
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21
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(paratype).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">Figure</pageBreakToken>
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8.
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) senegalensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="senegalensis" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus (Stoeba) senegalensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype ZMA Por. 06721, Senegal, A habit (scale bar 1 cm) B calthrops including variations in shape and number of cladi C various sanidasters.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Figure 9.
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) senegalensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="senegalensis" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus (Stoeba) senegalensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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Paratype ZMA Por. 06721, Mauritania, off Banc
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Arguin">d'Arguin</normalizedToken>
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, A habit, B overview of megascleres C calthrops D various sanidasters
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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Possible additional member of
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) senegalensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="senegalensis" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus (Stoeba) senegalensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., ZMA Por. 21697, Aegean Sea E calthrops F sanidaster.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Named after the locality of the holotype.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Consolidating coarse limestone fragments on rubble bottoms.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Senegal, Mauritania, possibly (Eastern) Mediterranean.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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The new species was formerly identified as
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) plicatus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plicatus" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus (Stoeba) plicatus</taxonomicName>
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, but it differs clearly by the much larger upper size of the calthrops and the apparent absence of dichocalthrops. There are some discrepancies between the two type specimens in the average size and thickness of the spicules, but in view of the generally large size variation this is considered intraspecific variation. It is likely that
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lévi’s">Levi's</normalizedToken>
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Senegal record of
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus plicatus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plicatus">Dercitus plicatus</taxonomicName>
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also fits with this species, as it was similarly white coloured, and also lacked dichocalthrops. The size of the cladi of the calthrops were given as maximum 250
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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which is clearly larger than in Mediterranean
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus plicatus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plicatus">Dercitus plicatus</taxonomicName>
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and within the range of our new species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
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ZMA collection contains a tiny fragment of a specimen from the Aegean Sea donated by E. Voultsiadou (ZMA 21697) which has calthrops (Fig. 9E) with cladi up to 295
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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48
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(cladomes up to 475
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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), and which lacked dichocalthrops. Sanidasters similar in size and shape to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) senegalensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="senegalensis" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus (Stoeba) senegalensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., especially to the paratype. Apart from the wide geographic separation, this fits with our new species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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The record of
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<bibRefCitation author="Pansini, M" editor="Vacelet, J" journalOrPublisher="Springer Verlag, Berlin" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="149 - 186" title="Littoral demosponges from the Banks of the Strait of Sicily and the Alboran Sea" volumeTitle="Taxonomy of Porifera from the N. E. Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea" year="1987">Pansini (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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of
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus plicatus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plicatus">Dercitus plicatus</taxonomicName>
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from the Alboran Sea possibly also belongs to this species as it was noted to lack dichotriaenes. However, since no further data were provided this remains undecided.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |