treatments-xml/data/03/C5/87/03C587E2FFC3FF84FE53FC5BFC9CF859.xml

<document id="D829F2B3982C4F70F2FAFE8106542C24" ID-CLB-Dataset="31611" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.348" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e6b25548-6721-4e1e-a68e-663c949b3306" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1042663" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:56D8BC29-3C29-4EE8-8633-B997784CA00A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1509986452861" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stephan M. Blank, Katja Kramp, David R. Smith, Yuri N. Sundukov, Meicai Wei &amp; Akihiko Shinohara" docDate="2017" docId="03C587E2FFC3FF84FE53FC5BFC9CF859" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT-348_synonyms style example.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 348" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Megaxyela inversa Stephan M. Blank &amp; Katja Kramp &amp; David R. Smith &amp; Yuri N. Sundukov &amp; Meicai Wei &amp; Akihiko Shinohara 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="5BA86B4F-CFAC-42E0-A2B8-BC81E1C0B517" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="FFFCFF9AFFD1FF90FFA8FFE7FFE4FFB2" masterDocTitle="Big and beautiful: the Megaxyela species (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) of East Asia and North America" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698480835060" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8317B0B9B4D659EC77B53D8728F3DDE4">Big and beautiful: the Megaxyela species (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) of East Asia and North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C8B0F4EC8235B3917B8BA599260EA92D">Stephan M. Blank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="240DED60283A92E5F79BF94040FD6B74">Katja Kramp</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="434E464B6C6691F856ABCAB97215C90A">David R. Smith</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="67009C56F605F0A3FBBC0F9D10424A35">Yuri N. Sundukov</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="12420717E01A2496924098FA501AA1DC">Meicai Wei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="73E5688C2C5B365CA767A072B3F5912E">Akihiko Shinohara</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C376657FFFC3FF82FE53FC5BFBDCFC65" box="[507,1080,956,983]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC3FF82FE53FC5BFBDCFC65" blockId="18.[357,1231,956,1054]" box="[507,1080,956,983]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC3FF82FE53FC5BFBDCFC65" box="[507,1080,956,983]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC3FF82FE53FC5BFC32FC65" authority="Blank &amp; D.R. Smith" authorityName="Stephan M. Blank &amp; Katja Kramp &amp; David R. Smith &amp; Yuri N. Sundukov &amp; Meicai Wei &amp; Akihiko Shinohara" authorityYear="2017" box="[507,982,956,983]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inversa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC3FF82FE53FC5BFD3BFC65" bold="true" box="[507,735,956,983]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Megaxyela inversa</emphasis>
Blank &amp; D.R. Smith
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B579DFFC3FF82FC76FC5AFBDCFC65" box="[990,1080,957,983]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C376657FFFC3FF82FECDFC07FC7FFBAC" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC3FF82FECDFC07FB2BFC49" blockId="18.[357,1231,956,1054]" box="[357,1231,992,1019]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5BA86B4F-CFAC-42E0-A2B8-BC81E1C0B517</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC3FF82FD30FBE4FC7FFBAC" blockId="18.[357,1231,956,1054]" box="[664,923,1027,1054]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC3FF82FD30FBE4FCF9FBAF" box="[664,797,1027,1053]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 6. Megaxyela inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov. (♀, paratype, DEI-GISHym 22356, USNM). A. Habitus, lateral; small insertion: original collection labels. B. Antenna. C. Head, frontal, arrowhead indicating carina along inner orbit. D – E. Metatarsus, lateral / lateroventral view. F – G. Wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042677/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 6A–G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC3FF82FC81FBE3FCB8FBAC" box="[809,860,1028,1054]" captionStart="Fig. 11" captionStartId="36.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[189,1399,265,1749]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 11. Species of Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898, ovipositor sheaths. A. M. euchroma Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov. (holotype, DEI-GISHym 22554, CSCS). B. M. fulvago Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov. (5752, NSMT). C. M. gigantea Mocsáry, 1909, holotype of M. mikado Sato, 1930 (22350, NSMT). D. M. inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov., paratype (22356, USNM). E. M. langstoni Ross, 1936, holotype (30821, INHS). F. M. parki Shinohara, 1992 (18510, NSMT). G. M. pulchra Blank, Shinohara &amp; Sundukov sp. nov., holotype (18501, NSMT). H. M. togashii Shinohara, 1992, holotype (22352, NSMT). Images not to the same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042687/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">11D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC3FF82FCC1FBE3FC7FFBAC" box="[873,923,1028,1054]" captionStart="Fig. 12" captionStartId="37.[189,232,1755,1781]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[189,1399,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 12. Species of Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898, ovipositors. A. M. euchroma Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov., paratype, DEI-GISHym 22510 (NSMT). B – C. M. fulvago Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov., paratype (5752, NSMT). C. Complete valvula 2 (incident light) and tip of valvula 2 (insert, transmitted light). D. M. inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov., paratype (22356, USNM). E. M. gigantea Mocsáry, 1909, holotype of M. mikado Sato, 1930 (22350, NSMT). F. M. parki Shinohara, 1992, paratype (18510, NSMT). G. M. pulchra Blank, Shinohara &amp; Sundukov sp. nov., paratype (22348, NSMT). H. M. togashii Shinohara, 1992 (22353, NSMT). The images in B and H have been flipped horizontally." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042689/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">12D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C376657FFFC3FF82FF15FBA2FB29FB03" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC3FF82FF15FBA2FED2FBED" blockId="18.[189,310,1093,1119]" box="[189,310,1093,1119]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC3FF82FF15FBA2FED2FBED" bold="true" box="[189,310,1093,1119]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC3FF82FF15FBA2FED2FBED" bold="true" box="[189,310,1093,1119]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC3FF82FF15FB93FB29FB03" blockId="18.[189,1398,1140,1202]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">This species is unique by the very long ovipositor sheath with the dorsal outline of valvula 3 straight and the ventral outline convex, and the ovipositor curved dorsally along its longitudinal axis.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C376657FFFC3FF82FF15FB3EFD65FAF6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC3FF82FF15FB3EFEA0FB41" bold="true" box="[189,324,1241,1267]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Etymology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC3FF82FF15FAE0FD65FAF6" blockId="18.[189,1398,1241,1348]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The Latin adjective 
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC3FF82FE0DFAEFFDE3FA93" box="[421,519,1288,1313]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">inversus</emphasis>
(fem. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC3FF82FDF9FAEFFD43FA93" authorityName="Stephan M. Blank &amp; Katja Kramp &amp; David R. Smith &amp; Yuri N. Sundukov &amp; Meicai Wei &amp; Akihiko Shinohara" authorityYear="2017" box="[593,679,1288,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inversa">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC3FF82FDF9FAEFFD43FA93" box="[593,679,1288,1313]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">inversa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) indicates the shape of the ovipositor, that, in contrast to other 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC3FF82FF15FACDFEDAFAF6" authorityName="Ashmead in Dyar" authorityYear="1898" box="[189,318,1322,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC3FF82FF15FACDFEDAFAF6" box="[189,318,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Megaxyela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, is dorsally curved.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFC3FF82FF15FA8BFC1AF915" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC3FF82FF15FA8BFE88FA34" blockId="18.[189,364,1388,1414]" box="[189,364,1388,1414]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC3FF82FF15FA8BFE88FA34" bold="true" box="[189,364,1388,1414]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC3FF82FF15FA8BFE88FA34" bold="true" box="[189,364,1388,1414]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC3FF82FF42FA7CFEB8FA07" blockId="18.[189,1399,1435,1567]" box="[234,348,1435,1461]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC3FF82FF42FA7CFEB8FA07" bold="true" box="[234,348,1435,1461]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="6">
<materialsCitation id="3B043CA9FFC3FF82FF42FA7CFEB8FA07" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1699357581" box="[234,348,1435,1461]" collectingDate="2012-04-01" collectingDateMax="2012-04-20" collectingDateMin="2012-04-01" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="J. Whitaker" country="United States of America" determinerName="S. M. Blank &amp; D. R. Smith" latitude="38.8528" location="Randolph Co., Job" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-79.5293" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="10067, USGS-DRO 292937, DEI-GISHym 32152" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="West Virginia" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC3FF82FF42FA7CFEB8FA07" bold="true" box="[234,348,1435,1461]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="54D78856FFC3FF82FF42FA7CFEB8FA07" box="[234,348,1435,1461]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC3FF82FF15FA59FDA0F9AD" blockId="18.[189,1399,1435,1567]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectingCountry id="F37B7664FFC3FF82FF15FA59FF18FA6A" box="[189,252,1470,1496]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
: 
<specimenCount id="9D6AFD7DFFC3FF82FEAFFA59FEFBFA6A" box="[263,287,1470,1496]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
: “USA 
<collectingRegion id="49A8F816FFC3FF82FED1FA59FDF8FA6A" box="[377,540,1470,1496]" country="United States of America" name="West Virginia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">West Virginia</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EB3602FFFC3FF82FD8FFA59FCE0FA6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587E2FFC3FF84FE53FC5BFC9CF859:8EB3602FFFC3FF82FD8FFA59FCE0FA6A" box="[551,772,1470,1496]" country="United States of America" latitude="38.8528" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-79.5293" name="Randolph Co., Job" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="West Virginia">Randolph Co., Job</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE585033FFC3FF82FCA7FA59FC6AFA6A" box="[783,910,1470,1497]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="38.8528">38.8528 N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE585033FFC3FF82FC31FA59FBFFFA6A" box="[921,1051,1470,1497]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="-79.5293">79.5293 W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFD21034FFC3FF82FB8FFA59FB01FA6A" box="[1063,1253,1470,1496]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2012-04-01" valueMax="2012-04-20" valueMin="2012-04-01">
<collectingDate id="EF96E9DCFFC3FF82FB8FFA59FB01FA6A" box="[1063,1253,1470,1496]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2012-04-01" valueMax="2012-04-20" valueMin="2012-04-01">1-20 April 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26995322FFC3FF82FB58FA59FA92FA6A" box="[1264,1398,1470,1496]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">J. Whitaker</collectorName>
<specimenCode id="DBCA9E8FFFC3FF82FF15FA06FEEDFA49" box="[189,265,1505,1531]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">10067</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBCA9E8FFFC3FF82FEBBFA06FDEEFA49" box="[275,522,1505,1531]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USGS-DRO 292937</specimenCode>
”, [red:] “Holotype 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC3FF82FD4CFA06FC25FA49" authorityName="Stephan M. Blank &amp; Katja Kramp &amp; David R. Smith &amp; Yuri N. Sundukov &amp; Meicai Wei &amp; Akihiko Shinohara" authorityYear="2017" box="[740,961,1505,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inversa">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC3FF82FD4CFA06FC25FA49" box="[740,961,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Megaxyela inversa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
det. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC3FF82FC50FA06FA83FA49" author="Schmidt S. &amp; Taeger A. &amp; Moriniere J. &amp; Liston A. &amp; Blank S. M. &amp; Kramp K. &amp; Kraus M. &amp; Schmidt O. &amp; Heibo E. &amp; Prous M. &amp; Nyman T. &amp; Malm T. &amp; Stahlhut J." box="[1016,1383,1505,1532]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resource" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="670 - 685" part="17" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12614" refString="Schmidt S., Taeger A., Moriniere J., Liston A., Blank S. M., Kramp K., Kraus M., Schmidt O., Heibo E., Prous M., Nyman T., Malm T. &amp; Stahlhut J. 2017. Identification of sawflies and horntails (Hymenoptera, ' Symphyta') through DNA barcodes: successes and caveats. Molecular Ecology Resource 17: 670 - 685. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12614" title="Identification of sawflies and horntails (Hymenoptera, ' Symphyta') through DNA barcodes: successes and caveats" type="journal article" year="2017">
<determinerName id="7E0FDA30FFC3FF82FC50FA06FB98FA49" box="[1016,1148,1505,1531]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S.M. Blank</determinerName>
&amp; 
<determinerName id="7E0FDA30FFC3FF82FB37FA05FAC6FA49" box="[1183,1314,1505,1532]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D.R. Smith</determinerName>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
”, “ 
<specimenCode id="DBCA9E8FFFC3FF82FF6FF9E2FE26F9AD" box="[199,450,1540,1567]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">DEI-GISHym 32152</specimenCode>
” (
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE31FFC3FF82FE74F9E2FDD3F9AD" box="[476,567,1541,1567]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USNM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="3B043CA9FFC3FF82FF42F9A1FC1AF915" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1699357591" collectingDate="1891-04-22" collectingDateMax="1991-04-22" collectingDateMin="1891-04-22" collectionCode="USNM" country="unknown" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="DEI-GISHym 22356" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC3FF82FF42F9A1FEB8F9D2" blockId="18.[189,1398,1606,1703]" box="[234,348,1606,1632]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC3FF82FF42F9A1FEB8F9D2" bold="true" box="[234,348,1606,1632]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC3FF82FF42F9A1FEB8F9D2" bold="true" box="[234,348,1606,1632]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="54D78856FFC3FF82FF42F9A1FEB8F9D2" box="[234,348,1606,1632]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC3FF82FF15F98DFC1AF915" blockId="18.[189,1398,1606,1703]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
UNKNOWN: 
<specimenCount id="9D6AFD7DFFC3FF82FECFF98DFE76F936" box="[359,402,1642,1668]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, “ 
<date id="FFD21034FFC3FF82FE19F98DFDF4F936" box="[433,528,1642,1668]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1991-04-22">4/22/91</date>
” [supposed collection date: 
<date id="FFD21034FFC3FF82FCF0F98DFC1DF936" box="[856,1017,1642,1668]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1891-04-22">
<collectingDate id="EF96E9DCFFC3FF82FCF0F98DFC1DF936" box="[856,1017,1642,1668]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1891-04-22">22. Apr. 1891</collectingDate>
</date>
, no collecting locality given, see insertion in 
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC3FF82FEE1F96AFE45F915" box="[329,417,1677,1703]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 6. Megaxyela inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov. (♀, paratype, DEI-GISHym 22356, USNM). A. Habitus, lateral; small insertion: original collection labels. B. Antenna. C. Head, frontal, arrowhead indicating carina along inner orbit. D – E. Metatarsus, lateral / lateroventral view. F – G. Wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042677/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
for original labels], 
<specimenCode id="DBCA9E8FFFC3FF82FD39F96AFC62F915" box="[657,902,1676,1703]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">DEI-GISHym 22356</specimenCode>
(USNM).
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFC3FF84FF15F929FEDDFA9C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC3FF82FF15F929FEAAF95A" blockId="18.[189,334,1742,1768]" box="[189,334,1742,1768]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC3FF82FF15F929FEAAF95A" bold="true" box="[189,334,1742,1768]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC3FF82FF15F929FEAAF95A" bold="true" box="[189,334,1742,1768]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC3FF82FF42F91AFEA1F8A5" blockId="18.[189,1399,1789,2027]" box="[234,325,1789,1815]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC3FF82FF42F91AFEA1F8A5" bold="true" box="[234,325,1789,1815]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC3FF82FF42F91AFEA1F8A5" bold="true" box="[234,325,1789,1815]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Female</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC3FF84FF15F8C7FD2CFE24" blockId="18.[189,1399,1789,2027]" lastBlockId="20.[189,1399,267,406]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
COLOR. Black with white pattern, black parts with bronze to blue tinge (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC3FF82FBA2F8C7FB68F888" box="[1034,1164,1824,1850]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 6. Megaxyela inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov. (♀, paratype, DEI-GISHym 22356, USNM). A. Habitus, lateral; small insertion: original collection labels. B. Antenna. C. Head, frontal, arrowhead indicating carina along inner orbit. D – E. Metatarsus, lateral / lateroventral view. F – G. Wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042677/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6A, C</figureCitation>
). Head below toruli brown, clypeus and labrum white, preapical region of labrum and mandibles brown white, labial palpomeres 1–2 white (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC3FF82FE7FF880FDD2F830" box="[471,566,1895,1922]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 6. Megaxyela inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov. (♀, paratype, DEI-GISHym 22356, USNM). A. Habitus, lateral; small insertion: original collection labels. B. Antenna. C. Head, frontal, arrowhead indicating carina along inner orbit. D – E. Metatarsus, lateral / lateroventral view. F – G. Wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042677/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Antenna black with basal ¾ of scape in inner surface light orange. Pronotum and metanotum with bronze tinge, mesonotum and mesepisternum with blue tinge. Tegula basally brown, distally white. Abdominal terga and sterna black, terga 1–8 and sterna with white distal margins, ventral part of terga laterally with 100 µm wide white stripe, sterna 5–7 with 40–50 µm wide lateral white stripe (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC5FF84FE43FEECFDAFFE94" box="[491,587,267,294]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 6. Megaxyela inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov. (♀, paratype, DEI-GISHym 22356, USNM). A. Habitus, lateral; small insertion: original collection labels. B. Antenna. C. Head, frontal, arrowhead indicating carina along inner orbit. D – E. Metatarsus, lateral / lateroventral view. F – G. Wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042677/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Valvifer 2 red brown, valvula 3 black except for narrow brown tip, membrane between valvifer 2 and valvula 3 white (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC5FF84FC9DFED6FC40FEF9" box="[821,932,305,331]" captionStart="Fig. 11" captionStartId="36.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[189,1399,265,1749]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 11. Species of Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898, ovipositor sheaths. A. M. euchroma Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov. (holotype, DEI-GISHym 22554, CSCS). B. M. fulvago Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov. (5752, NSMT). C. M. gigantea Mocsáry, 1909, holotype of M. mikado Sato, 1930 (22350, NSMT). D. M. inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov., paratype (22356, USNM). E. M. langstoni Ross, 1936, holotype (30821, INHS). F. M. parki Shinohara, 1992 (18510, NSMT). G. M. pulchra Blank, Shinohara &amp; Sundukov sp. nov., holotype (18501, NSMT). H. M. togashii Shinohara, 1992, holotype (22352, NSMT). Images not to the same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042687/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
). Legs orange, procoxa and mesocoxa basally infuscate, distal 0.20 of metafemur, complete metatibia and metatarsus black. Wing subhyaline, venation and pterostigma black (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC5FF84FD94FE9CFD5FFE24" box="[572,699,379,406]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 6. Megaxyela inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov. (♀, paratype, DEI-GISHym 22356, USNM). A. Habitus, lateral; small insertion: original collection labels. B. Antenna. C. Head, frontal, arrowhead indicating carina along inner orbit. D – E. Metatarsus, lateral / lateroventral view. F – G. Wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042677/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 6F–G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF13667CFFC2FF83FF15F86DFB18F859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042677/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[189,1399,348,1887]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC2FF83FF15F86DFB18F859" blockId="19.[189,1399,1930,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC2FF83FF15F86DFEE8F816" bold="true" box="[189,268,1930,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC2FF83FEBDF86DFD11F816" authority="Blank &amp; D.R. Smith" authorityName="Stephan M. Blank &amp; Katja Kramp &amp; David R. Smith &amp; Yuri N. Sundukov &amp; Meicai Wei &amp; Akihiko Shinohara" authorityYear="2017" box="[277,757,1930,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inversa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC2FF83FEBDF86DFE11F816" box="[277,501,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Megaxyela inversa</emphasis>
Blank &amp; D.R. Smith
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B579DFFC2FF83FD56F86CFCBEF817" box="[766,858,1931,1957]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(♀, paratype, DEI-GISHym 22356, USNM). 
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC2FF83FF15F84AFF36F875" bold="true" box="[189,210,1965,1991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
. Habitus, lateral; small insertion: original collection labels. 
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC2FF83FC3FF849FC4FF87A" bold="true" box="[919,939,1966,1992]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
. Antenna. 
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC2FF83FB83F84AFBA4F875" bold="true" box="[1067,1088,1965,1991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
. Head, frontal, arrowhead indicating carina along inner orbit. 
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC2FF83FDF3F836FD76F859" bold="true" box="[603,658,2001,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D–E</emphasis>
. Metatarsus, lateral/lateroventral view. 
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC2FF83FBCBF837FB7EF858" bold="true" box="[1123,1178,2000,2026]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">F–G</emphasis>
. Wings.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC5FF84FF15FE27FDF8FB77" blockId="20.[189,1399,447,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
MORPHOLOGY. Body 
<quantity id="4C949B11FFC5FF84FE01FE58FDF0FE68" box="[425,532,447,474]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="10.2">10.2 mm</quantity>
, fore wing 
<quantity id="4C949B11FFC5FF84FD3DFE58FD18FE68" box="[661,764,447,474]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="11.2">11.2 mm</quantity>
long. POL: OOL: OCL = 1.0: 1.3: 1.5. Interantennal distance 1.3 × as wide as distance between torulus and eye margin, malar space 0.4 × as wide as interantennal distance. Eye 1.5 × as long as wide, frons at dorsal edge of antennal toruli 1.4 × as wide as maximum diameter of eye. Synantennomere 3 
<quantity id="4C949B11FFC5FF84FCB9FDC8FC94FDF8" box="[785,880,559,586]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
, filament 
<quantity id="4C949B11FFC5FF84FC4FFDC8FBA2FDF8" box="[999,1094,559,586]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
, with 9 articles. Article 3 of maxillary palp 0.4 μm. Ovipositor sheath 
<quantity id="4C949B11FFC5FF84FD61FDB2FCC3FDDD" box="[713,807,597,624]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
, 3.8 × as long as metatarsomere 1, valvula 3 1.3 × as long as valvifer 2, valvula 3 3.3 × as long as wide. On hind leg, femur 
<quantity id="4C949B11FFC5FF84FB8BFD9DFB65FD27" box="[1059,1153,634,661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
, tibia 
<quantity id="4C949B11FFC5FF84FB60FD9DFAC2FD27" box="[1224,1318,634,661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
, tarsus 
<quantity id="4C949B11FFC5FF84FF15FD78FEF9FD08" box="[189,285,671,698]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
, tarsomere 1 5.8 × as long as wide, longer distal spur of tibia 0.3 × as long as tarsomere 1, claws cleft, subapical tooth of claw little smaller at base than apical tooth. Head dull, lateral part of frons rugose, medial part minutely areolate with some 50 µm large pits, vertex and postocellar area mostly minutely areolate to rugulose, gena rugulose (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC5FF84FCCEFCF7FC2FFC99" box="[870,971,784,811]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 6. Megaxyela inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov. (♀, paratype, DEI-GISHym 22356, USNM). A. Habitus, lateral; small insertion: original collection labels. B. Antenna. C. Head, frontal, arrowhead indicating carina along inner orbit. D – E. Metatarsus, lateral / lateroventral view. F – G. Wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042677/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum homogeneously minutely areolate. Mesepisternum medially coriarious and shining, with 20 µm large pits. Metatarsomere 1 dorsally and laterally almost glabrous, ventrally densely setose, setae 70–100 µm long (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC5FF84FEAAFC67FE84FC29" box="[258,352,896,923]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 6. Megaxyela inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov. (♀, paratype, DEI-GISHym 22356, USNM). A. Habitus, lateral; small insertion: original collection labels. B. Antenna. C. Head, frontal, arrowhead indicating carina along inner orbit. D – E. Metatarsus, lateral / lateroventral view. F – G. Wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042677/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Pulvilli present on metatarsomeres 1–4, on article 1 pulvillus 150 µm long, on article 4 230 µm (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC5FF84FE81FC42FE60FC72" box="[297,388,933,960]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 6. Megaxyela inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov. (♀, paratype, DEI-GISHym 22356, USNM). A. Habitus, lateral; small insertion: original collection labels. B. Antenna. C. Head, frontal, arrowhead indicating carina along inner orbit. D – E. Metatarsus, lateral / lateroventral view. F – G. Wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042677/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
). Basal and medial sections of valvula 3 of ovipositor sheath straight dorsally, convex ventrally, preapical section almost straight on dorsal and ventral edge, with dense pattern of up to 200 μm long setae (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC5FF84FEDAFC17FE30FBB8" box="[370,468,1008,1034]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1399,348,1887]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 6. Megaxyela inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov. (♀, paratype, DEI-GISHym 22356, USNM). A. Habitus, lateral; small insertion: original collection labels. B. Antenna. C. Head, frontal, arrowhead indicating carina along inner orbit. D – E. Metatarsus, lateral / lateroventral view. F – G. Wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042677/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 6A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC5FF84FE48FC17FDF1FBB8" box="[480,533,1008,1034]" captionStart="Fig. 11" captionStartId="36.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[189,1399,265,1749]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 11. Species of Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898, ovipositor sheaths. A. M. euchroma Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov. (holotype, DEI-GISHym 22554, CSCS). B. M. fulvago Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov. (5752, NSMT). C. M. gigantea Mocsáry, 1909, holotype of M. mikado Sato, 1930 (22350, NSMT). D. M. inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov., paratype (22356, USNM). E. M. langstoni Ross, 1936, holotype (30821, INHS). F. M. parki Shinohara, 1992 (18510, NSMT). G. M. pulchra Blank, Shinohara &amp; Sundukov sp. nov., holotype (18501, NSMT). H. M. togashii Shinohara, 1992, holotype (22352, NSMT). Images not to the same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042687/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">11D</figureCitation>
). Ovipositor 
<quantity id="4C949B11FFC5FF84FD18FC17FCEEFBB9" box="[688,778,1008,1035]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
long, weakly curved dorsally, without bulbous areas in middle, without ctenidia (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC5FF84FDBFFBF2FD6CFB82" box="[535,648,1045,1072]" captionStart="Fig. 12" captionStartId="37.[189,232,1755,1781]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[189,1399,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 12. Species of Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898, ovipositors. A. M. euchroma Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov., paratype, DEI-GISHym 22510 (NSMT). B – C. M. fulvago Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov., paratype (5752, NSMT). C. Complete valvula 2 (incident light) and tip of valvula 2 (insert, transmitted light). D. M. inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov., paratype (22356, USNM). E. M. gigantea Mocsáry, 1909, holotype of M. mikado Sato, 1930 (22350, NSMT). F. M. parki Shinohara, 1992, paratype (18510, NSMT). G. M. pulchra Blank, Shinohara &amp; Sundukov sp. nov., paratype (22348, NSMT). H. M. togashii Shinohara, 1992 (22353, NSMT). The images in B and H have been flipped horizontally." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042689/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
). Valvula 
<quantity id="4C949B11FFC5FF84FCACFBF1FCD0FB9D" box="[772,820,1045,1072]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
distal 0.6 with annuli, basal annuli much more widely spaced then medial and distal annuli, medial annuli very narrowly spaced, subparallel, straight, vertical, ventral edge in distal 0.2 bearing small serrulae. Valvula 
<quantity id="4C949B11FFC5FF84FC73FB87FBEFFBC8" box="[987,1035,1120,1146]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
distal 0.3 with widely spaced annuli, annuli not extending to ventral edge of valvula, distal 0.3 of dorsal edge of valvula 1 with partly prominent, rounded denticles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC5FF84FF42FB08FECEFABB" blockId="20.[189,313,1263,1326]" box="[234,298,1263,1289]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC5FF84FF42FB08FECEFABB" bold="true" box="[234,298,1263,1289]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC5FF84FF42FB08FECEFABB" bold="true" box="[234,298,1263,1289]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Male</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC5FF84FF15FAF3FEDDFA9C" blockId="20.[189,313,1263,1326]" box="[189,313,1300,1326]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFC5FF84FF15FABFFC9CF859" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC5FF84FF15FABFFECBFAC0" blockId="20.[189,303,1368,1394]" box="[189,303,1368,1394]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC5FF84FF15FABFFECBFAC0" bold="true" box="[189,303,1368,1394]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC5FF84FF15FABFFECBFAC0" bold="true" box="[189,303,1368,1394]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC5FF84FF15FA6EFC92F9EC" blockId="20.[189,1399,1417,1630]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
The ovipositor is curved dorsally in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC5FF84FDF2FA6EFCD2FA10" authority="Stephan M. Blank &amp; Katja Kramp &amp; David R. Smith &amp; Yuri N. Sundukov &amp; Meicai Wei &amp; Akihiko Shinohara, 2017" authorityName="Stephan M. Blank &amp; Katja Kramp &amp; David R. Smith &amp; Yuri N. Sundukov &amp; Meicai Wei &amp; Akihiko Shinohara" authorityYear="2017" box="[602,822,1417,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inversa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC5FF84FDF2FA6EFCD2FA10" box="[602,822,1417,1443]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megaxyela inversa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B579DFFC5FF84FC94FA6EFC71FA11" box="[828,917,1417,1443]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC5FF84FC0AFA6EFBE8FA11" box="[930,1036,1417,1443]" captionStart="Fig. 12" captionStartId="37.[189,232,1755,1781]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[189,1399,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 12. Species of Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898, ovipositors. A. M. euchroma Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov., paratype, DEI-GISHym 22510 (NSMT). B – C. M. fulvago Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov., paratype (5752, NSMT). C. Complete valvula 2 (incident light) and tip of valvula 2 (insert, transmitted light). D. M. inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov., paratype (22356, USNM). E. M. gigantea Mocsáry, 1909, holotype of M. mikado Sato, 1930 (22350, NSMT). F. M. parki Shinohara, 1992, paratype (18510, NSMT). G. M. pulchra Blank, Shinohara &amp; Sundukov sp. nov., paratype (22348, NSMT). H. M. togashii Shinohara, 1992 (22353, NSMT). The images in B and H have been flipped horizontally." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042689/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
), which is an unusual condition in sawflies and unique in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC5FF84FE5EFA49FD42FA7A" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1898" box="[502,678,1454,1480]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Macroxyelinae">Macroxyelinae</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC5FF84FD11FA49FC76FA7B" box="[697,914,1454,1481]" captionStart="Fig. 12" captionStartId="37.[189,232,1755,1781]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[189,1399,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 12. Species of Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898, ovipositors. A. M. euchroma Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov., paratype, DEI-GISHym 22510 (NSMT). B – C. M. fulvago Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov., paratype (5752, NSMT). C. Complete valvula 2 (incident light) and tip of valvula 2 (insert, transmitted light). D. M. inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov., paratype (22356, USNM). E. M. gigantea Mocsáry, 1909, holotype of M. mikado Sato, 1930 (22350, NSMT). F. M. parki Shinohara, 1992, paratype (18510, NSMT). G. M. pulchra Blank, Shinohara &amp; Sundukov sp. nov., paratype (22348, NSMT). H. M. togashii Shinohara, 1992 (22353, NSMT). The images in B and H have been flipped horizontally." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042689/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12A–B, E–H</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC5FF84FC09FA49FB46FA7A" author="Smith D. R. &amp; Schiff N. M." box="[929,1186,1454,1480]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="636 - 657" part="100" refString="Smith D. R. &amp; Schiff N. M. 1998. The genera Macroxyela Kirby and Megaxyela Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 636 - 657." title="The genera Macroxyela Kirby and Megaxyela Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) in North America" type="journal article" year="1998">Smith &amp; Schiff 1998</bibRefCitation>
: figs 16–21). The predominant number of sawflies and woodwasps have the ovipositor curved ventrally or the ovipositor is straight (see, e.g., figures in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC5FF84FDB1FA1EFCAEF9A1" author="Weltz C. - E. &amp; Vilhelmsen L." box="[537,842,1529,1555]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="133 - 183" part="48" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.791941" refString="Weltz C. - E. &amp; Vilhelmsen L. 2014. The saws of sawflies: exploring the morphology of the ovipositor in Tenthredinoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with emphasis on Nematinae. Journal of Natural History 48: 133 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2013.791941" title="The saws of sawflies: exploring the morphology of the ovipositor in Tenthredinoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with emphasis on Nematinae" type="journal article" year="2014">Weltz &amp; Vilhelmsen 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Among 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC5FF84FC10FA1EFBC1F9A1" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[952,1061,1529,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xyelidae</taxonomicName>
, the sheath is curved dorsally to a various degree in species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC5FF84FDF8F9F9FC9BF98A" authority="Konow, 1897" authorityName="Konow" authorityYear="1897" box="[592,895,1566,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Pleroneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC5FF84FDF8F9F9FD31F98A" box="[592,725,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pleroneura</emphasis>
Konow, 1897
</taxonomicName>
(e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC5FF84FC67F9F9FB40F98A" author="Smith D. R. &amp; Ohmart C. P. &amp; Dahlsten D. L." box="[975,1188,1566,1592]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="761 - 767" part="70" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/70.5.761" refString="Smith D. R., Ohmart C. P. &amp; Dahlsten D. L. 1977. The fir shoot-boring sawflies of the genus Pleroneura in North America (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 70: 761 - 767. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 70.5.761" title="The fir shoot-boring sawflies of the genus Pleroneura in North America (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae)" type="journal article" year="1977">
Smith 
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC5FF84FBB7F9F8FBB9F98A" box="[1055,1117,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
1977
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC5FF84FB1BF9F9FA95F98B" author="Shinohara A." box="[1203,1393,1566,1593]" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Entomology" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="825 - 840" part="63" refString="Shinohara A. 1995. The sawfly genus Pleroneura (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) in East Asia. Japanese Journal of Entomology 63: 825 - 840." title="The sawfly genus Pleroneura (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) in East Asia" type="journal article" year="1995">Shinohara 1995</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC5FF84FF15F9A4FF1DF9EC" author="Shinohara A." box="[189,249,1603,1630]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="495 - 500" part="4121" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4121.4.9" refString="Shinohara A. 2016. The sawfly genus Pleroneura (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) of Japan: P. itoi n. sp. and a key to species. Zootaxa 4121: 495 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4121.4.9" title="The sawfly genus Pleroneura (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) of Japan: P. itoi n. sp. and a key to species" type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
) and in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC5FF84FEF1F9A3FC96F9EC" authority="Burdick, 1961" authorityName="Burdick" authorityYear="1961" box="[345,882,1603,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concava">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC5FF84FEF1F9A3FDE1F9EF" box="[345,517,1604,1630]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Xyela concava</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC5FF84FDA4F9A3FD50F9EF" author="Burdick D. J." box="[524,692,1603,1630]" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications in Entomology" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="285 - 355" part="17" refString="Burdick D. J. 1961. A taxonomic and biological study of the genus Xyela Dalman in North America. University of California Publications in Entomology 17: 285 - 355." title="A taxonomic and biological study of the genus Xyela Dalman in North America" type="journal article" year="1961">Burdick, 1961</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC5FF84FD6BF9A3FC8EF9EC" author="Burdick D. J." box="[707,874,1603,1630]" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications in Entomology" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="285 - 355" part="17" refString="Burdick D. J. 1961. A taxonomic and biological study of the genus Xyela Dalman in North America. University of California Publications in Entomology 17: 285 - 355." title="A taxonomic and biological study of the genus Xyela Dalman in North America" type="journal article" year="1961">Burdick 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC5FF84FF15F960FC1DF8EE" blockId="20.[189,1399,1671,1884]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Among Nearctic 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC5FF84FE2EF960FDE3F913" authorityName="Ashmead in Dyar" authorityYear="1898" box="[390,519,1671,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC5FF84FE2EF960FDE3F913" box="[390,519,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megaxyela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
this species is most similar to 
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC5FF84FCC2F96FFBF0F913" box="[874,1044,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. bicoloripes</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC5FF84FBE4F96FFB29F913" baseAuthorityName="Smith &amp; Schiff" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1100,1229,1671,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC5FF84FBE4F96FFB29F913" box="[1100,1229,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. tricolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the slender metatarsus and the red brown metafemur bearing an extensively infuscate apex. It is readily distinguished from all other 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC5FF84FEC0F935FE0DF95E" authorityName="Ashmead in Dyar" authorityYear="1898" box="[360,489,1746,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC5FF84FEC0F935FE0DF95E" box="[360,489,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megaxyela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by the outline of the basal and medial portion of valvula 3, which in lateral view is straight dorsally and evenly curved ventrally. The remaining 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC5FF84FBFDF910FB32F8A3" authorityName="Ashmead in Dyar" authorityYear="1898" box="[1109,1238,1783,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC5FF84FBFDF910FB32F8A3" box="[1109,1238,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megaxyela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have either both the dorsal and the ventral outlines of valvula 3 curved, or the dorsal outline is curved and the ventral straight (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC5FF84FED6F8A5FD89F8EE" box="[382,621,1858,1884]" captionStart="Fig. 11" captionStartId="36.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[189,1399,265,1749]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 11. Species of Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898, ovipositor sheaths. A. M. euchroma Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov. (holotype, DEI-GISHym 22554, CSCS). B. M. fulvago Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov. (5752, NSMT). C. M. gigantea Mocsáry, 1909, holotype of M. mikado Sato, 1930 (22350, NSMT). D. M. inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov., paratype (22356, USNM). E. M. langstoni Ross, 1936, holotype (30821, INHS). F. M. parki Shinohara, 1992 (18510, NSMT). G. M. pulchra Blank, Shinohara &amp; Sundukov sp. nov., holotype (18501, NSMT). H. M. togashii Shinohara, 1992, holotype (22352, NSMT). Images not to the same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042687/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 11A–C, 11E–H</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC5FF84FDD0F8A5FC96F8EE" author="Smith D. R. &amp; Schiff N. M." box="[632,882,1858,1884]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="636 - 657" part="100" refString="Smith D. R. &amp; Schiff N. M. 1998. The genera Macroxyela Kirby and Megaxyela Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 636 - 657." title="The genera Macroxyela Kirby and Megaxyela Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) in North America" type="journal article" year="1998">Smith &amp; Schiff 1998</bibRefCitation>
: figs 7–11).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC5FF84FF15F861FC9CF859" blockId="20.[189,1399,1926,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
The 
<typeStatus id="54D78856FFC5FF84FF5CF861FEBDF812" box="[244,345,1926,1952]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
is presumably from North America because of its discovery in a 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7664FFC5FF84FBDAF861FB73F812" box="[1138,1175,1926,1952]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">US</collectingCountry>
collection and the 
<typeStatus id="54D78856FFC5FF84FF15F84CFEC0F877" box="[189,292,1963,1989]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is from 
<collectingRegion id="49A8F816FFC5FF84FE2BF84BFDC1F877" box="[387,549,1963,1990]" country="United States of America" name="West Virginia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">West Virginia</collectingRegion>
. Morphometry and figures are from the 
<typeStatus id="54D78856FFC5FF84FC5BF84BFBBCF874" box="[1011,1112,1964,1990]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
since the specimen used as 
<typeStatus id="54D78856FFC5FF84FF75F836FEA0F859" box="[221,324,2001,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was discovered too late to include in this paper.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>