treatments-xml/data/48/15/59/481559B7454059088A9AF2B6DF18A23E.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.75693" ID-GBIF-Dataset="11b2ccda-e145-4160-b0d4-7e80da0807d4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191930533" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2367-5365-45-33" ID-Pensoft-UUID="12C16F666E4E52C8A2750F2BF000B144" ID-ZooBank="EC231A77580D46DC83283C41507E0527" ModsDocID="2367-5365-45-33" checkinTime="1641571806525" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Guerrero, Juan J., Hausmann, Axel, Rubio, Rosa M., Garre, Manuel &amp; Ortiz, Antonio S." docDate="2022" docId="481559B7454059088A9AF2B6DF18A23E" docLanguage="en" docName="NotaLepidopt 45: 33-39" docOrigin="Nota Lepidopterologica 45" docPubDate="2022-01-06" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.75693" docTitle="Euphyia vallantinaria" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="12C16F666E4E52C8A2750F2BF000B144" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="12C16F666E4E52C8A2750F2BF000B144" masterDocTitle="First description of the male and DNA barcode of Euphyia vallantinaria (Oberthuer, 1890) from the Iberian Peninsula (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="33" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1641577513542" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>First description of the male and DNA barcode of Euphyia vallantinaria (Oberthuer, 1890) from the Iberian Peninsula (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Guerrero, Juan J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology. University of Murcia. Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; juanjogf @ um. es, rmrubio @ um. es, manuel. garre @ fripozo. com, aortiz @ um. es</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0358-9928</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>SNSB - Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Muenchhausenstr, 21, 81247 Munich, Germany; hausmann. a @ snsb. de</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rubio, Rosa M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology. University of Murcia. Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; juanjogf @ um. es, rmrubio @ um. es, manuel. garre @ fripozo. com, aortiz @ um. es</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Garre, Manuel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology. University of Murcia. Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; juanjogf @ um. es, rmrubio @ um. es, manuel. garre @ fripozo. com, aortiz @ um. es</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ortiz, Antonio S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3877-6096</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology. University of Murcia. Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; juanjogf @ um. es, rmrubio @ um. es, manuel. garre @ fripozo. com, aortiz @ um. es</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">aortiz@um.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Nota Lepidopterologica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-01-06</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>45</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>33</mods:start>
<mods:end>39</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.75693</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.75693</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2367-5365-45-33</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EC231A77580D46DC83283C41507E0527</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">12C16F666E4E52C8A2750F2BF000B144</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191930533" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:481559B7454059088A9AF2B6DF18A23E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/481559B7454059088A9AF2B6DF18A23E" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName LSID="481559B7-4540-5908-8A9A-F2B6DF18A23E" authority="(Oberthuer, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Oberthuer" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euphyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euphyia vallantinaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vallantinaria">
Euphyia vallantinaria (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oberthür">Oberthuer</normalizedToken>
, 1890)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cidaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cidaria vallantinaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vallantinaria">Cidaria vallantinaria</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oberthür">Oberthuer</normalizedToken>
, 1890: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Études">Etudes</normalizedToken>
ent. 13: 31, pl. 7, fig. 49 (type locality: eastern Algeria: near 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bône">Bone</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
Syntype by type illustration in 
<bibRefCitation author="Oberthuer, C" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Notes" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B9" refString="Oberthuer, C, 1890. . Faunes Entomologiques. Descriptions d'insectes nouveaux ou peu connus. Etudes d'Entomologie 13: 31. [pl. 7, fig. 49]" title=". Faunes Entomologiques. Descriptions d'insectes nouveaux ou peu connus. Etudes d'Entomologie 13: 31. [pl. 7, fig. 49]" year="1890">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oberthür">Oberthuer</normalizedToken>
(1890)
</bibRefCitation>
allowing attribution to the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euphyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euphyia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Euphyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, confirmed by Claude Herbulot after study of the type material and by Prout (1938).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-09-04" collectorName="JM Gaona, Barcode" country="Spain" elevation="770" latitude="36.103" location="Llanos del Juncal" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-5.541" municipality="Tarifa" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Andalusia">
<collectingCountry name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
. 
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Spain" name="Andalucia">Andalusia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Tarifa</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:481559B7454059088A9AF2B6DF18A23E:2F935D00754C5A2036A509061A79ECE8" country="Spain" latitude="36.103" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-5.541" municipality="Tarifa" name="Llanos del Juncal" stateProvince="Andalusia">Llanos del Juncal</location>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cádiz">Cadiz</normalizedToken>
), 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" unit="m" value="770.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" unit="m" value="770.0">770 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, (
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.103" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="36.103">36.103</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.541" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-5.541">-5.541</geoCoordinate>
), 
<collectingDate value="2019-09-04">04.IX.2019</collectingDate>
, leg. 
<collectorName>JM Gaona</collectorName>
, coll. RCBA-UMU, 
<collectorName>Barcode</collectorName>
IBLAO1527-20 (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A. Male specimen of Euphyia vallantinaria with Barcode IBLAO 1527 - 20; B. Male specimen of Euphyia vallantinaria with Barcode IBLAO 1528 - 20; C. Andropygium; D. Aedeagus; E. Sclerotised tergum and sternum A 8 detail. Male genitalia of Euphyia biangulata from Spain, Lugo, Robledo, 25. VI. 2011: F. Andropygium; G. Aedeagus; H. Sclerotised tergum and sternum A 8 detail." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.75693.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/631008" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">1A</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-09-04" collectorName="JM Gaona, Barcode" country="Spain" elevation="770" latitude="36.103" location="Llanos del Juncal" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-5.541" municipality="Tarifa" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Andalusia">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Spain" name="Andalucia">Andalusia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Tarifa</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:481559B7454059088A9AF2B6DF18A23E:039A68D65032F2E40B3DF15352CEDD51" country="Spain" latitude="36.103" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-5.541" municipality="Tarifa" name="Llanos del Juncal" stateProvince="Andalusia">Llanos del Juncal</location>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cádiz">Cadiz</normalizedToken>
), 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" unit="m" value="770.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" unit="m" value="770.0">770 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, (
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.103" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="36.103">36.103</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.541" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-5.541">-5.541</geoCoordinate>
), 
<collectingDate value="2019-09-04">04.IX.2019</collectingDate>
; leg. 
<collectorName>JM Gaona</collectorName>
, coll. RCBA-UMU, 
<collectorName>Barcode</collectorName>
IBLAO1528-20 (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A. Male specimen of Euphyia vallantinaria with Barcode IBLAO 1527 - 20; B. Male specimen of Euphyia vallantinaria with Barcode IBLAO 1528 - 20; C. Andropygium; D. Aedeagus; E. Sclerotised tergum and sternum A 8 detail. Male genitalia of Euphyia biangulata from Spain, Lugo, Robledo, 25. VI. 2011: F. Andropygium; G. Aedeagus; H. Sclerotised tergum and sternum A 8 detail." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.75693.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/631008" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">1B</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="Herbulot" country="Algeria" location="southern Andalusia" specimenCount="six" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="El Tarf">
For comparison 
<specimenCount type="female">six females</specimenCount>
from 
<collectingRegion country="Algeria" name="El Tarf">El Tarf</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry name="Algeria">Algeria</collectingCountry>
(coll. 
<collectorName>Herbulot</collectorName>
in ZSM), 
<specimenCount type="male">one male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount type="female">three females</specimenCount>
from 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:481559B7454059088A9AF2B6DF18A23E:760874B1465143434023D7704824011A" country="Algeria" name="southern Andalusia" stateProvince="El Tarf">southern Andalusia</location>
in ZSM, all DNA barcoded (cf. 
<bibRefCitation author="Hausmann, A" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B6" refString="Hausmann, A, Viidalepp, J, 2012. The Geometrid moths of Europe. Volume 3. Larentiinae I. Apollo Books, Stenstrup" title="The Geometrid moths of Europe. Volume 3. Larentiinae I." year="2012">Hausmann and Viidalepp 2012</bibRefCitation>
): GWORA2606-09, GWOSF937-10, GWOTL724-13, GWOTA860-13
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
Adult (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A. Male specimen of Euphyia vallantinaria with Barcode IBLAO 1527 - 20; B. Male specimen of Euphyia vallantinaria with Barcode IBLAO 1528 - 20; C. Andropygium; D. Aedeagus; E. Sclerotised tergum and sternum A 8 detail. Male genitalia of Euphyia biangulata from Spain, Lugo, Robledo, 25. VI. 2011: F. Andropygium; G. Aedeagus; H. Sclerotised tergum and sternum A 8 detail." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.75693.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/631008" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">1A, B</figureCitation>
). Male wingspan (25.4 mm), smaller than female (28-32 mm). Forewing with basal area divided by the basal line which is brownish towards the base and with a greenish area between the basal line and the antemedial line. Costa with slight reddish tinge. Medial area dark olive green with dark brown on the inner margin of the antemedial and postmedial lines, distally with bidentate projection towards the termen in the central zone, with some lobulation towards the anal margin and with an angled insertion towards the costa. Postmedial fascia, narrow, with shadows of a dividing line. Terminal area, less dark than in females, therefore it has a less marked wavy line and only slightly dark spots around this line in, and just below, a subapical position and sometimes lower. Hindwing dark grey to brownish, with a barely contracted postmedial fascia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A. Male specimen of Euphyia vallantinaria with Barcode IBLAO 1527 - 20; B. Male specimen of Euphyia vallantinaria with Barcode IBLAO 1528 - 20; C. Andropygium; D. Aedeagus; E. Sclerotised tergum and sternum A 8 detail. Male genitalia of Euphyia biangulata from Spain, Lugo, Robledo, 25. VI. 2011: F. Andropygium; G. Aedeagus; H. Sclerotised tergum and sternum A 8 detail." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.75693.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/631008" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">1C</figureCitation>
) well matching genus characteristics with uncus, broad, rounded, dome-shaped. Sclerotised costa of valva with bifurcated projection dorsally with two projections with truncated tips, one narrower dorsally and one wider laterally, apex of the valva, rounded bent and with a slight dorso-subapical concavity. Bases of sacculi long. Saccus broad. Manica spinose on a plate located between juxta and distal part of the aedeagus, which during the dissection process may adhere to the aedeagus or remain adjacent to the juxta. Aedeagus length about 1.4 mm with a very small keel basally at coecum, vesica lobulated with a narrow elongated plate sclerotised with small spines basally (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A. Male specimen of Euphyia vallantinaria with Barcode IBLAO 1527 - 20; B. Male specimen of Euphyia vallantinaria with Barcode IBLAO 1528 - 20; C. Andropygium; D. Aedeagus; E. Sclerotised tergum and sternum A 8 detail. Male genitalia of Euphyia biangulata from Spain, Lugo, Robledo, 25. VI. 2011: F. Andropygium; G. Aedeagus; H. Sclerotised tergum and sternum A 8 detail." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.75693.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/631008" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">1D</figureCitation>
). Tergum and sternum A8 sclerotised to a continuous ring with a sclerotised plate ventrally with bilobed and wider tip (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A. Male specimen of Euphyia vallantinaria with Barcode IBLAO 1527 - 20; B. Male specimen of Euphyia vallantinaria with Barcode IBLAO 1528 - 20; C. Andropygium; D. Aedeagus; E. Sclerotised tergum and sternum A 8 detail. Male genitalia of Euphyia biangulata from Spain, Lugo, Robledo, 25. VI. 2011: F. Andropygium; G. Aedeagus; H. Sclerotised tergum and sternum A 8 detail." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.75693.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/631008" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">1E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Female genitalia</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
See 
<bibRefCitation author="Hausmann, A" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B6" refString="Hausmann, A, Viidalepp, J, 2012. The Geometrid moths of Europe. Volume 3. Larentiinae I. Apollo Books, Stenstrup" title="The Geometrid moths of Europe. Volume 3. Larentiinae I." year="2012">Hausmann and Viidalepp (2012</bibRefCitation>
; p. 657, fig. 76).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Oberthuer" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euphyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euphyia vallantinaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vallantinaria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Euphyia vallantinaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. biangulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biangulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">E. biangulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differing in narrower postmedial fascia of forewing with shadows of a dividing line, females with terminal area darker, wavy line conspicuous, hindwing darker with out well-marked white postmedial fascia and a large genetic distance (5.6%) (
<bibRefCitation author="Hausmann, A" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Muenchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="73 - 97" refId="B5" refString="Hausmann, A, 2011. An integrative taxonomic approach to resolving some difficult questions in the Larentiinae of the Mediterranean region (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Mitteilungen der Muenchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft 101: 73 - 97" title="An integrative taxonomic approach to resolving some difficult questions in the Larentiinae of the Mediterranean region (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)." volume="101" year="2011">Hausmann 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Can be easily confused with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schiffermuller" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Colostygia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colostygia olivata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Colostygia olivata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
([Denis &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
], 1775), but the latter shows longer pectination of the male antennae, usually a wider medial area which is delimited by less straight lines. Diagnostic characters are found in the male genitalia which differ from 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. biangulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biangulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">E. biangulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in uncus sub-triangular and forked dorsal projections of costa, more pointed at tips, valvae straight dorsally, without dorsal cleft or concavity in subapical position and ventrally bilobous (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A. Male specimen of Euphyia vallantinaria with Barcode IBLAO 1527 - 20; B. Male specimen of Euphyia vallantinaria with Barcode IBLAO 1528 - 20; C. Andropygium; D. Aedeagus; E. Sclerotised tergum and sternum A 8 detail. Male genitalia of Euphyia biangulata from Spain, Lugo, Robledo, 25. VI. 2011: F. Andropygium; G. Aedeagus; H. Sclerotised tergum and sternum A 8 detail." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.75693.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/631008" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">1F-H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
Uni- or bivoltine: Scattered European data from early August to mid-September, in North Africa also recorded in April (
<bibRefCitation author="Hausmann, A" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B6" refString="Hausmann, A, Viidalepp, J, 2012. The Geometrid moths of Europe. Volume 3. Larentiinae I. Apollo Books, Stenstrup" title="The Geometrid moths of Europe. Volume 3. Larentiinae I." year="2012">Hausmann and Viidalepp 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Larva unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Silvicolous in mountain areas. Deciduous and mixed forests of different types, forest fringes, scrub and scattered Mediterranean evergreen oak forest from 300 m up to 1,200 m above sea-level.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="similar species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Similar species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. biangulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biangulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">E. biangulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(allopatric).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
West-Mediterranean with populations in the Iberian Peninsula (southern Andalusia) and in North Africa, only recorded from the type locality Annaba (formerly 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bône">Bone</normalizedToken>
) and El Tarf (coll. Herbulot/ZSM), both in Algeria.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="molecular analysis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Molecular analysis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Sequences of DNA barcode region were obtained from two male specimens and registered to Genbank (IBLAO1527-20: OK346332 and IBLAO1528-20: OK346331). No difference was found between the two fragments obtained from the males (658 bp) while a difference of two base pairs (0.3%) was found between male and earlier sequenced female from southern Spain (cf. Hausmann and Viiladepp 2012).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
The species has an unique BIN BOLD:AAO2615 (n = 6; sequence length 658 bp in all six specimens). Mean intraspecific variation 0.26%. Maximum intraspecific distance 0.48%. The COI sequences indicated significant divergence with large mean distances to its nearest species in Europe: 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. unangulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unangulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">E. unangulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = 20; 4.9%), 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. biangulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biangulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">E. biangulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = 17; 5.3%), 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. frustata subsp. fulvocinctata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="frustata" subSpecies="fulvocinctata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">E. frustata fulvocinctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = 4; 5.7%), 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. mesembrina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesembrina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">E. mesembrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = 6; 5.9%) and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. adumbraria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adumbraria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">E. adumbraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = 12; 6.4%) (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Interspecific mean K 2 P (Kimura 2 - Parameter) divergences (mean pairwise distances) based on the analysis of COI fragments (&gt; 600 bp) between European Euphyia species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E654876D209E14DA5762BAE823E90406" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="E654876D209E14DA5762BAE823E90406">1</tableCitation>
; Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neighbour-Joining tree (K 2 P; constructed with MEGA 6; COI 5 '&gt; 600 bp) including 65 sequences of selected Euphyia species, rooted with Epirrhoe sandosaria as outgroup. The depth of each branch shows divergence between lineages. The scale bar represents 0.005 genetic difference." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.75693.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/631009" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>