255 lines
32 KiB
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255 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="B196FD5144136A0765D30DAD0C249030" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d55e95d1-8a9a-45b1-9eac-ca3365301053" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="165871" ID-ZooBank="6AE6BFFF-C89E-4BBA-A2BE-CE648ECBD4D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1478761837357" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Evenhuis, Neal L." docDate="2016" docId="03C587D8FF8FFFBD5EBDF627E1E600BD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4189.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4189 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Strongylophthalmyia" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="207" masterDocId="FFFCFFA0FF8AFFBB5E2AF31BE47D032C" masterDocTitle="World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup" masterLastPageNumber="243" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="206" updateTime="1698392934373" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="108137198B2F41AFD35CCF0CDC4898CE">World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B16CF7BB532ED7CF2C9FA977CD6B799F">Evenhuis, Neal L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="12AFF69077CC298D0B71D7F30C011CF7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BFDB7E0CA012D953805731EC840D2A4A">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="61458F8304BEDB70EDACD8DB03784F59">4189</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F20B1608DC45759BE6C368C659EEEC83">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03C587D8FF8FFFBD5EBDF627E1E600BD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6070366" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124995179" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6070366" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587D8FF8FFFBD5EBDF627E1E600BD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF8FFFBD5EBDF627E1E600BD" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
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<subSection id="E2E32F25FF8FFFBD5EBDF627E772026C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" type="multiple">
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<subSubSection id="C3766545FF8FFFBE5EBDF627E606067A" box="[151,635,1340,1366]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8FFFBE5EBDF627E606067A" blockId="5.[151,635,1340,1366]" box="[151,635,1340,1366]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
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<heading id="D09B81A2FF8FFFBE5EBDF627E606067A" bold="true" box="[151,635,1340,1366]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5EBDF627E606067A" bold="true" box="[151,635,1340,1366]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
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Species Groups in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5F54F627E606067A" ID-CoL="9CJWL" box="[382,635,1340,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5F54F627E606067A" bold="true" box="[382,635,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Strongylophthalmyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3766545FF8FFFBD5EBDF699E772026C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8FFFBE5EBDF699E63E042E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1410,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF8FFFBE5EBDF699E52F06B7" author="Shatalkin" box="[151,338,1410,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" refString="Shatalkin, A. I. (1996) New and little known species of flies of Lauxaniidae and Strongylophthalmyiidae (Diptera). Russian Entomological Journal, 4 [1995], 145 - 157." type="journal article" year="1996">Shatalkin (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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treated species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5CBFF699E70306B7" box="[661,894,1410,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5CBFF699E70306B7" box="[661,894,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Strongylophthalmyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in two named groups based on characters found in males: (1) species possessing a dorsal antennal process (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5D1AF6BCE7EF0692" box="[816,914,1447,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5D1AF6BCE7EF0692" box="[816,914,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">punctata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group) and (2) species that possess long, thin, curled extensions of the apex of the surstylus (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5CE4F6D7E76406CF" box="[718,793,1484,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinita">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5CE4F6D7E76406CF" box="[718,793,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">crinita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group). The remaining species (the majority of those described at that time) were left as unplaced by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF8FFFBE5C98F6F5E70C052B" author="Shatalkin" box="[690,881,1518,1543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" refString="Shatalkin, A. I. (1996) New and little known species of flies of Lauxaniidae and Strongylophthalmyiidae (Diptera). Russian Entomological Journal, 4 [1995], 145 - 157." type="journal article" year="1996">Shatalkin (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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. He contended that his two named groups are not monophyletic, which is confirmed in this study following the examination more than 3,000 specimens.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF8FFFBE5B7AF509E49C0563" author="Barber" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" refString="Barber, K. N. (2006) Strongylophthalmyia pengellyi n. sp., a second species of Nearctic Strongylophthalmyiidae (Diptera). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 137, 81 - 109." type="journal article" year="2006">Barber (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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briefly discussed the relationships of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5CB6F52DE7F80563" box="[668,901,1590,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5CB6F52DE7F80563" box="[668,901,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Strongylophthalmyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species noting Shatalkin’s (1996) two species groups and mentioning the possibility of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5C42F540E6A3055F" box="[616,734,1626,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" genus="Chyliza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5C42F540E6A3055F" box="[616,734,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. ustulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5CC7F540E71C055F" box="[749,865,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5CC7F540E71C055F" box="[749,865,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. pictipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5D5AF540E792055F" box="[880,1007,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5D5AF540E792055F" box="[880,1007,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. japonica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5DD7F540E0CB055F" box="[1021,1206,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustipennis">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5DD7F540E0CB055F" box="[1021,1206,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. angustipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5AEEF540E135055F" box="[1220,1352,1626,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pengellyi">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5AEEF540E135055F" box="[1220,1352,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. pengellyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5BADF540E57105BB" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caliginosa">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5BADF540E57105BB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. caliginosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as belonging to a monophyletic group based on the shared synapomorphy of a haired arista. Many other characters exist that could also group taxa together such as fore femoral spines (the
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5A70F5BFE0C10597" box="[1114,1212,1700,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5A70F5BFE0C10597" box="[1114,1212,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">punctata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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subgroup reviewed here), modified palpi, and small basomesal processes on the hind femur [see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF8FFFBE5A17F5DCE11305F3" author="Iwasa" box="[1085,1390,1734,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" refString="Iwasa, M. & Evenhuis, N. L. (2014) The Strongylophthalmyiidae (Diptera) from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of five new species. Entomological Science, 17, 96 - 105. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / ens. 12033" type="journal article" year="2014">Iwasa & Evenhuis (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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for examples of some of these processes].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8FFFBD5EEDF414E772026C" blockId="5.[151,1436,1410,2011]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
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In virtually all species of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5C1BF415E7F4040A" box="[561,905,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5C1BF415E7F4040A" box="[561,905,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Strongylophthalmyia punctata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group, the male flagellomere is enlarged or modified from the normal oval shape (e.g.,
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<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8FFFBE5CAAF429E6A90467" box="[640,724,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 33" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[245,1337,193,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[245,1337,193,1865]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 33. Male Strongylophthalmyia, antennae. 26. S. laosensis, n. sp., arrow points to short dorsal antennal process; 27. S. lowi, n. sp.; 28. S. malayensis, n. sp.; 29. S. microstyla Shatalkin, arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 30. S. nigricornis Frey; 31. S. nigripalpis, n. sp., arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 32. S. palpalis Papp, photo: courtesy HNHM, arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 33. S. pappi, n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165877/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
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). The segment varies considerably among species, from having a long and distinct dorsal process that appears to be multi-segmented (cf.
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<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8FFFBE5DFAF44DE05C0443" box="[976,1057,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 25" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1362,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[226,1363,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 25. Male Strongylophthalmyia, antennae. 18. S. borneensis, n. sp.; 19. S. caestus, n. sp.; 20. S. darlingi, n. sp. 21. S. federeri, n. sp.; 22. S. hauseri, n. sp.; 23. S. immaculata Hennig, arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 24. S. indochinensis, n. sp., arrow points to short dorsal antennal process; 25. S. inundans, n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268055/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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) to having no distinct process but instead having a small bump or point on the flagellomere (cf.
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<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8FFFBE5D7AF461E7DE04BF" box="[848,931,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 33" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[245,1337,193,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[245,1337,193,1865]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 33. Male Strongylophthalmyia, antennae. 26. S. laosensis, n. sp., arrow points to short dorsal antennal process; 27. S. lowi, n. sp.; 28. S. malayensis, n. sp.; 29. S. microstyla Shatalkin, arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 30. S. nigricornis Frey; 31. S. nigripalpis, n. sp., arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 32. S. palpalis Papp, photo: courtesy HNHM, arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 33. S. pappi, n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165877/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
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). The term “
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5A1BF467E0EE04BF" box="[1073,1171,1916,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5A1BF467E0EE04BF" box="[1073,1171,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">punctata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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subgroup” is used here as a convenient name for tentatively grouping species within the genus but, until a rigorous phylogenetic analysis can be performed on all species of the genus (beyond the scope of this study), the monophyly of the groupings proposed here cannot be guaranteed. The groups keyed out below are preliminary pending further analyses. They are not necessarily indicative of phylogenetic relationships but are grouped morphologically for ease in dividing an otherwise cumbersome group (e.g., although they have bands in the wings,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8CFFBD5DC7F3FBE09103D4" authority="Shatalkin" authorityName="Shatalkin" box="[1005,1260,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freidbergi">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8CFFBD5DC7F3FBE00503D4" box="[1005,1144,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">S. freidbergi</emphasis>
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Shatalkin
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8CFFBD5AD2F3FBE55C0231" authority="Iwasa & Evenhuis" authorityName="Iwasa & Evenhuis" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solita">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8CFFBD5AD2F3FBE12F03D4" box="[1272,1362,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">S. solita</emphasis>
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Iwasa & Evenhuis
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8CFFBD5F4AF21EE6B50231" authority="Iwasa & Evenhuis" authorityName="Iwasa & Evenhuis" box="[352,712,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shatalkini">
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8CFFBD5F4AF21EE5900231" box="[352,493,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">S. shatalkini</emphasis>
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Iwasa & Evenhuis
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</taxonomicName>
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have a dorsal antennal process too and could therefore fit into either the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8CFFBD5F2DF233E5F8026C" box="[263,389,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8CFFBD5F2DF233E5F8026C" box="[263,389,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">S. punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group or the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8CFFBD5C36F233E6CB026C" box="[540,694,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8CFFBD5C36F233E6CB026C" box="[540,694,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">S. fascipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2E32F25FF8CFFBD5EBDF28FE1E600BD" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3766545FF8CFFBD5EBDF28FE1E600BD" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8CFFBD5EBDF28FE7170282" blockId="6.[151,874,404,463]" box="[151,874,404,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<heading id="D09B81A2FF8CFFBD5EBDF28FE7170282" bold="true" box="[151,874,404,430]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8CFFBD5EBDF28FE7170282" bold="true" box="[151,874,404,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
Preliminary key to species groups in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8CFFBD5C48F28FE7170282" ID-CoL="9CJWL" box="[610,874,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Strongylophthalmyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8CFFBD5EBDF2ADE52802E3" blockId="6.[151,874,404,463]" box="[151,341,438,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">(based on males)</paragraph>
|
||
<key id="FFFD61FFFF8CFFBD5EBDF2E5E1E600BD" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<keyStep id="30982E6BFF8CFFBD5EBDF2E5E1E60147" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8CFFBD5EBDF2E5E1E1011C" blockId="6.[151,1436,510,913]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<keyLead id="309D95FBFF8CFFBD5EBDF2E5E1E1011C" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
1. Antennal flagellomere modified with dorsal process of varying lengths (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8CFFBD5DB3F2E5E073013F" box="[921,1038,510,531]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 25" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1362,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[226,1363,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 25. Male Strongylophthalmyia, antennae. 18. S. borneensis, n. sp.; 19. S. caestus, n. sp.; 20. S. darlingi, n. sp. 21. S. federeri, n. sp.; 22. S. hauseri, n. sp.; 23. S. immaculata Hennig, arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 24. S. indochinensis, n. sp., arrow points to short dorsal antennal process; 25. S. inundans, n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268055/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Figs. 18–20</figureCitation>
|
||
), often combined with modified shape of flagellomere (if process indistinct, then fore femur with short black thorn-like spicules dorsally)... (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8CFFBD5AEAF100E151011D" box="[1216,1324,539,561]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8CFFBD5AEAF100E151011D" box="[1216,1324,539,561]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">S. punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group) ... 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8CFFBD5EBDF122E1E60147" blockId="6.[151,1436,510,913]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<keyLead id="309D95FBFF8CFFBD5EBDF122E1E60147" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
-. Antennal flagellomere unmodified, without dorsal process (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8CFFBD5D14F122E7F80162" box="[830,901,569,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 33" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[245,1337,193,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[245,1337,193,1865]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 33. Male Strongylophthalmyia, antennae. 26. S. laosensis, n. sp., arrow points to short dorsal antennal process; 27. S. lowi, n. sp.; 28. S. malayensis, n. sp.; 29. S. microstyla Shatalkin, arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 30. S. nigricornis Frey; 31. S. nigripalpis, n. sp., arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 32. S. palpalis Papp, photo: courtesy HNHM, arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 33. S. pappi, n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165877/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
); fore femur without dorsal spicules although stiff hairs may be present........................................................................................ 3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30982E6BFF8CFFBD5EBDF16FE1E1018A" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8CFFBD5EBDF16FE1E101A5" blockId="6.[151,1436,510,913]" box="[151,1436,627,649]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<keyLead id="309D95FBFF8CFFBD5EBDF16FE1E101A5" box="[151,1436,627,649]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
2. Fore femur with thorn-like spicules dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8CFFBD5CBEF16FE77501A5" box="[660,776,628,649]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 62 – 69" captionStart-1="FIGURES 70 – 77" captionStartId-0="21.[151,264,1145,1168]" captionStartId-1="26.[151,264,1127,1150]" captionTargetBox-0="[230,1363,193,1123]" captionTargetBox-1="[209,1342,193,1100]" captionTargetId-0="figure@21.[230,1364,193,1124]" captionTargetId-1="figure@26.[209,1343,193,1101]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="26" captionText-0="FIGURES 62 – 69. Male Strongylophthalmyia, fore femur, left lateral view. 62. S. albisternum, n. sp.; 63. S. borneensis, n. sp.; 64. S. hauseri, n. sp.; 65. S. immaculata Hennig, arrow points to tight thorn-like cluster of setae; 66. S. indochinensis, n. sp.; 67. S. inundans, n. sp.; 68. S. lowi, n. sp., arrow points to ventral cluster of setae; 69. S. malayensis, n. sp., arrow points to tight thorn-like cluster of setae." captionText-1="FIGURES 70 – 77. Male Strongylophthalmyia, fore femur, left lateral view. 70. S. microstyla Shatalkin,, arrow points ventral thorn-like seta; 71. S. nigripalpis, n. sp., arrow points to tight thorn-like cluster of setae; 72. S. palpalis Papp, holotype, photo: courtesy HNHM, arrow points to tight thorn-like cluster of setae; 73. S. pappi, n. sp.; 74. S. punctata Hennig, holotype; 75. S. spinosa Frey, holotype, photo: courtesy MZH; 76. S. thaii Papp; 77. S. thailandica, n. sp." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/268056/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/165885/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Figs. 62–77</figureCitation>
|
||
)....................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8CFFBD5AFBF168E14001A5" box="[1233,1341,627,649]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8CFFBD5AFBF168E14001A5" box="[1233,1341,627,649]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">S. punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8CFFBD5EBDF18AE1E1018A" blockId="6.[151,1436,510,913]" box="[151,1436,656,678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<keyLead id="309D95FBFF8CFFBD5EBDF18AE1E1018A" box="[151,1436,656,678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
-. Fore femur without thorn-like spicules dorsally.............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8CFFBD5AE3F18BE141018A" box="[1225,1340,656,678]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coarctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8CFFBD5AE3F18BE141018A" box="[1225,1340,656,678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">S. coarctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30982E6BFF8CFFBD5EBDF1B5E1E601CD" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8CFFBD5EBDF1B5E1E101EF" blockId="6.[151,1436,510,913]" box="[151,1436,686,708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<keyLead id="309D95FBFF8CFFBD5EBDF1B5E1E101EF" box="[151,1436,686,708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
3. Surstylus extended into curled band-like processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8CFFBD5CF9F1B5E76401EF" box="[723,793,686,707]" captionStart="FIGURES 82 – 86" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1941,1964]" captionTargetBox="[162,1417,206,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 82 – 86. Strongylophthalmyia structures (redrawn from Shatalkin, 1993). 82 – 83. S. raricornis Shatalkin, antenna, left lateral view; 82. male; 83. female; 84 – 85. Male palpus, left lateral view; 84. S. raricornis Shatalkin; 85. S. stackelbergi Krivosheina; 86. S. crinita Hennig, male phallic complex, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165887/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
|
||
)........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8CFFBD5B2CF1B5E12301EF" box="[1286,1374,686,708]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8CFFBD5B2CF1B5E12301EF" box="[1286,1374,686,708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">S. crinita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8CFFBD5EBDF1D7E1E601CD" blockId="6.[151,1436,510,913]" box="[151,1435,716,737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<keyLead id="309D95FBFF8CFFBD5EBDF1D7E1E601CD" box="[151,1435,716,737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">-. Surstylus without such modifications...................................................................... 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30982E6BFF8CFFBD5EBDF1F2E1E6007A" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8CFFBD5EBDF1F2E1E10037" blockId="6.[151,1436,510,913]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<keyLead id="309D95FBFF8CFFBD5EBDF1F2E1E10037" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
4. Arista micro-pubescent; mesonotum often with dense hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8CFFBD5D03F1F2E70C01D2" box="[809,881,745,766]" captionStart="FIGURES 97 – 102" captionStartId="31.[151,263,1392,1415]" captionTargetBox="[224,1357,189,1374]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[224,1358,189,1374]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 97 – 102. Strongylophthalmyia live habitus. 97. S. ustulata (Zetterstedt) male, Russia, showing coarse mesonotal vestiture; photo Dimitry Gavryushin, via Flickr; 98. S. sp., Philippines, female, ovipositing in fallen log; 99. S. angustipennis Melander, Canada, male (top) and female (bottom) in copula; 100. S. sp., Vietnam, female ovipositing in beetle bores; 101. S. angustipennis, male; 102. S. elegantissima, male, Vietnam. Figs. 98 – 102 courtesy Stephen A. Marshall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165890/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
|
||
); single sclerotized spermatheca (primarily north temper- ate species).............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8CFFBD5AD2F01DE1200030" box="[1272,1373,774,796]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" genus="Chyliza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8CFFBD5AD2F01DE1200030" box="[1272,1373,774,796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">S. ustulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8CFFBD5EBDF03FE1E6007A" blockId="6.[151,1436,510,913]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<keyLead id="309D95FBFF8CFFBD5EBDF03FE1E6007A" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">- Arista bare; mesonotal vestiture variable, with hairs dense or scattered; two sclerotized spermathecae (subtropical to tropical species)............................................................................................ 5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30982E6BFF8CFFBD5EBDF045E1E600BD" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8CFFBD5EBDF045E1E1005F" blockId="6.[151,1436,510,913]" box="[151,1436,862,884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<keyLead id="309D95FBFF8CFFBD5EBDF045E1E1005F" box="[151,1436,862,884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
5. Wing with distinct transverse bands of infuscation or with spot at apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8CFFBD5DB8F045E7AA005F" box="[914,983,862,883]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 53" captionStartId="20.[151,264,719,742]" captionTargetBox="[231,1359,193,679]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[231,1365,193,679]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 53. Male Strongylophthalmyia, right wing, dorsal view. 50. S. palpalis Papp, photo: courtesy HNHM, anal lobe folded toward viewer giving false appearance of reduced shape; 51. S. shatalkini Iwasa & Evenhuis; 52. S. spinosa Frey, photo: courtesy MZH, anal lobe folded toward viewer giving false appearance of reduced shape; 53. S. ustulata (Zetterstedt)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165882/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
)...................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8CFFBD5AF0F045E1230058" box="[1242,1374,862,884]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8CFFBD5AF0F045E1230058" box="[1242,1374,862,884]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">S. fascipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8CFFBD5EBDF067E1E600BD" blockId="6.[151,1436,510,913]" box="[151,1435,892,913]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<keyLead id="309D95FBFF8CFFBD5EBDF067E1E600BD" box="[151,1435,892,913]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">-. Wing hyaline, without distinct bands or spots.................................................. Unplaced Species</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |