205 lines
23 KiB
XML
205 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="C82D92DF74C9836A328D338535AABF65" ID-CLB-Dataset="69154" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6632289" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4420304b-d31c-468a-a431-2145caa8e2c0" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-89-7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6632289" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654878241841" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2013" docId="8477905E8653C34128CBAE731A42F60D" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_3_Phitheciidae_0432.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Cacajao melanocephalus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="482" masterDocId="784EE826864AC358287DA544105EFFF2" masterDocTitle="Phitheciidae" masterLastPageNumber="483" masterPageNumber="432" pageNumber="482" updateTime="1699339270720" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="9AD5A032345BE4273F180569A9E7D5AE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E3BDE751FA6ADE72F0E996E62D63263D">
|
||
<mods:title id="75A3BB6C5E5FACD1636DFD1F5080DAEC">Phitheciidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="227F2EFAEC5F026859A32D69ED3700EE" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="23731F8F9FF58425C7A84E035969789F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A87655CE387DFA5B4BEBF5FE3212A4C2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="0612FAE716A38CACB49C194AD1DD1FCA">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="8625B61B2A8DED84E04B4321A1B444F5" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F681BE4B1A75156F82C80E46D6508A36">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="AEC00C8031D6121399A97FDCD9F37F4D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="ECD3A5E5D97777A3A62A06C695C5C585">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="15F9A4C050DD36F9142766CD0A797AE6" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A03441482209F5CC9075C40D2C3B62F5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="26799C6A507B899D72E8584EC20C8E2D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="700F77E694E9E14ECAA819621D0D60DB">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="01FA584D0F257C8C0DC1BCA6D857A113">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="2758C6CAB8088B72E70B112E7664A2CB" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="3C0689C58585F4181FC59F579D35C073">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="6B02B4B8A31DC6E72C93D9AFE6A10D7D">2013</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="005660E059551DF177B6F078B68897B1" type="pubDate">2013-03-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="E48BB9913F02FEAA1CA3863E4CD49B5B">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="D5DCC851177498AA6B60192C5587C582">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="79BE161550D42770343AF2318D33FED1">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="6F6AC8366E4ED03B8ED0D020ACA140EF">
|
||
<mods:title id="228458F6C9D2107A897A5244B293A745">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="3B006CB7017DB46DF0795B2CCED04392">
|
||
<mods:extent id="2DED8E3B1506D8E2269E41A0A5EC3DC6" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="A0C2CD79AFB22E44DB2FAAFE61846DF7">432</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="075056005BB08E57434C577404D9EE73">483</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="228712DF63E2F9555F16FDDCCA021B41">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CC935F83F9723A53BD52921FE0221393" type="CLB-Dataset">69154</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CD1B9623CAB7C6152266F678BF5318FA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6632289</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="469A05859946E2C371BF24EF6B441760" type="GBIF-Dataset">4420304b-d31c-468a-a431-2145caa8e2c0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AC1979488541CA1B3B1F53DE69AB3819" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-89-7</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="14D10902B42F432057637576E607A18A" type="Zenodo-Dep">6632289</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="8477905E8653C34128CBAE731A42F60D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6632271" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195833765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6632271" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8477905E8653C34128CBAE731A42F60D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8477905E8653C34128CBAE731A42F60D" lastPageNumber="482" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C34128CBAE7310B1F497" box="[182,239,2871,2917]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C34128CBAE7310B1F497" blockId="25.[180,1350,2871,3037]" box="[182,239,2871,2917]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<heading id="572996248653C34128CBAE7310B1F497" box="[182,239,2871,2917]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<figureCitation id="94E53DCD8653C34128CBAE7310B1F497" box="[182,239,2871,2917]" captionStart="Plate 30: Pitheciidae" captionStartId="18.[101,131,3442,3463]" captionTargetBox="[14,2725,13,3629]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="32. White-faced Saki (Pithecia pithecia), 33. Monk Saki (Pithecia monachus), 34. Gray's Bald-faced Saki (Pithecia irrorata), 35. Bufty Saki (Pithecia albicans), 36. Equatorial Saki (Pithecia aequatorialis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6632397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6632397/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">43.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C341297DAE7312F0F497" box="[256,686,2871,2917]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C341297DAE7312F0F497" blockId="25.[180,1350,2871,3037]" box="[256,686,2871,2917]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<heading id="572996248653C341297DAE7312F0F497" box="[256,686,2871,2917]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<vernacularName id="82DD51668653C341297DAE7312F0F497" box="[256,686,2871,2917]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Black-headed Uacari</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C3412A85AE7314F3F497" box="[760,1197,2871,2917]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C3412A85AE7314F3F497" blockId="25.[180,1350,2871,3037]" box="[760,1197,2871,2917]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<heading id="572996248653C3412A85AE7314F3F497" box="[760,1197,2871,2917]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDE5ACB8653C3412A85AE7314F3F497" ID-CoL="P4C9" baseAuthorityName="Humboldt" baseAuthorityYear="1812" box="[760,1197,2871,2917]" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Cacajao" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EAAFD5A8653C3412A85AE7314F3F497" box="[760,1197,2871,2917]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Cacajao melanocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C34128CBAE33151BF428" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C34128CBAE33143AF47E" blockId="25.[180,1350,2871,3037]" box="[182,1124,2935,2956]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<heading id="572996248653C34128CBAE33143AF47E" box="[182,1124,2935,2956]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EAAFD5A8653C34128CBAE33115DF47E" bold="true" box="[182,259,2935,2956]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="82DD51668653C3412971AE33118EF47E" box="[268,464,2935,2956]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Ouakari a téte noire</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="3EAAFD5A8653C3412999AE331261F47E" bold="true" box="[484,575,2935,2956]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="82DD51668653C3412A34AE33135DF47E" box="[585,771,2935,2956]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Schwarzkopfuakari</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="3EAAFD5A8653C3412B64AE33132AF47E" bold="true" box="[793,884,2935,2956]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="82DD51668653C3412B03AE33143AF47E" box="[894,1124,2935,2956]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Uakari de cabeza negra</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C34128C8AEDA151BF428" blockId="25.[180,1350,2871,3037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<heading id="572996248653C34128C8AEDA151BF428" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EAAFD5A8653C34128C8AEDA11F5F441" bold="true" box="[181,427,2974,2995]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="82DD51668653C34129CBAEDA122BF441" box="[438,629,2974,2995]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Black Uacari/Uakari</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="82DD51668653C3412AFEAEDA13DFF441" box="[643,897,2974,2995]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Black-faced Uacari/Uakari</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="82DD51668653C3412BF2AEDA1405F441" box="[911,1115,2974,2995]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Black-headed Uakari</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="82DD51668653C3412C15AEDA12A9F428" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Golden-backed Black Uacari/Uakari; Ayres'’s Black-headed Uacari/Uakari (ayresi)</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="82DD51668653C3412B79AE81151BF428" box="[772,1349,3013,3034]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Humboldt's Black-headed Uacari/Uakari (melanocephalus)</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C34128C8A9431334F3DA" box="[181,874,3079,3112]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C34128C8A9431334F3DA" blockId="25.[180,1383,3079,3474]" box="[181,874,3079,3112]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EAAFD5A8653C34128C8A943110EF3DA" bold="true" box="[181,336,3079,3112]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDE5ACB8653C341291DA943133BF3DA" authority="Humboldt, 1812" authorityName="Humboldt" authorityYear="1812" box="[352,869,3079,3112]" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Simia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephala">Simia melanocephala Humboldt, 1812</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C3412B04A94311A2F3A2" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C3412B04A94311A2F3A2" blockId="25.[180,1383,3079,3474]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="BCB62B158653C3412B04A94311A2F3A2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3806466340" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">San Francisco Solano Mission, Rio Cassiquiare, Venezuela.</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C34128C8A912153AF2E6" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C34128C8A912153AF2E6" blockId="25.[180,1383,3079,3474]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
An alternative taxonomy was proposed by J. Boubli and coworkers in 2008. They argued that the correct name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDE5ACB8653C3412A00A9391356F36C" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[637,776,3197,3230]" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Cacajao" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ouakary">C. ouakary</taxonomicName>
|
||
(between the rios Japura-Caqueta and Negro) is C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDE5ACB8653C3412935A9E11253F334" baseAuthorityName="Humboldt" baseAuthorityYear="1812" box="[328,525,3237,3270]" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Cacajao" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">melanocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and gave the black-headed uacari north of the Rio Negro a new name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDE5ACB8653C341291DA9941183F31F" authorityName="Boubli, Silva, Amado, Hrbek, Pontual & Farias" authorityYear="2008" box="[352,477,3280,3309]" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Cacajao" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hosomi">C. hosomi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Here the taxonomic arrangement of P. Hershkovitz in 1987 is followed, as proposed by S. Ferrari and colleagues in 2010. Two subspecies recognized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C34128CBA85F1881FE2B" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="58A171C08653C34128CBA85F1881FE2B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6632387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6632387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6632387/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" targetBox="[1452,2033,295,702]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C34128CBA85F121BF2CE" blockId="25.[180,1383,3079,3474]" box="[182,581,3355,3388]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EAAFD5A8653C34128CBA85F121BF2CE" bold="true" box="[182,581,3355,3388]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C34128C7A80D13EBF279" blockId="25.[180,1383,3079,3474]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDE5ACB8653C34128C7A80D13EBF279" authority="Humboldt, 1812" authorityName="Humboldt" authorityYear="1812" baseAuthorityName="Humboldt" baseAuthorityYear="1812" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Cacajao" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="melanocephalus" subSpecies="melanocephalus">C.m.melanocephalusHumboldt,1812—NWAmazoninSVenezuelaandNWBrazil,betweentheupperRioOrinocoandupperRioNegro.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C3412069A45F1881FE2B" blockId="25.[2065,2652,283,709]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDE5ACB8653C3412069A45F19F2FECE" authority="Boubli et al., 2008" authorityName="Boubli et al." authorityYear="2008" box="[2068,2476,283,316]" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Cacajao" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="melanocephalus" subSpecies="ayresi">C. m. ayresi Boubli et al., 2008</taxonomicName>
|
||
— NW Amazon in Brazil, evidently limited to a small area comprising the Rio Curuduri Basin and the middle to lower Rio Araca N of the Rio Negro.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C341206CA49B1763FBBD" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C341206CA49B1763FBBD" blockId="25.[2065,2652,283,709]" lastBlockId="25.[1449,2656,716,2559]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EAAFD5A8653C341206CA49B1951FDF2" bold="true" box="[2065,2319,479,512]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 40-50 cm (males) and 30-40 cm (females), tail 13— 21 cm (males) and 13-21 cm (females); weight 3.4-5 kg (males) and 2.4-3 kg (females). Male Black-headed Uacaris are slightly larger than females. Head is covered with hair, forwardly directed above forehead. Underside is sparsely furred, with red skin showing below black hairs of chest. Tail is short and bushy. External genitalia are fully pigmented. “Humboldt’s Black-headed Uacari” (C. m.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDE5ACB8653C3412167A65E1981FCC9" baseAuthorityName="Humboldt" baseAuthorityYear="1812" box="[2330,2527,794,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Cacajao" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">melanocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is mostly black, and middle of its back is reddish brown without a marked contrast with lower back and thighs. Its face is very dark, except for a patch of pink around its mouth, and almost totally hairless. Its crown has long forwardly directed blackish pelage. “Ayres’s Black-headed Uacari” (C. m. ayresi) is mostly black, and its darker mantle does not contrast strongly with its blackish mid-dorsum and lower back. Its tail and thighs are blackish. Pelage is not very long; hairs on its crown project forward only a little and do not completely coverits ears.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C3412DD7A11118EBFAE6" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C3412DD7A11118EBFAE6" blockId="25.[1449,2656,716,2559]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EAAFD5A8653C3412DD7A1111647FB84" bold="true" box="[1450,1561,1109,1142]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
[Lowland forest in permanently or seasonally flooded forest near black-water streams (igapo), palm swamp forest, and terra firma forest and caatinga xeric forest on white sand. Black-headed Uacaris are found at elevations of 100-1500 m. As in other uacaris, the Black-headed Uacari prefers the forest canopy, but they often travel just above water level in vines and bushes in flooded forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C3412DD7A05E173EF96C" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C3412DD7A05E173EF96C" blockId="25.[1449,2656,716,2559]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EAAFD5A8653C3412DD7A05E16EFFAC9" bold="true" box="[1450,1713,1306,1339]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Black-headed Uacaris are seed predators. A specialized dentition, with large splayed canines, procumbent incisors and low-crowned molars,is used for extracting and processing seeds from hard fruits.J. Boubli in his study in Pico da Neblina National Park found that seeds of immature fruits accounted for 64% of the diet of Humboldt’s Black-headed Uacari, while seeds and pulp of mature fruits represented 27%. Flowers, leaves, and buds comprised 7% of the records, and arthropods 2%. Arthropods ingested included grasshoppers, ants, spiders, katydids, and cockroaches. The most important plant families providing fruits were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDE5ACB8653C34120C0A36919CDF9BC" box="[2237,2451,1581,1614]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDE5ACB8653C34121DEA3691A7BF9BC" box="[2467,2597,1581,1614]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDE5ACB8653C3412248A3691677F984" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapotaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDE5ACB8653C3412E44A311175DF984" box="[1593,1795,1621,1654]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lecythidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lecythidaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDE5ACB8653C3412F32A31117BCF984" box="[1871,2018,1621,1654]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is no specific data on feeding ecology of Ayres’s Black-headed Uacari.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C3412DD7A3E7168CF8E6" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C3412DD7A3E7168CF8E6" blockId="25.[1449,2656,716,2559]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EAAFD5A8653C3412DD7A3E7166FF936" bold="true" box="[1450,1585,1699,1732]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Gestation is ¢.190 days, after which a single infant is born. At Pico da Neblina, J. Boubli observed births in the beginning of the rainy season—the period of peak fruit availability.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C3412DD4A25D19DDF87B" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C3412DD4A25D19DDF87B" blockId="25.[1449,2656,716,2559]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EAAFD5A8653C3412DD4A25D16C6F8C8" bold="true" box="[1449,1688,1817,1850]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Black-headed Uacaris begin their activities at dawn and are active until dusk. The activity budget of Humboldt’s Black-headed Uacari in the Pico da Neblina was 31% foraging, 27% traveling, 22% resting, and 20% feeding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C3412DD6A2CB1995F7BC" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C3412DD6A2CB1995F7BC" blockId="25.[1449,2656,716,2559]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EAAFD5A8653C3412DD6A2CB1830F842" bold="true" box="[1451,2158,1935,1968]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Black-headed Uacaris live in large multimale—multifemale groups of 35-100 individuals. The Pico da Neblina study group had c.70 individuals and used 1053 ha. Seasonal migrations were not observed. Daily movements averaged 2300 m (1200-4400 m). When traveling, Black-headed Uacaris are dispersed, coordinating their movements through contact calls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C3412DD1AD101697F67B" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C3412DD1AD101697F67B" blockId="25.[1449,2656,716,2559]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EAAFD5A8653C3412DD1AD101747F787" bold="true" box="[1452,1817,2132,2165]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix I. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The nominate subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDE5ACB8653C3412F86AD3F189BF76E" baseAuthorityName="Humboldt" baseAuthorityYear="1812" box="[2043,2245,2171,2204]" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Cacajao" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">melanocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDE5ACB8653C341213CAD3F19E1F76E" authorityName="Boubli, Silva, Amado, Hrbek, Pontual & Farias" authorityYear="2008" box="[2369,2495,2171,2204]" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Cacajao" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hosomi">C. hosomi</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and ayres: (as C. ayresi) are listed as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The vulnerable status of the subspecies is due to their limited distributions, and hunting. Generally, the Black-headed Uacari is little-known and considered rare. Humboldt’s Black-headed Uacari occurs in Pico da Neblina National Park in Brazil and Serrania de la Neblina National Park in Venezuela. Ayres’s Black-headed Uacari is not known to occur in any protected areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44C472C38653C3412DD0ACD81A42F60D" pageId="25" pageNumber="482" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C6121488653C3412DD0ACD81A42F60D" blockId="25.[1449,2656,716,2559]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EAAFD5A8653C3412DD0ACD81618F643" bold="true" box="[1453,1606,2460,2481]" pageId="25" pageNumber="482">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Barnett, Boubli et al. (2008), Barnett, Bowler et al. (2013), Boubli (1993, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2002), Boubli & Veiga (2008a, 2008b), Boubli, Silva et al. (2008), Ferrari, Guedes et al. (2010), Groves (2001), Hershkovitz (1987b), Lehman & Robertson (1994), Mittermeier & Coimbra-Filho (1977), Norconk (2011).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |