800 lines
52 KiB
XML
800 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.203.83529" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-203-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="001CD6EE01E8575F81AC9EFDD0599077" ModsDocID="1314-2003-203-1" checkinTime="1659410005165" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Boza Espinoza, Tatiana Erika & Kessler, Michael" docDate="2022" docId="741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 203: 1-274" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 203" docPubDate="2022-08-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.203.83529" docTitle="Polylepis quadrijuga Bitter, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 613, pl. 6. 1911." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="001CD6EE01E8575F81AC9EFDD0599077" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="001CD6EE01E8575F81AC9EFDD0599077" masterDocTitle="A monograph of the genus Polylepis (Rosaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1659410005165" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A monograph of the genus Polylepis (Rosaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Boza Espinoza, Tatiana Erika</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9925-1795</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Nature, Earth and Energy (INTE), Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 15088, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">tatianaerika@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kessler, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4612-9937</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH- 8008 Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-08-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>203</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>274</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.203.83529</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.203.83529</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-203-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">001CD6EE01E8575F81AC9EFDD0599077</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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19.
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<taxonomicName authority="Bitter, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 613, pl. 6. 1911." authorityName="Bitter, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 613, pl. 6. 1911." class="Aves" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polylepis quadrijuga" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="quadrijuga">Polylepis quadrijuga Bitter, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 613, pl. 6. 1911.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Polylepis quadrijuga Bitter A flowering branches B habit C habit. Scale bars: 3 cm (A). Photographs by D. Cabrera." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.203.83529.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/721370" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 53</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Polylepis quadrijuga Bitter A flowering branch B stipular sheaths C inflorescence D upper leaf surface E lower leaf surface (A Montenegro 2717 B Huerta 6565 C Cuatrecasas 27741 D, E Stancik 2463). Scale bars: 3 cm (A); 4 cm (C); 2 cm (D, E). Photographs by J. M. Velez." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.203.83529.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/721371" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 54</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polylepis boyacensis" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="boyacensis">Polylepis boyacensis</taxonomicName>
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Cuatrecasas, Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 4: 343, f. 13-14. 1941. Type. Colombia.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
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: Cordillera Oriental,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
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de Santa Rosita between Belen and Susacon, 3300-3400 m, 3 August 1940,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cuatrecasas 10374</emphasis>
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(holotype: P!; isotypes: COL!, US!).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polylepis cocuyensis" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="cocuyensis">Polylepis cocuyensis</taxonomicName>
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Killip & Cuatrecasas, Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 5(17): 33. F. 19.1942. Type. Colombia.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
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: Nevado del Cocuy in the Quebrada of San Paulino, El
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Morrón">Morron</normalizedToken>
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, 3800 m, 11 September 1938,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cuatrecasas 1405</emphasis>
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(holotype: US!; isotypes: P!, U!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Colombia" location="Cundinamarca" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cundinamarca" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
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: Cordillera Oriental,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramos">Paramos</normalizedToken>
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de
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1844-05" country="Colombia" location="Muzo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bogota" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Bogota">Bogota</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:197E1CD5FC6FFA70E9946A5238ED74B2" country="Colombia" name="Muzo" stateProvince="Bogota">Muzo</location>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1844-05">May 1844</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Goudot s.n</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: P!)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.203.83529.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/721370" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 53" startId="F53">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 53.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polylepis quadrijuga" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="quadrijuga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polylepis quadrijuga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bitter
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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flowering branches
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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habit. Scale bars:
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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). Photographs by D. Cabrera.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Trees</emphasis>
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2-10 m tall.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
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slightly congested at the branch tips, imparipinnate with 3-4 pairs of lateral leaflets, obtrullate in outline, (4.2-)4.4-5.3(-6.5)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.4-3.2 cm; rachises densely tomentose, points of leaflet attachment with a tuft of long, lanate hairs; stipular sheaths apically acute with spurs, densely lanate on the outer surfaces; leaflets elliptic in outline, second pair from the terminal leaflet the largest, one of this pair 1.5-2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.7-1.1 cm; margin entire or slightly crenate with 4-6 teeth, apically emarginate, basally unequally cordate; upper leaflet surfaces glabrous; lower leaflet surfaces densely tomentose with whitish hairs 0.7-0.9 mm long.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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pendant, (6.0-)7.3-10.5(-12.3) cm long, bearing 11-19 flowers; floral bracts 4.3-4.7 mm long, narrowly triangular, densely lanate on the outer surface; rachises tomentose.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers</emphasis>
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6.8-9.5 mm diam.; sepals 4, ovate, green, densely tomentose outside; stamens 9-19, anthers orbicular, with a dense tuft of straight white hairs on the upper half; styles fimbriate, 3.7-4.6 mm long.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fruits</emphasis>
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turbinate, with variable numbers and placement of flattened spines, densely villous; 4.6-6.5(-7.2)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5.1-7.2 mm including spines.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diploid</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.203.83529.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/721371" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 54" startId="F54">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 54.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polylepis quadrijuga" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="quadrijuga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polylepis quadrijuga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bitter
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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flowering branch
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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stipular sheaths
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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upper leaf surface
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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lower leaf surface (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montenegro 2717</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Huerta 6565</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cuatrecasas 27741</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stancik 2463</emphasis>
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). Scale bars: 3 cm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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); 4 cm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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); 2 cm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E</emphasis>
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). Photographs by J. M.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Vélez">Velez</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution, habitat, and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polylepis quadrijuga" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="quadrijuga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polylepis quadrijuga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is found in north-eastern Colombia from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
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de la Rusia (Santander) across
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
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Guina,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
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Belen,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
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Guantiva and Sierra Nevada Cocuy (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
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) to Maciso de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sumapáz">Sumapaz</normalizedToken>
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and Chingaza National Natural Park (Cundinamarca) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="F61" captionText="Figure 61. Geographical distribution of the species of section Polylepis Reticulatae." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.203.83529.figure61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/721378" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">61</figureCitation>
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). It grows in humid
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramos">Paramos</normalizedToken>
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at 2200-4250 m elevation.
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<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polylepis quadrijuga" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="quadrijuga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polylepis quadrijuga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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represents 33.7% (1032.2 ha) of the total area of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" authorityYear="1794" class="Aves" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polylepis" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polylepis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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forest identified for Colombia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Fadino, Y" journalOrPublisher="Conservacion Colombiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 69" refId="B88" refString="Fadino, Y, Caro, DA, 2009. Mapa general de identificacion de areas potenciales de bosques de Polylepis en los Andes Colombianos. Una Aproximacion a los bosques de Polylepis en Colombia. Conservacion Colombiana 10: 1 - 69" title="Mapa general de identificacion de areas potenciales de bosques de Polylepis en los Andes Colombianos. Una Aproximacion a los bosques de Polylepis en Colombia." volume="10" year="2009">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fadiño">Fadino</normalizedToken>
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and Caro 2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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). It is often associated with
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Diplostephium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplostephium tenuifolium" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuifolium">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diplostephium tenuifolium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Diplostephium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Escalloniaceae" genus="Escallonia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Escallonia myrtilloides" order="Escalloniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myrtilloides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Escallonia myrtilloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Escalloniaceae" genus="Escallonia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Escalloniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Escalloniaceae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Rangel-Ch, O" editor="Rangel-Ch, O" journalOrPublisher="Cambio Global (Natural) y Climatico (Antropico) en el paramo colombiano. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales-Facultad de Ciencias-Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Febrero)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 478" refId="B253" refString="Rangel-Ch, O, Arellano, H, 2010. Bosques de Polylepis: Un Tipo de Vegetacion condenado a la Extincion. In: Rangel-Ch, O, Ed., Colombia Diversidad Biotica X. Cambio Global (Natural) y Climatico (Antropico) en el paramo colombiano. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales-Facultad de Ciencias-Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Febrero): 443 - 478" title="Bosques de Polylepis: Un Tipo de Vegetacion condenado a la Extincion." volumeTitle="Colombia Diversidad Biotica X." year="2010">Rangel-Ch and Arellano 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The estimated EOO for
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<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polylepis quadrijuga" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="quadrijuga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polylepis quadrijuga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is 16,286 km2 and the AOO is 84 km2. It is known from 16 locations.
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<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polylepis quadrijuga" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="quadrijuga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polylepis quadrijuga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
is protected within Chingaza and Sumapaz National Natural Parks and Cocuy National Park. Although the species occurs within these protected areas, it is also found in heavily fragmented forest regions. Perhaps the most worrying area is the corridor Rusia-Guantiva
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramos">Paramos</normalizedToken>
|
||
because of the absence of protected areas that would help to mitigate the current pressures (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rangel-Ch, O" journalOrPublisher="Ecotropicos" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B252" refString="Rangel-Ch, O, Arellano, H, 2007. Los bosques de Polylepis en Colombia: Riqueza y Amenazas para su Conservacion. In: Documento de Trabajo "Esperanza para los bosques de Polylepis". Taller Lineamientos estrategicos para la Conservacion de los bosques de Polylepis en el Colombia. PROAVES Colombia, 7-9." title="Los bosques de Polylepis en Colombia: Riqueza y Amenazas para su Conservacion. In: Documento de Trabajo " Esperanza para los bosques de Polylepis ". Taller Lineamientos estrategicos para la Conservacion de los bosques de Polylepis en el Colombia. PROAVES Colombia, 7 - 9." year="2007">Rangel-Ch and Arellano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The rising of the potato crop line is a strong threat to the permanence of these forests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rangel-Ch, O" editor="Rangel-Ch, O" journalOrPublisher="Cambio Global (Natural) y Climatico (Antropico) en el paramo colombiano. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales-Facultad de Ciencias-Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Febrero)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 478" refId="B253" refString="Rangel-Ch, O, Arellano, H, 2010. Bosques de Polylepis: Un Tipo de Vegetacion condenado a la Extincion. In: Rangel-Ch, O, Ed., Colombia Diversidad Biotica X. Cambio Global (Natural) y Climatico (Antropico) en el paramo colombiano. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales-Facultad de Ciencias-Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Febrero): 443 - 478" title="Bosques de Polylepis: Un Tipo de Vegetacion condenado a la Extincion." volumeTitle="Colombia Diversidad Biotica X." year="2010">Rangel-Ch and Arellano 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as is the reduction of the potential range due to climate change (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.661550" author="Caballero-Villalobos, L" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Quaternary Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B39" refString="Caballero-Villalobos, L, Fajardo-Gutierrez, F, Calbi, M, Silva-Arias, GA, 2021. Climate change can drive a significant loss of suitable habitat for Polylepis quadrijuga, a treeline species in the sky islands of the northern Andes. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9: e661550. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.661550" title="Climate change can drive a significant loss of suitable habitat for Polylepis quadrijuga, a treeline species in the sky islands of the northern Andes. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9: e 661550." url="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.661550" year="2021">Caballero-Villalobos et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We assess
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Rosaceae" genus="P." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. quadrijuga" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="quadrijuga">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. quadrijuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as Vulnerable (A2a, B1a+B2a, D2a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polylepis quadrijuga" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="quadrijuga">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polylepis quadrijuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Rosaceae" genus="P." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. frontinensis" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="frontinensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. frontinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It differs from it by its elliptic leaflets with tomentose hairs 0.7-0.9 mm long, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Rosaceae" genus="P." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. frontinensis" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="frontinensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. frontinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has obovate leaflets with villous hairs 1.4-1.8 mm long. Further,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Rosaceae" genus="P." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. quadrijuga" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="quadrijuga">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. quadrijuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Rosaceae" genus="P." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. occidentalis" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with which it shares elliptic leaflets, with deeply emarginate apices, entire to slightly crenate margins and densely tomentose lower leaflet surfaces. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Rosaceae" genus="P." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. quadrijuga" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="quadrijuga">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. quadrijuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has broader leaflets 0.7-1.1 cm, longer lower leaflet surface hairs 0.7-0.9 mm, longer inflorescences 6.0-12.3 cm, bearing 11-19 flowers and longer styles 3.7-4.6 mm, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Rosaceae" genus="P." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. occidentalis" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has leaflets 0.5-0.8 cm width, lower leaflet hairs 0.3-0.6 mm long, inflorescences 2.4-6.7 cm long with 4-12 flowers and styles 1.5-2.0 mm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1940-08-03" collectingDateMax="2017-02-07" collectingDateMin="1940-08-03" collectorName="Corregimiento El Carmen, El Cocuy, Guican. Alto de la Cueva, La Guaca, El Junco, de Colorado, de Laguna Cajitas, el Paramo de Chisaca, de Sumapaz, D. C. Paramo de Sumapaz., Franco, Subachoque, Vereda Tobal, Hernandez, Cogua-San Cayetano, SW de la Laguna Verde, Cleef, Macizo, Cuatrecasas, Dist. Especial, Oriental, de Chisaca, Garcia, Fomeque, de Chingaza, de La Laguna, Huertas, Mpio., la Laguna de Chisaca, Santa Rosa, Mahecha, Usme, Ranghel, Uribe" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" elevation="3450" latitude="4.276667" location="Virolin" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Boyaca">Boyaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Duitama</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Corregimiento El Carmen</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="vía">via</normalizedToken>
|
||
a
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:E8C109221CD31A744E9072AA79339231" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Virolin" stateProvince="Boyaca">Virolin</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:ADCF40BEC2A7229DAAB302BB7B8B29DD" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Paramo de La Rusia" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
de La Rusia
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.4" unit="m" value="3450.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3400.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.4" unit="m" value="3450.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3400.0">3400-3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1994-11-19">19 November 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Betancur 5610</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:37586BD814F33C5C8CA57E0204204B51" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Paramo de Rusia. Km" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Rusia. Km
|
||
</location>
|
||
3 from the summit of the road
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Duitama-Abendaños">Duitama-Abendanos</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="3500.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1999-02-12">12 February 1999</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stancík">Stancik</normalizedToken>
|
||
2384
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!).
|
||
<collectorName>El Cocuy</collectorName>
|
||
, Cordillera Oriental,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:70C22609C51F2A6F0ACE59853D4CFB25" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Sierra Nevada del Cocuy" stateProvince="Boyaca">Sierra Nevada del Cocuy</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:E940B5196131767AB59F0280C00C1DC6" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Quebrada de San Paulino" stateProvince="Boyaca">Quebrada de San Paulino</location>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="próximo">proximo</normalizedToken>
|
||
Alto Ritacuva,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="3500.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1959-04-07">07 April 1959</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barclay 7303</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!, MO!);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:D985DDD0F97F22578AA7A13395851C59" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Cocuy National Park" stateProvince="Boyaca">Cocuy National Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:5D9B1938114E5CD30C8657414FB050FA" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Concavito Valley" stateProvince="Boyaca">Concavito Valley</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="6.4275">06°25'39"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="072" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-72.32083">072°19'15"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="4000.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-02-07">07 February 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Olivares 570</emphasis>
|
||
(Z!).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guicán">Guican</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Guican. Alto de la Cueva</collectorName>
|
||
limite Cocuy-Guican, Finca Eudoro
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carreño">Carreno</normalizedToken>
|
||
y Margarita
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carreño">Carreno</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="estación">estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
del Himat,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="6.409167">06°24'33"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="072" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-72.37778">072°22'40"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9299999999999997" unit="m" value="3930.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9299999999999997" unit="m" value="3930.0">3930 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1996-10-14">14 October 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cruz 164</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!). Susacon,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
passing Sussacon in direction to soata,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" unit="m" value="3150.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" unit="m" value="3150.0">3150 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1999-02-23">23 February 1999</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stancík">Stancik</normalizedToken>
|
||
2463
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!). Cordillera Oriwntal;
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:E07A8059125C118D0FB8E27B3A901001" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Paramo de Guina-Santa Rosita" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Guina-Santa Rosita
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.3" unit="m" value="3350.0" valueMax="3400.0" valueMin="3300.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.3" unit="m" value="3350.0" valueMax="3400.0" valueMin="3300.0">3300-3400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1940-08-03">03 August 1940</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cuatrecasas 10374</emphasis>
|
||
(US!); NNW de
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:641908D10A87AA000D43D54BEA7B4623" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Duitama" stateProvince="Boyaca">Duitama</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:95FEA8B862064BE825C8162A875ABD8C" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Paramo de La Rusia" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
de La Rusia
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:7D99ACB877E74F8B708B0FD527E92E53" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Avenida de Penas Negras" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
Avenida de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñas">Penas</normalizedToken>
|
||
Negras
|
||
</location>
|
||
(Buenos Aires),
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" unit="m" value="3550.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" unit="m" value="3550.0">3550 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1989-09-11">11 September 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cuatrecasas 27741</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:06EDF75BA9D38EA6BB5EEC275B5448E9" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Hoya del Rio Cusiana" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
Hoya del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cusiana
|
||
</location>
|
||
, Vadohondo,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.88" unit="m" value="2880.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.88" unit="m" value="2880.0">2880 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1973-03-31">31 March 1973</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cuatrecasas 28708</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:B94D04E13B408AEB819D5BCCA2CCEB5C" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Mpio. de Guican" stateProvince="Boyaca">Mpio. de Guican</location>
|
||
, vereda
|
||
<collectorName>La Guaca</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>El Junco</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.716" unit="m" value="3716.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.716" unit="m" value="3716.0">3716 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1981-07-23">23 July 1981</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
|
||
s.n
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!); arriba de la confluencia con el
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:8F346B23D7944163998CCD3B17D7AC8A" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="rio Upia" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Upía">Upia</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:217E215F09E2CE25E8D88D9FCF8DDAA9" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Rio Olarte" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Olarte
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0149999999999997" unit="m" value="3015.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0149999999999997" unit="m" value="3015.0">3015 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1955-02-27">27 February 1955</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Molano s.n</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:2D8127F3FC46CA255A0A1EA4B5FBF4C1" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Paramo de Colorado" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>de Colorado</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="3200.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1960-05-11">11 May 1960</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montenegro 2717A</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Pasca, Vereda Cajita, borde
|
||
<collectorName>de Laguna Cajitas</collectorName>
|
||
en
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
el
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:EADE2C5320038B144E211451A05C88EE" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Paramo de Chisaca" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chisacá">Chisaca</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="m" value="3700.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="m" value="3700.0">3700 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1983-10-04">04 October 1983</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarmiento 2000</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Santafé">Santafe</normalizedToken>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Bogota">Bogota</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:AAFB81CF06F12399DEAB0E622FE63B8E" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Macizo de Sumapaz" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
Macizo
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sumapáz">Sumapaz</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:D9763BF0B5D83053761BD8C8D2598DC0" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Cuchilla La Rabona" stateProvince="Boyaca">Cuchilla La Rabona</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="40" value="4.077778">04°04'40"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="074" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-74.21667">074°13'00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.925" metricValueMax="3.95" metricValueMin="3.9" unit="m" value="3925.0" valueMax="3950.0" valueMin="3900.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.925" metricValueMax="3.95" metricValueMin="3.9" unit="m" value="3925.0" valueMax="3950.0" valueMin="3900.0">3900-3950 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1981-07-17">17 July 1981</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
|
||
2902B
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!, MO!);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Bogota">Bogota</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
D.C.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:AA1A637C0EC2246F8D1F6F4BB88DC3C2" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Paramo de Sumapaz." stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Sumapaz.
|
||
</location>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
ladera de la laguna Tunjos (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chisacá">Chisaca</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="4.276667">04°16'36"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="074" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="17" value="-74.20472">074°12'17"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.725" unit="m" value="3725.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.725" unit="m" value="3725.0">3725 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1997-02-19">19 February 1997</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName>Franco</collectorName>
|
||
5632
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!, MO!).
|
||
<collectorName>Subachoque</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Vereda Tobal</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" unit="m" value="2800.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2003-11-09">09 November 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hernández">
|
||
<collectorName>Hernandez</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
1407
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!); carretera
|
||
<collectorName>Cogua-San Cayetano</collectorName>
|
||
, cebeceras
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:8E192376A169E6C9BD3C8867FEAE0E19" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Rio Guandoque" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Guandoque
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
al
|
||
<collectorName>SW de la Laguna Verde</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="3400.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="3400.0">3400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1972-06-01">01 June 1972</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName>Cleef</collectorName>
|
||
4213
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!);
|
||
<collectorName>Macizo</collectorName>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Bogota">Bogota</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
, eastern slopes of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:EF8A679B374F26D6D20B6BEA7CE6D297" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Paramo de Chisaca. Quebrada de Santa Rosa" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Chisaca. Quebrada de Santa Rosa
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="subPáramo">subParamo</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.325" metricValueMax="3.35" metricValueMin="3.3" unit="m" value="3325.0" valueMax="3350.0" valueMin="3300.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.325" metricValueMax="3.35" metricValueMin="3.3" unit="m" value="3325.0" valueMax="3350.0" valueMin="3300.0">3300-3350 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1961-09-16">16 September 1961</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName>Cuatrecasas</collectorName>
|
||
25999
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!);
|
||
<collectorName>Dist. Especial</collectorName>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Bogota">Bogota</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
; cordillera
|
||
<collectorName>Oriental</collectorName>
|
||
; lagunas
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chisacá">Chisaca</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
||
al
|
||
<locationDeviation location="Sumapaz">N de Sumapaz</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.3" unit="m" value="3650.0" valueMax="4000.0" valueMin="3300.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.3" unit="m" value="3650.0" valueMax="4000.0" valueMin="3300.0">3300-4000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1959-09-10">10 September 1959</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">
|
||
<collectorName>Garcia</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
17192
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(AAU!);
|
||
<collectorName>Fomeque</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:AF7DBA39D011DEDC13AD31EACA9CA4AF" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Paramo de Chingaza" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>de Chingaza</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, a orillas
|
||
<collectorName>de La Laguna</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="3200.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1966-11-03">03 November 1966</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName>Huertas</collectorName>
|
||
6565
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!);
|
||
<collectorName>Mpio.</collectorName>
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Bogota">Bogota</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:78243B597A18FF25AE7B1716E993269A" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Paramo de Sumapaz" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>de Sumapaz</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, entre
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
la
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:21D84FA982B63C47DCFE5B82D181AF43" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Laguna de Chisaca" stateProvince="Boyaca">Laguna de Chisaca</location>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
y
|
||
<collectorName>Santa Rosa</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1989-05-01">01 May 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName>Mahecha</collectorName>
|
||
10121
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!);
|
||
<collectorName>Usme</collectorName>
|
||
, al sur de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Bogota">Bogota</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1944-01-01">01 January 1944</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName>Ranghel</collectorName>
|
||
s.n
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:2EFF2192E03B709E529F215BAFFD2B09" country="Colombia" county="Duitama" latitude="4.276667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.20472" municipality="Corregimiento El Carmen" name="Macizo de Sumapaz" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
Macizo
|
||
<collectorName>de Sumapaz</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, cerca a
|
||
<collectorName>Santa Rosa</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.6" unit="m" value="3650.0" valueMax="3700.0" valueMin="3600.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.6" unit="m" value="3650.0" valueMax="3700.0" valueMin="3600.0">3600-3700 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1963-09-30">30 September 1963</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName>Uribe</collectorName>
|
||
4491
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1999-12-15" collectorName="Galindo" country="Colombia" county="Encino" elevation="3450" latitude="5.9833336" location="Microcuenca" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-73.066666" municipality="Vereda Rionegro" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santander">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Santander">Santander</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Encino</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Vereda Rionegro</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:19DAF33D23820F29C172AF3BBE53DDFC" country="Colombia" county="Encino" latitude="5.9833336" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-73.066666" municipality="Vereda Rionegro" name="Microcuenca" stateProvince="Santander">Microcuenca</location>
|
||
de la quebrada
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741F0E6B5D9745B46AA99759DDF294FC:DB40FBEF0A0B1BF1EC1BBBCB1009DCFE" country="Colombia" county="Encino" latitude="5.9833336" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-73.066666" municipality="Vereda Rionegro" name="Chontales" stateProvince="Santander">Chontales</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.9833336">05°59'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="073" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.066666">073°04'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.4" unit="m" value="3450.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3400.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.4" unit="m" value="3450.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3400.0">3400-3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1999-12-15">15 December 1999</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName>Galindo</collectorName>
|
||
300
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |