419 lines
40 KiB
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419 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.54842" ID-GBIF-Dataset="10af3b44-f672-4b8a-924d-12ce41fc181c" ID-PMC="PMC7458931" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-963-141" ID-Pensoft-UUID="80B851C4BB2E5BEFADD9A8BE6B45A940" ID-PubMed="32922134" ID-ZooBank="4D0CC38958E2494F9F83EA018172C28D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-963-141" checkinTime="1598316829659" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Huemer, Peter, Karsholt, Ole & Wieser, Christian" docDate="2020" docId="0F9D2C15347556F99A52ED24CEDABF04" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 963: 141-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 963" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.54842" docTitle="Megacraspedus cottiensis Huemer & Karsholt & Wieser 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="16E7C5ED-3271-473B-B5D7-B48D50128A20" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="80B851C4BB2E5BEFADD9A8BE6B45A940" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="80B851C4BB2E5BEFADD9A8BE6B45A940" masterDocTitle="Megacraspedus cottiensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from northern Italy - a case of taxonomic confusion" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1668169374309" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Megacraspedus cottiensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from northern Italy - a case of taxonomic confusion</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Huemer, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebsges. m. b. H., Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum, Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Krajnc-Str. 1, A- 6060 Hall, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0630-545X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">p.huemer@tiroler-landesmuseen.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Karsholt, Ole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wieser, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Landesmuseum fuer Kaernten, Sammlungs- und Wissenschaftszentrum, Liberogasse 6, A- 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>963</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>141</mods:start>
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<mods:end>152</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.54842</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.54842</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-963-141</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4D0CC38958E2494F9F83EA018172C28D</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167293884" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16E7C5ED-3271-473B-B5D7-B48D50128A20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F9D2C15347556F99A52ED24CEDABF04" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName LSID="0F9D2C15-3475-56F9-9A52-ED24CEDABF04" authority="Huemer & Karsholt & Wieser, 2020" authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt & Wieser" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus cottiensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottiensis" status="sp. nov.">Megacraspedus cottiensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="141">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–3" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 3. Megacraspedus cottiensis sp. nov., adult. 2 male, holotype; 3 female, paratype. Scale bar: 2 mm, all to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figures2-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444484" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figures 2-3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 4 - 6. Male genitalia of Megacraspedus faunierensis species group. 4 M. cottiensis sp. nov., holotype; 5. M. neli, holotype; 6 M. faunierensis, paratype, genitalia slide GEL 1219. Scale bar: 200 µm, all to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figures4-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444485" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–8" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 7 - 8. Female genitalia of Megacraspedus faunierensis species group. 7 M. cottiensis sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide GEL 1300; 8 M. faunierensis, paratype, genitalia slide GEL 1235. Scale bar: 200 µm, all to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444486" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">, 7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Holotype.</emphasis>
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Italy; • ♂; prov. Torino, Parco Naturale N Orsiera -
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rocciavrè">Rocciavre</normalizedToken>
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, Fenestrelle, ca. 0.7 km NE Pequerel;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="6" value="45.051666">45°3'6"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="4" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="16" value="7.071111">7°4'16"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 1820 m; 29 Jun. 2019; leg. P. Huemer; [Barcode identification number] TLMF Lep 27447; [genitalia slide number] GEL 1299 ♂ P. Huemer; coll. TLMF (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–3" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 3. Megacraspedus cottiensis sp. nov., adult. 2 male, holotype; 3 female, paratype. Scale bar: 2 mm, all to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figures2-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444484" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Italy; • 39 ♂, 2 ♀; same data as holotype; 1 ♂; [Barcode identification number] TLMF Lep 27448; 1 ♀; [Barcode identification number] TLMF Lep 27446; [genitalia slide number] GEL 1300 ♀ P. Huemer; coll. TLMF; • 31 ♂, 2 ♀; same data as holotype; 23 Jul. 2019; coll. TLMF; • 10 ♂; same data as holotype; leg. C. Wieser; coll. LMK; • 7 ♂; prov. Torino, Parco Naturale N Orsiera -
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rocciavrè">Rocciavre</normalizedToken>
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, Via Colle delle Finestre, Forte Serre Mariae E;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="58.88" value="45.04969">45°2'58.88"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="5.29" value="7.05147">7°3'5.29"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 1840 m; 30 Jun. 2019; leg. C. Wieser; coll. LMK; • 1 ♂; prov. Torino, Valsusa, Mompantero, Monte Rocciamelone; 2200 m; 3 Jul. 1993; leg. G. Bassi; genitalia prep. (in glycerin); coll. ZMUC [misidentified paratype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. neli" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="neli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. neli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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]; • 1 ♂; same data, but loc. Riposa; 2200 m; 16 Jul. 1993, leg. G. B. Delmastro; coll. TLMF [misidentified paratype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. neli" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="neli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. neli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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]; • 5 ♂; prov. Torino, Parco Naturale Orsiera -
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rocciavrè">Rocciavre</normalizedToken>
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, Usseaux, Colle delle Finestre N,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="21" value="45.0725">45°4'21"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="7.053056">7°3'11"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 2180 m; 24 Jul. 2019; leg. P. Huemer; coll. TLMF; • 14 ♂; prov. Torino, Parco Naturale Gran Bosco di Salbertrand, 2 km SE Colle
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<normalizedToken originalValue="dell´Assieta">dell'Assieta</normalizedToken>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="45.060555">45°3'38"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="6.978889">6°58'44"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 2240 m; 25 Jul. 2019; leg. P. Huemer; coll. TLMF; • 5 ♂; prov. Torino, Parco Naturale Gran Bosco di Salbertrand, 1.8 km SE Colle
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<normalizedToken originalValue="dell´Assieta">dell'Assieta</normalizedToken>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="40" value="45.06111">45°3'40"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="21" value="6.9725">6°58'21"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 2350 m; 21 Jul. 2020; leg. P. Huemer; coll. TLMF.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt & Wieser" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus cottiensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottiensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus cottiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs to a group of species with three distinct black spots in the forewing. It is characterised by the dark basal part of the costa and the dark grey-brown costal area of the forewing in the males, but otherwise it is very similar to other species of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. faunierensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="faunierensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. faunierensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group. This species is also similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. tristictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="tristictus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. tristictus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Walsingham, 1910 and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. pentheres" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="pentheres">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. pentheres</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Walsingham, 1920 in external appearance.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Major diagnostic characters are found in the male genitalia (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 4 - 6. Male genitalia of Megacraspedus faunierensis species group. 4 M. cottiensis sp. nov., holotype; 5. M. neli, holotype; 6 M. faunierensis, paratype, genitalia slide GEL 1219. Scale bar: 200 µm, all to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figures4-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444485" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">4-6</figureCitation>
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). The male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. cottiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="cottiensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. cottiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from that of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. neli" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="neli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. neli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the slightly narrower uncus, the long lateral sclerites of the saccus exceeding the maximum width of the saccus, and the slender phallus. The new species is easily separated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. faunierensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="faunierensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. faunierensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the smaller, less triangular-shaped saccus with proportionally longer lateral sclerites, and several other subtle characters such as the proportionally larger uncus, and more slender valva and phallus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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The female genitalia differ from that of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. faunierensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="faunierensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. faunierensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the convex anterior projection of the subgenital plate and the transverse, suboval signum whereas characters such as the differing lengths and widths of the ductus and corpus bursae may be variable (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–8" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 7 - 8. Female genitalia of Megacraspedus faunierensis species group. 7 M. cottiensis sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide GEL 1300; 8 M. faunierensis, paratype, genitalia slide GEL 1235. Scale bar: 200 µm, all to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444486" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–8" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 7 - 8. Female genitalia of Megacraspedus faunierensis species group. 7 M. cottiensis sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide GEL 1300; 8 M. faunierensis, paratype, genitalia slide GEL 1235. Scale bar: 200 µm, all to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444486" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">8</figureCitation>
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). The female genitalia are similar to those of several other species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the documented characters generally seem of limited diagnostic value in the delimitation of species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Finally, all species are easily separated by DNA barcode sequences (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neighbor-Joining tree (built with MEGA 7) of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode fragments. Values on branches represent bootstrap values of ≥ 75 % inferred from 500 replicates, scale bar represents substitutions per site. Note: the scale bar only applies to internal branches between species. The width of the triangles represents the sample size, and the depth the relative genetic variation within the cluster (2 x scale bar). Source: DNA Barcode data from BOLD (Barcode of Life Database, cf. Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444483" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444483" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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Neighbor-Joining tree (built with MEGA7) of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode fragments. Values on branches represent bootstrap values of ≥ 75 % inferred from 500 replicates, scale bar represents substitutions per site. Note: the scale bar only applies to internal branches between species. The width of the triangles represents the sample size, and the depth the relative genetic variation within the cluster (2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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scale bar). Source: DNA Barcode data from BOLD (Barcode of Life Database, cf.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01678.x" author="Ratnasingham, S" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Notes" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" pagination="355 - 364" refId="B8" refString="Ratnasingham, S, Hebert, PDN, 2007. BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System. Molecular Ecology Notes 7: 355 - 364, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01678.x" title="BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01678.x" volume="7" year="2007">Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Adult. Male (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–3" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 3. Megacraspedus cottiensis sp. nov., adult. 2 male, holotype; 3 female, paratype. Scale bar: 2 mm, all to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figures2-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444484" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">2</figureCitation>
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). Forewing length 4.0-5.8 mm. Segment 2 of labial palpus with moderately long scale brush, brown on outer surface, white mottled with brown on inner surface, white on lower and upper surface; segment 3 creamy white. Antennal scape without pecten; flagellum dark brown, at most weakly ringed with white. Head and thorax creamy white to cream. Forewing light yellowish brown, more or less intensively mottled with brown, costal half variably covered with grey-brown scales, dorsal half lighter, base of costa dark grey-brown, a black dot in fold at 2/5 and two black dots in middle of wing and at end of cell; some black-tipped scales along termen; fringes light grey. Hindwing light grey with concolourous fringes. Female (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–3" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 3. Megacraspedus cottiensis sp. nov., adult. 2 male, holotype; 3 female, paratype. Scale bar: 2 mm, all to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figures2-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444484" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">3</figureCitation>
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). Flagellum distinctly ringed with white. Head and thorax yellowish brown. Forewing length 4.1-4.2 mm. Forewing narrow, apically pointed, almost unicolourous light yellowish brown, without grey brown costal half, darker towards apex, fringes whitish. Hindwing lanceolate, whitish grey. Otherwise similar to male.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figures2-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444484" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" start="Figures 2–3" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figures 2-3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt & Wieser" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus cottiensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus cottiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., adult.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">2</emphasis>
|
||
male, holotype;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">3</emphasis>
|
||
female, paratype. Scale bar: 2 mm, all to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Variation. The extension of the darkened part of the costa as well as the amount of black scales on the forewings is variable.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 4 - 6. Male genitalia of Megacraspedus faunierensis species group. 4 M. cottiensis sp. nov., holotype; 5. M. neli, holotype; 6 M. faunierensis, paratype, genitalia slide GEL 1219. Scale bar: 200 µm, all to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figures4-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444485" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uncus moderately small, nearly sub-rectangular, apical corners rounded, apical edge with weak medial emargination; gnathos hook moderately slender, straight, apically pointed, approximately length of uncus; anterior margin of dorsal surface of tegumen with suboval emargination, sclerotised ridges from anterior edge converge in medial part of tegumen; pedunculi small, suboval, with small ridge; valva approximately width of uncus, stout, extending slightly beyond base of uncus, digitate distal part, apex broadly rounded; saccular area densely covered with setae, with longitudinal ridge, without separated sacculus; posterior margin of vinculum medially emarginated, with lateral humps, vincular sclerite elongated sub-ovate, with nearly straight sclerotised posterior edge; saccus moderately small, slightly shorter than valva, slender V-shaped, ratio maximum width to length 0.6, posterior margin with weak convex projections, separated by minute incision, medial part with sclerotised ridge from posterior margin to approximately middle, lateral sclerites approximately 1.3 times length of maximum width of saccus; phallus weakly curved at ca. one-third, with inflated coecum, two times wider than distal part, distal part 2.5 times length of coecum, sclerotised dorsal ridge, apex slender; ductus ejaculatorius with small internal sclerotisation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figures4-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444485" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" start="Figures 4–6" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figures 4-6.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus faunierensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faunierensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus faunierensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">4</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. cottiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="cottiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. cottiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., holotype;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. neli" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="neli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. neli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">6</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. faunierensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="faunierensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. faunierensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype, genitalia slide GEL 1219. Scale bar: 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, all to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–8" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 7 - 8. Female genitalia of Megacraspedus faunierensis species group. 7 M. cottiensis sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide GEL 1300; 8 M. faunierensis, paratype, genitalia slide GEL 1235. Scale bar: 200 µm, all to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444486" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papilla analis small, apically rounded; apophysis posterior slender rod-like, ca. 2.5 mm long, with short, bifurcate posterior end, bordered by small sclerotised field; segment VIII long and slender, ca. 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4 mm, largely membranous; subgenital plate with sub-triangular subostial sclerotisation, posteriorly weakly extended sclerites delimiting small ostium bursae, anterior margin with rod-like edge connected with apophysis anterior, medially with moderately short convex projection; apophysis anterior slender, rod-like, free-standing part approximately length of segment VIII, posteriorly becoming rod-like venula of segment VIII, extending to posterior margin of segment VIII; colliculum short; ductus bursae short, slender; corpus bursae, moderately short and slender, distinctly delimited from ductus bursae, entire length of ductus and corpus bursae ca. 1.7 mm; signum small, transverse, suboval spiny plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444486" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" start="Figures 7–8" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figures 7-8.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus faunierensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faunierensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus faunierensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">7</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. cottiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="cottiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. cottiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide GEL 1300;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">8</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. faunierensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="faunierensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. faunierensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype, genitalia slide GEL 1235. Scale bar: 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, all to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Northern part of the Cottian Alps in northwestern Italy.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||
Host plant and early stages are unknown. Adults were collected from late June to late July in a xeromontane grassland (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 9. Habitat of Megacraspedus cottiensis sp. nov., Parco Naturale Orsiera - Rocciavre, Forte Serre Mariae environs (photograph M. Vilgut)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444487" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">9</figureCitation>
|
||
) at artificial light sources. Males were attracted in the first 3 hrs of the night, with females, discovered by lighting the vegetation with a headlamp. Specimens were collected at altitudes ranging from ca. 1800 to 2350 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444487" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" start="Figure 9" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt & Wieser" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus cottiensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus cottiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., Parco Naturale Orsiera -
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rocciavrè">Rocciavre</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Forte Serre Mariae environs (photograph M. Vilgut).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">The specific name is an adjective derived from the Cottian Alps, where the new species was discovered.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="molecular analysis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Molecular analysis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||
Eight specimens of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus faunierensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faunierensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus faunierensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, covering all three described species, were successfully sequenced (sequence length 599 to 658 bp). Intraspecific distances are generally low (not applicable for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. neli" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="neli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. neli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), ranging from a minimum of 0% to a maximum of 1.71%, whereas interspecific divergence is much higher, ranging between 7.12 and 9.04% among members of the species group and 12.14% to the nearest species
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. sumpichi" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="sumpichi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. sumpichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Huemer & Karsholt, 2018 (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Intraspecific mean K 2 P (Kimura 2 - parameter) divergences, maximum pairwise distances and distance to Nearest Neighbour in the Megacraspedus faunierensis species group." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F978D223C3A0BE499CCABA2F361887EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" tableUuid="F978D223C3A0BE499CCABA2F361887EF">1</tableCitation>
|
||
, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neighbor-Joining tree (built with MEGA 7) of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode fragments. Values on branches represent bootstrap values of ≥ 75 % inferred from 500 replicates, scale bar represents substitutions per site. Note: the scale bar only applies to internal branches between species. The width of the triangles represents the sample size, and the depth the relative genetic variation within the cluster (2 x scale bar). Source: DNA Barcode data from BOLD (Barcode of Life Database, cf. Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444483" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">1</figureCitation>
|
||
) These values, however, are based on a low number of samples. All species in the group belong to different BINs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066213" author="Ratnasingham, S" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Notes" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" refId="B9" refString="Ratnasingham, S, Hebert, PDN, 2013. A DNA-based registry for all animal species: the Barcode Index Number (BIN) system. PLoS ONE 8: e66213. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066213" title="A DNA-based registry for all animal species: the Barcode Index Number (BIN) system. PLoS ONE 8: e 66213." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066213" year="2013">Ratnasingham and Hebert 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the BIN ID for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. cottiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="cottiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. cottiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is BOLD:AEA4020 (n = 3). All the individuals of the new species share the same haplotype and the distance to the nearest congeneric neighbour,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. faunierensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="faunierensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. faunierensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is 9.04% (p-dist).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="F978D223C3A0BE499CCABA2F361887EF" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F978D223C3A0BE499CCABA2F361887EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Intraspecific mean K2P (Kimura 2-parameter) divergences, maximum pairwise distances and distance to Nearest Neighbour in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus faunierensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faunierensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus faunierensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">Species</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">Mean Div.</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">Max Div.</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">Nearest Species</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">Nearest Neighbour</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">Distance to NN</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus faunierensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faunierensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus faunierensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">1.01</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">1.71</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus neli" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus neli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">DEPAL068-20</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">7.12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus neli" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus neli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">N/A</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">N/A</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus faunierensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faunierensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus faunierensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">LEASU040-18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">7.12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt & Wieser" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus cottiensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus cottiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">N/A</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">N/A</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus faunierensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faunierensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus faunierensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">LEASU040-18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">9.04</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus sumpichi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumpichi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus sumpichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">N/A</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">N/A</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer & Karsholt & Wieser" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Megacraspedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacraspedus cottiensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megacraspedus cottiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">LEASV695-19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rowspan="1">12.14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |