283 lines
36 KiB
XML
283 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="57202D3E5031EAF2508ACE265A8055FE" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191088" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5a169008-e3e8-4f54-9bfa-4618612942b9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191088" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461123532220" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cárdenas, Paco, Menegola, Carla, Rapp, Hans Tore & Díaz, Maria Cristina" docDate="2009" docId="03FD6D27AA59320AFF4B2FD3BA71EF43" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02276p039.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2276" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Stelletta" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFC4155FAA4A321FFFDC2C1EBE47EB47" masterDocTitle="Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698596348993" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="640E9FB1A5B55D888692668BB8A8D1E7">
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<mods:title id="431D25FE01C8B4F0E8744E046DE74EA5">Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="06BC5746DE90BEF7AF5335A5683C4F6B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9107D68E6483814A872EFDD3449917EF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="ED4FEC1218E69E182DF0A1AAAB35D7A1">Cárdenas, Paco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9B75245718BE182A5401C3BF60E8570F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6C81AA325F3B6426E3F21CF45F65C4E5">Menegola, Carla</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A37464242E48F36338264B4674BD8B3F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="046BE2879BBBF47A82A7BA3E6AC83C93">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8CD9BC2CFCC16DC83691977B514091E0">Rapp, Hans Tore</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A3360D172D8869061B074A759E8DB624" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FEC311C7C04AEC4E48619966553F3B0C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5743940E2FF258341A351E9E344FC9D0">Díaz, Maria Cristina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AEB4112BA7BAA36B3316A19B93B63905">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="EB975A0A6D055EDA5E64717A41B9F897">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2E6F4E354F2C151281C7AAA428CD93B9">
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<mods:date id="E40C953DB47D2DD87EAA89D782A70E49">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="923654EB399A3F559EA82C5E57CFFBE3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B7C5255AA2258416ED8BA5F4461A6C8D">2276</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8C014E1F20ADFAE5B9CA76B4A4614950">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EF1EFB673073B563B54C997B864047EF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.191088</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0B675A0770DB3927359AB443733D1624" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0BE95843AB625194D6BABA2ECDA56B95" type="Zenodo-Dep">191088</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CED1B58118C3811D4A99C04D5A389B43" type="ZooBank">46BBD11F-098D-4074-807A-D0BF34AB0522</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FD6D27AA59320AFF4B2FD3BA71EF43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689928" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119626241" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689928" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD6D27AA59320AFF4B2FD3BA71EF43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD6D27AA59320AFF4B2FD3BA71EF43" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA59320CFF4B2FD3BF5BEF4B" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA59320CFF4B2FD3BF65E8A0" blockId="19.[151,290,973,1036]" box="[151,290,973,999]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0A36B5DAA59320CFF4B2FD3BF65E8A0" bold="true" box="[151,290,973,999]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFF4B2FD3BF65E8A0" bold="true" box="[151,290,973,999]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA59320CFF4B2FD3BEB0E8A0" box="[151,247,973,999]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFF4B2FD3BEB0E8A0" bold="true" box="[151,247,973,999]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stelletta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA59320CFF4B2FECBF5BEF4B" blockId="19.[151,290,973,1036]" box="[151,284,1010,1036]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA59320CFF432FECBF55EF4B" box="[159,274,1010,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,257,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[200,1372,187,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[200,1387,187,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Stelletta sp. [ZMBN 81643]: A. Specimen in situ on mangrove root, August 2007. Notice large oscule leading to a cloaca. Scale: 2 cm; B. Bleached specimen maintained alive in a tank, July 2009. Scale: 2 cm; C. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; D. Close-up of cross-section showing bundles of triaenes at the surface of the sponge. Scale: 1 mm; E. Oxea II. Scale: 100 µm; F. Plagiotriaenes. Scale: 100 µm; G. Anatriaene and tylaster. Scale: 20 µm; H. Tylaster. Scale: 4 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191098/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 10</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA59320CFF4B2823BA8DEEE0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA59320CFF4B2823BB54EF10" blockId="19.[151,1437,1085,1970]" box="[151,1299,1085,1111]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFF4B2823BF42EF11" box="[151,261,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA59320CFED02823BF26EF10" box="[268,353,1085,1111]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ZMBN</collectionCode>
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81643, Solarte lagoon (9°
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<geoCoordinate id="EE60BAF6AA59320CFD412823BCB9EF10" box="[669,766,1085,1111]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="555" value="18.35">18.35 N</geoCoordinate>
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, 82°
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<geoCoordinate id="EE60BAF6AA59320CFCE62823BDE5EF10" box="[826,930,1085,1111]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="555" value="-10.39">10.39 W</geoCoordinate>
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), on mangrove root,
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<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA59320CFB4A2823BA84EF10" box="[1174,1219,1085,1111]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
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depth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA59320CFF1A287DBC87EFE5" blockId="19.[151,1437,1085,1970]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFF1A287DBD24EF3B" box="[198,867,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Additional material examined.
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<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA59320CFD97287DBD24EF3B" authority="Cosme & Peixinho, 2007" authorityName="Cosme & Peixinho" authorityYear="2007" box="[587,867,1123,1148]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="soteropolitana">Stelletta soteropolitana</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA59320CFCAE287CBAF6EF3B" author="Cosme" box="[882,1201,1122,1148]" pageId="19" pageNumber="36" refString="Cosme, B. & Peixinho, S. (2007) A new species of Stelletta (Astrophorida: Demospongiae) with a redescription and distribution range expansion for Stelletta kallitetilla in the Southwestern Atlantic Region. In: Custodio, M. R., Lobo- Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E. & Muricy, G. (Eds.) Porifera research: biodiversity, innovation and sustainability. Serie Livros 28, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 275 - 280." type="journal article" year="2007">Cosme & Peixinho, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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, UFBA-POR 500,
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<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA59320CFF4B2896BF46EFE5" box="[151,257,1160,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA59320CFED02896BF31EFE5" box="[268,374,1160,1186]" name="El Salvador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Salvador</collectingCountry>
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, Bahia State,
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<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA59320CFDCA2896BC27EFE5" box="[534,608,1160,1186]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, <
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<specimenCount id="9D5217B8AA59320CFDA12896BC87EFE5" box="[637,704,1160,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic">
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<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA59320CFDA12896BCFBEFE5" box="[637,700,1160,1186]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA59320CFF1A28B3BA8DEEE0" blockId="19.[151,1437,1085,1970]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFF1A28B3BFE5EF81" box="[198,418,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Outer morphology</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA59320CFE6928B3BC4CEF80" box="[437,523,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,257,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[200,1372,187,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[200,1387,187,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Stelletta sp. [ZMBN 81643]: A. Specimen in situ on mangrove root, August 2007. Notice large oscule leading to a cloaca. Scale: 2 cm; B. Bleached specimen maintained alive in a tank, July 2009. Scale: 2 cm; C. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; D. Close-up of cross-section showing bundles of triaenes at the surface of the sponge. Scale: 1 mm; E. Oxea II. Scale: 100 µm; F. Plagiotriaenes. Scale: 100 µm; G. Anatriaene and tylaster. Scale: 20 µm; H. Tylaster. Scale: 4 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191098/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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A–B). Massive, sub–globular sponge,
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<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA59320CFC0B28B3BA65EF80" box="[983,1058,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
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high, with a diameter of
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<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA59320CFA8428B3BBDEEF80" box="[1368,1433,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
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. Surface color alive is dark–purple to whitish. Choanosome color is cream In ethanol, cortex and choanosome are grayish. One large oscule (diameter:
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<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA59320CFDA028E6BCFEEE55" box="[636,697,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
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) with a contractile membrane is on the top surface. Under the oscule is a large cloaca (
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<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA59320CFE662903BFB2EE70" box="[442,501,1309,1335]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
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deep) with cribriporal exhalant apertures. Unconspicuous cribriporal pores are evenly distributed, each pore is 100–1000 µm large. Slightly–compressible, rugose surface with irregular ridges, grooves and knobs (
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<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA59320CFE032976BC04EEC5" box="[479,579,1384,1410]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2–7 mm</quantity>
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high). Mussels and oysters are embedded in it. A second specimen was observed (but not collected): it was about twice the size of
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<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA59320CFC952993BDD9EEE0" box="[841,926,1421,1447]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ZMBN</collectionCode>
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81643, with two oscules.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA59320AFF1A29ADBA44EBF5" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA59320CFF1A29ADBF5AED25" blockId="19.[151,1437,1085,1970]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFF1A29ADBF6DEE8B" box="[198,298,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Skeleton</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA59320CFE9C29ACBFDBEE8B" box="[320,412,1458,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,257,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[200,1372,187,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[200,1387,187,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Stelletta sp. [ZMBN 81643]: A. Specimen in situ on mangrove root, August 2007. Notice large oscule leading to a cloaca. Scale: 2 cm; B. Bleached specimen maintained alive in a tank, July 2009. Scale: 2 cm; C. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; D. Close-up of cross-section showing bundles of triaenes at the surface of the sponge. Scale: 1 mm; E. Oxea II. Scale: 100 µm; F. Plagiotriaenes. Scale: 100 µm; G. Anatriaene and tylaster. Scale: 20 µm; H. Tylaster. Scale: 4 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191098/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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C–D). Dense radial bundles of plagiotriaenes and anatriaenes, especially near the surface. Their cladomes are often found at or beyond the surface of the sponge. There is a slightly differentiated cortex, not visible with the naked eye, except for the pigmentation. Bundles of megascleres are looser under the cortex and triaenes less abundant. Acanthotylasters, oxeas I and II are abundant throughout the sponge.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA59320CFF1A2A73BA13ECF5" blockId="19.[151,1437,1085,1970]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFF1A2A73BF6FEDC1" box="[198,296,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Spicules</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA59320CFEE72A73BFD5EDC0" box="[315,402,1645,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,257,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[200,1372,187,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[200,1387,187,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Stelletta sp. [ZMBN 81643]: A. Specimen in situ on mangrove root, August 2007. Notice large oscule leading to a cloaca. Scale: 2 cm; B. Bleached specimen maintained alive in a tank, July 2009. Scale: 2 cm; C. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; D. Close-up of cross-section showing bundles of triaenes at the surface of the sponge. Scale: 1 mm; E. Oxea II. Scale: 100 µm; F. Plagiotriaenes. Scale: 100 µm; G. Anatriaene and tylaster. Scale: 20 µm; H. Tylaster. Scale: 4 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191098/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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E–G).
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFE382A73BC30EDC1" box="[484,631,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Megascleres</emphasis>
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: (a) oxeas I, large, slightly bent or straight, length: 1080–
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFAE02A73BBCAEDC1" box="[1340,1421,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1236.3</emphasis>
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– 1440 µm; width: 18–
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFE472A8DBF97EDEB" box="[411,464,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">24.4</emphasis>
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–32 µm. (b) oxeas II (
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<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA59320CFD3C2A8CBD7CEDEB" box="[736,827,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,257,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[200,1372,187,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[200,1387,187,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Stelletta sp. [ZMBN 81643]: A. Specimen in situ on mangrove root, August 2007. Notice large oscule leading to a cloaca. Scale: 2 cm; B. Bleached specimen maintained alive in a tank, July 2009. Scale: 2 cm; C. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; D. Close-up of cross-section showing bundles of triaenes at the surface of the sponge. Scale: 1 mm; E. Oxea II. Scale: 100 µm; F. Plagiotriaenes. Scale: 100 µm; G. Anatriaene and tylaster. Scale: 20 µm; H. Tylaster. Scale: 4 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191098/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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E), smaller, with very thinly pointed ends, almost whip–like, generally with a bend or a double bend, length: 303–
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFC7E2AA6BDA1ED96" box="[930,998,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">724.7</emphasis>
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–1000 µm; width: 3–
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFB392AA6BB4CED96" box="[1253,1291,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">9.5</emphasis>
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–14 µm. (b) plagiotriaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA59320CFE8D2AC3BFEEEDB0" box="[337,425,1757,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,257,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[200,1372,187,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[200,1387,187,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Stelletta sp. [ZMBN 81643]: A. Specimen in situ on mangrove root, August 2007. Notice large oscule leading to a cloaca. Scale: 2 cm; B. Bleached specimen maintained alive in a tank, July 2009. Scale: 2 cm; C. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; D. Close-up of cross-section showing bundles of triaenes at the surface of the sponge. Scale: 1 mm; E. Oxea II. Scale: 100 µm; F. Plagiotriaenes. Scale: 100 µm; G. Anatriaene and tylaster. Scale: 20 µm; H. Tylaster. Scale: 4 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191098/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
F), with rare dichotriaenes, rhabdome can have a straight pointed or whip–like end, rhabdome length: 511–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFE732B1DBFB4EC5B" box="[431,499,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">850.9</emphasis>
|
||
–1056; rhabdome width: 13–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFC8E2B1DBDC0EC5B" box="[850,903,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">31.5</emphasis>
|
||
–39 µm; clad length: 50–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFB662B1DBAB9EC5B" box="[1210,1278,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">121.3</emphasis>
|
||
–152 µm. (c) anatriaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA59320CFEEA2B36BFD5EC05" box="[310,402,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,257,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[200,1372,187,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[200,1387,187,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Stelletta sp. [ZMBN 81643]: A. Specimen in situ on mangrove root, August 2007. Notice large oscule leading to a cloaca. Scale: 2 cm; B. Bleached specimen maintained alive in a tank, July 2009. Scale: 2 cm; C. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; D. Close-up of cross-section showing bundles of triaenes at the surface of the sponge. Scale: 1 mm; E. Oxea II. Scale: 100 µm; F. Plagiotriaenes. Scale: 100 µm; G. Anatriaene and tylaster. Scale: 20 µm; H. Tylaster. Scale: 4 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191098/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
G), common but less frequent than plagiotriaenes, and rare dichoanatriaenes, with depressed apex, rhabdome length: 716–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFDB32B53BC87EC21" box="[623,704,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1363.2</emphasis>
|
||
–2280 µm; rhabdome width: 8–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFBE72B53BA28EC21" box="[1083,1135,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">21.7</emphasis>
|
||
–29 µm; clad length: 38–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFF4B2B6DBE8BECCB" box="[151,204,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">65.1</emphasis>
|
||
–91 µm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFEE72B6DBF90ECCB" box="[315,471,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Microscleres</emphasis>
|
||
: (d) acanthotylasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA59320CFD372B6CBD03ECCB" box="[747,836,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,257,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[200,1372,187,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[200,1387,187,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Stelletta sp. [ZMBN 81643]: A. Specimen in situ on mangrove root, August 2007. Notice large oscule leading to a cloaca. Scale: 2 cm; B. Bleached specimen maintained alive in a tank, July 2009. Scale: 2 cm; C. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; D. Close-up of cross-section showing bundles of triaenes at the surface of the sponge. Scale: 1 mm; E. Oxea II. Scale: 100 µm; F. Plagiotriaenes. Scale: 100 µm; G. Anatriaene and tylaster. Scale: 20 µm; H. Tylaster. Scale: 4 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191098/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
H), 5–8 actines with scarce spines, actine is only slightly tylote, one single spine at the tip of each actine, diameter: 9–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA59320CFC622B86BDB6ECF6" box="[958,1009,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">13.5</emphasis>
|
||
–20 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B8CB9AA5E320BFF4B2B52BCD1ECA9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191098/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[200,1372,187,1843]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA5E320BFF4B2B52BCD1ECA9" blockId="20.[151,1436,1868,2030]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5E320BFF4B2B52BF6DEC23" bold="true" box="[151,298,1868,1892]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5E320BFEEE2B53BFCBEC23" box="[306,396,1869,1892]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5E320BFEEE2B53BFCBEC23" box="[306,396,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Stelletta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. [ZMBN 81643]: A. Specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5E320BFCD02B53BD16EC23" box="[780,849,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
on mangrove root, August 2007. Notice large oscule leading to a cloaca. Scale: 2 cm; B. Bleached specimen maintained alive in a tank, July 2009. Scale: 2 cm; C. Cross– section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; D. Close-up of cross-section showing bundles of triaenes at the surface of the sponge. Scale: 1 mm; E. Oxea II. Scale: 100 µm; F. Plagiotriaenes. Scale: 100 µm; G. Anatriaene and tylaster. Scale: 20 µm; H. Tylaster. Scale: 4 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA5F320AFF1A2C86BA44EBF5" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,1028]" box="[198,1027,152,178]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFF1A2C86BC3DEBF6" box="[198,634,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Habitat in the Bocas del Toro region.</emphasis>
|
||
Mangrove roots, rare,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA5F320AFC5A2C86BDF4EBF5" box="[902,947,152,178]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA5F320AFF1A2CA1BC13EB9F" box="[198,596,190,216]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA5F320AFF1A2CA1BC13EB9F" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,1028]" box="[198,596,190,216]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFF1A2CA1BF1AEB9F" box="[198,349,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA5F320AFEB82CA0BF86EB9F" box="[356,449,190,216]" name="Panama" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA5F320AFF1A2CFBBA71EF43" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA5F320AFF1A2CFBBF63EA87" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,1028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFF1A2CFBBFB0EBB9" box="[198,503,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks and discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
This species appears to be rare in Bocas del Toro. We only sighted two specimens during our survey in 2007, both a few meters apart in Solarte lagoon. At this time, we only took a small piece from ZMBN 81643. In
|
||
<date id="FFEAFAF1AA5F320AFD9E2D2CBCFDEA0B" box="[578,698,306,332]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2009-07">July 2009</date>
|
||
, both specimens were still there, but were slightly bigger and bleached (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA5F320AFECC2D47BF20EA34" box="[272,359,345,371]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,257,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[200,1372,187,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[200,1387,187,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Stelletta sp. [ZMBN 81643]: A. Specimen in situ on mangrove root, August 2007. Notice large oscule leading to a cloaca. Scale: 2 cm; B. Bleached specimen maintained alive in a tank, July 2009. Scale: 2 cm; C. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; D. Close-up of cross-section showing bundles of triaenes at the surface of the sponge. Scale: 1 mm; E. Oxea II. Scale: 100 µm; F. Plagiotriaenes. Scale: 100 µm; G. Anatriaene and tylaster. Scale: 20 µm; H. Tylaster. Scale: 4 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191098/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The bleaching could be due to shading from the algae growing around it, because when we finally collected ZMBN 81643 and kept it alive alone in an open tank, it started to gain back some purple colouration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA5F320AFF1A2DD3BA71EF43" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,1028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
At present there are four known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFD282DD3BD14EAA1" box="[756,851,461,486]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFD282DD3BD14EAA1" box="[756,851,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Stelletta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with tylasters in the Caribbean (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFB272DD3BB36EAA1" box="[1275,1393,461,486]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFB272DD3BB36EAA1" box="[1275,1393,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. fibrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFA5A2DD3BF40E94A" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFA5A2DD3BF40E94A" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. variabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFECA2DEABFECE94A" box="[278,427,500,525]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kallitetilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFECA2DEABFECE94A" box="[278,427,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. kallitetilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFE392DEABC14E94A" box="[485,595,500,525]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pudica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFE392DEABC14E94A" box="[485,595,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. pudica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and three in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA5F320AFD2A2DEABD7AE949" box="[758,829,500,526]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFC932DEABD9AE94A" box="[847,989,500,525]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anancora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFC932DEABD9AE94A" box="[847,989,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. anancora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFC302DEABB2DE949" authority="Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003" authorityName="Hajdu & Carvalho" authorityYear="2003" box="[1004,1386,500,526]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="beae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFC302DEABA07E94A" box="[1004,1088,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. beae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA5F320AFB942DEABB2DE949" author="Hajdu" box="[1096,1386,500,526]" pageId="21" pageNumber="37" refString="Hajdu, E. & Carvalho, M. S. (2003) A new species of Stelletta (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Southwestern Atlantic. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 61, 3 - 12." type="journal article" year="2003">Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFF4B2E04BF26E974" box="[151,353,538,563]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="soteropolitana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFF4B2E04BF26E974" box="[151,353,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. soteropolitana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Of these, only the three Brazilian species share long clads (average of clad length> 100 µm) with our Bocas del Toro specimen. However, when compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFC352E5FBA0FE91D" box="[1001,1096,577,602]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFC352E5FBA0FE91D" box="[1001,1096,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Stelletta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFB5C2E5FBB49E91D" box="[1152,1294,577,602]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anancora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFB5C2E5FBB49E91D" box="[1152,1294,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. anancora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has (i) only one category of oxeas, (ii) 2–3 triaene sizes, (iii) no anatriaenes and (iv) no dense accumulation of megascleres in its cortex;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFE182E91BC5FE9EF" box="[452,536,655,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="beae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFE182E91BC5FE9EF" box="[452,536,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. beae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has (i) shorter plagiotriaenes (rhabdome length ca 490 µm) with longer clads (ca 200 µm), (ii) shorter anatriaenes with reduced clads (ca 23 µm), (iii) one size of oxea, and (iv) smaller acanthotylasters (ca 11 µm). When it comes to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFD622EC2BDC1E9B2" box="[702,902,732,757]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="soteropolitana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFD622EC2BDC1E9B2" box="[702,902,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. soteropolitana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it has i) plagiotriaenes twice the size of those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFF682F1CBF54E85C" box="[180,275,770,795]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFF682F1CBF54E85C" box="[180,275,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Stelletta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., ii) protriaenes and iii) no anatriaenes. As we have already shown for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFBB02F1CBA9DE85C" box="[1132,1242,770,795]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFBB02F1CBA9DE85C" box="[1132,1242,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. fibrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, anatriaenes can be present or absent in the same species, and the missing anatriaenes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFC392F37BAEAE805" box="[997,1197,809,834]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="soteropolitana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFC392F37BAEAE805" box="[997,1197,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. soteropolitana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, at the present time, cannot be used to distinguish the species from our
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFCDF2F4EBD55E82E" box="[771,786,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. The protriaenes found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFB5E2F4EBB17E82E" box="[1154,1360,848,873]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="soteropolitana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFB5E2F4EBB17E82E" box="[1154,1360,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. soteropolitana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could simply be plagiotriaenes that are more forward oriented. Also, it is important to stress that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFB662F69BBC6E8D7" box="[1210,1409,887,912]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="soteropolitana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFB662F69BBC6E8D7" box="[1210,1409,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. soteropolitana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described from a single specimen and therefore, we have no data on its intra-specific morphological variation, especially concerning spicule sizes. To conclude, we cannot exclude
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA5F320AFC082FDABAE7E89A" box="[980,1184,964,989]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="soteropolitana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA5F320AFC082FDABAE7E89A" box="[980,1184,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. soteropolitana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as being conspecific with our specimen but in our opinion more data is required to settle this matter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |