144 lines
19 KiB
XML
144 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="00F6D104174408CDDD64F28A4395802D">Bivalves from the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates from central Spitsbergen, Svalbard</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5E87331FD90006876D00D8E577588C08">Hryniewicz, Krzysztof</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="17DB47F41E1EB6C0850F266C0E461DEE">Little, Crispin T. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E9546FC1E1EEA245239660B20790C584">Nakrem, Hans Arne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="95F31A119361BD7EF6D2343C4D69DE4B">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A2311D4D9F0CE33004E6FC8BFE9E2F60" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929779" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184646038" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4929779" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A2311D4D9F0CE33004E6FC8BFE9E2F60" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A2311D4D9F0CE33004E6FC8BFE9E2F60" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F0CE33004E6FC8BFE752A1D" box="[151,477,814,840]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F0CE33004E6FC8BFE752A1D" blockId="21.[151,477,814,874]" box="[151,477,814,840]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="716F1B379F0CE33004E6FC8BFE752A1D" bold="true" box="[151,477,814,840]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0CE33004E6FC8BFE752A1D" bold="true" box="[151,477,814,840]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F0CE33004E6FC8BFEA42A1D" ID-CoL="7NG8V" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,268,814,840]" class="Bivalvia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="order">Pectinida</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. indet.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F0CE33004E6FCF4FD972AFA" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F0CE33004E6FCF4FEFA2A3F" blockId="21.[151,477,814,874]" box="[151,338,849,874]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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(
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<figureCitation id="B2A3B0DE9F0CE33004EFFCF4FEE02A3F" box="[158,328,849,874]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1156,1178]" captionTargetId="figure-22@23.[177,1424,193,1980]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. (A–B) Pectinida gen. et. sp. indet. (A) Cross section of an articulated specimen. (B) Internal mould of the upper valve. Note possible adductor muscle scar and a line close to the dorsal margin, representing a possible dorsal furrow. (C–G) Oxytoma octavia (d’Orbigny, 1850). (C) Lateral view of a small left valve internal mould with fragments of the shell preserved showing weak radial ornament. (D) Enlarged view of anterodorsal portion area showing weak byssal notch. (E) Lateral view of a large left valve showing well developed radial ornament composed of primary and secondary ribs. (F) Lateral view of a right valve; lack of ornament is caused by shell delamination. Note very weak posterior sulcus and flattening of the valve. Probable shape of auricle is shown with dashed line (evidence from other partial specimens). (G) Plasticine cast of right valve external mould. Note radial ornament composed of primary and secondary ribs. (H–K) Camptonectes (Costicamptonectes) aff. milnelandensis Fürsich, 1982. (H–I) Right valve internal mould with shell partially preserved showing some divaricating ornament preserved close to the posterior shell margin. (J–K) External mould of right valve of a specimen from the Dorsoplanites bed, showing radial ribs close to the anterior shell margin and divaricating ornament preserved close to the posterior shell margin. (L–O) Camptonectes (Camptochlamys) clathratus (Roemer, 1836). (L–M) Lateral view of poorly preserved left valve showing cancellate external ornament in ventral margin. (N–O) Lateral view of a disarticulated and compressed shell from the Dorsoplanites bed showing cancellate ornament. Note distinct anterior auricle in the right valve. (P–R) Pseudolimea arctica (Zakharov, 1966). (P) Lateral view of left valve internal mould with some shell preserved around the ventral margin, with V-shaped ribs on the outer shell surface and corresponding rounded ribs on the internal mould. (Q) Lateral view of right valve, with anterior and posterior auricles and lack of secondary ribs caused by shell delamination. (R) Silicone rubber cast of small area of shell surface showing detail of external ornament, with large primary ribs and smaller secondary riblets in the interrib spaces. (A) PMO 226.609, (B) PMO 226.610, (C–D) PMO 217.562, (E) PMO 217.555, (F) PMO 217.214, (G) PMO 217.570, (H–I) PMO 226.606, (J–K) PMO 226.604, (L–M) PMO 226.605, (N–O) PMO 226.603, (P) PMO 217.194, (Q) PMO 217.353, (R) PMO 217.370. Scale bars 5 mm (A–I), 10 mm (J–R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228099/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 10 A–B</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F0CE33004E6FC3CFD972AFA" blockId="21.[151,575,921,943]" box="[151,575,921,943]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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2011 Ostreoidean—Hammer
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0CE33005B0FC3FFE462AFA" box="[449,494,921,943]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
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., tab. 2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F0CE33004E6FC79FA352AA0" box="[151,1437,988,1013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F0CE33004E6FC79FA352AA0" blockId="21.[151,1437,988,1589]" box="[151,1437,988,1013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0CE33004E6FC79FE282AA0" bold="true" box="[151,384,988,1013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Five specimens; fragmented and delaminated shells. See Appendix 1 for the list of specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F0CE33004B4FC5AFB812DD0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F0CE33004B4FC5AFB812DD0" blockId="21.[151,1437,988,1589]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0CE33004B4FC5AFEFF2D4D" bold="true" box="[197,343,1023,1048]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</emphasis>
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Shell thin, roughly round in shape, only weakly inflated. Right valve thin, flat, visible only in cross-section. Left valve thin, weakly convex and larger than right valve; irregularly shaped, no sign of attachment found. Beak weakly incurved, accompanied by a shallow ventrally directed furrow. Weak muscle scar probably represent an adductor muscle scar. Shell ornamented by weak commarginal folds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F0CE33004B4FB2AFE9E2F60" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F0CE33004B4FB2AFC7F2C2A" blockId="21.[151,1437,988,1589]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0CE33004B4FB2AFE912DFD" bold="true" box="[197,313,1167,1192]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The lack of a well demarcated external ligament, the thinness of the shells and the nature of cementation precludes our specimens belonging to the
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<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F0CE3300772FB11FBBB2D98" authority="Ferrusac, 1822" authorityName="Ferrusac" authorityYear="1822" box="[771,1043,1204,1229]" class="Bivalvia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="order">
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Ostreida
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<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F0CE3300718FB11FBBB2D98" author="Ferrusac, A. E. de" box="[873,1043,1204,1229]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref32120" refString="Ferrusac, A. E. de. (1822) Tableaux systematiques des animaux mollusques. A. Bertrand, Paris, 111 pp." type="book" year="1822">Férrusac, 1822</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Instead, the flat right valve facing the substrate and a larger covering left valve indicates that our specimens belong either to the
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<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F0CE3300151FB72FEF52C40" authority="Rafinesque, 1815" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" class="Bivalvia" family="Anomiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
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Anomiidae
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<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F0CE33004E6FB59FEF52C40" author="Rafinesque, C. S." box="[151,349,1276,1301]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref38916" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. (1815) Analyse de la nature. De l'imprimerie de Jean Barravecchia, Palermo, 225 pp." type="book" year="1815">Rafinesque, 1815</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, or the
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<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F0CE33005DEFB59FD6A2C40" authority=", Fischer, 1886" authorityName=", Fischer" authorityYear="1886" box="[431,706,1276,1301]" class="Bivalvia" family="Dimyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
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Dimyidae,
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<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F0CE330065AFB59FD6A2C40" author="Fischer, P." box="[555,706,1276,1301]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="897 - 1008" refId="ref32146" refString="Fischer, P. (1886) Manuel de Conchyliologie et de paleontologie conchyliologique ou histoire naturelle des mollusques vivants et fossils. 10. Classes des pelecypodes. F. Savy, Paris, 897 - 1008. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13213" type="book chapter" year="1886">Fischer, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F0CE3300770FB59FC142C40" author="Coan, E. V. & Scott, P. V. & Bernard, F. R." box="[769,956,1276,1301]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref30671" refString="Coan, E. V., Scott, P. V. & Bernard, F. R. (2000) Bivalve seashells of Western North America. Marine bivalve molluscs from Arctic Alaska to Baja California. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs, 2, vii + 764 pp." type="book" year="2000">
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Coan
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0CE3300732FB58FCD32C40" box="[835,891,1276,1301]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
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2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F0CE33007B6FB59FB0A2C40" author="Coan, E. V. & Scott, P. V." box="[967,1186,1276,1301]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref30726" refString="Coan, E. V. & Scott, P. V. (2012) Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve molluscs from Baja California to Northern Peru. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs, 4, vii + 1258 pp." type="book" year="2012">Coan & Scott 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). An anomiid origin is probably more likely because the dorsal furrow resembles the shell fusion scar characteristic for anomiids (
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<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F0CE3300123FABAFF7B2C08" author="Yonge, C. M." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="453 - 523" refId="ref42806" refString="Yonge, C. M. (1977) Form and evolution in the Anomiacea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) - Pododesmus, Anomia, Patro, Enigmonia (Anomiidae): Placunanomia, Placuna (Placunidae Fam. Nov.). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 276, 453 - 523. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1977.0005" type="journal article" year="1977">Yonge 1977</bibRefCitation>
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). However, the lack of well preserved right valves and adductor muscle scars means we cannot unequivocally include our specimens into either the
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<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F0CE330064AFAC2FD102CD5" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[571,696,1383,1408]" class="Bivalvia" family="Anomiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Anomiidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F0CE330069FFAC2FCF42CD5" authorityName=", Fischer" authorityYear="1886" box="[750,860,1383,1408]" class="Bivalvia" family="Dimyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Dimyidae</taxonomicName>
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at present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F0CE33004B4FA29FE9E2F60" blockId="21.[151,1437,988,1589]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0CE33004B4FA29FEDB2CF0" bold="true" box="[197,371,1420,1445]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Palaeoecology.</emphasis>
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Our species was most likely a filter-feeder attached to hard substrates. Modern anomiids are shallow water forms, attached by a byssus protruding through a foramen in the lower valve (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F0CE3300173FA15FA382C9D" author="Yonge, C. M." box="[1282,1424,1455,1480]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="453 - 523" refId="ref42806" refString="Yonge, C. M. (1977) Form and evolution in the Anomiacea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) - Pododesmus, Anomia, Patro, Enigmonia (Anomiidae): Placunanomia, Placuna (Placunidae Fam. Nov.). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 276, 453 - 523. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1977.0005" type="journal article" year="1977">Yonge 1977</bibRefCitation>
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). Recent
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<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F0CE330049AFA71FEF12CB8" authorityName=", Fischer" authorityYear="1886" box="[235,345,1492,1517]" class="Bivalvia" family="Dimyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Dimyidae</taxonomicName>
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is a cementing group found in deep water and cryptic habitats (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F0CE330003BFA71FB702CB8" author="Waller, T. R." box="[1098,1240,1492,1517]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="829 - 851" refId="ref42061" refString="Waller, T. R. (2012) Morphology, phylogeny, and systematic revision of genera in the Dimyidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pteriomorphia). Journal of Paleontology, 86, 829 - 851. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1666 / 12 - 004.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Waller 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). In the Mesozoic both groups were fairly common in shallow water habitats (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F0CE330070AFA52FB262F45" author="Fursich, F. T. & Werner, W." box="[891,1166,1527,1552]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="325 - 337" refId="ref32604" refString="Fursich, F. T. & Werner, W. (1989) Taxonomy and ecology of Juranomia calcibyssata gen. et sp. nov, a widespread anomiid bivalve from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal. Geobios, 22, 325 - 337. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0016 - 6995 (89) 80135 - 4" type="journal article" year="1989">Fürsich & Werner 1989</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F0CE33000EDFA52FA9E2F45" author="Hodges, P." box="[1180,1334,1527,1552]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="963 - 970" refId="ref34118" refString="Hodges, P. (1991) The relationship of the Mesozoic bivalve Atreta to the Dimyidae. Palaeontology, 34, 963 - 970." type="journal article" year="1991">Hodges 1991</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F0CE3300135FA52FE822F60" author="Todd, J. A. & Palmer, T. J." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="487 - 510" refId="ref41459" refString="Todd, J. A. & Palmer, T. J. (2002) The Jurassic bivalve genus Placunopsis: new evidence on anatomy and affinities. Paleontology, 45, 487 - 510. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / 1475 - 4983.00247" type="journal article" year="2002">Todd & Palmer 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |