309 lines
42 KiB
XML
309 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7FD34B1CD750FDF805CC9A595754E802">Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8353C66B2B26F9BF069F5DC6850E86F3">Ivanov, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E7E2B2C9B823DA9C63D92A40E14CF63F">Čerňanský, Andrej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5C94A457A8CBC62FDC3A8D289D41404C">Bonilla-Salomón, Isaac</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F50BC599522BE32B5C4B93FCEE779471">Luján, Àngel Hernández</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2DFCC237746D36DE818161377F032BAC">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="25D4075A377F9C4BB87339F661151445">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FEBE3ABED078B3CDFA6EDA3382C06E51">2020-08-28</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C587C74317FFF1FC70FA684C34FBFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4488231" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177200726" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4488231" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587C74317FFF1FC70FA684C34FBFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587C74317FFF1FC70FA684C34FBFD" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="362" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
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<subSubSection id="C376655A4317FFF7FC70FA684D5CF9DF" box="[972,1296,1523,1550]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD336D14317FFF7FC70FA684D5CF9DF" blockId="19.[972,1296,1523,1550]" box="[972,1296,1523,1550]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
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<heading id="D09B81BD4317FFF7FC70FA684D5CF9DF" box="[972,1296,1523,1550]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" reason="7">
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“
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D524317FFF7FC64FA684C2BF9D9" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[984,1127,1524,1550]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubrinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">COLUBRINAE</taxonomicName>
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” indet.,
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<typeStatus id="54D788734317FFF7FB76FA6F4CB6F9DF" box="[1226,1274,1523,1549]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">type</typeStatus>
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1
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C376655A4317FFF7FB81F98F4CD3F9FF" box="[1085,1183,1554,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD336D14317FFF7FB81F98F4CD3F9FF" blockId="19.[1085,1183,1554,1581]" box="[1085,1183,1554,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="13572A544317FFF7FBFAF98E4CD9F9FF" box="[1094,1173,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1743,1761]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-81@20.[698,1267,779,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 10. — “Colubrinae” indet., type 1 from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1464 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1465 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (F), dorsal (G), ventral (H), cranial (I) and caudal (J) views. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1466 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in left lateral (K) and ventral (L) views. Caudal vertebra Pal. 1966 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in right lateral (M), dorsal (N), ventral (O) and cranial (P) views. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; d, diapophysis; es, epizypapophyseal spine; hae, haemapophysis; hk, haemal keel; lf, lateral foramen; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; p, parapophysis; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pl, pleurapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; prp, prezygapophyseal process; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447585/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C376655A4317FFF7FC91F9D74DE7F941" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD336D14317FFF7FC91F9D74D0CF9B6" blockId="19.[813,1344,1611,1636]" box="[813,1344,1611,1636]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7C11FF4317FFF7FC91F9D74D0CF9B6" box="[813,1344,1611,1636]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D524317FFF7FC91F9D74B36F9B1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[813,890,1611,1635]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sp. 2">
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<emphasis id="B918EAC34317FFF7FC91F9D74B36F9B1" box="[813,890,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">Coluber</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2 –
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACD10C04317FFF7FC70F9D04C90F9B6" author="IVANOV M. & MUSIL R." box="[972,1244,1611,1636]" page="229" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204317FFF7FC70F9D04C90F9B6" author="IVANOV M. & MUSIL R." box="[972,1244,1611,1636]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" pagination="223 - 236" refId="ref24802" refString="IVANOV M. & MUSIL R. 2004. - Preliminary results of investigation of Neogene vertebrates from the Mokra-Quarry site. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae 89: 223 - 236 (in Czech)." type="journal article" year="2004">Ivanov & Musil 2004: 229</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(in part).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD336D14317FFF7FC91F9E74DE7F941" blockId="19.[813,1451,1659,1684]" box="[813,1451,1659,1684]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7C11FF4317FFF7FC91F9E74DE7F941" box="[813,1451,1659,1684]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D524317FFF7FC91F9E74B36F941" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[813,890,1659,1683]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sp.">
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<emphasis id="B918EAC34317FFF7FC91F9E74B36F941" box="[813,890,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">Coluber</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<typeStatus id="54D788734317FFF7FC17F9E04B9AF946" box="[939,982,1660,1684]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">type</typeStatus>
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||
II –
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACD10C04317FFF7FBB6F9E04CB4F941" author="IVANOV M. & MUSIL R. & BRZOBOHATY R." box="[1034,1272,1659,1683]" page="229" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204317FFF7FBB6F9E04CB4F941" author="IVANOV M. & MUSIL R. & BRZOBOHATY R." box="[1034,1272,1659,1683]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" pagination="223 - 239" refId="ref24955" refString="IVANOV M., MUSIL R. & BRZOBOHATY R. 2006. - Terrestrial and Marine Faunas from the Miocene Deposits of the Mokra Plateau (Drahany Upland, Czech Republic) - Impact on Palaeogeography. Beitrage zur Palaontologie 30: 223 - 239." type="journal article" year="2006">
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Ivanov
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<emphasis id="B918EAC34317FFF7FBE8F9E04CC9F941" box="[1108,1157,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">et al.</emphasis>
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2006: 229
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, table 2 (in part).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C376655A4317FFF7FC91F9374BA4F8FF" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD336D14317FFF7FC91F9374BA4F8FF" blockId="19.[813,1457,1707,1837]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
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MATERIAL. —
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<materialsCitation id="3B043C8C4317FFF7FC7BF9374BA4F8FF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027945320" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
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MWQ, early Miocene, Burdigalian, Orleanian,
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<collectionCode id="ED7DAE144317FFF7FC93F95A4B17F90F" box="[815,859,1734,1757]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">MN</collectionCode>
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4: 1/2001 Turtle Joint: 15 trunk vertebrae (Pal. 1464- 1478), 2 caudal vertebrae (Pal. 1479, 1480); 2/2003 Reptile Joint: Six trunk vertebrae (Pal. 1960-1965), 2 caudal vertebrae (Pal. 1966, 1967).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C376655A4317FFF1FC91F8CE4A1FF8DE" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="362" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD336D14317FFF7FC91F8CE4B8FF8B8" blockId="19.[813,1455,1874,2028]" box="[813,963,1874,1900]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD336D14317FFF7FC91F8ED4B94F859" blockId="19.[813,1455,1874,2028]" box="[813,984,1905,1931]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="B918EAC34317FFF7FC91F8ED4B94F859" box="[813,984,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">Trunk vertebrae</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD336D14317FFF7FC91F80D4DE3F839" blockId="19.[813,1455,1874,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
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Preserved fragmentary vertebrae (
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<figureCitation id="13572A544317FFF7FB0CF80D4D4EF879" box="[1200,1282,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1743,1761]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-81@20.[698,1267,779,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 10. — “Colubrinae” indet., type 1 from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1464 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1465 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (F), dorsal (G), ventral (H), cranial (I) and caudal (J) views. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1466 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in left lateral (K) and ventral (L) views. Caudal vertebra Pal. 1966 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in right lateral (M), dorsal (N), ventral (O) and cranial (P) views. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; d, diapophysis; es, epizypapophyseal spine; hae, haemapophysis; hk, haemal keel; lf, lateral foramen; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; p, parapophysis; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pl, pleurapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; prp, prezygapophyseal process; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447585/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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A-L) are rather small with a maximum length of
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<quantity id="4C949B344317FFF7FB1BF82D4D42F81E" box="[1191,1294,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.16" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" unit="mm" value="4.16">4.16 mm</quantity>
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for the largest vertebra and a width of
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||
<quantity id="4C949B344317FFF7FB97F84D4CDEF83E" box="[1067,1170,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" unit="mm" value="2.55">2.55 mm</quantity>
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. In lateral view, the cranial
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF1366594310FFF0FF38F9534AA8F8BB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447585" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4447585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447585/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="361" startId="20.[132,143,1743,1761]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1706]" targetPageId="20">
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<paragraph id="8BD336D14310FFF0FF38F9534AA8F8BB" blockId="20.[132,1457,1742,1897]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">
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||
FIG. 10. — “
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D524310FFF0FF5FF9524908F932" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[227,324,1742,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubrinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Colubrinae</taxonomicName>
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||
” indet., type 1 from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1464 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (
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||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FA83F9534D00F933" bold="true" box="[1343,1356,1743,1761]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">A</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FA24F9534DE9F933" bold="true" box="[1432,1445,1743,1761]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">B</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FF7BF9794899F925" bold="true" box="[199,213,1765,1783]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">C</emphasis>
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||
), cranial (
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||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FE9AF9794978F925" bold="true" box="[294,308,1765,1783]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">D</emphasis>
|
||
) and caudal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FE19F97949FDF925" bold="true" box="[421,433,1765,1783]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">E</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1465 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (
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<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FB96F9794C79F925" bold="true" box="[1066,1077,1765,1783]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">F</emphasis>
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||
), dorsal (
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||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FB3FF9794CDDF925" bold="true" box="[1155,1169,1765,1783]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">G</emphasis>
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||
), ventral (
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||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FB5FF9794CBDF925" bold="true" box="[1251,1265,1765,1783]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">H</emphasis>
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||
), cranial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FAFEF9794D04F925" bold="true" box="[1346,1352,1765,1783]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">I</emphasis>
|
||
) and caudal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FF35F96048DFF8DC" bold="true" box="[137,147,1788,1806]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">J</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1466 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in left lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FCADF9604B52F8DC" bold="true" box="[785,798,1788,1806]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">K</emphasis>
|
||
) and ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FC2DF9604BD0F8DC" bold="true" box="[913,924,1788,1806]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">L</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Caudal vertebra Pal. 1966 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FF7DF88F489EF8F7" bold="true" box="[193,210,1811,1829]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">M</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FE9CF88F4962F8F7" bold="true" box="[288,302,1811,1829]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">N</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FE3CF88E49C3F8F6" bold="true" box="[384,399,1810,1828]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">O</emphasis>
|
||
) and cranial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FDBCF88F4A40F8F7" bold="true" box="[512,524,1811,1829]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">P</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FD72F88F4AA8F8F7" bold="true" box="[718,740,1811,1829]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">cd</emphasis>
|
||
, condyle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FC80F88F4B01F8F7" bold="true" box="[828,845,1811,1829]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">ct</emphasis>
|
||
, cotyle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FC29F88F4BECF8F7" bold="true" box="[917,928,1811,1829]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">d</emphasis>
|
||
, diapophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FBA7F88F4C7CF8F7" bold="true" box="[1051,1072,1811,1829]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">es</emphasis>
|
||
, epizypapophyseal spine;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FAB3F88F4D63F8F7" bold="true" box="[1295,1327,1811,1829]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">hae</emphasis>
|
||
, haemapophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FF1BF8B548F1F8E9" bold="true" box="[167,189,1833,1851]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">hk</emphasis>
|
||
, haemal keel;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FE87F8B5490AF8E9" bold="true" box="[315,326,1833,1851]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">lf</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FE61F8B549BFF8E9" bold="true" box="[477,499,1833,1851]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">na</emphasis>
|
||
, neural arch;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FDD5F8B54A33F8E9" bold="true" box="[617,639,1833,1851]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">nc</emphasis>
|
||
, neural canal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FD42F8B54B5FF8E9" bold="true" box="[766,787,1833,1851]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">ns</emphasis>
|
||
, neural spine;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FC2FF8B54BD2F8E9" bold="true" box="[915,926,1833,1851]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">p</emphasis>
|
||
, parapophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FB94F8B54C07F8E9" bold="true" box="[1064,1099,1833,1851]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">pctf</emphasis>
|
||
, paracotylar foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FAB1F8B54D51F8E9" bold="true" box="[1293,1309,1833,1851]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">pl</emphasis>
|
||
, pleurapophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FF38F8DC48EDF880" bold="true" box="[132,161,1856,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">pof</emphasis>
|
||
, postzygapophyseal articular facet;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FE72F8DC49ABF880" bold="true" box="[462,487,1856,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">prf</emphasis>
|
||
, prezygapophyseal articular facet;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FCB5F8DC4B6BF880" bold="true" box="[777,807,1856,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">prp</emphasis>
|
||
, prezygapophyseal process;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FBA6F8DC4C79F880" bold="true" box="[1050,1077,1856,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">scf</emphasis>
|
||
, subcentral foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FB56F8DC4D46F880" bold="true" box="[1258,1290,1856,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">scg</emphasis>
|
||
, subcentral groove;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FF38F8CB48ECF8BB" bold="true" box="[132,160,1879,1897]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">scr</emphasis>
|
||
, subcentral ridge;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FE80F8CB4903F8BB" bold="true" box="[316,335,1879,1897]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">zy</emphasis>
|
||
, zygosphene;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34310FFF0FE75F8CB49A4F8BB" bold="true" box="[457,488,1879,1897]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">zyg</emphasis>
|
||
, zygantrum. Scale bar: 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D14310FFF0FF38F80D4B4AF83E" blockId="20.[132,776,1937,2028]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">
|
||
margin of the neural spine is inclined anteriorly whereas caudal margin is inclined posteriorly. The neural spine is about twice to three times longer than high (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A544310FFF0FDC4F84D4AB6F83E" box="[632,762,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1743,1761]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-81@20.[698,1267,779,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 10. — “Colubrinae” indet., type 1 from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1464 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1465 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (F), dorsal (G), ventral (H), cranial (I) and caudal (J) views. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1466 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in left lateral (K) and ventral (L) views. Caudal vertebra Pal. 1966 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in right lateral (M), dorsal (N), ventral (O) and cranial (P) views. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; d, diapophysis; es, epizypapophyseal spine; hae, haemapophysis; hk, haemal keel; lf, lateral foramen; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; p, parapophysis; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pl, pleurapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; prp, prezygapophyseal process; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447585/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">Fig. 10A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D14310FFF0FC90F80D4DE2F839" blockId="20.[812,1455,1937,2028]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">The interzygapophyseal ridges are absent or indistinctly developed. The lateral foramina sit in shallow depressions. The paradiapophyses are markedly small with parapophysis</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D14311FFF1FF38FF4B4A44FA5C" blockId="21.[130,777,215,1422]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">
|
||
somewhat smaller than the diapophysis. The subcentral ridges are almost straight but on the anteriormost trunk vertebrae they are dorsally slightly arched (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A544311FFF1FDCDFE8B4A94FEE3" box="[625,728,279,305]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1743,1761]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-81@20.[698,1267,779,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 10. — “Colubrinae” indet., type 1 from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1464 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1465 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (F), dorsal (G), ventral (H), cranial (I) and caudal (J) views. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1466 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in left lateral (K) and ventral (L) views. Caudal vertebra Pal. 1966 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in right lateral (M), dorsal (N), ventral (O) and cranial (P) views. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; d, diapophysis; es, epizypapophyseal spine; hae, haemapophysis; hk, haemal keel; lf, lateral foramen; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; p, parapophysis; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pl, pleurapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; prp, prezygapophyseal process; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447585/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In dorsal view, the zygosphene is wide with small and pointed lateral lobes and a rather wide and blunt medial lobe; thus, the cranial margin of the zygosphene appears to be convex. The prezygapophyseal articular facets are rather small with an oval outline and their long axis extended anterolaterally. The only preserved right prezygapophyseal process is slen- der and almost as long as the prezygapophyseal facet. It is anterolaterally directed with a pointed distal termination. In ventral view, the vertebral centrum is elongated craniocaudally. The morphology of the haemal keel strongly depends on its position within the vertebral column. On anterior trunk vertebrae, the haemal keel is narrow and sometimes has a sharp ventral margin. In the middle trunk vertebrae, the haemal keel extends slightly towards the caudal margin of the centrum, and rather indistinct furrows sometimes occur along the haemal keel’s axis. In the posterior trunk vertebrae, the ventral margin of the haemal keel is rather flat and may laterally overhang its narrow base slightly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A544311FFF1FF32FCE94943FC5D" box="[142,271,885,911]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1743,1761]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-81@20.[698,1267,779,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 10. — “Colubrinae” indet., type 1 from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1464 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1465 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (F), dorsal (G), ventral (H), cranial (I) and caudal (J) views. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1466 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in left lateral (K) and ventral (L) views. Caudal vertebra Pal. 1966 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in right lateral (M), dorsal (N), ventral (O) and cranial (P) views. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; d, diapophysis; es, epizypapophyseal spine; hae, haemapophysis; hk, haemal keel; lf, lateral foramen; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; p, parapophysis; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pl, pleurapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; prp, prezygapophyseal process; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447585/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">Fig. 10K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). The subcotylar tubercles are absent, the subcentral grooves are shallow, and the subcentral foramina are very small. The subcentral ridges are usually rather blunt. The parapophyses are rather short. The postzygapophyseal articular facets are subrectangular and slightly laterally elongated. In cranial view, the neural arch is vaulted, and the neural canal is wide and rounded with small lateral sinuses. The cranial margin of the zygosphenal lip is arched dorsally but the medial lobe can be bent slightly ventrally. The prezygapophyseal processes are also bent slightly ventrally. The paracotylar foramina occur within deep depressions on either side of the slightly dorsoventrally depressed cotyle. In caudal view, the zygantral area is wide. The base of the condyle is flattened. The vertebral dimensions of the largest vertebrae from 1/2001 Turtle Joint are as follows (n = 7): cl: or =
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B344311FFF1FF61FACF49C8FABC" box="[221,388,1363,1390]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.905" metricValueMax="4.16" metricValueMin="3.65" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" unit="mm" value="3.905" valueMax="4.16" valueMin="3.65">3.65-4.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
; naw: or =
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B344311FFF1FDBFFACF4AE6FABC" box="[515,682,1363,1390]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37" metricValueMax="2.55" metricValueMin="2.19" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" unit="mm" value="2.37" valueMax="2.55" valueMin="2.19">2.19-2.55 mm</quantity>
|
||
; cl/naw: or = 1.56-1.71, mean 1.65 ± 0.05.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="E2E32F3A4311FFF1FF38FA2F4A1FF8DE" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D14311FFF1FF38FA2F4970FA1F" blockId="21.[132,316,1459,1485]" box="[132,316,1459,1485]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">
|
||
<heading id="D09B81BD4311FFF1FF38FA2F4970FA1F" box="[132,316,1459,1485]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34311FFF1FF38FA2F4970FA1F" box="[132,316,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">Caudal vertebrae</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D14311FFF1FF38FA4F4A1FF8DE" blockId="21.[131,777,1491,1804]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">
|
||
The more complete vertebra (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A544311FFF1FE6EFA4F4A6CFA3F" box="[466,544,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1743,1761]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-81@20.[698,1267,779,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 10. — “Colubrinae” indet., type 1 from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1464 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1465 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (F), dorsal (G), ventral (H), cranial (I) and caudal (J) views. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1466 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in left lateral (K) and ventral (L) views. Caudal vertebra Pal. 1966 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in right lateral (M), dorsal (N), ventral (O) and cranial (P) views. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; d, diapophysis; es, epizypapophyseal spine; hae, haemapophysis; hk, haemal keel; lf, lateral foramen; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; p, parapophysis; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pl, pleurapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; prp, prezygapophyseal process; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447585/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
M-P) is fragmentary with loss of the distal tips of the pleurapophyses and haemapophyses as well as damaged prezygapophyses. In lateral view, the neural spine height is about a quarter of its length. In dorsal view, the vertebra is strongly elongated craniocaudally. The neural arch is cylindrical. Prezygypophyses with strongly elongated prezygapophyseal articular facets are directed anteriorly rather than anterolaterally. Therefore, we conclude that these caudal vertebrae belong to the same taxon as above described trunk vertebrae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C376655A4311FFF1FF38F8AE4C34FBFD" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D14311FFF1FF38F8AE48A0F898" blockId="21.[132,236,1842,1868]" box="[132,236,1842,1868]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D14311FFF1FF38F8CD4B4AF839" blockId="21.[132,774,1873,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">The trunk vertebrae of this tiny snake are characterized by: 1) small dimensions; 2) interzygapophyseal ridges absent or moderately developed; 3) medial lobe of the zygosphene sometimes bent ventrally; 4) slender anterolaterally directed prezygapophyseal processes with pointed</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D14311FFF1FC97FF4B4C34FBFD" blockId="21.[811,1457,215,1071]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">
|
||
distal terminations; 5) markedly small paradiapophyses with a short parapophysis that is somewhat smaller than the diapophysis; and 6) the rather blunt subcentral ridges. The vertebrae differ from those of extinct Eurasian small “colubrine” genera including Oligocene (MP 22, MP 30) and early to late Miocene (MN 4-MN 9)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D524311FFF1FB44FEEB4D24FE43" authorityName="Holman" authorityYear="1977" box="[1272,1384,375,401]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Texasophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34311FFF1FB44FEEB4D24FE43" box="[1272,1384,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">Texasophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204311FFF1FAC5FEEB4BB8FE63" author="RAGE J. - C. & HOLMAN J. A." pageId="21" pageNumber="362" pagination="89 - 104" refId="ref26524" refString="RAGE J. - C. & HOLMAN J. A. 1984. - Des serpents (Reptilia, Squamata) de type Nord-Americain dans le Miocene francais. Evolution parallele ou dispersion? Geobios 17 (1): 89 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (84) 80007 - 8" type="journal article" year="1984">Rage & Holman 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204311FFF1FBBBFE0B4CA7FE63" author="AUGE M. & RAGE J. - C." box="[1031,1259,407,433]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" refId="ref22449" refString="AUGE M. & RAGE J. - C. 2000. - Les Squamates (Reptilia) du Miocene moyen de Sansan (Gers, France), in GINSBURG L. (ed.), La faune miocene de Sansan et son environnement. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 263 - 313 (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle; 183)." type="journal volume" year="2000">Augé & Rage 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204311FFF1FB41FE0A4DEBFE63" author="SZYNDLAR Z." box="[1277,1447,406,433]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" pagination="55 - 71" refId="ref27331" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. 1987. - Snakes from the Lower Miocene locality of Dolnice (Czechoslovakia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7 (1): 55 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1987.10011637" type="journal article" year="1987">Szyndlar 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204311FFF1FC91FE2B4B3EFE03" author="SZYNDLAR Z." box="[813,882,439,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" pagination="103 - 126" refId="ref27415" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. 1991 a. - A rewiew of Neogene and Quaternary snakes of Central and Eastern Europe. Part I: Scolecophidia, Boidae, Colubridae. Estudios geologicos 47 (1 - 2): 103 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / egeol. 91471 - 2412" type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
1991
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204311FFF1FCD9FE2B4B3EFE03" author="RICHTER A." box="[869,882,439,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref27007" refString="RICHTER A. 1994. - Lacertilia aus der Unteren Kreide von Una und Galve (Spanien) und Anoual (Marokko). Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen (E: Palaobiologie) 14: 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1994">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1994;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204311FFF1FC75FE2B4C85FE03" author="IVANOV M. & BOHME M." box="[969,1225,438,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" pagination="411 - 449" refId="ref24840" refString="IVANOV M. & BOHME M. 2011. - Snakes from Griesbeckerzell (Langhian, Early Badenian), North Alpine Foreland Basin (Germany), with comments on the evolution of snake fauna in Central Europe during the Miocene Climatic Optimum. Geodiversitas 33 (3): 411 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2011 n 3 a 2" type="journal article" year="2011">Ivanov & Böhme 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204311FFF1FB6BFE2B4DD3FE03" author="IVANOV M. & VASILYAN D. & BOHME M. & ZAZHIGIN V. S." box="[1239,1439,438,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" pagination="1284 - 1303" refId="ref25069" refString="IVANOV M., VASILYAN D., BOHME M. & ZAZHIGIN V. S. 2019. - Miocene snakes from northeastern Kazakhstan: new data on the evolution of snake assemblages in Siberia. Historical Biology 31 (10): 1284 - 1303. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2018. 1446086" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Ivanov
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34311FFF1FA95FE2B4D12FE02" box="[1321,1374,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), late Miocene (MN 13)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D524311FFF1FB90FE4A4D21FE23" authority="(Szyndlar 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Szyndlar" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1068,1389,470,497]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Hispanophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34311FFF1FB90FE4A4CFCFE22" box="[1068,1200,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">Hispanophis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204311FFF1FB7EFE4A4D2EFE23" author="SZYNDLAR Z." box="[1218,1378,470,497]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" pagination="447 - 465" refId="ref27295" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. 1985. - Ophidian fauna (Reptilia, Serpentes) from the Upper Miocene of Algora (Spain). Estudios geologicos 41 (5 - 6): 447 - 465." type="journal article" year="1985">Szyndlar 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, middle Miocene (MN 6, MN 7+8)
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34311FFF1FB1EFE6A4D0AFDC2" box="[1186,1350,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">Paleohetorodon</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204311FFF1FAEBFE6B4B9DFDE2" author="RAGE J. - C. & HOLMAN J. A." pageId="21" pageNumber="362" pagination="89 - 104" refId="ref26524" refString="RAGE J. - C. & HOLMAN J. A. 1984. - Des serpents (Reptilia, Squamata) de type Nord-Americain dans le Miocene francais. Evolution parallele ou dispersion? Geobios 17 (1): 89 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (84) 80007 - 8" type="journal article" year="1984">Rage & Holman 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204311FFF1FC5FFD8A4CCBFDE2" author="HOLMAN J. A." box="[995,1159,534,560]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" refId="ref24321" refString="HOLMAN J. A. 2000. - Fossil Snakes of North America. Origin, Evolution, Distribution, Paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 357 p." type="book" year="2000">Holman 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and two new genera of late Miocene or early Pliocene (MN 13/MN 14) colubrid snakes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204311FFF1FC3FFDCA4C28FDA2" author="GEORGALIS G. L. & VILLA A, & VASILYAN D. & FINO M." box="[899,1124,598,624]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref24107" refString="GEORGALIS G. L., VILLA A, IVANOV M, VASILYAN D. & DEL- FINO M. 2019. - Fossil amphibians and reptiles from the Neogene locality of Maramena (Greece), the most diverse European herpetofauna at the Miocene / Pliocene transition boundary. Palaeontologia Electronica 22.3.68: 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 908" type="book chapter" year="2019">
|
||
Georgalis
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34311FFF1FC4EFDCB4C69FDA2" box="[1010,1061,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) by the presence of blunt subcentral ridges and markedly small paradiapophyses. Such small paradiapophyses with rather short parapophyses do not occur in any known Eurasian fossil “colubrines” nor in studied extant representatives. Although similarly small paradiapophyses as well as blunt subcentral ridges occur in the Asiatic and North American genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D524311FFF1FB6EFC894B2BFC9D" authority="Fitzinger, 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Opheodrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34311FFF1FB6EFC894D0CFCFD" box="[1234,1344,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">Opheodrys</emphasis>
|
||
Fitzinger, 1843
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the epizygapophyseal spines are underdeveloped, the prezygapophyseal articular facets are widely oval to almost circular in outline, and the prezygapophyseal processes are much shorter in this extant genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204311FFF1FB74FC094D24FC7D" author="PARMLEY D." box="[1224,1384,917,943]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" pagination="266 - 274" refId="ref26223" refString="PARMLEY D. 1990. - Late Pleistocene Snakes from Fowlkes Cave, Culberson County, Texas. Journal of Herpetology 24 (3): 266 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1564393" type="journal article" year="1990">Parmley 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204311FFF1FAC5FC094BD1FC1D" author="HOLMAN J. A." pageId="21" pageNumber="362" refId="ref24321" refString="HOLMAN J. A. 2000. - Fossil Snakes of North America. Origin, Evolution, Distribution, Paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 357 p." type="book" year="2000">Holman 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D524311FFF1FB91FC294CE2FC1D" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[1069,1198,949,975]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubrinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Colubrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
” indet.,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D788734311FFF1FAB0FC294D77FC1D" box="[1292,1339,949,975]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">type</typeStatus>
|
||
1 possibly represents a new taxon, the vertebral morphology of most Asiatic small “colubrines” is unknown and a more precise comparison will be necessary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |