572 lines
85 KiB
XML
572 lines
85 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2291B35D0AEF2475E37271DD4A7AE555">On the taxonomic status of Teyuwasu barberenai Kischlat, 1999 (Archosauria Dinosauriformes), a challenging taxon from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A99C2336D81E7A4333906F388F19BB15">Garcia, Maurício S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7E60EAD699814C9ECD398F2E14E046E6">Müller, Rodrigo T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="60FA4714F4ECE2AE05BA11851232F7EF">Dias-Da-Silva, Sérgio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AAA6A957051B32DAC745D50D2AC5740A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A7D0CB7A0EDE08EF867B6491DFC3ACAE">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3015F3E9B49FD461FEE9C7144F2AC182">2019-07-04</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A6D706FFCF4E10FF2DFCA2FC20F8F5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158629829" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A6D706FFCF4E10FF2DFCA2FC20F8F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D706FFCF4E10FF2DFCA2FC20F8F5" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">
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<paragraph id="8BB06610FFCF4E11FF2DFCA2FB07FA38" blockId="0.[151,1437,811,2023]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">
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<subSubSection id="C315359BFFCF4E11FF2DFCA2FCCAFCF8" box="[151,887,811,835]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" type="nomenclature">
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The controversial dinosauriform
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCF4E11FE4EFCA5FCCAFCF8" authority="Kischlat, 1999" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[500,887,811,835]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barberenai">
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<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FE4EFCA5FD6AFCF8" box="[500,727,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Teyuwasu barberenai</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FD67FCA2FCCAFCF8" author="Kischlat, E. E." box="[733,887,811,835]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="58" refId="ref3040" refString="Kischlat, E. E. (1999) A new dinosaurian " rescued " from the Brazilian Triassic: Teyuwasu barbarenai, new taxon. Paleontologia em Destaque, Boletim Informativo da Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia, 14 (26), 58." type="journal article" year="1999">Kischlat, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315359BFFCF4E11FCC7FCA2FC60FCF8" box="[893,989,811,835]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" type="description">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13347A95FFCF4E11FC3FFCA2FC68FCF8" box="[901,981,811,835]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1601,1626]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,189,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,180,1553]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A—Stratigraphic column [after Langer et al. (2018)] of the type-locality of both ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus. Main column depicting the main outcrop of the Alemoa complex with auxiliary column depicting the approximate level that yielded the abovementioned specimens. B—skeletal reconstructions of ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus depicting known bones in white and unknown in gray. C—Proximal portion of the right femur of ‘Teyuwasu’ (BSPG AS XXV 53), in cranial view. D—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in cranial view. E—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Saturnalia (MCP 3944-PV), in cranial view. F—Proximal portion of the right femur of Buriolestes (ULBRA-PVT280), in cranial view. G—Distal end of the right tibia of ‘Teyuwasu barberenai’ (BSPG AS XXV 54), in distal view. H—Distal end of the left (reversed) tibia of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in distal view. I—Distal end of the left tibia of Panphagia (PVSJ 874), in distal view. J—Distal end of the right tibia of Macrocollum (CAPPA/UFSM 0001c), in distal view. Abbreviations: at, anterior trochanter; dlt, dorsolateral trochanter; fh, femoral head; plf, posterolateral flange; ts, trochanteric shelf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335496/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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)
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315359BFFCF4E11FC59FCA2FCA8FC68" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" type="materials_examined">
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is based on a
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<materialsCitation id="3B676C4DFFCF4E11FBD4FCA2FCACFC68" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274831391" collectionCode="BSPG, AS" country="Brazil" location="Late Triassic" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" specimenCode="XXV 53, XXV 54" specimenCount="2">
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<specimenCount id="9D09AD99FFCF4E11FBD4FCA2FB5BFCF8" box="[1134,1254,811,835]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">right femur</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED1EFED5FFCF4E11FB49FCA2FA8AFCF8" box="[1267,1335,811,835]" collectionName="BSPG" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">BSPG</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED1EFED5FFCF4E11FA81FCA2FAE0FCF8" box="[1339,1373,811,835]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">AS</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DBA9CE6BFFCF4E11FAD9FCA5FF0EFCDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">XXV 53</specimenCode>
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) and
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<specimenCount id="9D09AD99FFCF4E11FF4BFCC6FE9DFCDC" box="[241,288,847,871]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">tibia</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED1EFED5FFCF4E11FE95FCC6FECEFCDC" box="[303,371,847,871]" collectionName="BSPG" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">BSPG</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED1EFED5FFCF4E11FEC0FCC6FE21FCDC" box="[378,412,847,871]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">AS</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DBA9CE6BFFCF4E11FE19FCD9FDBFFCDC" box="[419,514,847,871]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">XXV 54</specimenCode>
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), formerly referred to the pseudosuchian ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCF4E11FC70FCC6FB25FCDC" authorityName="Huene" authorityYear="1942" box="[970,1176,847,871]" class="Reptilia" family="Stagonolepididae" genus="Hoplitosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aetosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raui">
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<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FC70FCC6FB25FCDC" box="[970,1176,847,871]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Hoplitosuchus raui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’ (=
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCF4E11FB7DFCC6FA2EFCDC" box="[1223,1427,847,871]" class="Reptilia" family="Nodosauridae" genus="Hoplitosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raui">
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<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FB7DFCC6FA2EFCDC" box="[1223,1427,847,871]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Hoplitosaurus raui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FF2DFCFDFEA3FC30" author="Huene, F." box="[151,286,883,907]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="264 - 278" refId="ref2975" refString="Huene, F. (1938) Ein grosser Stagonolepid aus der jungeren Trias Ostafrikas. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaontologie, 80 (2), 264 - 278." type="journal article" year="1938">Huene, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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(see also
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FE3EFCFDFDADFC30" author="Huene, F." box="[388,528,883,907]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refId="ref3009" refString="Huene, F. (1942) Die fossilen Reptilien des sudamerikanischen Gondwanalandes. Ergebnisse der Sauriergrabungen in Sudbrasilien 1928 / 29. Becksche Verlegbuchhandlung, Munich, 332 pp." type="book" year="1942">Huene, 1942</bibRefCitation>
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). This material comes from a classic
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<location id="8ED030CBFFCF4E11FC28FCFDFBA4FC30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A6D706FFCF4E10FF2DFCA2FC20F8F5:8ED030CBFFCF4E11FC28FCFDFBA4FC30" box="[914,1049,883,907]" country="Brazil" name="Late Triassic" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Late Triassic</location>
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(
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<location id="8ED030CBFFCF4E11FB9CFCFAFBC3FC30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A6D706FFCF4E10FF2DFCA2FC20F8F5:8ED030CBFFCF4E11FB9CFCFAFBC3FC30" box="[1062,1150,883,907]" country="Brazil" name="Carnian" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Carnian</location>
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) locality in southern
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<collectingCountry id="F3182680FFCF4E11FAE1FCFAFA21FC30" box="[1371,1436,883,907]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13347A95FFCF4E11FF25FC1EFF4EFC14" box="[159,243,919,943]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1601,1626]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,189,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,180,1553]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A—Stratigraphic column [after Langer et al. (2018)] of the type-locality of both ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus. Main column depicting the main outcrop of the Alemoa complex with auxiliary column depicting the approximate level that yielded the abovementioned specimens. B—skeletal reconstructions of ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus depicting known bones in white and unknown in gray. C—Proximal portion of the right femur of ‘Teyuwasu’ (BSPG AS XXV 53), in cranial view. D—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in cranial view. E—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Saturnalia (MCP 3944-PV), in cranial view. F—Proximal portion of the right femur of Buriolestes (ULBRA-PVT280), in cranial view. G—Distal end of the right tibia of ‘Teyuwasu barberenai’ (BSPG AS XXV 54), in distal view. H—Distal end of the left (reversed) tibia of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in distal view. I—Distal end of the left tibia of Panphagia (PVSJ 874), in distal view. J—Distal end of the right tibia of Macrocollum (CAPPA/UFSM 0001c), in distal view. Abbreviations: at, anterior trochanter; dlt, dorsolateral trochanter; fh, femoral head; plf, posterolateral flange; ts, trochanteric shelf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335496/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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), the
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<location id="8ED030CBFFCF4E11FE95FC1EFD62FC14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A6D706FFCF4E10FF2DFCA2FC20F8F5:8ED030CBFFCF4E11FE95FC1EFD62FC14" box="[303,735,919,943]" country="Brazil" name="Cerro da Alemoa outcrop on the Alemoa" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Cerro da Alemoa outcrop on the Alemoa</location>
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complex, that has yielded several noteworthy tetrapod specimens (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FF71FC32FE27FC68" author="Garcia, M. S. & Muller, R. T. & Da-Rosa, A. A. S. & Dias-da-Silva, S." box="[203,410,955,979]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="302 - 319" refId="ref2826" refString="Garcia, M. S., Muller, R. T., Da-Rosa, A. A. S. & Dias-da-Silva, S. (2019) The oldest known co-occurrence of dinosaurs and their closest relatives: a new lagerpetid from a Carnian (Upper Triassic) bed of Brazil with implications for dinosauromorph biostratigraphy, early diversification and biogeography. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 91, 302 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2019.02.005" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Garcia
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<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FEA1FC35FEF1FC68" box="[283,332,955,979]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
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., 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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, for a complete list of references)
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C315359BFFCF4E11FCA7FC32FB07FA38" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" type="discussion">
|
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When reviewing these abovementioned materials,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FAF9FC32FF62FC4C" author="Kischlat, E. E." pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="58" refId="ref3040" refString="Kischlat, E. E. (1999) A new dinosaurian " rescued " from the Brazilian Triassic: Teyuwasu barbarenai, new taxon. Paleontologia em Destaque, Boletim Informativo da Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia, 14 (26), 58." type="journal article" year="1999">Kischlat (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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considered it to belong to a “robust saurischian dinosaur”, but later this taxon was considered to be a
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<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FA90FC69FF71FBA0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">nomen dubium</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FF60FB8AFE14FBA0" author="Langer, M. C. & Ezcurra, M. D. & Bittencourt, J. S. & Novas, F. E." box="[218,425,1027,1051]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref3121" refString="Langer, M. C., Ezcurra, M. D., Bittencourt, J. S. & Novas, F. E. (2010) The origin and early evolution of dinosaurs. Biological Reviews, 84, 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 185 X. 2009.00094. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
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Langer
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<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FE94FB8DFED7FBA0" box="[302,362,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">et al.,</emphasis>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FE09FB8DFDF0FBA0" author="Ezcurra, M." box="[435,589,1027,1051]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="49 - 71" refId="ref2788" refString="Ezcurra, M. (2012) Comments on the taxonomic diversity and paleobiogeography of the earliest known dinosaur assemblages (Late Carnian-Earliest Norian). Historia Natural, 2 (1), 49 - 71." type="journal article" year="2012">Ezcurra, 2012</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Foremost, the initial description of this taxon is problematic, because
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FAF9FB8AFF62FB84" author="Kischlat, E. E." pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="58" refId="ref3040" refString="Kischlat, E. E. (1999) A new dinosaurian " rescued " from the Brazilian Triassic: Teyuwasu barbarenai, new taxon. Paleontologia em Destaque, Boletim Informativo da Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia, 14 (26), 58." type="journal article" year="1999">Kischlat (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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presented it in a symposium abstract which does not constitute a published work [which is not allowed under the Art. 9.10 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)]. Moreover, the author did not list traits that clearly differentiated
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCF4E11FE13FBF9FDACFB3C" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[425,529,1136,1159]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FE13FBF9FDACFB3C" box="[425,529,1136,1159]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Teyuwasu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from other coeval dinosauriforms (
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<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FC30FBE6FC18FB3C" box="[906,933,1135,1159]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">cf.</emphasis>
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Art. 13 of the ICZN, see further below). In particular, it was not adequately distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCF4E11FD1CFB1AFB95FB10" authority="Colbert, 1970" authorityName="Colbert" authorityYear="1970" box="[678,1064,1171,1195]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pricei">
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<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FD1CFB1AFC30FB10" box="[678,909,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Staurikosaurus pricei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FC2FFB1AFB95FB10" author="Colbert, E. H." box="[917,1064,1171,1195]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref2676" refString="Colbert, E. H. (1970) A saurischian dinosaur from the Triassic of Brazil. American Museum Novitates, 2405, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1970">Colbert, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13347A95FFCF4E11FB82FB1AFB36FB10" box="[1080,1163,1171,1195]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1601,1626]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,189,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,180,1553]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A—Stratigraphic column [after Langer et al. (2018)] of the type-locality of both ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus. Main column depicting the main outcrop of the Alemoa complex with auxiliary column depicting the approximate level that yielded the abovementioned specimens. B—skeletal reconstructions of ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus depicting known bones in white and unknown in gray. C—Proximal portion of the right femur of ‘Teyuwasu’ (BSPG AS XXV 53), in cranial view. D—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in cranial view. E—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Saturnalia (MCP 3944-PV), in cranial view. F—Proximal portion of the right femur of Buriolestes (ULBRA-PVT280), in cranial view. G—Distal end of the right tibia of ‘Teyuwasu barberenai’ (BSPG AS XXV 54), in distal view. H—Distal end of the left (reversed) tibia of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in distal view. I—Distal end of the left tibia of Panphagia (PVSJ 874), in distal view. J—Distal end of the right tibia of Macrocollum (CAPPA/UFSM 0001c), in distal view. Abbreviations: at, anterior trochanter; dlt, dorsolateral trochanter; fh, femoral head; plf, posterolateral flange; ts, trochanteric shelf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335496/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
), which also comes from the same Alemoa complex, but from another nearby outcrop (Sanga Grande/Sanga de Baixo) considered equivalent in stratigraphic level and horizon with the lower levels of the Cerro da Alemoa site (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FBB1FB52FB24FB48" author="Huene, F." box="[1035,1177,1243,1267]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refId="ref3009" refString="Huene, F. (1942) Die fossilen Reptilien des sudamerikanischen Gondwanalandes. Ergebnisse der Sauriergrabungen in Sudbrasilien 1928 / 29. Becksche Verlegbuchhandlung, Munich, 332 pp." type="book" year="1942">Huene, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FB1FFB52FA81FB48" author="Colbert, E. H." box="[1189,1340,1243,1267]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref2676" refString="Colbert, E. H. (1970) A saurischian dinosaur from the Triassic of Brazil. American Museum Novitates, 2405, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1970">Colbert, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FF2DFB76FEE0FAAC" author="Garcia, M. S. & Muller, R. T. & Da-Rosa, A. A. S. & Dias-da-Silva, S." box="[151,349,1279,1303]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="302 - 319" refId="ref2826" refString="Garcia, M. S., Muller, R. T., Da-Rosa, A. A. S. & Dias-da-Silva, S. (2019) The oldest known co-occurrence of dinosaurs and their closest relatives: a new lagerpetid from a Carnian (Upper Triassic) bed of Brazil with implications for dinosauromorph biostratigraphy, early diversification and biogeography. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 91, 302 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2019.02.005" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Garcia
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FF5EFA89FE9DFAAC" box="[228,288,1279,1303]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13347A95FFCF4E11FEC8FB76FE7BFAAC" box="[370,454,1279,1303]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1601,1626]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,189,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,180,1553]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A—Stratigraphic column [after Langer et al. (2018)] of the type-locality of both ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus. Main column depicting the main outcrop of the Alemoa complex with auxiliary column depicting the approximate level that yielded the abovementioned specimens. B—skeletal reconstructions of ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus depicting known bones in white and unknown in gray. C—Proximal portion of the right femur of ‘Teyuwasu’ (BSPG AS XXV 53), in cranial view. D—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in cranial view. E—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Saturnalia (MCP 3944-PV), in cranial view. F—Proximal portion of the right femur of Buriolestes (ULBRA-PVT280), in cranial view. G—Distal end of the right tibia of ‘Teyuwasu barberenai’ (BSPG AS XXV 54), in distal view. H—Distal end of the left (reversed) tibia of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in distal view. I—Distal end of the left tibia of Panphagia (PVSJ 874), in distal view. J—Distal end of the right tibia of Macrocollum (CAPPA/UFSM 0001c), in distal view. Abbreviations: at, anterior trochanter; dlt, dorsolateral trochanter; fh, femoral head; plf, posterolateral flange; ts, trochanteric shelf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335496/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FDFDFA89FD67FAAC" author="Huene, F." box="[583,730,1279,1303]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refId="ref3009" refString="Huene, F. (1942) Die fossilen Reptilien des sudamerikanischen Gondwanalandes. Ergebnisse der Sauriergrabungen in Sudbrasilien 1928 / 29. Becksche Verlegbuchhandlung, Munich, 332 pp." type="book" year="1942">Huene (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not clearly specify that the materials (femur and tibia) later assembled by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FEA2FAAAFE02FA80" author="Kischlat, E. E." box="[280,447,1315,1339]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="58" refId="ref3040" refString="Kischlat, E. E. (1999) A new dinosaurian " rescued " from the Brazilian Triassic: Teyuwasu barbarenai, new taxon. Paleontologia em Destaque, Boletim Informativo da Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia, 14 (26), 58." type="journal article" year="1999">Kischlat (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
into the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B4D8B2FFCF4E11FDA7FAAAFDC7FA80" box="[541,634,1315,1339]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCF4E11FD24FAADFCBBFA80" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[670,774,1316,1339]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FD24FAADFCBBFA80" box="[670,774,1316,1339]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Teyuwasu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found in close association, although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FB74FAADFADFFA80" author="Huene, F." box="[1230,1378,1315,1339]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refId="ref3009" refString="Huene, F. (1942) Die fossilen Reptilien des sudamerikanischen Gondwanalandes. Ergebnisse der Sauriergrabungen in Sudbrasilien 1928 / 29. Becksche Verlegbuchhandlung, Munich, 332 pp." type="book" year="1942">Huene (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cited that they come from the same stratigraphical level and horizon, and to our interpretation, their morphology and preservational features are compatible. Still, assigning these bones as part of a single individual is tentative.
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB06610FFCF4E11FF7DFA19FCADF950" blockId="0.[151,1437,811,2023]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">
|
||
In this contribution, we aimed to re-examine the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B4D8B2FFCF4E11FD67FA06FC87FA1C" box="[733,826,1423,1447]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and only known specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCF4E11FB3FFA19FB50FA1C" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[1157,1261,1424,1447]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FB3FFA19FB50FA1C" box="[1157,1261,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Teyuwasu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and reassess its validity and systematic position. Since
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FDFAFA3DFD5CFA70" author="Ezcurra, M." box="[576,737,1459,1483]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="49 - 71" refId="ref2788" refString="Ezcurra, M. (2012) Comments on the taxonomic diversity and paleobiogeography of the earliest known dinosaur assemblages (Late Carnian-Earliest Norian). Historia Natural, 2 (1), 49 - 71." type="journal article" year="2012">Ezcurra (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently described and compared the morphology of the materials attributed to this taxon, herein we focused on commenting only on the main features and characters pertinent to our systematic proposition. Likewise, our comparisons mostly encompassed dinosauriforms coeval to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCF4E11FB7EFA75FA91F9A8" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[1220,1324,1532,1555]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FB7EFA75FA91F9A8" box="[1220,1324,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Teyuwasu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FA87FA75FAD8F9A8" box="[1341,1381,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">i.e.,</emphasis>
|
||
Carnian-earliest Norian). Firstly, as pointed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FDD5F9A9FCAEF98C" author="Ezcurra, M." box="[623,787,1567,1591]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="49 - 71" refId="ref2788" refString="Ezcurra, M. (2012) Comments on the taxonomic diversity and paleobiogeography of the earliest known dinosaur assemblages (Late Carnian-Earliest Norian). Historia Natural, 2 (1), 49 - 71." type="journal article" year="2012">Ezcurra (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCF4E11FCA5F9A9FC3AF98C" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[799,903,1568,1591]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FCA5F9A9FC3AF98C" box="[799,903,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Teyuwasu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be recognized as a dinosauriform based on a combination of features: strongly inturned femoral head; longitudinal groove on the proximal surface of the femur; small posterior tuberosity of the femoral head; presence of an anterior trochanter on the femur; asymmetric posterior condyles of the proximal end of the tibia; tibia with a posterolateral process exceeding laterally the facet for the reception of the ascending process of the astragalus; tibial longitudinal lateral groove separating the posterolateral process and the facet for the reception of the ascending process of the astragalus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB06610FFCF4E10FF7DF97EFC82FD49" blockId="0.[151,1437,811,2023]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1437,154,1870]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Regarding morphological features,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FDF0F97EFD4EF8B4" author="Kischlat, E. E." box="[586,755,1783,1807]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="58" refId="ref3040" refString="Kischlat, E. E. (1999) A new dinosaurian " rescued " from the Brazilian Triassic: Teyuwasu barbarenai, new taxon. Paleontologia em Destaque, Boletim Informativo da Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia, 14 (26), 58." type="journal article" year="1999">Kischlat (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCF4E11FCCCF971FC63F8B4" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[886,990,1784,1807]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FCCCF971FC63F8B4" box="[886,990,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Teyuwasu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacked a femoral trochanteric shelf, and instead presented proximodistally directed parallel ridges of the homologous area. Whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCF4E11FBD0F895FB6FF888" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[1130,1234,1820,1843]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FBD0F895FB6FF888" box="[1130,1234,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Teyuwasu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indeed lacks a trochanteric shelf (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13347A95FFCF4E11FEFAF8B6FE2CF8EC" box="[320,401,1855,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1601,1626]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,189,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,180,1553]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A—Stratigraphic column [after Langer et al. (2018)] of the type-locality of both ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus. Main column depicting the main outcrop of the Alemoa complex with auxiliary column depicting the approximate level that yielded the abovementioned specimens. B—skeletal reconstructions of ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus depicting known bones in white and unknown in gray. C—Proximal portion of the right femur of ‘Teyuwasu’ (BSPG AS XXV 53), in cranial view. D—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in cranial view. E—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Saturnalia (MCP 3944-PV), in cranial view. F—Proximal portion of the right femur of Buriolestes (ULBRA-PVT280), in cranial view. G—Distal end of the right tibia of ‘Teyuwasu barberenai’ (BSPG AS XXV 54), in distal view. H—Distal end of the left (reversed) tibia of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in distal view. I—Distal end of the left tibia of Panphagia (PVSJ 874), in distal view. J—Distal end of the right tibia of Macrocollum (CAPPA/UFSM 0001c), in distal view. Abbreviations: at, anterior trochanter; dlt, dorsolateral trochanter; fh, femoral head; plf, posterolateral flange; ts, trochanteric shelf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335496/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
), the condition of the aforementioned ridges is difficult to recognize because of the poor preservation of the specimen. Moreover, the trochanteric shelf is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCF4E11FCE8F8EAFC4EF8C0" baseAuthorityName="Bittencourt & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[850,1011,1891,1915]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FCE8F8EAFC4EF8C0" box="[850,1011,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well, although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FB0EF8EAFF63F824" author="Bittencourt, J. S. & Kellner, A. W. A." pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref2375" refString="Bittencourt, J. S. & Kellner, A. W. A. (2009) The anatomy and phylogenetic position of the Triassic dinosaur Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970. Zootaxa, 2079, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="2009">Bittencourt & Kellner (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
argued that a rugose surface is present on the homologous area of the left femur of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B4D8B2FFCF4E11FBC0F80EFB6AF824" box="[1146,1239,1927,1951]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13347A95FFCF4E11FB5CF80EFA87F824" box="[1254,1338,1927,1951]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1601,1626]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,189,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,180,1553]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A—Stratigraphic column [after Langer et al. (2018)] of the type-locality of both ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus. Main column depicting the main outcrop of the Alemoa complex with auxiliary column depicting the approximate level that yielded the abovementioned specimens. B—skeletal reconstructions of ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus depicting known bones in white and unknown in gray. C—Proximal portion of the right femur of ‘Teyuwasu’ (BSPG AS XXV 53), in cranial view. D—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in cranial view. E—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Saturnalia (MCP 3944-PV), in cranial view. F—Proximal portion of the right femur of Buriolestes (ULBRA-PVT280), in cranial view. G—Distal end of the right tibia of ‘Teyuwasu barberenai’ (BSPG AS XXV 54), in distal view. H—Distal end of the left (reversed) tibia of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in distal view. I—Distal end of the left tibia of Panphagia (PVSJ 874), in distal view. J—Distal end of the right tibia of Macrocollum (CAPPA/UFSM 0001c), in distal view. Abbreviations: at, anterior trochanter; dlt, dorsolateral trochanter; fh, femoral head; plf, posterolateral flange; ts, trochanteric shelf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335496/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Among mid to early Late Triassic dinosauriforms, a trochanteric shelf is absent in several groups, such as some ornithischians (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FF1AF859FE84F85C" box="[160,313,2000,2023]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">e.g., Eocursor</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FEEEF846FDA3F85C" author="Butler, R. J. & Smith, R. M. & Norman, D. B." box="[340,542,1999,2023]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="2041 - 2046" refId="ref2487" refString="Butler, R. J., Smith, R. M. & Norman, D. B. (2007) A primitive ornithischian dinosaur from the Late Triassic of South Africa, and the early evolution and diversification of Ornithischia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274 (1621), 2041 - 2046. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2007.0367" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Butler
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FE25F859FE60F85C" box="[415,477,1999,2023]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), theropods (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FD17F859FC8EF85C" box="[685,819,2000,2023]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">e.g., Tawa—</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCF4E11FC89F846FBB5F85C" author="Nesbitt, S. J. & Smith, N. D. & Irmis, R. B. & Turner, A. H. & Downs, A. & Norell, M. A." box="[819,1032,1999,2023]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" pagination="1530 - 1533" refId="ref3246" refString="Nesbitt, S. J., Smith, N. D., Irmis, R. B., Turner, A. H., Downs, A. & Norell, M. A. (2009) A complete skeleton of a Late Triassic saurischian and the early evolution of dinosaurs. Science, 326 (5959), 1530 - 1533. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1180350" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Nesbitt
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCF4E11FC32F859FC7BF85C" box="[904,966,1999,2023]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and post-Carnian sauropodomorphs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FF1AFF12FEC6FF09" box="[160,379,154,178]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">e.g., Macrocollum—</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FEC1FF13FDF6FF09" author="Muller, R. T. & Langer, M. C. & Dias-da-Silva, S." box="[379,587,154,178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="11" refId="ref3187" refString="Muller, R. T., Langer, M. C. & Dias-da-Silva, S. (2018) An exceptionally preserved association of complete dinosaur skeletons reveals the oldest long-necked sauropodomorphs. Biology Letters, 14 (11). [published online] https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsbl. 2018.0633" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Müller
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FE76FF12FDB4FF09" box="[460,521,154,178]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, this feature is present in some non-dinosaurian dinosauriforms (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FF5DFF36FEA9FF6D" box="[231,276,191,214]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FEA7FF37FD0BFF6D" authority="- Bittencourt et al., 2014" authorityName="Bittencourt" authorityYear="2014" box="[285,694,190,214]" class="Reptilia" genus="Lewisuchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FEA7FF37FE24FF6D" box="[285,409,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Lewisuchus</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FE0FFF37FD0BFF6D" author="Bittencourt, J. & Arcucci, A. & Marsicano, C. & Langer, M." box="[437,694,190,214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="189 - 219" refId="ref2416" refString="Bittencourt, J., Arcucci, A., Marsicano, C. & Langer, M. (2014) Osteology of the Middle Triassic archosaur Lewisuchus admixtus Romer (Chanares Formation, Argentina), its inclusivity, and relationships amongst early dinosauromorphs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 13 (3), 189 - 219. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2013.878758" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Bittencourt
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FD8CFF36FDC9FF6D" box="[566,628,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), silesaurids (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FCF7FF36FCC7FF6D" box="[845,890,191,214]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FC3EFF37FB37FF6D" authority="- Dzik, 2003" authorityName="- Dzik" authorityYear="2003" box="[900,1162,190,214]" class="Reptilia" genus="Silesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FC3EFF37FC4EFF6D" box="[900,1011,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Silesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FBB5FF37FB37FF6D" author="Dzik, J." box="[1039,1162,190,214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="556 - 574" refId="ref2744" refString="Dzik, J. (2003) A beaked herbivorous archosaur with dinosaur affinities from the early Late Triassic of Poland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23, 556 - 574. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / A 1097" type="journal article" year="2003">Dzik, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), early sauropodomorphs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FF1AFF6AFE32FF41" box="[160,399,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">e.g., Bagualosaurus—</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FE35FF6BFDEAFF41" author="Pretto, F. A. & Langer, M. C. & Schultz, C. L." box="[399,599,226,250]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="388 - 416" refId="ref3386" refString="Pretto, F. A., Langer, M. C. & Schultz, C. L. (2018) A new dinosaur (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Brazil provides insights on the evolution of sauropodomorph body plan. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 185 (2) 388 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zly 028" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Pretto
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FE6DFF6AFDA8FF41" box="[471,533,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FDD9FF6BFD4EFF41" box="[611,755,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Buriolestes—</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FD48FF6BFC6BFF41" author="Cabreira, S. F. & Kellner, A. W. A. & Dias-da-Silva, S. & Roberto-da-Silva, L. & Bronzati, M. & Marsola, J. C. & Muller, R. T. & Bittencourt, J. S. & Batista, B. J. & Raugust, T. & Carrilho, R. & Langer, M. C." box="[754,982,226,250]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="3090 - 3095" refId="ref2562" refString="Cabreira, S. F., Kellner, A. W. A., Dias-da-Silva, S., Roberto-da-Silva, L., Bronzati, M., Marsola, J. C., Muller, R. T., Bittencourt, J. S., Batista, B. J., Raugust, T., Carrilho, R. & Langer, M. C. (2016) A unique Late Triassic dinosauromorph assemblage reveals dinosaur ancestral anatomy and diet. Current Biology, 26, 3090 - 3095. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cub. 2016.09.040" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Cabreira
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FCEDFF6AFC28FF41" box="[855,917,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FC58FF6BFBD7FF41" box="[994,1130,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Saturnalia—</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FBD1FF6BFB46FF41" author="Langer, M. C." box="[1131,1275,226,250]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref3085" refString="Langer, M. C. (2003) The pelvic and hind limb anatomy of the stem-sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil). PaleoBi os, 23, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2003">Langer, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13347A95FFCE4E10FAA9FF6BFA32FF41" box="[1299,1423,226,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1601,1626]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,189,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,180,1553]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A—Stratigraphic column [after Langer et al. (2018)] of the type-locality of both ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus. Main column depicting the main outcrop of the Alemoa complex with auxiliary column depicting the approximate level that yielded the abovementioned specimens. B—skeletal reconstructions of ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus depicting known bones in white and unknown in gray. C—Proximal portion of the right femur of ‘Teyuwasu’ (BSPG AS XXV 53), in cranial view. D—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in cranial view. E—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Saturnalia (MCP 3944-PV), in cranial view. F—Proximal portion of the right femur of Buriolestes (ULBRA-PVT280), in cranial view. G—Distal end of the right tibia of ‘Teyuwasu barberenai’ (BSPG AS XXV 54), in distal view. H—Distal end of the left (reversed) tibia of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in distal view. I—Distal end of the left tibia of Panphagia (PVSJ 874), in distal view. J—Distal end of the right tibia of Macrocollum (CAPPA/UFSM 0001c), in distal view. Abbreviations: at, anterior trochanter; dlt, dorsolateral trochanter; fh, femoral head; plf, posterolateral flange; ts, trochanteric shelf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335496/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Figs. 1E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), and herrerasaurids (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FED7FE8EFD9FFEA5" box="[365,546,263,286]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Herrerasaurus—</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FD98FE8FFD10FEA5" author="Novas, F. E." box="[546,685,262,286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="400 - 423" refId="ref3326" refString="Novas, F. E. (1993) New information on the systematics and postcranial skeleton of Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis (Theropoda: Herrerasauridae) from the Ischigualasto Formation (Upper Triassic) of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 13 (4), 400 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1994.10011523" type="journal article" year="1993">Novas, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FD03FE8FFCD2FEA6" box="[697,879,262,285]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Sanjuansaurus—</emphasis>
|
||
Martínez &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FC49FE8FFB2DFEA5" author="Alcober, O. A. & Martinez, R. N." box="[1011,1168,262,286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="55 - 81" refId="ref2321" refString="Alcober, O. A. & Martinez, R. N. (2010) A new herrerasaurid (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina. ZooKeys, 63, 55 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 63.550" type="journal article" year="2010">Alcober, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, the distribution of the trochanteric shelf regarding dinosauriforms of the initial Late Triassic is highly variable, though it is present in most taxa coeval to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FED7FEC6FE68FEDD" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[365,469,335,358]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FED7FEC6FE68FEDD" box="[365,469,335,358]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Teyuwasu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Following, the ventrally directed femoral head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FC42FEC6FBDDFEDD" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[1016,1120,335,358]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FC42FEC6FBDDFEDD" box="[1016,1120,335,358]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Teyuwasu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FB41FEC7FA21FEDD" baseAuthorityName="Bittencourt & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1275,1436,334,358]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FB41FEC7FA21FEDD" box="[1275,1436,334,358]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and most basal dinosauriforms, though we interpreted this condition as result of taphonomic distortion, agreeing with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FF2DFE1FFE86FE15" author="Ezcurra, M." box="[151,315,406,430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="49 - 71" refId="ref2788" refString="Ezcurra, M. (2012) Comments on the taxonomic diversity and paleobiogeography of the earliest known dinosaur assemblages (Late Carnian-Earliest Norian). Historia Natural, 2 (1), 49 - 71." type="journal article" year="2012">Ezcurra (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Nevertheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FE66FE1EFDF9FE15" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[476,580,407,430]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FE66FE1EFDF9FE15" box="[476,580,407,430]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Teyuwasu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a symmetric fourth trochanter, which is similar to the condition in nondinosaurian dinosauriforms (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FE76FE32FDC0FE69" box="[460,637,442,466]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
|
||
e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FDBBFE33FDC0FE69" box="[513,637,442,466]" class="Reptilia" genus="Lewisuchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lewisuchus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FD31FE33FD47FE69" authorityName="- Dzik" authorityYear="2003" box="[651,762,442,466]" class="Reptilia" genus="Silesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FD31FE33FD47FE69" box="[651,762,442,466]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Silesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the herrerasaurid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FC76FE33FBD0FE69" baseAuthorityName="Bittencourt & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[972,1133,442,466]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FC76FE33FBD0FE69" box="[972,1133,442,466]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some theropods (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FA8EFE32FEBBFE4D" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">e.g., Coe-lophysis—</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FEBCFE57FE38FE4D" author="Cope, E. D." box="[262,389,478,502]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="621 - 633" refId="ref2704" refString="Cope, E. D. (1889) On a new genus of Triassic Dinosauria. The American Naturalist, 23 (271), 621 - 633. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 274979" type="journal article" year="1889">Cope, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but differs from most early sauropodomorphs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FC33FE56FC0BFE4D" box="[905,950,479,502]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FC07FE57FB6CFE4D" authority=", Macrocollum" authorityName="Macrocollum" box="[957,1233,478,502]" class="Reptilia" genus="Buriolestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FC07FE57FB88FE4D" box="[957,1077,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Buriolestes</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FBF8FE57FB6CFE4D" box="[1090,1233,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Macrocollum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FB67FE57FAF3FE4D" box="[1245,1358,478,502]" class="Reptilia" genus="Saturnalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FB67FE57FAF3FE4D" box="[1245,1358,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Saturnalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), some herrerasaurids (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FEFAFD8AFDA9FDA1" box="[320,532,515,538]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
|
||
e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FECCFD8AFDA9FDA1" authorityName="Reig" authorityYear="1963" box="[374,532,515,538]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Herrerasaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FD99FD8BFD7FFDA2" baseAuthorityName="Alcober & Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[547,706,514,537]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Sanjuansaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FD99FD8BFD7FFDA2" box="[547,706,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Sanjuansaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), some theropods (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FC2CFD8AFBB8FDA1" box="[918,1029,515,538]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
|
||
e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FC76FD8AFBB8FDA1" box="[972,1029,515,538]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tawa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), and ornithischians (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FB49FD8AFA31FDA1" box="[1267,1420,515,538]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">e.g., Eocursor</emphasis>
|
||
). Distally, the femur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FE38FDAEFE57FD85" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[386,490,551,574]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FE38FDAEFE57FD85" box="[386,490,551,574]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Teyuwasu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a crista tibiofibularis that is not well separated from the lateral condyle by a groove, similar to the condition in herrerasaurids (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FD2FFDC2FC8EFDD9" authorityName="Reig" authorityYear="1963" box="[661,819,587,610]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FD2FFDC2FC8EFDD9" box="[661,819,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Herrerasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FCD3FDC3FBB7FDD9" baseAuthorityName="Bittencourt & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[873,1034,586,610]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FCD3FDC3FBB7FDD9" box="[873,1034,586,610]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and on contrary of the condition in early sauropodomorphs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FE1CFDE6FDEEFD3D" box="[422,595,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
|
||
e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FE61FDE7FDEEFD3D" box="[475,595,622,646]" class="Reptilia" genus="Buriolestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Buriolestes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FDD9FDE7FD69FD3D" box="[611,724,622,646]" class="Reptilia" genus="Saturnalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FDD9FDE7FD69FD3D" box="[611,724,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Saturnalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and theropods (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FC34FDE6FC40FD3D" box="[910,1021,623,646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
|
||
e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FC7EFDE6FC40FD3D" box="[964,1021,623,646]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tawa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). Moreover, the femoral size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FAD8FDE6FF73FD11" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FAD8FDE6FF73FD11" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Teyuwasu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF7CBF5FFCE4E10FF4CFD1BFE85FD11" box="[246,312,658,682]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" unit="cm" value="26.0">26 cm</quantity>
|
||
) is compatible with other herrerasaurids [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FD49FD1BFC29FD11" baseAuthorityName="Bittencourt & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[755,916,658,682]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FD49FD1BFC29FD11" box="[755,916,658,682]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF7CBF5FFCE4E10FC06FD1BFBBCFD11" box="[956,1025,658,682]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" unit="cm" value="22.0">22 cm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FBA9FD1AFB0CFD11" authorityName="Reig" authorityYear="1963" box="[1043,1201,659,682]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FBA9FD1AFB0CFD11" box="[1043,1201,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Herrerasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF7CBF5FFCE4E10FB62FD1BFAA7FD12" box="[1240,1306,658,682]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" unit="cm" value="36.0">36 cm</quantity>
|
||
on average) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FF7FFD3FFED9FD76" baseAuthorityName="Alcober & Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[197,356,694,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Sanjuansaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FF7FFD3FFED9FD76" box="[197,356,694,717]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Sanjuansaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF7CBF5FFCE4E10FE37FD3FFE69FD75" box="[397,468,694,718]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" unit="cm" value="39.0">39 cm</quantity>
|
||
)], which are generally larger than other Carnian dinosauriforms [
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FB36FD3EFA8CFD75" box="[1164,1329,694,718]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
|
||
e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FB7AFD3FFA8CFD75" box="[1216,1329,694,718]" class="Reptilia" genus="Saturnalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Saturnalia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF7CBF5FFCE4E10FAE0FD3FFA20FD76" box="[1370,1437,694,718]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
on average),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FE98FD53FE27FD49" box="[290,410,730,754]" class="Reptilia" genus="Buriolestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FE98FD53FE27FD49" box="[290,410,730,754]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Buriolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF7CBF5FFCE4E10FE78FD53FDB5FD49" box="[450,520,730,754]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" unit="cm" value="14.0">14 cm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FDA0FD53FD06FD49" box="[538,699,730,754]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Bagualosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF7CBF5FFCE4E10FD5FFD53FC91FD49" box="[741,812,730,754]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" unit="cm" value="22.0">22 cm</quantity>
|
||
)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB06610FFCE4E10FF7DFD77FB85FC55" blockId="1.[151,1437,154,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
|
||
In relation to the tibia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FE7EFD76FD91FCAD" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[452,556,767,790]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FE7EFD76FD91FCAD" box="[452,556,767,790]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Teyuwasu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a distal end of the tibia with a rounded outline in distal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13347A95FFCE4E10FAB2FD77FAE3FCAD" box="[1288,1374,766,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1601,1626]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,189,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,180,1553]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A—Stratigraphic column [after Langer et al. (2018)] of the type-locality of both ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus. Main column depicting the main outcrop of the Alemoa complex with auxiliary column depicting the approximate level that yielded the abovementioned specimens. B—skeletal reconstructions of ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus depicting known bones in white and unknown in gray. C—Proximal portion of the right femur of ‘Teyuwasu’ (BSPG AS XXV 53), in cranial view. D—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in cranial view. E—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Saturnalia (MCP 3944-PV), in cranial view. F—Proximal portion of the right femur of Buriolestes (ULBRA-PVT280), in cranial view. G—Distal end of the right tibia of ‘Teyuwasu barberenai’ (BSPG AS XXV 54), in distal view. H—Distal end of the left (reversed) tibia of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in distal view. I—Distal end of the left tibia of Panphagia (PVSJ 874), in distal view. J—Distal end of the right tibia of Macrocollum (CAPPA/UFSM 0001c), in distal view. Abbreviations: at, anterior trochanter; dlt, dorsolateral trochanter; fh, femoral head; plf, posterolateral flange; ts, trochanteric shelf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335496/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
|
||
), that contrasts with those of most coeval dinosauriforms, such as
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FCA3FCABFC07FC81" box="[793,954,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Bagualosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FC72FCABFBFDFC81" box="[968,1088,802,826]" class="Reptilia" genus="Buriolestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FC72FCABFBFDFC81" box="[968,1088,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Buriolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FBF7FCAAFB56FC81" authorityName="Reig" authorityYear="1963" box="[1101,1259,803,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FBF7FCAAFB56FC81" box="[1101,1259,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Herrerasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FA9FFCABFA21FC81" box="[1317,1436,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FA9FFCABFA25FC81" box="[1317,1432,802,826]" class="Reptilia" genus="Saturnalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Saturnalia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which exhibit a subquadrangular or subretangular shape (Figs I, J). Indeed, a distal end of the tibia with a rounded outline in distal view was regarded as a possible autapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FCACFCE3FABDFC39" authority="(Bittencourt & Kellner, 2009)" authorityName="Bittencourt & Kellner" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Bittencourt & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[790,1280,874,898]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FCACFCE3FC0AFC39" box="[790,951,874,898]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FC7DFCE3FB44FC39" author="Bittencourt, J. S. & Kellner, A. W. A." box="[967,1273,874,898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref2375" refString="Bittencourt, J. S. & Kellner, A. W. A. (2009) The anatomy and phylogenetic position of the Triassic dinosaur Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970. Zootaxa, 2079, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="2009">Bittencourt & Kellner, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13347A95FFCE4E10FAAAFCE3FAD9FC39" box="[1296,1380,874,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1601,1626]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,189,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,180,1553]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A—Stratigraphic column [after Langer et al. (2018)] of the type-locality of both ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus. Main column depicting the main outcrop of the Alemoa complex with auxiliary column depicting the approximate level that yielded the abovementioned specimens. B—skeletal reconstructions of ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus depicting known bones in white and unknown in gray. C—Proximal portion of the right femur of ‘Teyuwasu’ (BSPG AS XXV 53), in cranial view. D—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in cranial view. E—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Saturnalia (MCP 3944-PV), in cranial view. F—Proximal portion of the right femur of Buriolestes (ULBRA-PVT280), in cranial view. G—Distal end of the right tibia of ‘Teyuwasu barberenai’ (BSPG AS XXV 54), in distal view. H—Distal end of the left (reversed) tibia of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in distal view. I—Distal end of the left tibia of Panphagia (PVSJ 874), in distal view. J—Distal end of the right tibia of Macrocollum (CAPPA/UFSM 0001c), in distal view. Abbreviations: at, anterior trochanter; dlt, dorsolateral trochanter; fh, femoral head; plf, posterolateral flange; ts, trochanteric shelf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335496/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
|
||
), but was recognized in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FEE6FC06FDCBFC1D" authority="(Nesbitt et al., 2009)" authorityName="Nesbitt" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Nesbitt" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[348,630,910,934]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FEE6FC06FE28FC1D" box="[348,405,911,934]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Tawa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FE18FC07FDD2FC1D" author="Nesbitt, S. J. & Smith, N. D. & Irmis, R. B. & Turner, A. H. & Downs, A. & Norell, M. A." box="[418,623,910,934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="1530 - 1533" refId="ref3246" refString="Nesbitt, S. J., Smith, N. D., Irmis, R. B., Turner, A. H., Downs, A. & Norell, M. A. (2009) A complete skeleton of a Late Triassic saurischian and the early evolution of dinosaurs. Science, 326 (5959), 1530 - 1533. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1180350" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Nesbitt
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FE4DFC06FD8FFC1D" box="[503,562,910,934]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FD12FC07FBC6FC1D" authority="(Alcober & Martinez, 2010)" authorityName="Alcober & Martinez" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Alcober & Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[680,1147,910,934]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Sanjuansaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FD12FC07FCFAFC1E" box="[680,839,910,933]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Sanjuansaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FCEEFC07FBCEFC1D" author="Alcober, O. A. & Martinez, R. N." box="[852,1139,910,934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="55 - 81" refId="ref2321" refString="Alcober, O. A. & Martinez, R. N. (2010) A new herrerasaurid (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina. ZooKeys, 63, 55 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 63.550" type="journal article" year="2010">Alcober & Martínez, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the other hand, distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FF6BFC3AFEB7FC71" box="[209,266,947,970]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FF6BFC3AFEB7FC71" box="[209,266,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Tawa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other dinosauromorphs, the posterolateral flange of the distal end of the tibia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FB3CFC3AFB53FC71" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[1158,1262,947,970]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FB3CFC3AFB53FC71" box="[1158,1262,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Teyuwasu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not exceed the lateral margin of the bone, same as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FDEEFC5EFD4FFC55" authorityName="Reig" authorityYear="1963" box="[596,754,983,1006]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FDEEFC5EFD4FFC55" box="[596,754,983,1006]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Herrerasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FC9CFC5FFC7AFC55" baseAuthorityName="Bittencourt & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[806,967,982,1006]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FC9CFC5FFC7AFC55" box="[806,967,982,1006]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13347A95FFCE4E10FC6CFC5FFB96FC55" box="[982,1067,982,1006]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1601,1626]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,189,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,180,1553]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A—Stratigraphic column [after Langer et al. (2018)] of the type-locality of both ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus. Main column depicting the main outcrop of the Alemoa complex with auxiliary column depicting the approximate level that yielded the abovementioned specimens. B—skeletal reconstructions of ‘Teyuwasu’ and Staurikosaurus depicting known bones in white and unknown in gray. C—Proximal portion of the right femur of ‘Teyuwasu’ (BSPG AS XXV 53), in cranial view. D—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in cranial view. E—Proximal portion of the left (reversed) femur of Saturnalia (MCP 3944-PV), in cranial view. F—Proximal portion of the right femur of Buriolestes (ULBRA-PVT280), in cranial view. G—Distal end of the right tibia of ‘Teyuwasu barberenai’ (BSPG AS XXV 54), in distal view. H—Distal end of the left (reversed) tibia of Staurikosaurus (MCZ 1669), in distal view. I—Distal end of the left tibia of Panphagia (PVSJ 874), in distal view. J—Distal end of the right tibia of Macrocollum (CAPPA/UFSM 0001c), in distal view. Abbreviations: at, anterior trochanter; dlt, dorsolateral trochanter; fh, femoral head; plf, posterolateral flange; ts, trochanteric shelf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335496/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB06610FFCE4E10FF7DFC73FF63FB7E" blockId="1.[151,1437,154,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Additionally, using skeletal robustness of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FD33FC72FD4CFBA9" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[649,753,1019,1042]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FD33FC72FD4CFBA9" box="[649,753,1019,1042]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Teyuwasu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to differentiate it from other coeval dinosauriforms is problematic because the holotypic bones are taphonomically expanded, as well as many of the tetrapod specimens that have been excavated from the Alemoa Member of the Santa Maria Formation (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FC34FBCBFBCEFBE1" author="Holz, M. & Schultz, C. L." box="[910,1139,1090,1114]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="335 - 345" refId="ref2918" refString="Holz, M. & Schultz, C. L. (1998) Taphonomy of the south Brazilian Triassic herpetofauna: fossilization mode and implications for morphological studies. Lethaia, 31, 335 - 345. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1502 - 3931.1998. tb 00523. x" type="journal article" year="1998">Holz & Schultz, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for more information). This is especially true for the specimens recovered from those distal floodplain horizons (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FBE3FBEFFA9AFBC5" author="Garcia, M. S. & Muller, R. T. & Da-Rosa, A. A. S. & Dias-da-Silva, S." box="[1113,1319,1126,1150]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="302 - 319" refId="ref2826" refString="Garcia, M. S., Muller, R. T., Da-Rosa, A. A. S. & Dias-da-Silva, S. (2019) The oldest known co-occurrence of dinosaurs and their closest relatives: a new lagerpetid from a Carnian (Upper Triassic) bed of Brazil with implications for dinosauromorph biostratigraphy, early diversification and biogeography. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 91, 302 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2019.02.005" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Garcia
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FB13FBEEFB5BFBC5" box="[1193,1254,1126,1150]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so detection of this biased taphonomic trend depends on personal interpretation, which hinders additional morphological assignments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB06610FFCE4E10FF7DFB5BFEC0F921" blockId="1.[151,1437,154,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
|
||
As explained above, the anatomy of ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FDEBFB5BFD7FFB52" box="[593,706,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Teyuwasu’</emphasis>
|
||
differs from all other coeval dinosauriforms, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FAAEFB5BFF04FAB5" baseAuthorityName="Bittencourt & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FAAEFB5BFF04FAB5" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Indeed, the diagnosis proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FDFBFB7FFD54FAB5" author="Kischlat, E. E." box="[577,745,1270,1294]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="58" refId="ref3040" refString="Kischlat, E. E. (1999) A new dinosaurian " rescued " from the Brazilian Triassic: Teyuwasu barbarenai, new taxon. Paleontologia em Destaque, Boletim Informativo da Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia, 14 (26), 58." type="journal article" year="1999">Kischlat (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
fails to distinguish ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FC73FB7FFB87FAB6" box="[969,1082,1270,1293]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Teyuwasu’</emphasis>
|
||
from the coeval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FB4EFB7FFA28FAB5" baseAuthorityName="Bittencourt & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1268,1429,1270,1294]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FB4EFB7FFA28FAB5" box="[1268,1429,1270,1294]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and accordingly, we did not recognize any unambiguous differences between both taxa, which share a unique combination of traits among coeval dinosauriforms: (i) femur without a trochanteric shelf; (ii) symmetric fourth trochanter of the femur; (iii) crista tibiofibularis poorly separated from the lateral condyle at the distal end of the femur; (iv) posterolateral flange of the distal end of the tibia of does not exceeds the lateral margin of the bone; (v) and rounded distal end of the tibia. Moreover, both taxa are similar in size and were exhumed from the same fossiliferous site complex. Except by
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FF2DFA47FE85FA5D" box="[151,312,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Bagualosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
, which differs anatomically from ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FD12FA47FCA2FA5E" box="[680,799,1486,1509]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Teyuwasu’,</emphasis>
|
||
no other described dinosauriform from the Santa Maria Formation reaches a similar size. Therefore, according to anatomical and geological data, we consider ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FB0AFA7AFA21F9B1" box="[1200,1436,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FB0AFA7AFAA5F9B1" authorityName="Kischlat" authorityYear="1999" box="[1200,1304,1523,1546]" class="Reptilia" genus="Teyuwasu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Teyuwasu</taxonomicName>
|
||
barberenai’
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FEC3F99FFDDDF996" authorityName="Colbert" authorityYear="1970" box="[377,608,1558,1582]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pricei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FEC3F99FFDDDF996" box="[377,608,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Staurikosaurus pricei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, following the Principle of Priority of the ICZN (Art. 23). Since the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FF59F9B3FE39F9E9" baseAuthorityName="Bittencourt & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[227,388,1594,1618]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FF59F9B3FE39F9E9" box="[227,388,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1BE1FFCE4E10FE16F9B3FDF1F9E9" author="Colbert, E. H." box="[428,588,1594,1618]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref2676" refString="Colbert, E. H. (1970) A saurischian dinosaur from the Triassic of Brazil. American Museum Novitates, 2405, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1970">Colbert (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, no other specimens had been referred to this taxon. Consequently, our proposal redefines BSPG
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3182680FFCE4E10FEFDF9D7FED4F9CD" box="[327,361,1630,1654]" name="American Samoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
XXV 53 and BSPG
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3182680FFCE4E10FDFCF9D7FDD5F9CD" box="[582,616,1630,1654]" name="American Samoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
XXV 54 as the first specimens recognized as referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F1D93FFCE4E10FB6FF9D7FACBF9CD" baseAuthorityName="Bittencourt & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1237,1398,1630,1654]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FB6FF9D7FACBF9CD" box="[1237,1398,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for almost half a century.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315359BFFCE4E10FF7DF92FFC20F8F5" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB06610FFCE4E10FF7DF92FFC20F8F5" blockId="1.[151,1437,154,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FF7DF92FFE54F905" box="[199,489,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Institutional abbreviations.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FE55F92CFD88F906" bold="true" box="[495,565,1701,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">BSPG</emphasis>
|
||
, Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Munich,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3182680FFCE4E10FA88F92FFA24F905" box="[1330,1433,1702,1726]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FF2DF940FEFFF95A" bold="true" box="[151,322,1737,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">CAPPA/UFSM</emphasis>
|
||
, Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica da Quarta Colônia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, São João do Polêsine,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3182680FFCE4E10FE3FF967FE77F8BD" box="[389,458,1774,1798]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FE6EF967FDACF8BD" bold="true" box="[468,529,1774,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">MCP</emphasis>
|
||
, Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Porto Alegre,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3182680FFCE4E10FBADF967FBE1F8BD" box="[1047,1116,1774,1798]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FBDCF967FB19F8BD" bold="true" box="[1126,1188,1774,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">MCZ</emphasis>
|
||
, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3182680FFCE4E10FE0AF89BFE54F891" box="[432,489,1810,1834]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FE4EF898FD89F892" bold="true" box="[500,564,1809,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">PVSJ</emphasis>
|
||
, Instituto y Museo de Ciencias Naturales,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBA8F2FFCE4E10FC41F89BFBE3F892" box="[1019,1118,1810,1834]" country="Argentina" name="San Juan" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">San Juan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3182680FFCE4E10FBDDF89BFB68F891" box="[1127,1237,1810,1834]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBA02FFCE4E10FB65F89BFA81F891" bold="true" box="[1247,1340,1810,1834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">ULBRA</emphasis>
|
||
, Universidade Luterana do
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3182680FFCE4E10FED3F8BFFE16F8F5" box="[361,427,1846,1870]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Brasil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Coleção de Paleovertebrados, Canoas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3182680FFCE4E10FCEFF8BFFC27F8F5" box="[853,922,1846,1870]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |