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<document id="2C32B0E6CBB7119942B7D236B5C5E6A1" ID-CLB-Dataset="30682" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4382.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b88bfa2d-4b83-41f8-a145-a95ca196960f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1183130" ID-ZooBank="87A2B333-09FF-4726-A1EF-0699FB631808" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1519301947700" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Machado, Miguel, Teixeira, Renato Augusto &amp; Lise, Arno Antonio" docDate="2018" docId="501D87B16730A4322390FE975216BB7E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4382.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4382 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Epicadus pulcher" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="515" masterDocId="AC24FFC9673DA43C2307FFF85679BF26" masterDocTitle="There and back again: More on the taxonomy of the crab spiders genus Epicadus (Thomisidae: Stephanopinae)" masterLastPageNumber="530" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="514" updateTime="1698524041822" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="C7E8DA6FE2B9CA5CB7236DC104912A5D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="D5A072505024EDBCDA579E55B1B6B1D5">There and back again: More on the taxonomy of the crab spiders genus Epicadus (Thomisidae: Stephanopinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0954FECD8622944A45EB343B0AE98FEE">Machado, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D41A3CE7F6F8C70C36B715563AB3152C">Teixeira, Renato Augusto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C185E1A8951E94B10D9ECADDD7EB34E4">Lise, Arno Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="45D54D7D34FBA75F811BAB5D0EAC0A5C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="584B1E57525C657594ABCC626CE9A390">
<mods:date id="DD158DA56E3564A3942A76A1E8D9423E">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9CEAB1D61ED7082240CC787F17EF2163">2018-02-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="93B6EA8C9EEAA0EC17F8EEE36CBEBC6A">4382</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6626AFC725DB835C25FE05C486236FDE">3</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="69E7038A025098F84730AEB23150216C" type="CLB-Dataset">30682</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2FA41687A464BCE938D46912D1F0662E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4382.3.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="501D87B16730A4322390FE975216BB7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5951314" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141118941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5951314" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:501D87B16730A4322390FE975216BB7E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/501D87B16730A4322390FE975216BB7E" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="515" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
<subSubSection id="90AE652C6730A4312390FE97576ABE8D" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D80B36A76730A4312390FE975409BEAC" blockId="13.[151,624,367,427]" box="[151,624,367,394]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
<heading id="834381CB6730A4312390FE975409BEAC" bold="true" box="[151,624,367,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="1FB44D246730A4312390FE975409BEAC" ID-CoL="6FRDY" authority="(Mello-Leitao, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[151,624,367,394]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56730A4312390FE975409BEAC" bold="true" box="[151,624,367,394]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56730A4312390FE975712BEAF" bold="true" box="[151,363,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Epicadus pulcher</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BC254B566730A431227DFE885411BEAC" box="[378,616,368,394]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" refId="ref19139" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1929) Aphantochilidas e Thomisidas do Brasil. Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 360 pp." type="book">Mello-Leitão, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D80B36A76730A4312390FE6A576ABE8D" blockId="13.[151,624,367,427]" box="[151,275,402,427]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
<figureCitation id="408F2A226730A4312390FE6A576ABE8D" box="[151,275,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE7. Epicadus pulcher (Mello-Leitão, 1929), female (MNHN 137). A, B habitus (A dorsal, B frontal); C epigynal plate (ventral); D spermathecae and copulatory ducts (dorsal). Scale bars:2 mm (A), 1 mm (B),0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183144/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Figs 7A–D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="90AE652C6730A4312390FE225599BDAC" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D80B36A76730A4312390FE2254C1BED6" blockId="13.[151,1436,474,650]" box="[151,696,474,496]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F8A411896730A4312390FE2254C1BED6" box="[151,696,474,496]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
<taxonomicName id="1FB44D246730A4312390FE225458BED6" ID-CoL="93RB5" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1929: 90" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityPageNumber="90" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,545,474,496]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tobias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56730A4312390FE225754BED6" box="[151,301,474,496]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Tobias pulcher</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="591510B66730A4312234FE225458BED6" author="" box="[307,545,474,496]" page="90" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
<bibRefCitation id="BC254B566730A4312234FE225785BED6" box="[307,508,474,496]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" refId="ref19139" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1929) Aphantochilidas e Thomisidas do Brasil. Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 360 pp." type="book">Mello-Leitão, 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 90
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 189–190.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D80B36A76730A4312390FE01543DBD08" blockId="13.[151,1436,474,650]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
<materialsCitation id="68DC3CFA6730A4312390FE01543DBD08" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1820860161" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" latitude="-1.4263333" location="Aura" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-48.386353" municipality="Belem" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F8A411896730A4312390FE01543DBD08" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
<taxonomicName id="1FB44D246730A4312390FE01541ABD29" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1944: 11" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,611,505,527]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tobias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicadoides">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56730A4312390FE015726BD29" box="[151,351,505,527]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Tobias epicadoides</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="591510B66730A431226BFE01541ABD29" author="" box="[364,611,505,527]" page="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
<bibRefCitation id="BC254B566730A431226BFE015443BD29" box="[364,570,505,527]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" refId="ref19236" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1944) Algumas aranhas da regiao amazonica. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 25, 1 - 12." type="journal article">Mello-Leitão, 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 11
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="070F88056730A4312171FE0154A9BD29" box="[630,720,505,527]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female from
<location id="DD6B607C6730A431206BFE0155E6BD29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:501D87B16730A4322390FE975216BB7E:DD6B607C6730A431206BFE0155E6BD29" box="[876,927,505,527]" country="Brazil" latitude="-1.4263333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-48.386353" municipality="Belem" name="Aura" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Aurá</location>
[
<geoCoordinate id="BD8050606730A43120B5FE015245BD29" box="[946,1084,505,527]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" precision="1" value="-1.4263333">1°25'34.80&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BD8050606730A431274AFE015290BD29" box="[1101,1257,505,527]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" precision="1" value="-48.386353">48°23'10.86&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="386FACDD6730A43127FDFE015346BD29" box="[1274,1343,505,527]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Belém</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="A0A376376730A4312648FE0153EBBD29" box="[1359,1426,505,527]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Brazil</collectingCountry>
], deposited in
<collectionCode id="BEA5AE626730A431224FFDE157F5BD08" box="[328,396,537,558]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">MNRJ</collectionCode>
0 0 82, examined).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D80B36A76730A4312390FDCE54EABD4D" blockId="13.[151,1436,474,650]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
<materialsCitation id="68DC3CFA6730A4312390FDCE54EABD4D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1820860247" collectionCode="MLP" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.458889" location="Buena Vista" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-63.65917" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="holotype">
<taxonomicName id="1FB44D246730A4312390FDCE5790BD6A" authority="Biraben, 1955: 74" authorityName="Biraben" authorityPageNumber="74" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,489,566,589]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tobias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regius">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56730A4312390FDCE5758BD6B" box="[151,289,566,589]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Tobias regius</emphasis>
Birabén, 1955: 74
</taxonomicName>
, figs 5–8 (
<typeStatus id="070F88056730A431215CFDCE54CCBD6A" box="[603,693,566,588]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female from
<location id="DD6B607C6730A4312040FDCF55BCBD6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:501D87B16730A4322390FE975216BB7E:DD6B607C6730A4312040FDCF55BCBD6A" box="[839,965,566,588]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.458889" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-63.65917" name="Buena Vista" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">Buena Vista</location>
[
<geoCoordinate id="BD8050606730A43120D2FDCE5212BD6A" box="[981,1131,566,588]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" precision="1" value="-17.458889">17°27'32.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BD8050606730A431277EFDCE536FBD6A" box="[1145,1302,566,588]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" precision="1" value="-63.65917">63°39'33.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingRegion id="1A70F8456730A4312624FDCE53E1BD6A" box="[1315,1432,566,588]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="A0A376376730A43123C0FDAD576FBD4D" box="[199,278,597,619]" name="Bolivia" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
], deposited in
<collectionCode id="BEA5AE626730A43122AFFDAE57A5BD4D" box="[424,476,598,619]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/66si-588n" name="Museo de La Plata" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">MLP</collectionCode>
0 405, examined).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D80B36A76730A4312390FD8C5599BDAC" blockId="13.[151,1436,474,650]" box="[151,992,628,650]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F8A411896730A4312390FD8C5599BDAC" box="[151,992,628,650]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
<taxonomicName id="1FB44D246730A4312390FD8C5790BDAC" ID-CoL="6FRDY" authority="(Mello-Leitao)" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[151,489,628,650]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56730A4312390FD8C5731BDAC" box="[151,328,628,650]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Epicadus pulcher</emphasis>
(Mello-Leitão)
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="591510B66730A43122F5FD8C5481BDAC" author="" box="[498,760,628,650]" page="448" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
<bibRefCitation id="BC254B566730A43122F5FD8C54BFBDAC" box="[498,710,628,650]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" refId="ref19045" refString="Machado, M, Teixeira, R. A. &amp; Lise, A. A. (2017) Cladistic analysis supports the monophyly of the Neotropical crab spider genus Epicadus and its senior synonymy over Tobias (Araneae: Thomisidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 31, 442 - 455. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 16074" type="journal article">
Machado
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56730A4312151FD8D54F3BDAC" box="[598,650,628,650]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
: 448
</treatmentCitation>
, figs S2A, S5C, S13D.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="8CCB662F6730A4312390F8A452B1B8B7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183144/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" startId="13.[151,250,1884,1906]" targetBox="[151,1436,702,1863]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="D80B36A76730A4312390F8A452B1B8B7" blockId="13.[151,1435,1884,1937]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56730A4312390F8A4576BB854" bold="true" box="[151,274,1884,1906]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1FB44D246730A431221EF8A454D1B854" authority="(Mello-Leitao, 1929)" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[281,680,1884,1906]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56730A431221EF8A457B3B854" box="[281,458,1884,1906]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Epicadus pulcher</emphasis>
(Mello-Leitão, 1929)
</taxonomicName>
, female (MNHN 137). A, B habitus (A dorsal, B frontal); C epigynal plate (ventral); D spermathecae and copulatory ducts (dorsal). Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 1 mm (B), 0.2 mm (C, D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="90AE652C6733A4322390FF6F5537BE3B" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D80B36A76733A4322390FF6F54EBBFF3" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56733A4322390FF6F57BABF96" bold="true" box="[151,451,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
<typeStatus id="070F88056733A4322390FF6F56ABBF96" box="[151,210,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Type</typeStatus>
material:
<typeStatus id="070F88056733A4322251FF6F57BABF96" box="[342,451,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(original designation): female,
<collectingRegion id="1A70F8456733A4322033FF6055D0BF96" box="[820,937,151,176]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
de Olivença [
<geoCoordinate id="BD8050606733A4322757FF6F5290BF96" box="[1104,1257,151,176]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" precision="1" value="-3.6499555">3°38'59.84&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BD8050606733A43227FEFF6F53E1BF96" box="[1273,1432,151,176]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" precision="1" value="-69.09691">69°5'48.85&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingRegion id="1A70F8456733A4322390FF445769BFF2" box="[151,272,188,212]" country="Brazil" name="Amazonas" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="A0A376376733A432221CFF44571CBFF3" box="[283,357,188,213]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Brazil</collectingCountry>
], (
<collectionCode id="BEA5AE626733A4322279FF4457ACBFF2" box="[382,469,188,212]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">MNHN</collectionCode>
137, examined).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D80B36A76733A43223C0FF275537BE3B" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
<materialsCitation id="68DC3CFA6733A43223C0FF275537BE3B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1820860257" collectingDate="1968-06-28" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.810181" location="Governador Lomanto Junior" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-39.471752" municipality="Other" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" specimenCode="MNRJ 06861" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56733A43223C0FF27548CBFDE" bold="true" box="[199,757,223,248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
<collectingMunicipality id="386FACDD6733A43223C0FF275776BFDE" box="[199,271,223,248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Other</collectingMunicipality>
material examined.
<collectingCountry id="A0A376376733A4322127FF2754F6BFDE" box="[544,655,223,248]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1A70F8456733A43221A1FF275495BFDE" box="[678,748,223,248]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56733A43221A1FF275495BFDE" bold="true" box="[678,748,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Bahia</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="CEB2FD2E6733A4322001FF18550DBFDE" box="[774,884,223,248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<location id="DD6B607C6733A432208EFF2752A7BFDE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:501D87B16730A4322390FE975216BB7E:DD6B607C6733A432208EFF2752A7BFDE" box="[905,1246,223,248]" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.810181" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-39.471752" municipality="Other" name="Governador Lomanto Junior" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" stateProvince="Bahia">Governador Lomanto Júnior</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BD8050606733A43227F4FF2753E1BFDE" box="[1267,1432,223,248]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" precision="1" value="-14.810181">14°48'36.65&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BD8050606733A4322390FEFC573ABE3A" box="[151,323,260,284]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" precision="1" value="-39.471752">39°28'18.31&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate id="BC4EE98F6733A4322248FEFC5791BE3B" box="[335,488,260,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" value="1968-06-28">
<date id="AC0A10676733A4322248FEFC5791BE3B" box="[335,488,260,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" value="1968-06-28">28 June 1968</date>
</collectingDate>
, leg. CEPLAC, (
<specimenCode id="88129EDC6733A43221A3FEFC553BBE3B" box="[676,834,260,285]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">MNRJ 06861</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="90AE652C6733A43223C0FEDF520CBEF6" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D80B36A76733A43223C0FEDF520CBEF6" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56733A43223C0FEDF5738BE66" bold="true" box="[199,321,295,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Females of
<taxonomicName id="1FB44D246733A43222D2FED15435BE66" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[469,588,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56733A43222D2FED15435BE66" box="[469,588,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">E. pulcher</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="1FB44D246733A4322029FED155D1BE66" authorityName="Machado &amp; Teixeira &amp; Lise" authorityYear="2018" box="[814,936,297,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56733A4322029FED155D1BE66" box="[814,936,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">E. tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their vivid yellow body coloration with remarkable black stripes on femora and flattened prosoma with large TWS. However, they can be distinguished by the presence of five opisthosomal projections instead of three, being the median posterior one thin and tail-like. The anterior border of the opisthosoma is strongly concave rather than straight as in
<taxonomicName id="1FB44D246733A432275FFE6D52B6BE8A" authorityName="Machado &amp; Teixeira &amp; Lise" authorityYear="2018" box="[1112,1231,405,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56733A432275FFE6D52B6BE8A" box="[1112,1231,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">E. tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="408F2A226733A43227E7FE6C5340BE8A" box="[1248,1337,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE7. Epicadus pulcher (Mello-Leitão, 1929), female (MNHN 137). A, B habitus (A dorsal, B frontal); C epigynal plate (ventral); D spermathecae and copulatory ducts (dorsal). Scale bars:2 mm (A), 1 mm (B),0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183144/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
) and the epigynal plate is shallow, with neither folds nor a conspicuous median septum (
<figureCitation id="408F2A226733A4322717FE4F5211BEF6" box="[1040,1128,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE7. Epicadus pulcher (Mello-Leitão, 1929), female (MNHN 137). A, B habitus (A dorsal, B frontal); C epigynal plate (ventral); D spermathecae and copulatory ducts (dorsal). Scale bars:2 mm (A), 1 mm (B),0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183144/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="90AE652C6733A43223C0FE24536ABB12" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="description">
<paragraph id="D80B36A76733A43223C0FE245790BC7A" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56733A43223C0FE2455B2BED3" bold="true" box="[199,971,476,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
Description. Female (from
<collectingRegion id="1A70F8456733A432210BFE2454FDBED3" box="[524,644,476,501]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
de Olivença; MNHN 137):
</emphasis>
Anterior eye row recurved and posterior procurved. Prosoma yellow with black stains at cephalic region, TWS well developed and surrounded by a dual LBL (
<figureCitation id="408F2A226733A43223DAFDDC5741BD1A" box="[221,312,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE7. Epicadus pulcher (Mello-Leitão, 1929), female (MNHN 137). A, B habitus (A dorsal, B frontal); C epigynal plate (ventral); D spermathecae and copulatory ducts (dorsal). Scale bars:2 mm (A), 1 mm (B),0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183144/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
); MS absent (
<figureCitation id="408F2A226733A43222D0FDDC5448BD1A" box="[471,561,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE7. Epicadus pulcher (Mello-Leitão, 1929), female (MNHN 137). A, B habitus (A dorsal, B frontal); C epigynal plate (ventral); D spermathecae and copulatory ducts (dorsal). Scale bars:2 mm (A), 1 mm (B),0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183144/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Chelicerae yellow with proximal black stains. Sternum, endites and labium uniformly yellow. Opisthosoma with five projections faced backward; lower lateral ones longer than others and median posterior tail-like,whitish-yellow with a median LBL and dark, scattered punctuations (
<figureCitation id="408F2A226733A43227D7FD945352BDA2" box="[1232,1323,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE7. Epicadus pulcher (Mello-Leitão, 1929), female (MNHN 137). A, B habitus (A dorsal, B frontal); C epigynal plate (ventral); D spermathecae and copulatory ducts (dorsal). Scale bars:2 mm (A), 1 mm (B),0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183144/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Clypeus with a divided upside down V-shaped black mark (
<figureCitation id="408F2A226733A43221EBFD775531BD8E" box="[748,840,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE7. Epicadus pulcher (Mello-Leitão, 1929), female (MNHN 137). A, B habitus (A dorsal, B frontal); C epigynal plate (ventral); D spermathecae and copulatory ducts (dorsal). Scale bars:2 mm (A), 1 mm (B),0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183144/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
); anterior legs (I and II) yellow with black stripes; posterior legs (III and IV) predominantly yellow with tiny black spots at the distal portion of femora. Epigynum presents the simplest external design of all
<taxonomicName id="1FB44D246733A43221B9FD2F555FBDD6" authorityName="Simon, 1895:" authorityYear="1052" box="[702,806,727,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56733A43221B9FD2F555FBDD6" box="[702,806,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Epicadus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, with no septum, elevated lateral folds or differentiation between the median field and the rest of the epigynal plate (
<figureCitation id="408F2A226733A43220DCFD04524DBC32" box="[987,1076,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE7. Epicadus pulcher (Mello-Leitão, 1929), female (MNHN 137). A, B habitus (A dorsal, B frontal); C epigynal plate (ventral); D spermathecae and copulatory ducts (dorsal). Scale bars:2 mm (A), 1 mm (B),0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183144/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). The copulatory ducts are short when compared to those of other representatives of the genus and the primary spermathecae have rough surface and spherical shape (
<figureCitation id="408F2A226733A4322286FCBC57A5BC7A" box="[385,476,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,702,1863]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE7. Epicadus pulcher (Mello-Leitão, 1929), female (MNHN 137). A, B habitus (A dorsal, B frontal); C epigynal plate (ventral); D spermathecae and copulatory ducts (dorsal). Scale bars:2 mm (A), 1 mm (B),0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183144/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D80B36A76733A43223C0FC91536ABB12" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56733A43223C0FC91570BBCA6" box="[199,370,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Measurements:</emphasis>
eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.14, PME 0.08, PLE 0.06, AME–AME 0.36, AME–ALE 0.20, PME–PME 0.44, PME–PLE 0.22; MOQ length 0.72, MOQ posterior width 0.68, MOQ anterior width 0.66; leg formula: 1-2-4-3: leg I—femur 4.92/ patella 2.58/ tibia 3.05/ metatarsus 2.10/ tarsus 1.40/ total 14.05; II—4.50/ 2.45/ 3.15/ 2.00/ 1.65/ 13.75; III—2.25/ 1.50/ 1.50/ 1.35/ 0.65/ 7.25; IV—2.75/ 1.44/ 1.79/ 1.75/ 0.65/ 8.38. Total body length 9.70; prosoma length 4.75, width 4.55; opisthosoma length 4.95; clypeus height 0.50; sternum length 2.10, width 1.60; endites length 1.20, width 0.66; labium length 0.76, width 0.78.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="90AE652C6733A43223C0FBC75216BB7E" box="[199,1135,1087,1112]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D80B36A76733A43223C0FBC75216BB7E" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[199,1135,1087,1112]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
<emphasis id="EAC0EAB56733A43223C0FBC75719BB7E" bold="true" box="[199,352,1087,1112]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A0A376376733A4322260FBB857A6BB7E" box="[359,479,1088,1112]" name="Bolivia" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1A70F8456733A43222EEFBB85411BB7E" box="[489,616,1088,1112]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCountry id="A0A376376733A4322174FBB854A5BB7E" box="[627,732,1088,1112]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1A70F8456733A43221E0FBB85565BB7E" box="[743,796,1088,1112]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Pará</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="1A70F8456733A4322020FBB855D9BB7E" box="[807,928,1088,1112]" country="Brazil" name="Amazonas" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="1A70F8456733A43220ACFBC75595BB7E" box="[939,1004,1087,1112]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Bahia</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="408F2A226733A43220FBFBC7521BBB7E" box="[1020,1122,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1766,1788]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 17. Data of distribution records of Epicadus species compiled from Machado et al. (2015, 2017); Silva-Moreira and Machado (2016); present study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183164/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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