treatments-xml/data/03/9B/19/039B197EFFE7F57CE6F9FD4CFC6B11D4.xml
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<document id="35A0972C763F217F1511E9998D06339D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5264362" ID-ZooBank="22089255-436A-4DBB-BD93-1D3C8CF281FE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629854688094" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R." docDate="2013" docId="039B197EFFE7F57CE6F9FD4CFC6B11D4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03648p072.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3648 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Clytia paulensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFA26106FFDFF544E66EFFC3FF991441" masterDocTitle="Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1699122038660" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="717331EDD0FC5A1367EB3CEA6CA55A32">Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039B197EFFE7F57CE6F9FD4CFC6B11D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5263506" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5263506" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B197EFFE7F57CE6F9FD4CFC6B11D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B197EFFE7F57CE6F9FD4CFC6B11D4" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFE7F57CE6F9FD4CFDA416E8" box="[151,573,655,681]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE7F57CE6F9FD4CFDA416E8" blockId="56.[151,573,655,714]" box="[151,573,655,681]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="D0C51F04FFE7F57CE6F9FD4CFDA416E8" bold="true" box="[151,573,655,681]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE7F57CE6F9FD4CFDA416E8" ID-CoL="5ZFCY" authority="(Vanhoffen, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Vanhoffen" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,573,655,681]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE6F9FD4CFDA416E8" bold="true" box="[151,573,655,681]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE6F9FD4CFEC116E8" bold="true" box="[151,344,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Clytia paulensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE709FD4CFDAC16E8" author="Vanhoffen, E." box="[359,565,655,681]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="269 - 340" refId="ref61016" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 11, Zoologie 3, 269 - 340." type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen, 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFE7F57CE6F9FD71FE96168B" box="[151,271,690,714]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE7F57CE6F9FD71FE96168B" blockId="56.[151,573,655,714]" box="[151,271,690,714]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<figureCitation id="1309B4EDFFE7F57CE6F9FD71FE96168B" box="[151,271,690,714]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,206,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-383@55.[151,1436,195,1163]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 16. a, Clytia noliformis: hydrotheca and distal part of pedicel, ROMIZ B3984, scale equals 0.10 mm. b, Clytia noliformis: gonotheca, ROMIZ B3984, scale equals 0.10 mm. c, Clytia paulensis: part of colony with hydrotheca and pedicel, ROMIZ B1103, scale equals 0.20 mm. d, Clytia paulensis: hydrotheca and distal part of pedicel, ROMIZ B1103, scale equals 0.10 mm. e, Obelia geniculata: part of hydrocaulus with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1119, scale equals 0.25 mm. f, Obelia hyalina: part of colony with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B3985, scale equals 0.25 mm. g, Obelia oxydentata: part of colony with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1112, scale equals 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5264418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5264418/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 16c, d</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFE7F57CE6F9FD39FD751751" box="[151,748,762,784]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE7F57CE6F9FD39FD751751" blockId="56.[151,748,762,784]" box="[151,748,762,784]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB228F46FFE7F57CE6F9FD39FD751751" box="[151,748,762,784]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<treatmentCitation id="0A938E79FFE7F57CE6F9FD39FDEC1751" author="Vanhoffen, E." box="[151,629,762,784]" page="298" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" year="1910">
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE7F57CE6F9FD39FDEC1751" ID-CoL="5X8DQ" authority="Vanhoffen, 1910: 298" authorityName="Vanhoffen" authorityPageNumber="298" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,629,762,784]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE6F9FD39FE081751" box="[151,401,762,784]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Campanularia paulensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE7F9FD39FDEC1751" author="Vanhoffen, E." box="[407,629,762,784]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="269 - 340" refId="ref61016" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 11, Zoologie 3, 269 - 340." type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen, 1910: 298</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 19a, b.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFE7F57CE6F9FCFEFAB217DC" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE7F57CE6F9FCFEFC7A1714" blockId="56.[151,1436,829,1429]" box="[151,995,829,854]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE6F9FCFEFEAC1717" bold="true" box="[151,309,829,854]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<typeStatus id="548916CAFFE7F57CE6F9FCFEFF4B1714" box="[151,210,829,853]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Île Saint-Paul, crater basin, shallow water (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE573FCFEFC4E1714" author="Vanhoffen, E." box="[797,983,829,853]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="269 - 340" refId="ref61016" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 11, Zoologie 3, 269 - 340." type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen 1910</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE6A9FCA2FE3A173B" bold="true" box="[199,419,865,890]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Voucher material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5AA235FFE7F57CE7C0FCA2FABF17DC" collectingDate="1977-02-03" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="Off St. Lucie Inlet &amp; F. Stanton" elevation="44" latitude="27.18" location="Off St." longLatPrecision="123" longitude="-80.013336" municipality="St. Lucie Inlet" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="B1103" specimenCount="1">
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<location id="8EEDFEB3FFE7F57CE7C0FCA2FE661738" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B197EFFE7F57CE6F9FD4CFC6B11D4:8EEDFEB3FFE7F57CE7C0FCA2FE661738" box="[430,511,865,889]" latitude="27.18" longLatPrecision="123" longitude="-80.013336" municipality="St. Lucie Inlet" name="Off St." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
Off
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Lucie Inlet
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,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE06CEAFFFE7F57CE54AFCA2FC391738" box="[804,928,865,889]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="00.8" orientation="longitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="92" value="-80.013336">80°00.8W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCA058DFFE7F57CE5DFFCA2FC691738" box="[945,1008,865,889]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="44.0">
<elevation id="001F4F5BFFE7F57CE5DFFCA2FC691738" box="[945,1008,865,889]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="44.0">44 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8C8EA8FFE7F57CE26FFCA2FBEC1738" box="[1025,1141,865,889]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1977-02-03">
<collectingDate id="EFC87740FFE7F57CE26FFCA2FBEC1738" box="[1025,1141,865,889]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1977-02-03">03.ii.1977</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE2EBFCA2FAD61738" box="[1157,1359,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Johnson-Sea-Link</emphasis>
, diver lockout, JSL 2161, two colonies, up to
<quantity id="4CCA058DFFE7F57CE423FC46FD1717DC" box="[589,654,901,925]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
high, without gonophores, coll.
<collectorName id="26C7CDBEFFE7F57CE594FC45FBF417DC" box="[1018,1133,901,925]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">F. Stanton</collectorName>
,
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<specimenCode id="DB940013FFE7F57CE2B4FC46FABF17DC" box="[1242,1318,901,925]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">B1103</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFE7F57CE6A9FC6AFC6B11D4" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE7F57CE6A9FC6AFB071034" blockId="56.[151,1436,829,1429]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE6A9FC6AFEAD1780" bold="true" box="[199,308,937,961]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Remarks</emphasis>
. Although
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE7F57CE7DAFC6AFCA71780" authority="(Vanhoffen, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Vanhoffen" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[436,830,937,961]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE7DAFC6AFDF31780" box="[436,618,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Clytia paulensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE416FC6AFCAF1780" author="Vanhoffen, E." box="[632,822,937,961]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="269 - 340" refId="ref61016" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 11, Zoologie 3, 269 - 340." type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen, 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is distinctive, presumably widespread, and now quite frequently reported (see synonymy list in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE41BFC0EFC1317A4" author="Medel, M. D. &amp; Vervoort, W." box="[629,906,973,997]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref56483" refString="Medel, M. D. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2000) Atlantic Haleciidae and Campanulariidae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 330, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="2000">Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000</bibRefCitation>
), it was not described until the early twentieth century. Also surprising given its ubiquity is its remote
<typeStatus id="548916CAFFE7F57CE569FC31FCAE104B" box="[775,823,1010,1034]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
locality, a small volcanic island in the southern Indian Ocean.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE683FBD5FE13106C" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[237,394,1045,1069]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref52452" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1937 a) Hydroids of the Pacific coast of Canada and the United States. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 207 pp. [Note: a copy in the Gerstein Science Library at the University of Toronto is hand-dated in ink &quot; 14. 9. 37 &quot;.]" type="book" year="1937">Fraser (1937a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE7F8FBD6FE49106C" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[406,464,1045,1069]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref52677" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">1944</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE7B2FBD6FD8F106C" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[476,534,1045,1069]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref52705" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1946) Distribution and relationship in American hydroids. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 464 pp." type="book" year="1946">1946</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE44CFBD6FDC2106C" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[546,603,1045,1069]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="179 - 335" refId="ref52761" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1948) Hydroids of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions since March, 1938. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4 (5), 179 - 335." type="journal article" year="1948">1948</bibRefCitation>
) did not mention it from the Americas, although
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE7F57CE2EAFBD6FF411010" authority="(Fraser 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longitheca">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE2EAFBD6FADC106C" box="[1156,1349,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Clytia longitheca</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE33AFBD6FF491010" author="Fraser, C. M." pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="99 - 216" refId="ref52317" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1914) Some hydroids of the Vancouver Island region. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, section 4, series 3, 8, 99 - 216." type="journal article" year="1914">Fraser 1914</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the west coast is considered a synonym (Schuchert 2012). It has now been reported from both Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the American continents (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE4CBFB9EFCE81034" author="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Calder, D. R. &amp; Brinckmann-Voss, A. &amp; Castro, C. B. &amp; Fautin, D. G. &amp; Pugh, P. R. &amp; Mills, C. E. &amp; Jaap, W. C. &amp; Arai, M. N. &amp; Haddock, S. H. D. &amp; Opresko, D. M." box="[677,881,1117,1141]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref49096" refString="Cairns, S. D., Calder, D. R., Brinckmann-Voss, A., Castro, C. B., Fautin, D. G., Pugh, P. R., Mills, C. E., Jaap, W. C., Arai, M. N., Haddock, S. H. D. &amp; Opresko, D. M. (2002) Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Second Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 28, 115 pp." type="book" year="2002">
Cairns
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE499FB9DFCB11034" box="[759,808,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
; Oliveira
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE5B1FB9DFB881034" box="[991,1041,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
. submitted).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE7F57CE6A9FB41FB8210FC" blockId="56.[151,1436,829,1429]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
Recent taxonomic accounts of
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE7F57CE444FB42FD2E10D8" baseAuthorityName="Vanhoffen" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[554,695,1153,1177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE444FB42FD2E10D8" box="[554,695,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C. paulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include those of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE5ECFB42FB3010D8" author="Medel, M. D. &amp; Vervoort, W." box="[898,1193,1153,1177]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref56483" refString="Medel, M. D. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2000) Atlantic Haleciidae and Campanulariidae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 330, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="2000">Medel &amp; Vervoort (2000)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE28AFB41FE2110FC" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M." pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref58019" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa (2002)</bibRefCitation>
; the latter authors add notes on ecology of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE7F57CE6A9FB0AFC1B10A0" blockId="56.[151,1436,829,1429]" box="[199,898,1225,1250]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE6A9FB0AFE4B10A3" bold="true" box="[199,466,1225,1250]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Reported distribution.</emphasis>
Atlantic coast of
<collectingRegion id="49F6668AFFE7F57CE4F7FB0AFD7710A0" box="[665,750,1225,1249]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Florida</collectingRegion>
. First record.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE7F57CE6ABFB2DFEFA110C" blockId="56.[151,1436,829,1429]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
Western Atlantic. Chesapeake Bay (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE40DFB2EFD6B1144" author="Calder, D. R." box="[611,754,1261,1285]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref49207" refString="Calder, D. R. (1971) Hydroids and hydromedusae of southern Chesapeake Bay. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Special Papers in Marine Science, 1, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1971">Calder 1971</bibRefCitation>
) to
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFE7F57CE54AFB2EFCF11144" box="[804,872,1261,1285]" name="Brazil" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Oliveira
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE58FFB2DFB8C1144" box="[993,1045,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
. submitted), and from Challenger Bank near
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFE7F57CE77FFAD2FEE11168" box="[273,376,1297,1321]" name="Bermuda" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE7E9FAD2FD8E1168" author="Calder, D. R." box="[391,535,1297,1321]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1125 - 1139" refId="ref49857" refString="Calder, D. R. (2000) Assemblages of hydroids (Cnidaria) from three seamounts near Bermuda in the western North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research I, 47, 1125 - 1139. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0967 - 0637 (99) 00093 - X" type="journal article" year="2000">Calder 2000</bibRefCitation>
), the Gulf of Mexico (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE57AFAD2FB8B1168" author="Calder, D. R. &amp; Cairns, S. D." box="[788,1042,1297,1321]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref49991" refString="Calder, D. R. &amp; Cairns, S. D. (2009) Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D. L. &amp; Camp, D. K. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico. Origin, waters, and biota. Vol. 1. Biodiversity. Texas A &amp; M University Press, College Station, pp. 381 - 394." type="book" year="2009">Calder &amp; Cairns 2009</bibRefCitation>
), and the Caribbean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE35CFAD2FECE110C" author="Calder, D. R. &amp; Kirkendale, L." pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="476 - 491" refId="ref50132" refString="Calder, D. R. &amp; Kirkendale, L. (2005) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from shallow-water environments along the Caribbean Coast of Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 476 - 491." type="journal article" year="2005">Calder &amp; Kirkendale 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE7F57CE6ABFA9AFC6B11D4" blockId="56.[151,1436,829,1429]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
Elsewhere. Considered to be almost circumglobal in temperate and tropical waters (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE21FFA9AFAA81130" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[1137,1329,1369,1393]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref50996" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 b) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 2. Sertulariidae to Campanulariidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, new series, 50, 386 pp." type="book" year="1995">Cornelius 1995b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE352FA9AFF6F11D4" author="Ramil, F. &amp; Ansin Agis, J. &amp; Fernandez Pulpeiro, E." pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="181 - 208" refId="ref58533" refString="Ramil, F., Ansin Agis, J. &amp; Fernandez Pulpeiro, E. (1998) Soft-bottom hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) collected in the Ria de Vigo (NW Spain). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 323, 181 - 208." type="journal article" year="1998">
Ramil
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE3E6FA99FF3411D4" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
. 1998
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE76FFABEFD8811D4" author="Medel, M. D. &amp; Vervoort, W." box="[257,529,1405,1429]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref56483" refString="Medel, M. D. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2000) Atlantic Haleciidae and Campanulariidae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 330, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="2000">Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE472FABDFC7E11D4" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M." box="[540,999,1405,1429]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref58019" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>