496 lines
53 KiB
XML
496 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="0A77D0C710EFCFCA197F50659BA08498" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930310001613584" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4676048" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617980881441" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Lötters, S., Schick, S., Scheelke, K., Teege, P., Kosuch, J., Rotich, D. & Veith, M." docDate="2004" docId="03C587BBB11AF11EFE1B9012FE83FCD9" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.38.1969-1997.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 38 (15)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613584" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B3570C21952C5CF44265488F0CE432D6.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="B3570C21952C5CF44265488F0CE432D6" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Hyperolius tuberculatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1983" masterDocId="FFFCFFC3B11DF10EFFA79637FFA5FFE7" masterDocTitle="Bio-sketches and partitioning of sympatric reed frogs, genus Hyperolius (Amphibia; Hyperoliidae), in two humid tropical African forest regions" masterLastPageNumber="1997" masterPageNumber="1969" pageNumber="1974" updateTime="1698903763893" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C66EA6E6EADE9AB70B61C17219D64C91">Bio-sketches and partitioning of sympatric reed frogs, genus Hyperolius (Amphibia; Hyperoliidae), in two humid tropical African forest regions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0B68B95CC78463CE29012149FCA2D3DB">Schick, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4DAA5B1638342F6696D19129E3BCF127">Scheelke, K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9BBD8C152A39D613AE4E0694FC5B7B76">Teege, P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2F7C5FDF8993451B6F0011380AC50A8A">Kosuch, J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EE03ACA384385F2A12C53A1D849D9124">Rotich, D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="74F72FBCE172099E65BAAE4AC3DEAD73">Veith, M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C4196F18096067572F227769FC399C4F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="94D51B310E354ADB5B21E2653ED31A89">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2A5B3C13FA27134DCC3F0233E7B2F49A">
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<mods:date id="E5E79BEBB5B2486893720077EB9DE628">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B8358C3A5E7BF99E5F50AF574510C2CE">2004-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6B51715DC0094ABA3708C13584E89DAD" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3E1C78D068B3D60F5CC3BEFBA8061A3F">38</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B8196ABF039E7D4CE69767ECC172F36F">15</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="8B7A13F616DCA5EB68376A710CDD28FD" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="08625736AA3BCED3272A829549B68EED">1969</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="BED3AB350B5B7E17C7B3EAA7970F5E51">1997</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:url id="4F5F8199814CF925D7EE82028C570C7E">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613584</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C6D292D4308C63E53B587927DA14812D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="04C7DB8E319C6EF8CB545318C756E13C" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930310001613584</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CE3821631DD96D427C1699687F3E2C03" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2921907F1A7AEF3479E273FBF51A1452" type="Zenodo-Dep">4676048</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03C587BBB11AF11EFE1B9012FE83FCD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587BBB11AF11EFE1B9012FE83FCD9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587BBB11AF11EFE1B9012FE83FCD9" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="1983" pageId="7" pageNumber="1974">
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<subSubSection id="C3766526B11AF109FE1B9012FD1BF9BA" pageId="7" pageNumber="1974" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD336ADB11AF109FE1B9012FCF9F9DA" blockId="7.[444,860,1573,1597]" box="[444,860,1573,1597]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1974">
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<heading id="D09B81C1B11AF109FE1B9012FCF9F9DA" box="[444,860,1573,1597]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="1974" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB11AF109FE1B9012FCF9F9DA" ID-CoL="3NR26" authority="(Mocquard)" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[444,860,1573,1597]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="1974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
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<emphasis id="B918EABFB11AF109FE1B9012FD62F9DA" bold="true" box="[444,711,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1974">Hyperolius tuberculatus</emphasis>
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(Mocquard)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD336ADB11AF109FDFD9072FD1BF9BA" blockId="7.[602,702,1605,1629]" box="[602,702,1605,1629]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1974">(figure 4)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3766526B11AF11EFF6590BBFE83FCD9" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="1983" pageId="7" pageNumber="1974" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD336ADB11AF109FF6590BBFBF3F943" blockId="7.[154,1110,1676,1732]" box="[194,1110,1676,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1974">
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This species is known from bush land and forest from
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<collectingCountry id="F37B763DB11AF109FCD390BBFC49F943" box="[884,1004,1676,1700]" name="Cameroon" pageId="7" pageNumber="1974">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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through
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD336ADB11AF102FF3D909BFD8CFDA1" blockId="7.[154,1110,1676,1732]" lastBlockId="12.[159,1116,173,1476]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="1979" pageId="7" pageNumber="1974">
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<collectingCountry id="F37B763DB11AF109FF3D909BFED1F923" box="[154,372,1708,1732]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="7" pageNumber="1974">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37B763DB11AF109FE24909BFE77F923" box="[387,466,1708,1732]" name="Gabon" pageId="7" pageNumber="1974">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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and the
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<collectingCountry id="F37B763DB11AF109FD98909BFCB8F923" box="[575,797,1708,1732]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="1974">Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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to the eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F37B763DB11AF102FC76909BFEDCFF22" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="1979" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="1974">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B5CB111F102FE2D969AFD88FF22" author="LAURENT, R. F." box="[394,557,173,197]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref13630" refString="LAURENT, R. F., 1972, Amphibiens, Exploration du Parc National des Virunga, deuxieme serie, 22, 1 - 125 zpls I - XI." type="journal article" year="1972">Laurent, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B5CB111F102FD9D969AFDD7FF22" author="LAURENT, R. F." box="[570,626,173,197]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref13661" refString="LAURENT, R. F., 1983, La superespece Hyperolius viridiflavus en Afrique Centrale, Monitore zoologico italiano, 18, 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B5CB111F102FDD9969AFCBCFF22" author="SCHIOTZ, A." box="[638,793,173,197]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" refId="ref14244" refString="SCHIOTZ, A., 1999, Treefrogs of Africa (Frankfurt: Chimaira), 350 pp." type="book" year="1999">Schiøtz, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B5CB111F102FC81969AFB91FF22" author="FRETEY, T. & BLANC, T. C." box="[806,1076,173,197]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" refId="ref13104" refString="FRETEY, T. and BLANC, T. C., 2000, Les amphibiens d'Afrique centrale (Libreville: ADIE), 39 pp." type="book" year="2000">Frétey and Blanc, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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). A detailed comparison of the many populations has not been conducted. It seems probable that more than one species is involved. At least
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B5CB111F102FCEE96DAFC4BFEE2" author="SCHIOTZ, A." box="[841,1006,237,261]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" refId="ref14244" refString="SCHIOTZ, A., 1999, Treefrogs of Africa (Frankfurt: Chimaira), 350 pp." type="book" year="1999">Schiøtz (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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regarded the suggested taxa
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FEDE9739FDE8FEC2" authority="Laurent" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1956" box="[377,589,269,294]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hutsebauti">
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<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FEDE9739FE4FFEC1" box="[377,490,270,294]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">hutsebauti</emphasis>
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Laurent
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</taxonomicName>
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from the
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<collectingCountry id="F37B763DB111F102FD66973AFB8DFEC2" box="[705,1064,269,293]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FF389719FEF7FEA1" authority="Laurent" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1958" box="[159,338,302,326]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nimbae">
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<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FF389719FF4BFEA1" box="[159,238,302,326]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">nimbae</emphasis>
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Laurent
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</taxonomicName>
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from the
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<collectingCountry id="F37B763DB111F102FE6F9719FDF5FEA1" box="[456,592,302,326]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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as full species. After examination of the type specimens, we agree that
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FE649779FD9DFE81" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1958" box="[451,568,334,358]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nimbae">
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<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FE649779FD9DFE81" box="[451,568,334,358]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">H. nimbae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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represents a distinct taxon, but we did not find striking differences between
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FE4D9759FD3DFE61" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[490,664,366,390]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
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<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FE4D9759FD3DFE61" box="[490,664,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">H. tuberculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FD719759FCC1FE61" box="[726,868,366,390]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hutsbauti">
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<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FD719759FCC1FE61" box="[726,868,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">H. hutsbauti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B5CB111F102FCD39759FBF9FE61" author="LOTTERS, S. & GOSSMAN, V. & OBAME, F. & BOHME, W." box="[884,1116,366,390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" pagination="19 - 34" refId="ref13688" refString="LOTTERS, S., GOSSMAN, V., OBAME, F. and BOHME, W., 2001, Zur Herpetofauna Gabuns. Teil I: Einleitung, Untersuchungsgebiet und Methodik, kommentierte Artenliste der gefundenen Froschlurche, Herpetofauna, 23, 19 - 34." type="journal article" year="2001">
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Lötters
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<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FC769759FBA6FE61" box="[977,1027,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">et al</emphasis>
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. (2001)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
listed material of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FED497B9FD86FE41" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[371,547,398,422]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
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<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FED497B9FD86FE41" box="[371,547,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">H. tuberculatus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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examined in this study from the Monts Cristal in
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<collectingCountry id="F37B763DB111F102FF639799FEB6FE21" box="[196,275,430,454]" name="Gabon" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FEEF9799FE67FE21" authorityName="Rapp" authorityYear="1842" box="[328,450,430,454]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FEEF9799FE67FE21" box="[328,450,430,454]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">Hyperolius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. A. This material is from a site close to the type locality (i.e. ‘Lambaréné’,
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<collectingCountry id="F37B763DB111F102FE4397F9FD9DFE01" box="[484,568,462,486]" name="Gabon" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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). However, we have not compared it either with the
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<typeStatus id="54D7880FB111F102FEA197D9FECFFDE1" box="[262,362,494,518]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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or with topotypic specimens. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B5CB111F102FCC397D9FBA4FDE1" author="SCHIOTZ, A." box="[868,1025,494,518]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" refId="ref14223" refString="SCHIOTZ, A., 1975, The Treefrogs of Eastern Africa (Copenhagen: Steenstrupia), 232 pp." type="book" year="1975">Schiøtz (1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B5CB111F102FBA997D9FBE2FDE1" author="SCHIOTZ, A." box="[1038,1095,494,518]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" refId="ref14244" refString="SCHIOTZ, A., 1999, Treefrogs of Africa (Frankfurt: Chimaira), 350 pp." type="book" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FF389439FEEBFDC1" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[159,334,526,550]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
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<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FF389439FEEBFDC1" box="[159,334,526,550]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">H. tuberculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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forms a subgroup within the species complex encompassed by
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FB989439FD83FDA1" authority="(Dumeril and Bibron)" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril and Bibron" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridiflavus">
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<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FB989439FEB2FDA1" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">H. viridiflavus</emphasis>
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(Duméril and Bibron)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD336ADB111F102FF60947AFEC2FB41" blockId="12.[159,1116,173,1476]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FF60947AFE99FD82" box="[199,316,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) SVL males 27.9¡
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B48B111F102FDCB947AFD6EFD82" box="[620,715,589,613]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" unit="mm" value="1.73">1.73 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B48B111F102FD7A947AFCDBFD82" box="[733,894,589,613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.87" metricValueMax="3.15" metricValueMin="2.59" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" unit="mm" value="28.7" valueMax="31.5" valueMin="25.9">25.9–31.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FC2A947AFC3FFD82" box="[909,922,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">n</emphasis>
|
||
~7), one female
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B48B111F102FF38945AFEA7FD62" box="[159,258,621,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.96" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" unit="mm" value="29.6">29.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; (2) TIBL/SVL 0.52¡0.01 (0.5–0.54,
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FCA6945AFCABFD62" box="[769,782,621,645]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">n</emphasis>
|
||
~8), HW/SVL 0.32¡0.01 (0.3–0.33,
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FEBB94BAFE8CFD42" box="[284,297,653,677]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">n</emphasis>
|
||
~8); (3) dorsal surface more or less intensely scattered with warts (the least in the only available female), tuberculate below tympanic area; (4) snout shape dorsally nearly rounded and laterally rounded, nares visible from above; (5) E-N/EYE 0.76¡0.1 (0.62–0.89,
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FD0794DAFD08FCE2" box="[672,685,749,773]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">n</emphasis>
|
||
~8), canthus rostralis straight from tip of snout to nostril and straight or slightly concave from nostril to eye; (6) tympanum covered by thick skin in males, distinct in female, TYMP/EYE in female 0.3; (7) FOOT/TIBL 0.88¡0.05 (0.78–0.92,
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FC9C957AFCEDFC82" box="[827,840,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">n</emphasis>
|
||
~8); (8) foot webbing formula: 1(1), 2i(1) 2e(0), 3i(1) 3e(0–K), 4i(1) 4e(K–1), 5(0–K); hand webbing formula: 1(1), 2i/e(1), 3i(1–1K) 3e(1), 4(K–1); (9) PhJ and PhF are dorsally light brown with or without dark brown hour-glass pattern and/or irregular dark brown spots, ventrally cream to pink, usually with a white area proximal to the cloaca, inner sides of legs and arms reddish; the gular flap of males is light yellow to greyish or greenish yellow; the iris is brownish (information provided is based on collected material and numerous non-collected specimens of both sexes); (10) for sequence of 560 bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA of the 16S ribosomal gene see GenBank under
|
||
<accessionNumber id="943FAB4EB111F102FD14925AFC8EFB62" box="[691,811,1133,1157]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY323921" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">AY323921</accessionNumber>
|
||
(~ZFMK 73144); (11) LTRF unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB111F102FF60929AFBF9FB02" blockId="12.[159,1116,173,1476]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FF60929AFE65FB22" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1956" box="[199,448,1197,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hutsebauti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FF60929AFE65FB22" box="[199,448,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">Hyperolius hutsebauti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, if valid, differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FD7C929AFC28FB22" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[731,909,1197,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FD7C929AFC28FB22" box="[731,909,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">H. tuberculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being darker.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FF3892FAFED5FB02" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1958" box="[159,368,1229,1253]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nimbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FF3892FAFED5FB02" box="[159,368,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">Hyperolius nimbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more tuberculate over its dorsal surfaces than
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FC0F92FAFBF9FB02" box="[936,1116,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FC0F92FAFBFDFB02" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[936,1112,1229,1253]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">H. tuberculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB111F102FF6092DBFBF9FA23" blockId="12.[159,1116,173,1476]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FF6092DBFD33FAE3" box="[199,662,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">
|
||
Life history.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FE2E92DBFD33FAE3" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[393,662,1260,1284]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">Hyperolius tuberculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is nocturnal and arboreal. We found both males and females in large numbers during the night time from
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FC7E933BFC57FAC3" box="[985,1010,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">ca</emphasis>
|
||
18:00 to 01:00 at the shore of a large artificial lake in a semi-cleared area in primary forest. Males produced advertisement calls from near the ground up to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE58506AB111F102FBA2937BFBE7FA83" box="[1029,1090,1356,1380]" degrees="0.5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" precision="5555" value="-0.5">
|
||
w
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B48B111F102FB87937BFBE7FA83" box="[1056,1090,1356,1380]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5</quantity>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
m above ground from riparian vegetation (i.e. mainly reed). Couples in amplexus were observed. Eggs obtained from a pair in a plastic bag were
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FC1893BBFC7DFA43" box="[959,984,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">ca</emphasis>
|
||
2.0 mm in diameter (without jelly) and half-pigmented. Because of the accumulation of so
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF136625B111F102FF38903EFE03F958" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB111F102FF38903EFE03F958" blockId="12.[159,1117,1545,1727]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">
|
||
FIG. 2. Oscillograms and sound spectrograms of advertisement calls of the eight reed frog species studied: (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FE629013FD3FF9DE" authorityName="Perret" authorityYear="1959" box="[453,666,1572,1593]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FE629013FD3FF9DE" box="[453,666,1572,1593]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">Hyperolius mosaicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Gabon: Monts Cristal; (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FC789013FBF0F9DE" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1948" box="[991,1109,1572,1593]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FC789013FBF0F9DE" box="[991,1109,1572,1593]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">H. pardalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Gabon: Monts Cristal; (C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FDA19008FD06F9B3" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[518,675,1599,1620]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FDA19008FD06F9B3" box="[518,675,1599,1620]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">H. tuberculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Gabon: Monts Cristal; (D)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FC709008FBF3F9B3" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1931" box="[983,1110,1599,1620]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FC709008FBF3F9B3" box="[983,1110,1599,1620]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">H. acuticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Kenya: Kakamega Forest (a call is composed of two note types); (E)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FBBE906EFE07F96E" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1866" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinnamomeoventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FBBE906EFB88F989" box="[1049,1069,1625,1646]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">H</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FF439043FE07F96E" box="[228,418,1652,1673]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">cinnamomeoventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Kenya: Kakamega Forest; (F)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FCA19043FC20F96E" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1931" box="[774,901,1652,1673]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kivuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FCA19043FC20F96E" box="[774,901,1652,1673]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">H. kivuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Kenya: Kakamega Forest; (G)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FED790B9FE4EF944" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1940" box="[368,491,1678,1699]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FED790B9FE4EF944" box="[368,491,1678,1699]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">H. lateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Kenya: Kakamega Forest; (H)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB111F102FCC190B9FC59F944" box="[870,1020,1678,1699]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridiflavus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB111F102FCC190B9FC59F944" box="[870,1020,1678,1699]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1979">H. viridiflavus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Kenya: Kakamega Forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF136625B110F103FE4096FFFAC4FF39" box="[487,1377,200,222]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB110F103FE4096FFFAC4FF39" blockId="13.[487,1377,200,222]" box="[487,1377,200,222]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">
|
||
Table 1. Numerical parameters of advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB110F103FBED96FEFB12FF39" authorityName="Rapp" authorityYear="1842" box="[1098,1207,201,222]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB110F103FBED96FEFB12FF39" box="[1098,1207,201,222]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">Hyperolius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB110F103FCFC972CF936FC5D" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">
|
||
<table id="F96CC40DB1100EF1FF329737F914FBC2" box="[149,1713,256,1061]" gridcols="10" gridrows="30" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FC9F972CFC1CFED6" box="[824,953,283,305]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">Number</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FC9F9702FC1CFEAC" box="[824,953,309,331]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">of notes</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FC9F9767FC1CFE81" box="[824,953,336,358]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">per call</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FC9F9741FC1CFE6A" box="[824,953,374,397]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">1</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FE0197D7FD8FFE10" box="[422,554,480,503]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">24.4</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FD9097D7FD02FE10" box="[567,679,480,503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">1/10</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FC9F97D7FC1CFE10" box="[824,953,480,503]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">1</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FA6897D7F99EFE10" box="[1487,1595,480,503]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">1740–3110</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1F9EF97D7F914FE10" box="[1608,1713,480,503]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">2509</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FE01947DFD8FFD86" box="[422,554,586,609]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">23</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FD90947DFD02FD86" box="[567,679,586,609]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">1/17</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FC9F947DFC1CFD86" box="[824,953,586,609]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">1</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1F9EF947DF914FD86" box="[1608,1713,586,609]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">2271</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FE019482FD8FFD2C" box="[422,554,693,715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">15</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FD909482FD02FD2C" box="[567,679,693,715]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">2/25</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1F9EF9482F914FD2C" box="[1608,1713,693,715]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">4399</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FA9D9528FA67FCD1" box="[1338,1474,799,822]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">–</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FA689528F99EFCD1" box="[1487,1595,799,822]" gridcol="8" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">3730–4620</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1F9EF9528F914FCD1" box="[1608,1713,799,822]" gridcol="9" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">4399</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FE019593FD8FFC5D" box="[422,554,932,954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">13.9</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1FD909593FD02FC5D" box="[567,679,932,954]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">2/50</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1100EF1F9EF9593F914FC5D" box="[1608,1713,932,954]" gridcol="9" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="1980">2428</td>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF136625B113F100FCEF96C0FB81FEEA" box="[840,1060,247,269]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB113F100FCEF96C0FB81FEEA" blockId="14.[840,1060,247,269]" box="[840,1060,247,269]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">
|
||
Table 1. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB113F100FC0896C0FBB8FEEB" box="[943,1053,247,268]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">Continued.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB113F100FE019715F936FCA2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">
|
||
<table id="F96CC40DB1130EF1FF329715F914FC72" box="[149,1713,290,917]" gridcols="10" gridrows="23" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">
|
||
<tr id="355C34EFB1130EF1FF329715F914FEDF" box="[149,1713,290,312]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="768D5D93B1130EF1FE019715FD8FFEDF" box="[422,554,290,312]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">Temperature</th>
|
||
<th id="768D5D93B1130EF1FD909715FD0EFEDF" box="[567,683,290,312]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">Number of</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355C34EFB1130EF1FF32970AF914FEB4" box="[149,1713,317,339]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="768D5D93B1130EF1FF32970AFECAFEB4" box="[149,367,317,339]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">Species Voucher(s)</th>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FE01970AFD8FFEB4" box="[422,554,317,339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">during</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FD90970AFD0EFEB4" box="[567,683,317,339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">specimens/</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FD66970AFCBBFEB4" box="[705,798,317,339]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">Call</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FC9F970AFC71FEB4" box="[824,980,317,339]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">Number</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FC42970AFBF0FEB4" box="[997,1109,317,339]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">Note</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FA68970AF99EFEB4" box="[1487,1595,317,339]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">Frequency</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1F9EF970AF914FEB4" box="[1608,1713,317,339]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">Dominant</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355C34EFB1130EF1FF32976FF914FE89" box="[149,1713,344,366]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="768D5D93B1130EF1FF32976FFECAFE89" box="[149,367,344,366]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">Snout to vent</th>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FE01976FFD8FFE89" box="[422,554,344,366]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">recording</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FD90976FFD0EFE89" box="[567,683,344,366]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">calls</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FD66976FFCBBFE89" box="[705,798,344,366]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">duration</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FC9F976FFC71FE89" box="[824,980,344,366]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">of notes</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FC42976FFBF0FE89" box="[997,1109,344,366]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">duration</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FAE4976FFA1EFE89" box="[1347,1467,344,366]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">Notes per</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FA68976FF99EFE89" box="[1487,1595,344,366]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">range</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1F9EF976FF914FE89" box="[1608,1713,344,366]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">frequency</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355C34EFB1130EF1FF329745F914FE6F" box="[149,1713,370,392]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">
|
||
<th id="768D5D93B1130EF1FF329745FECAFE6F" box="[149,367,370,392]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">length (SVL)</th>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FE019745FD8FFE6F" box="[422,554,370,392]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">(‡C)</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FD909745FD0EFE6F" box="[567,683,370,392]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">analysed</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FD669745FCBBFE6F" box="[705,798,370,392]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">(ms)</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FC9F9745FC71FE6F" box="[824,980,370,392]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">per call</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FC429745FBF0FE6F" box="[997,1109,370,392]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">(ms)</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FBC09745FA80FE6F" box="[1127,1317,370,392]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">Note structure</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FAE49745FA1EFE6F" box="[1347,1467,370,392]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">second</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FA689745F99EFE6F" box="[1487,1595,370,392]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">(Hz)</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1F9EF9745F914FE6F" box="[1608,1713,370,392]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">(Hz)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FE019797FD8FFE50" box="[422,554,416,439]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">17.8</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FD909797FD0EFE50" box="[567,683,416,439]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">1/4</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FA689797F99EFE50" box="[1487,1595,416,439]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">2390–3220</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1F9EF9797F914FE50" box="[1608,1713,416,439]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">2877</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FE0194F3FD8FFD3C" box="[422,554,708,731]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">14</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FD9094F3FD0EFD3C" box="[567,683,708,731]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">1/29</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1F9EF94F3F914FD3C" box="[1608,1713,708,731]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">2350</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FE019518FD8FFCA2" box="[422,554,815,837]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">20</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FD909518FD0EFCA2" box="[567,683,815,837]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">1/29</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FC9F9518FC71FCA2" box="[824,980,815,837]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">1</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1FA689518F99EFCA2" box="[1487,1595,815,837]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">2310–3850</td>
|
||
<td id="768D5D93B1130EF1F9EF9518F914FCA2" box="[1608,1713,815,837]" gridcol="9" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">2971</td>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB113F100FF1F958FFBDAFC0E" blockId="14.[149,1433,951,1001]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1981">In call duration, number of notes per call, note duration and notes per second, the mean¡SD is followed by the range. In and maximum values are provided. For oscillograms and sound spectrograms see figure 2A–H.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF136625B112F101FF0294ACFBE8FD56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4676054" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4676054" box="[165,1101,667,689]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4676054/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" startId="15.[165,181,667,689]" targetBox="[431,833,171,634]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB112F101FF0294ACFBE8FD56" blockId="15.[165,1101,667,689]" box="[165,1101,667,689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">
|
||
FIG. 3. Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB112F101FE9B94ACFDA7FD57" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1948" box="[316,514,667,688]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB112F101FE9B94ACFDA7FD57" box="[316,514,667,688]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">Hyperolius pardalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(PhF), Gabon: Monts Cristal (specimen not collected).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB112F101FF3D94DFFECCFCC4" blockId="15.[154,1110,745,768]" lastBlockId="15.[154,1111,780,868]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">
|
||
many breeding specimens at the same time,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB112F101FD0B94DEFCF9FCE6" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[684,860,745,769]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB112F101FD0B94DEFCF9FCE6" box="[684,860,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">H. tuberculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be regarded an explosive breeder.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB112F101FF65951DFBF2FC83" blockId="15.[154,1111,780,868]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">Advertisement calls recorded by us each consist of a single very short ‘peep’ note, composed of numerous pulses (figure 2C; table 1). Thus, they generally</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB112F101FF3D9558FEFFFC0A" blockId="15.[154,1111,879,1071]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">
|
||
coincide with data provided by Amiet (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B5CB112F101FDD09558FCB5FC60" author="SCHIOTZ, A." box="[631,784,879,903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" refId="ref14244" refString="SCHIOTZ, A., 1999, Treefrogs of Africa (Frankfurt: Chimaira), 350 pp." type="book" year="1999">Schiøtz, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B763DB112F101FCF89558FC72FC60" box="[863,983,879,903]" name="Cameroon" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B5CB112F101FBB69558FE85FC4E" author="BOSCH, J. & DE LA RIVA, I. & MARQUEZ, R." pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12878" refString="BOSCH, J., DE LA RIVA, I. and MARQUEZ, R., 2000, Advertisement calls of seven species of hyperoliid frogs, from Equatorial Guinea, Amphibia-Reptilia, 21, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Bosch
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB112F101FF3D95A6FF6FFC4E" box="[154,202,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B763DB112F101FEC095A6FD9EFC4E" box="[359,571,913,937]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B5CB112F101FDED95A6FCBDFC4E" author="BOSCH, J. & DE LA RIVA, I. & MARQUEZ, R." box="[586,792,913,937]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12878" refString="BOSCH, J., DE LA RIVA, I. and MARQUEZ, R., 2000, Advertisement calls of seven species of hyperoliid frogs, from Equatorial Guinea, Amphibia-Reptilia, 21, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Bosch
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB112F101FD3F95A6FD6DFC4E" box="[664,712,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, frequency range and dominant frequency given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B5CB112F101FDE69584FC82FC2C" author="BOSCH, J. & DE LA RIVA, I. & MARQUEZ, R." box="[577,807,947,971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12878" refString="BOSCH, J., DE LA RIVA, I. and MARQUEZ, R., 2000, Advertisement calls of seven species of hyperoliid frogs, from Equatorial Guinea, Amphibia-Reptilia, 21, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Bosch
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB112F101FD339584FD6EFC2C" box="[660,715,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is about 1000 Hz higher without overlap.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB112F101FF6595C2FBF5FBC8" blockId="15.[154,1111,879,1071]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">
|
||
Vocalization data in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B5CB112F101FE1995C2FCCEFBEA" author="LARGEN, M. J. & DOWSETT-LEMAIRE, F." box="[446,875,1013,1037]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" pagination="145 - 168" refId="ref13480" refString="LARGEN, M. J. and DOWSETT-LEMAIRE, F., 1991, Amphibians (Anura) of the Kouilou River basin, Republique du Congo, Tauraco Research Report, 4, 145 - 168." type="journal article" year="1991">Largen and Dowsett-Lemaire (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB112F101FC7C95C2FED1FBC8" authority="Amiet" authorityName="Amiet" authorityYear="2000" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Alexteroon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypsiphonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB112F101FC7C95C2FE85FBC8" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">Alexteroon hypsiphonus</emphasis>
|
||
Amiet
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB112F101FE139220FDC7FBC8" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[436,610,1047,1071]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB112F101FE139220FDC7FBC8" box="[436,610,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">H. tuberculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M. J. Largen, personal communication).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB112F101FF3D925FFD17FB67" blockId="15.[154,1111,1128,1420]" box="[154,690,1128,1152]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB112F101FF3D925FFD17FB67" box="[154,690,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">Differentiation of sympatric species in the field</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB112F101FF6592B0FD6AFAAD" blockId="15.[154,1111,1128,1420]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">
|
||
Adults of the three species can be best distinguished by characters (1), (3), (6) and (9).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB112F101FF5A929DFE41FB25" authorityName="Perret" authorityYear="1959" box="[253,484,1194,1218]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB112F101FF5A929DFE41FB25" box="[253,484,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">Hyperolius mosaicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB112F101FD86929DFD3AFB25" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1948" box="[545,671,1194,1218]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB112F101FD86929DFD3AFB25" box="[545,671,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">H. pardalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB112F101FCCB929DFBBFFB25" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[876,1050,1194,1218]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB112F101FCCB929DFBBFFB25" box="[876,1050,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">H. tuberculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The former has a distinct tympanum and lacks hand webbing, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB112F101FC0692FBFB84FB03" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1948" box="[929,1057,1228,1252]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB112F101FC0692FBFB84FB03" box="[929,1057,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">H. pardalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB112F101FF3D92D9FE9DFAE1" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[154,312,1262,1286]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB112F101FF3D92D9FE9DFAE1" box="[154,312,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">H.tuberculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(although females of the latter have a distinct tympanum).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB112F101FC7A92D9FF57FACF" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1948" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB112F101FC7A92D9FF57FACF" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">Hyperolius pardalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has smooth skin while that of the other two is warty. The colour pattern of each of the three taxa is unique (figures 1, 3, 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB112F101FF659365FE8CFA6B" blockId="15.[154,1111,1128,1420]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">All three species possess clearly distinguishable advertisement calls as shown in figure 2A–C.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB112F101FF3D93F2FE32FA3A" blockId="15.[154,1111,1477,1666]" box="[154,407,1477,1501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB112F101FF3D93F2FE32FA3A" box="[154,407,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">Partitioning of species</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB112F101FF6593D3FD2AF985" blockId="15.[154,1111,1477,1666]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">
|
||
We lack information about temporal partitioning of the three tree frogs throughout the year. According to our data, all were active in
|
||
<date id="FFD2106DB112F101FCD09031FBB4F9F9" box="[887,1041,1542,1566]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982" value="2000-01">January 2000</date>
|
||
when breeding took place or was about to. Circadian activity was the same in the three species with calling behaviour after sunset.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB112F101FF65905DFBF2F965" blockId="15.[154,1111,1477,1666]" box="[194,1111,1642,1666]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">We clearly noted spatial partitioning. All taxa were arboreal but strictly</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB112F101FF3D90BAFD59F942" blockId="15.[154,1111,1677,1732]" box="[154,764,1677,1701]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">
|
||
restricted to different
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7880FB112F101FE3B90BAFE72F942" box="[412,471,1677,1701]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of water body (figure 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB112F101FF65909BFBF2F923" blockId="15.[154,1111,1677,1732]" box="[194,1111,1708,1732]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1982">Advertisement calls are most different in temporal parameters. Larger size</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF136625B10DF11EFF1094FCFBE0FD06" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4676056" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4676056" box="[183,1093,715,737]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4676056/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1983" startId="16.[183,199,715,737]" targetBox="[436,838,170,682]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB10DF11EFF1094FCFBE0FD06" blockId="16.[183,1093,715,737]" box="[183,1093,715,737]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1983">
|
||
FIG. 4. Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB10DF11EFEE894FCFD9AFD07" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[335,575,715,736]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="1983" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB10DF11EFEE894FCFD9AFD07" box="[335,575,715,736]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1983">Hyperolius tuberculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Gabon: Monts Cristal (specimen not collected).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336ADB10DF11EFF389531FE83FCD9" blockId="16.[159,1116,774,831]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1983">
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB10DF11EFF639531FED2FCF9" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[196,375,774,798]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="1983" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB10DF11EFF639531FED2FCF9" box="[196,375,774,798]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1983">H. tuberculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may suggest other food resources than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB10DF11EFC349531FB86FCF9" authorityName="Perret" authorityYear="1959" box="[915,1059,774,798]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="1983" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosaicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB10DF11EFC349531FB86FCF9" box="[915,1059,774,798]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1983">H. mosaicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D2EB10DF11EFF389510FEBAFCD8" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1948" box="[159,287,807,831]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="1983" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EABFB10DF11EFF389510FEBAFCD8" box="[159,287,807,831]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1983">H. pardalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |