757 lines
101 KiB
XML
757 lines
101 KiB
XML
<document id="1EDF472B127B0E8DF0EF3D9E95215D2D" ID-CLB-Dataset="29078" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4457.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8b17dc9b-12a0-4571-bffe-24d48324f7a0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1457567" ID-ZooBank="4A96289B-8C0A-4E5A-B2C0-B3D6E594B3CC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539263455256" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Souto, Camilla & Martins, Luciana" docDate="2018" docId="03D94A5DFC61FFFDCF8BF970FCFBAAA2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4457.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4457 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cassidulus briareus Souto & Martins 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0740DAFC-3232-4BA0-B18C-524BC68B5A11" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" masterDocId="FFE03225FC63FFF5CF1CFFB8FF97AA77" masterDocTitle="Synchrotron micro-CT scanning leads to the discovery of a new genus of morphologically conserved echinoid (Echinodermata: Cassiduloida)" updateTime="1698576870566" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="C4954220A37301FFBA383CB3826F7A12" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7F8D455D72F0C76D5FAF1AA46275ACDA">
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<mods:title id="F131BC752139C06679E62DC8770624C6">Synchrotron micro-CT scanning leads to the discovery of a new genus of morphologically conserved echinoid (Echinodermata: Cassiduloida)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="59C49452D4373AE45C014FF1EBFCA408" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E404B95BE76C967BE0E03A9E23429AE0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A2C7FC4C8E0D2943D8D08DA4FFD742D1">Souto, Camilla</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3664FCB125E0DE61FE5E4D3C2CFDD0F1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="87F7A458C7970518A41A65768481EF33">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DEF7F7E96551EE0AD2A6B68BAEF1EA77">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5F2FC828231F98ADD9E455A2566D4B6F">Martins, Luciana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8C9DEBD029B028DF0CB561D8A0A799F3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="55487EA44186E3E1CDC601F4FC000EF8">
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<mods:title id="65284B4CAB95548EED3F5E45163437C4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5CBCC3B779E8D15EFE7317DDEA8C0347">
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<mods:date id="F567F843479943FFBD27BBC4B88DC313">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E0BBAD7476FCF7A46C8926004CC87F2F" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="244A388CE8165921BD1FFE7766CF53A6">2018-08-07</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="EFAA4ACAFE16FBB646908123B823AE25" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="EDE5E632120EDD4E3F27589103F61F6F">4457</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4EA770F63E68C909CA076FF448DA5CB3" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="26EE9EEDA3C2E3638C67484626B8BD2F">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="5413B2B4E545DF4539568A3EE4A9F897">journal volume</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BF616A609F9A17DE6ADA452693862B1D" type="CLB-Dataset">29078</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BB98C5D70AFCCF076E6F88B9CB532C35" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4457.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3919B746CE2F1C89A22ECEAD6AD61553" type="GBIF-Dataset">8b17dc9b-12a0-4571-bffe-24d48324f7a0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B892B840453FAEA79F2CF68991F76E47" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="375E307B245A589CB4D66CEAC8C7D502" type="Zenodo-Dep">1457567</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CC00953C6C2690072855755AE63E1ED0" type="ZooBank">4A96289B-8C0A-4E5A-B2C0-B3D6E594B3CC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03D94A5DFC61FFFDCF8BF970FCFBAAA2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5978151" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148691885" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5978151" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0740DAFC-3232-4BA0-B18C-524BC68B5A11" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D94A5DFC61FFFDCF8BF970FCFBAAA2" lastPageId="8" pageId="2">
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<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC61FFF7CF8BF970FEACAD73" pageId="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC61FFF7CF8BF970FE7BAC94" blockId="2.[151,492,1736,1796]" box="[151,492,1736,1763]" pageId="2">
|
||
<heading id="D0874C27FC61FFF7CF8BF970FE7BAC94" bold="true" box="[151,492,1736,1763]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC61FFF7CF8BF970FE7BAC94" bold="true" box="[151,492,1736,1763]" pageId="2">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC61FFF7CF8BF970FE10AC95" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,391,1736,1762]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="2" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="briareus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9042759FC61FFF7CF8BF970FE10AC95" bold="true" box="[151,391,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="2">Cassidulus briareus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC61FFF7CE92F971FE7BAC94" box="[398,492,1737,1763]" pageId="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC61FFF7CF8BF953FEACAD73" blockId="2.[151,492,1736,1796]" box="[151,315,1771,1796]" pageId="2">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC61FFF7CF83F953FE9DAD73" box="[159,266,1771,1796]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1398,1420]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1396,301,1376]" captionTargetBox-1="[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[190,1396,301,1376]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU): test of holotype in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, and (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes; and test of paratype in (D) aboral and (E) posterior view. Scale bars: A–E, 5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU; all from holotype except B, F–H): (A–D, G–H) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (E–F, I–L) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B–D) internal view of petals I–III, respectively, (E) plates beyond ambulacrum V, (F) periproct (internal view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (G) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, (H) longitudinal section of phyllode III (arrows indicate sphaeridia), and (I–L) internal views of the phyllodes V, II–IV, respectively. Scale bars: A–L, 1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1457569/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1457571/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC61FFF7CE0AF954FEA4AD73" box="[278,307,1772,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,447,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[190,1396,447,1606]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. SRµCT-based volume renderings of bourrelets from (A–B) Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU [paratype]) and (C–F) Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): (A, C) oral view of test showing the peristome and part of the phyllodes I, III–V; dotted lines indicate region depicted in (B) and (D), i.e., cross section (x – x’ axis) of bourrelet 5 on the left, and of phyllode III on the right (the inside of the test is towards the top of the page); (E) frontal cross section (y – y’ axis) of test showing depression on bourrelets 2 and 3; and (F) internal view of test showing phyllodes I and V, and basicoronal 5 between them. AMB, ambulacrum; INT, interambulacrum. Scale bars: A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457587/files/figure.png" pageId="2">10</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC61FFF6CF8BF88BFD4CAA8F" lastPageId="3" pageId="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC61FFF7CF8BF88BFE8FADE3" blockId="2.[151,1436,1843,2012]" pageId="2">
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<emphasis id="B9042759FC61FFF7CF8BF88BFED2AD3B" bold="true" box="[151,325,1843,1868]" pageId="2">
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<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC61FFF7CF8BF88BFF45AD3B" box="[151,210,1843,1868]" pageId="2">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC61FFF7CE50F88BFE2EAD3B" box="[332,441,1843,1868]" pageId="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC61FFF7CEDFF88BFDBDAD3B" box="[451,554,1843,1868]" name="Australia" pageId="2">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(Neuholland), collected by Salmin (probably Carl Ludwig Salmin),
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<quantity id="4C8856AEFC61FFF7CA36F88BFA0BAD3C" box="[1322,1436,1843,1868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8359999999999999" pageId="2" unit="mm" value="18.36">18.36 mm</quantity>
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TL (MP 1267
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<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC61FFF7CE54F8EFFE27AD07" box="[328,432,1879,1904]" pageId="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="ED61638EFC61FFF7CEA0F8E0FDA6AD07" box="[444,561,1880,1904]" pageId="2">MNHWU</collectionCode>
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).
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<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC61FFF7CD55F8E0FD38AD07" box="[585,687,1880,1904]" pageId="2" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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: same collection data as H,
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<quantity id="4C8856AEFC61FFF7CB1AF8E0FBEAAD18" box="[1030,1149,1880,1904]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="2" unit="mm" value="18.2">18.20 mm</quantity>
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TL (MP 1267
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<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC61FFF7CA26F8E0FA0BAD07" box="[1338,1436,1880,1904]" pageId="2" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="ED61638EFC61FFF7CF8BF8C4FE9BADE3" box="[151,268,1916,1940]" pageId="2">MNHWU</collectionCode>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC61FFF7CFDBF827FA0BADAB" blockId="2.[151,1436,1843,2012]" pageId="2">
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||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC61FFF7CFDBF827FCA2ADCF" bold="true" box="[199,821,1951,1976]" pageId="2">Comparative material of other species examined.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC61FFF7CC5FF827FABBADCF" authority="? Lamarck, 1801" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[835,1324,1951,1976]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="2" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
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<emphasis id="B9042759FC61FFF7CC5FF827FBCBADC0" box="[835,1116,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="2">Cassidulus caribaearum</emphasis>
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||
?
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC61FFF7CB6BF827FABBADCF" box="[1143,1324,1951,1976]" pageId="2" refId="ref11555" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de (1801) Systeme des animaux sans vertebres, ou tableau general des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; presentant leurs caracteres essentiels et leur distribution, d'apres la consideration de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et suivant l'arrangement etabli dans les galeries du Museum d'hist. naturelle, parmi leurs depouilles conservees; precede du discours d'ouverture de cours de zoologie donne dans le Museum national d'histoire naturelle l'an 8 de la Republique. Chez l'auteur & Deterville, Paris, 432 pp." type="book">Lamarck, 1801</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
: possibly Caribbean Sea (MNHN-IE-2013-10590 [
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<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC61FFF7CD6EF87CFD4FADAB" box="[626,728,1988,2012]" pageId="2" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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||
?]);
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<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC61FFF7CC1FF87BFCFEADAB" box="[771,873,1987,2012]" name="British Virgin Islands" pageId="2">Anegada</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC61FFF7CC66F87BFBEFADAB" box="[890,1144,1987,2012]" name="British Virgin Islands" pageId="2">British Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
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, TL
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<quantity id="4C8856AEFC61FFF7CBA4F87CFAA1ADAC" box="[1208,1334,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" unit="mm" value="24.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="18.0">18–30 mm</quantity>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED61638EFC61FFF7CA55F87CFA0BADAB" box="[1353,1436,1988,2012]" pageId="2">CASIZ</collectionCode>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC60FFF6CF8BFF2FFD4CAA8F" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="3">
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<date id="FFCEDD8BFC60FFF6CF8BFF2FFF7AAAC7" box="[151,237,151,176]" pageId="3" value="33-11-26">112633</date>
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,
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<date id="FFCEDD8BFC60FFF6CFE3FF2FFEC2AAC7" box="[255,341,151,176]" pageId="3" value="38-11-26">112638</date>
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,
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<date id="FFCEDD8BFC60FFF6CE74FF2FFE28AAC7" box="[360,447,151,176]" pageId="3" value="83-11-26">112683</date>
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A–B).
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<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC60FFF6CD12FF20FC5DAAC7" authority="Mortensen, 1948 b" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1948" box="[526,970,151,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus">
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<emphasis id="B9042759FC60FFF6CD12FF20FD73AAC7" box="[526,740,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3">Cassidulus infidus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC60FFF6CDEFFF20FC5DAAC7" box="[755,970,151,176]" pageId="3" refId="ref12086" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) New Echinoida (Cassiduloida; Clypeasteroida). Uidenskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 111, 67 - 72." type="journal article">Mortensen, 1948b</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: Salvador–BA, Brazil, TL
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<quantity id="4C8856AEFC60FFF6CA09FF2FFA0BAAD8" box="[1301,1436,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="10.25" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="7.5">7.5–13 mm</quantity>
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(SMNH 4859 [H], UFBA 314, 757).
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<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC60FFF6CD4EFF04FC36AAA2" authority="Krau, 1954" authorityName="Krau" authorityYear="1954" box="[594,929,188,213]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mitis">
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||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC60FFF6CD4EFF04FC87AAA3" box="[594,784,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3">Cassidulus mitis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC60FFF6CC07FF05FC36AAA2" box="[795,929,188,213]" pageId="3" refId="ref11374" refString="Krau, L. (1954) Nova especie de ourico do mar: Cassidulus mitis, ordem Cassiduloida, Echinoidea, capturado na Baia de Sepetiba. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 52 (2), 455 - 475. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761954000200013" type="journal article">Krau, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
: Rio de Janeiro–RJ, Brazil, TL
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||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC60FFF6CA03FF04FA0BAAA3" box="[1311,1436,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="36.0" valueMax="46.0" valueMin="26.0">26–46 mm</quantity>
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||
(CASIZ 116110, MNRJ 3673–3674, ZUEC 11–12).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FABC3FC60FFF6CF8BFACEFB7BAFDC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457569/files/figure.png" pageId="3" startId="3.[151,250,1398,1420]" targetBox="[190,1396,301,1376]" targetPageId="3">
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||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC60FFF6CF8BFACEFB7BAFDC" blockId="3.[151,1435,1397,1451]" pageId="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC60FFF6CF8BFACEFE85AFFB" bold="true" box="[151,274,1398,1420]" pageId="3">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC60FFF6CE04FACEFE75AFFB" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[280,482,1398,1420]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="briareus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC60FFF6CE04FACEFE75AFFB" box="[280,482,1398,1420]" italics="true" pageId="3">Cassidulus briareus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC60FFF6CEF4FACDFDA9AFFB" box="[488,574,1397,1420]" pageId="3" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC60FFF6CEF4FACDFDA9AFFB" bold="true" box="[488,574,1397,1420]" pageId="3">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MP 1267 MNHWU): test of holotype in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, and (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes; and test of paratype in (D) aboral and (E) posterior view. Scale bars: A–E, 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC60FFF6CFDBFA6BFC95AC2F" pageId="3" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC60FFF6CFDBFA6BFC95AC2F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1491,1984]" pageId="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC60FFF6CFDBFA6BFED6AF9B" bold="true" box="[199,321,1491,1516]" pageId="3">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Test arched in cross section, greatest height at apical disc. Anterior region of test very inflated. Paired petals with unequal columns of respiratory podia. Naked zone along oral midline developed and pitted. Phyllodes without occluded plates. Peristome and periproct transverse. Three interambulacral plates on each side of periproct. Basicoronal plate 5 narrow and elongated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC60FFF6CFDBF9DBFB0FACD7" pageId="3" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC60FFF6CFDBF9DBFB0FACD7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1491,1984]" pageId="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC60FFF6CFDBF9DBFED9AC0B" bold="true" box="[199,334,1635,1660]" pageId="3">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named after Briareus, the Greek God of violent sea storms, in reference to the turbulent taxonomic history related to the specimens described herein (see taxonomic history below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC60FFF0CFDBF913FABEAFEA" lastPageId="5" pageId="3" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC60FFF6CFDBF913FBDBAD58" blockId="3.[151,1437,1491,1984]" pageId="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC60FFF6CFDBF913FECEACB3" bold="true" box="[199,345,1707,1732]" pageId="3">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Test oval (TW 79% of TL), lateral edges straight, anterior and posterior margins round; anterior and posterior regions of aboral region inflated with greatest height at apical disc, transverse cross section domed; oral region concave along the midline of the anterior-posterior axis. Test measurements (TL * TW * TH in mm): 18.36 * 14.52 * 10.4 (H) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC60FFF6CEA7F8AFFDA4AD58" box="[443,563,1815,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,301,1376]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[190,1396,301,1376]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU): test of holotype in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, and (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes; and test of paratype in (D) aboral and (E) posterior view. Scale bars: A–E, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457569/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and 18.2 *
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC60FFF6CDA3F8A0FD77AD58" box="[703,736,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="3">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
14.3 *
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC60FFF6CC28F8A0FCC1AD58" box="[820,854,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="3">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
10.4 (P) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC60FFF6CCDAF8AFFBD7AD58" box="[966,1088,1815,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,301,1376]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[190,1396,301,1376]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU): test of holotype in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, and (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes; and test of paratype in (D) aboral and (E) posterior view. Scale bars: A–E, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457569/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 1D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC60FFF6CFDBF883FEC9ADB7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1491,1984]" pageId="3">
|
||
Apical disc anterior, monobasal,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC60FFF6CD26F884FDC2AD24" box="[570,597,1852,1875]" italics="true" pageId="3">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 9.5% of TL, flat, with four gonopores on disc edge; hydropores abundant and spread across plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC60FFF6CEB0F8E7FD90AD00" box="[428,519,1887,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU; all from holotype except B, F–H): (A–D, G–H) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (E–F, I–L) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B–D) internal view of petals I–III, respectively, (E) plates beyond ambulacrum V, (F) periproct (internal view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (G) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, (H) longitudinal section of phyllode III (arrows indicate sphaeridia), and (I–L) internal views of the phyllodes V, II–IV, respectively. Scale bars: A–L, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457571/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior ocular plates between their adjacent gonopores; posterior ocular plates large and slightly posterior to gonopores 1 and 4; posterior region of apical disc slightly bulging towards interambulacrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FABC3FC67FFF1CF8BF8FDFD44ADA1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457571/files/figure.png" pageId="4" startId="4.[151,250,1861,1883]" targetBox="[198,1370,193,1819]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC67FFF1CF8BF8FDFD44ADA1" blockId="4.[151,1436,1860,2006]" pageId="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC67FFF1CF8BF8FDFE84AD2D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1861,1883]" pageId="4">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC67FFF1CE05F8FDFE73AD2C" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[281,484,1861,1883]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="briareus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC67FFF1CE05F8FDFE73AD2C" box="[281,484,1861,1883]" italics="true" pageId="4">Cassidulus briareus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC67FFF1CEF7F8FCFDD7AD2C" box="[491,576,1860,1883]" pageId="4" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC67FFF1CEF7F8FCFDD7AD2C" bold="true" box="[491,576,1860,1883]" pageId="4">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MP 1267 MNHWU; all from holotype except B, F–H): (A–D, G–H) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (E–F, I–L) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B–D) internal view of petals I–III, respectively, (E) plates beyond ambulacrum V, (F) periproct (internal view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (G) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, (H) longitudinal section of phyllode III (arrows indicate sphaeridia), and (I–L) internal views of the phyllodes V, II–IV, respectively. Scale bars: A–L, 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC66FFF0CFDBFF2FFF29AB83" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5">
|
||
Petalodium about 75% of TL. Petals roughly with same L and W, broad in the middle and narrow distally, but not closing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC66FFF0CE30FF04FE3BAAA3" box="[300,428,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU; all from holotype except B, F–H): (A–D, G–H) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (E–F, I–L) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B–D) internal view of petals I–III, respectively, (E) plates beyond ambulacrum V, (F) periproct (internal view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (G) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, (H) longitudinal section of phyllode III (arrows indicate sphaeridia), and (I–L) internal views of the phyllodes V, II–IV, respectively. Scale bars: A–L, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457571/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 2B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
); inner and outer columns of respiratory podia bowed; poriferous zone narrow, pores slightly conjugated; outer pores elongated, inner pores round and smaller than outer. Columns
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CBA3FF59FB5AAA8F" box="[1215,1229,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="5">a</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CA18FF58FA85AA8F" box="[1284,1298,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5">b</emphasis>
|
||
of posterior petals differ by 2 pore-pairs (number of respiratory podia in P: petal I, 21/23; petal V, 24/22), of anterior paired petals differ by 1–2 pore-pairs (number of respiratory podia in H: petal II, 21/20; petal IV, 18/20), anterior petal is equal (H: petal III, 21/21 respiratory podia). Primary tubercles present in poriferous zone; 3, sometimes 4 primary tubercles per petal plate. No occluded plates in petals. Ambulacra beyond petals increase 60–90% in relation to end-petal W; unipores in plates beyond petals: aboral plates wider than long, pores on suture, between adradial edge and middle of plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC66FFF0CEA7FE0FFD85ABA7" box="[443,530,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU; all from holotype except B, F–H): (A–D, G–H) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (E–F, I–L) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B–D) internal view of petals I–III, respectively, (E) plates beyond ambulacrum V, (F) periproct (internal view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (G) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, (H) longitudinal section of phyllode III (arrows indicate sphaeridia), and (I–L) internal views of the phyllodes V, II–IV, respectively. Scale bars: A–L, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457571/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and oral plates about
|
||
<date id="FFCEDD8BFC66FFF0CC0AFE00FCA5ABA7" box="[790,818,440,464]" pageId="5">2x</date>
|
||
longer than wide, pores on middle of plate suture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC66FFF0CA73FE0FFF25AB83" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU; all from holotype except B, F–H): (A–D, G–H) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (E–F, I–L) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B–D) internal view of petals I–III, respectively, (E) plates beyond ambulacrum V, (F) periproct (internal view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (G) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, (H) longitudinal section of phyllode III (arrows indicate sphaeridia), and (I–L) internal views of the phyllodes V, II–IV, respectively. Scale bars: A–L, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457571/files/figure.png" pageId="5">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFCEDD8BFC66FFF0CF8BFE64FF25AB83" box="[151,178,476,500]" pageId="5">2I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC66FFF0CFDBFE47FA0BA8BB" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5">
|
||
Phyllodes with unipores, with only one column of pores on each half (number of phyllopores per half: anterior phyllode 5–6, paired phyllodes 7–9) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC66FFF0CD4DFD9CFD47A84B" box="[593,720,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU; all from holotype except B, F–H): (A–D, G–H) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (E–F, I–L) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B–D) internal view of petals I–III, respectively, (E) plates beyond ambulacrum V, (F) periproct (internal view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (G) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, (H) longitudinal section of phyllode III (arrows indicate sphaeridia), and (I–L) internal views of the phyllodes V, II–IV, respectively. Scale bars: A–L, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457571/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 2G–L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Plates sometimes unequal in size and shape; pyrinoid plate present on phyllode II, between plates 5 and 6 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC66FFF0CDA2FDFFFCA6A817" box="[702,817,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU; all from holotype except B, F–H): (A–D, G–H) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (E–F, I–L) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B–D) internal view of petals I–III, respectively, (E) plates beyond ambulacrum V, (F) periproct (internal view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (G) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, (H) longitudinal section of phyllode III (arrows indicate sphaeridia), and (I–L) internal views of the phyllodes V, II–IV, respectively. Scale bars: A–L, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457571/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 2G, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Columns slightly bowed proximally and W narrows down distally. Pores usually aligned in a uniform column. Buccal pores same size as phyllopores. Ambulacral basicoronal plates pierced by buccal pore and one per ambulacrum also pierced by a phyllopore in the sequence a, a, b, a, b from phyllode I to V (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC66FFF0CEECFD0CFDDDA8BB" box="[496,586,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU; all from holotype except B, F–H): (A–D, G–H) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (E–F, I–L) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B–D) internal view of petals I–III, respectively, (E) plates beyond ambulacrum V, (F) periproct (internal view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (G) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, (H) longitudinal section of phyllode III (arrows indicate sphaeridia), and (I–L) internal views of the phyllodes V, II–IV, respectively. Scale bars: A–L, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457571/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Four to 5 sphaeridia in large and enclosed pits near buccal pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC66FFF0CA2AFD0CFA07A8BB" box="[1334,1424,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU; all from holotype except B, F–H): (A–D, G–H) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (E–F, I–L) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B–D) internal view of petals I–III, respectively, (E) plates beyond ambulacrum V, (F) periproct (internal view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (G) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, (H) longitudinal section of phyllode III (arrows indicate sphaeridia), and (I–L) internal views of the phyllodes V, II–IV, respectively. Scale bars: A–L, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457571/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC66FFF0CFDBFD6FFB42A92B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5">
|
||
Peristome anterior (34% TL from anterior region), deep (basicoronal plates extend further towards the inside of the test), slightly transverse (L 78–81% of W), pentagonal on the outside and subpentagonal on the inside (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC66FFF0CA73FD44FF2DA94F" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,301,1376]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[190,1396,301,1376]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU): test of holotype in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, and (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes; and test of paratype in (D) aboral and (E) posterior view. Scale bars: A–E, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457569/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mouth opening in center of peristomial membrane. Bourrelets slightly developed as mounds mostly towards the inside of the peristome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC66FFF0CED3FCFCFDCEA92B" box="[463,601,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,447,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[190,1396,447,1606]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. SRµCT-based volume renderings of bourrelets from (A–B) Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU [paratype]) and (C–F) Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): (A, C) oral view of test showing the peristome and part of the phyllodes I, III–V; dotted lines indicate region depicted in (B) and (D), i.e., cross section (x – x’ axis) of bourrelet 5 on the left, and of phyllode III on the right (the inside of the test is towards the top of the page); (E) frontal cross section (y – y’ axis) of test showing depression on bourrelets 2 and 3; and (F) internal view of test showing phyllodes I and V, and basicoronal 5 between them. AMB, ambulacrum; INT, interambulacrum. Scale bars: A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457587/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 10A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cross-section of bourrelet with
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CCD2FCFDFC78A92B" box="[974,1007,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="5">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
8 spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC66FFF0CB7DFCFCFB5FA92B" box="[1121,1224,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,447,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[190,1396,447,1606]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. SRµCT-based volume renderings of bourrelets from (A–B) Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU [paratype]) and (C–F) Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): (A, C) oral view of test showing the peristome and part of the phyllodes I, III–V; dotted lines indicate region depicted in (B) and (D), i.e., cross section (x – x’ axis) of bourrelet 5 on the left, and of phyllode III on the right (the inside of the test is towards the top of the page); (E) frontal cross section (y – y’ axis) of test showing depression on bourrelets 2 and 3; and (F) internal view of test showing phyllodes I and V, and basicoronal 5 between them. AMB, ambulacrum; INT, interambulacrum. Scale bars: A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457587/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC66FFF0CFDBFCDFFB9CAE43" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5">
|
||
Columns
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CE28FCD1FED5A9F7" box="[308,322,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="5">a</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CE60FCD0FE1DA9F7" box="[380,394,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5">b</emphasis>
|
||
of interambulacrum 5 with 7 and 8 plates between basicoronal plate and base of periproct, respectively, and 2 until adapical region of periproct (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CC32FC35FCCFA9D3" box="[814,856,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="5">i.e.,</emphasis>
|
||
periproct is framed by 3 plates on each side). Interambulacral basicoronal plates 1 and 4 very narrow (much reduced and occluded in one specimen), 2 and 3 broadest, 5 intermediate in size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC66FFF0CD1FFC6CFDC9A99B" box="[515,606,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU; all from holotype except B, F–H): (A–D, G–H) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (E–F, I–L) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B–D) internal view of petals I–III, respectively, (E) plates beyond ambulacrum V, (F) periproct (internal view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (G) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, (H) longitudinal section of phyllode III (arrows indicate sphaeridia), and (I–L) internal views of the phyllodes V, II–IV, respectively. Scale bars: A–L, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457571/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Second and third oral plates on interambulacrum 5 are much longer than wide. Naked zone well-developed throughout midline of test on interambulacrum 5 and ambulacrum III (W 22– 25% of TW) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC66FFF0CE28FBA4FE1DAE43" box="[308,394,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,301,1376]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[190,1396,301,1376]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU): test of holotype in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, and (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes; and test of paratype in (D) aboral and (E) posterior view. Scale bars: A–E, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457569/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Deep pits present in oral region, mostly on naked zone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC66FFF0CFDBFB87FAA4AEB2" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5">
|
||
Periproct marginal and transverse (L 46% of W), beyond posterior petals; aboral plates form a prominent lip, oral and lateral plates do not bend inside the periproct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC66FFF0CC3CFBDCFCEEAE0B" box="[800,889,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,301,1376]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[190,1396,301,1376]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU): test of holotype in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, and (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes; and test of paratype in (D) aboral and (E) posterior view. Scale bars: A–E, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457569/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Periproct framed adorally by plates 5.a.7 and 5.b.8, and adapically by plates 5.a.9 and 5.b.10. Periproctal membrane with 2 rows of 4 large plates; smaller plates scattered in aboral region near anus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC66FFF0CD28FB14FD1EAEB3" box="[564,649,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[198,1370,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU; all from holotype except B, F–H): (A–D, G–H) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (E–F, I–L) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B–D) internal view of petals I–III, respectively, (E) plates beyond ambulacrum V, (F) periproct (internal view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (G) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, (H) longitudinal section of phyllode III (arrows indicate sphaeridia), and (I–L) internal views of the phyllodes V, II–IV, respectively. Scale bars: A–L, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457571/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anus opening aborally, on center of periproctal membrane.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC66FFF0CFDBFB77FABEAFEA" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5">
|
||
Primary tubercles perforate and slightly crenulate. Oral primary tubercles with mamelon displaced in the opposite direction of the spine (usually anteriorly from center of bosses) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CB1EFB4DFB8BAF7B" box="[1026,1052,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="5">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 2.5x as large as aboral tubercles. Bourrelet spines curved and with thick tip, oral spines long and straight, aboral spines short and straight, spines on periproct thin, straight, and intermediate in size between oral and aboral spines. Miliary tubercles all over the test. Few tridentate pedicellariae on stalks (valves
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC66FFF0CDB7FAE7FCD3AF0F" box="[683,836,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.225" metricValueMax="2.25" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="5" unit="mm" value="222.5" valueMax="225.0" valueMin="220.0">220–225 mm</quantity>
|
||
L) on periproct. Because very little soft tissue was preserved on available specimens, ophicephalous pedicellariae and tube foot ossicles were not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC66FFF0CFDBFA1FFC70AC97" pageId="5" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC66FFF0CFDBFA1FFC70AC97" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CFDBFA1FFEACAFB7" bold="true" box="[199,315,1447,1472]" pageId="5">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC66FFF0CE59FA10FDBEAFB7" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[325,553,1448,1472]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="briareus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CE59FA10FDBEAFB7" box="[325,553,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5">Cassidulus briareus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC66FFF0CD28FA10FD1AAFC8" box="[564,653,1448,1471]" pageId="5" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CD28FA10FD1AAFC8" bold="true" box="[564,653,1448,1471]" pageId="5">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from its congeners (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CCC4FA10FB56AFB7" box="[984,1217,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5">
|
||
i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC66FFF0CB10FA10FB56AFB7" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[1036,1217,1448,1472]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">C. caribaearum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC66FFF0CBCFFA10FAD3AFB7" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1948" box="[1235,1348,1448,1472]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CBCFFA10FAD3AFB7" box="[1235,1348,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5">C. infidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC66FFF0CA9EFA10FF5AAF93" authorityName="Krau" authorityYear="1954" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CA9EFA10FF5AAF93" italics="true" pageId="5">C. mitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F2CEF0FC66FFF0CFFBFA74FEA9AF93" box="[231,318,1484,1509]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[147,224,587,608]" captionText="TABLE 2. Diagnostic morphological traits distinguishing the extant cassidulid species. Numbers in parentheses indicate rare occurrences." pageId="5">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) by having the anterior region of the test very inflated (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CCDDFA75FC4FAF93" box="[961,984,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. gradual height increase towards apical disc); a narrow and elongated basicoronal plate 5 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CDF8FA49FC95AC7F" box="[740,770,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
squarish shape); a subpentagonal to triangular peristome, from the inside of the test (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CEDBF9ADFE72AC5B" box="[455,485,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
subpentagonal to pentagonal); and a reduced number of plates framing the periproct (3
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CFAAF981FF42AC27" box="[182,213,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC66FFF0CFC1F980FE9DAC27" box="[221,266,1591,1616]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="5" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
the others [but rarely 3 plates on
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CD91F980FD0CAC27" box="[653,667,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5">b</emphasis>
|
||
column]). In addition, it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC66FFF0CB51F980FB68AC27" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[1101,1279,1592,1616]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CB51F980FB68AC27" box="[1101,1279,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having an arched test in cross section of the adult (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CD4BF9E5FDE1AC03" box="[599,630,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
triangular shape), shorter periproct, and more developed phyllodes with 2–3 more phyllopores than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC66FFF0CED3F938FD16ACEF" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[463,641,1664,1688]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CED3F938FD16ACEF" box="[463,641,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC66FFF0CDCCF938FCB0ACE0" authorityName="Krau" authorityYear="1954" box="[720,807,1664,1687]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CDCCF938FCB0ACE0" box="[720,807,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="5">C. mitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a uniform row of pores in the phyllodes (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CA61F939FA0BACEF" box="[1405,1436,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
disorganized row in which some pores are displaced forming an apparent inner series), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC66FFF0CA19F91CFAE1ACCB" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1948" box="[1285,1398,1700,1724]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CA19F91CFAE1ACCB" box="[1285,1398,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5">C. infidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having the greatest height at the apical disc (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CD96F971FD3FAC97" box="[650,680,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
posterior to the apical disc).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC66FFF3CFDBF953FBE4AB12" lastPageId="6" pageId="5" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC66FFF0CFDBF953FF78ADAA" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CFDBF953FB48AD72" bold="true" box="[199,1247,1771,1797]" pageId="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC66FFF0CFDBF953FE24AD73" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,435,1771,1796]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="briareus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CFDBF953FE24AD73" bold="true" box="[199,435,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5">Cassidulus briareus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC66FFF0CEDEF954FD88AD74" box="[450,543,1772,1795]" pageId="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and its historical context within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC66FFF0CB46F953FB4FAD73" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[1114,1240,1771,1796]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CB46F953FB4FAD73" bold="true" box="[1114,1240,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens described herein were formerly identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC66FFF0CDACF8A8FC69AD50" authority="Blv. To" authorityName="Blv. To" box="[688,1022,1807,1832]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CDACF8A8FC0DAD5F" box="[688,922,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5">Cassidulus australis</emphasis>
|
||
Blv. To
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
our knowledge, Blainville did not describe any living species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC66FFF0CEE8F88CFDF8AD3B" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[500,623,1844,1868]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CEE8F88CFDF8AD3B" box="[500,623,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in his papers, he acknowledged Lamarck as author of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC66FFF0CA0BF88CFA0BAD3B" box="[1303,1436,1844,1868]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CA0BF88CFA0BAD3B" box="[1303,1436,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC66FFF0CFD7F8EFFE14AD07" box="[203,387,1879,1904]" pageId="5" refId="ref10564" refString="Blainville, H. M. de (1830) Zoophytes. In: Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traitre methodiquement des differens etres de la nature, consideres soit en eux-memes, d'apres l'etat actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement a l'utlite qu'en peuvent retirer la medicine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Edited by F. G. Levrault. Uol. 60. Le Normant, Paris, 631 pp." type="book">Blainville, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 192; 1834, p. 210). This species was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC66FFF0CCF8F8EFFB0EAD07" box="[996,1177,1879,1904]" pageId="5" refId="ref11662" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Uol. 3. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp." type="book">Lamarck (1816)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but later considered to be invalid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC66FFF0CE05F8C4FE0BADE2" box="[281,412,1916,1941]" pageId="5" refId="ref11059" refString="Gray, J. E. (1855) Catalogue of the Recent Echinida, or sea eggs, in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Echinida Irregularia. Order of the Trustees, London, 69 pp." type="book">Gray, 1855</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 34;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC66FFF0CEE8F8C4FD2DADE3" box="[500,698,1916,1941]" pageId="5" refId="ref10372" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872 - 1874) Revision of the echini. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 3, 383 - 762." type="journal article">
|
||
A. Agassiz,
|
||
<date id="FFCEDD8BFC66FFF0CD9DF8C4FD2DADE3" box="[641,698,1916,1940]" pageId="5" value="1872" valueMax="1874">1872</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1874, p. 153;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC66FFF0CC74F8C5FBA0ADE3" box="[872,1079,1916,1940]" pageId="5" refId="ref12053" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. IU. 1. Holectypoida, Cassiduloida. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 363 pp." type="book">Mortensen, 1948a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 209–210). Here we provide information on the taxonomic history of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC66FFF0CDD1F818FCDFADCF" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[717,840,1952,1976]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC66FFF0CDD1F818FCDFADCF" box="[717,840,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that was pertinent in the decision to describe the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC65FFF3CFDBFF2FFBE4AB12" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CFDBFF2FFD9EAAC7" box="[199,521,151,176]" pageId="6" refId="ref11555" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de (1801) Systeme des animaux sans vertebres, ou tableau general des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; presentant leurs caracteres essentiels et leur distribution, d'apres la consideration de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et suivant l'arrangement etabli dans les galeries du Museum d'hist. naturelle, parmi leurs depouilles conservees; precede du discours d'ouverture de cours de zoologie donne dans le Museum national d'histoire naturelle l'an 8 de la Republique. Chez l'auteur & Deterville, Paris, 432 pp." type="book">Lamarck (1801, p. 348–349)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CD9FFF20FCA2AAC7" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[643,821,152,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CD9FFF20FCA2AAC7" box="[643,821,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CB56FF20FB52AAC7" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[1098,1221,152,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CB56FF20FB52AAC7" box="[1098,1221,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, without recording the repository of the holotype or the type locality of the species. The latter was assumed to be the Caribbean, given the name of the species and also because Lamarck mentioned Spanish Town (near Kingston, Jamaica) in a later publication (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CE3FFEBCFD82AB6A" box="[291,533,260,285]" pageId="6" refId="ref11662" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Uol. 3. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp." type="book">Lamarck, 1816, p. 35</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). He (1801, p. 349) also made reference to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CCEAFEBCFB79AB6B" box="[1014,1262,260,285]" pageId="6" refId="ref10672" refString="Bruguiere, J. - G., Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. G. & Muller, O. F. (1827) Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois regnes de la nature: vers, coquilles, mollusques et polypiers. Uol. 2. Chez Mme veuve Agasse, Paris, 219 pls. [pls. 96 - 314] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63299" type="book chapter">
|
||
Bruguière
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CB70FEBDFB34AB6B" box="[1132,1187,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1827
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 143, fig. 8– 10), which includes illustrations of the specimen that, although of poor quality and lacking detail, captured the triangular shape of the test in cross section and the shape of the periproct and peristome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC65FFFDCFDBFEC8FCFBAAA2" lastPageId="8" pageId="6" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC65FFF3CFDBFEC8FB1FA84A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
In 1816 (p. 35), Lamarck described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CD98FEC8FC99ABFF" box="[644,782,368,392]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CD98FEC8FC99ABFF" box="[644,782,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on specimens supposedly collected by Charles Alexandre Lesueur and François Péron during the Baudin Expedition (
|
||
<date id="FFCEDD8BFC65FFF3CCFBFE2CFBFFABDB" box="[999,1128,404,428]" pageId="6" value="1801" valueMax="1803">1801–1803</date>
|
||
) in Shark’s Bay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B435A9FC65FFF3CA5DFE2DFF69ABA7" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="6">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B435A9FC65FFF3CA5DFE2DFA0BABDB" box="[1345,1436,405,428]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="6">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC65FFF3CF8BFE0FFF69ABA7" box="[151,254,439,464]" name="Australia" pageId="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
(as “baie des Chiens marins,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC65FFF3CD77FE0FFCDDABA7" box="[619,842,439,464]" name="Australia" pageId="6">Nouvelle-Hollande</collectingCountry>
|
||
”). This description was slightly different from the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CE26FE64FE7BAB83" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[314,492,476,500]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CE26FE64FE7BAB83" box="[314,492,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, Lamarck mentioned that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CC9AFE64FB9DAB83" box="[902,1034,476,500]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CC9AFE64FB9DAB83" box="[902,1034,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occurred in the Caribbean and included in his synonymy list
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CD1AFE47FC85A86F" box="[518,786,511,536]" pageId="6" refId="ref10672" refString="Bruguiere, J. - G., Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. G. & Muller, O. F. (1827) Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois regnes de la nature: vers, coquilles, mollusques et polypiers. Uol. 2. Chez Mme veuve Agasse, Paris, 219 pls. [pls. 96 - 314] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63299" type="book chapter">
|
||
Bruguière
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CD9FFDB9FD56A86F" box="[643,705,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1827
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 143, fig. 8–10), which means this species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CA9EFDB8FEBFA84B" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CA9EFDB8FEBFA84B" italics="true" pageId="6">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are synonyms. Again, he failed to record where the specimen was deposited.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC65FFF3CFDBFDFFFB5FA962" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
Shortly afterwards,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CEB3FDF0FD5CA817" box="[431,715,584,608]" pageId="6" refId="ref11775" refString="Lamouroux, M. M., Saint-Vincent, B. & Deslongchamps, E. (1824) Encyclopedie methodique: histoire naturelle des zoophytes, ou animaux rayonnes. Uol. 2. Chez Mme veuve Agasse, Paris, 819 pp." type="book">
|
||
Lamouroux
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CD22FDF1FDEBA817" box="[574,636,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1824
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 174) synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CCC2FDF0FB02A817" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[990,1173,584,608]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CCC2FDF0FB02A817" box="[990,1173,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CBC3FDF0FAF0A817" box="[1247,1383,584,608]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CBC3FDF0FAF0A817" box="[1247,1383,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and redescribed the species. They also suggested re-naming the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CCBEFDD4FB88A8F3" box="[930,1055,620,644]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="richardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CCBEFDD4FB88A8F3" box="[930,1055,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. richardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in honor of the person who had collected the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC65FFF3CE30FD28FECBA8DF" box="[300,348,656,680]" pageId="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CE9EFD28FDA3A8DF" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[386,564,656,680]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CE9EFD28FDA3A8DF" box="[386,564,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and mentioned that it was not clear that the specimen collected by Péron and Lesueur was the same as the one described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CDA7FD0CFCE1A8BA" box="[699,886,692,717]" pageId="6" refId="ref11662" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Uol. 3. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp." type="book">Lamarck (1816)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Their description stated that the specimen was “rather convex above”, which matches the shape of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CC0DFD60FC60A887" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[785,1015,728,752]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="briareus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CC0DFD60FC60A887" box="[785,1015,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6">Cassidulus briareus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC65FFF3CB18FD60FBF7A898" box="[1028,1120,728,751]" pageId="6" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CB18FD60FBF7A898" bold="true" box="[1028,1120,728,751]" pageId="6">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, but the test shape in the illustration is more similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CD2EFD44FD73A963" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[562,740,764,788]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CD2EFD44FD73A963" box="[562,740,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(triangular shape seen in large specimens).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC65FFF3CFDBFCA7FB53A9B0" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
All subsequent publications involving the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CC1CFC98FCECA94F" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[768,891,800,824]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CC1CFC98FCECA94F" box="[768,891,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including the ones by Lamarck) accepted the synonymy proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CEB5FCFDFD53A92B" box="[425,708,836,860]" pageId="6" refId="ref11775" refString="Lamouroux, M. M., Saint-Vincent, B. & Deslongchamps, E. (1824) Encyclopedie methodique: histoire naturelle des zoophytes, ou animaux rayonnes. Uol. 2. Chez Mme veuve Agasse, Paris, 819 pp." type="book">
|
||
Lamouroux
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CD28FCFDFDF8A92B" box="[564,623,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1824)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, although any of the three names (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CB48FCFCFA9FA92B" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[1108,1288,836,860]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CB48FCFCFA9FA92B" box="[1108,1288,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CA0BFCFCFA0BA92B" box="[1303,1436,836,860]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CA0BFCFCFA0BA92B" box="[1303,1436,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CFDAFCD0FED5A9F7" box="[198,322,872,896]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="richardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CFDAFCD0FED5A9F7" box="[198,322,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. richardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was used for the species (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CD6EFCD1FD36A9F7" box="[626,673,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="6">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CDB4FCDFFCCCA9F7" box="[680,859,871,896]" pageId="6" refId="ref10926" refString="Eichwald, E. (1829) Zoologia specialis quam expositis animalibus tum vivis, tum fossilibus potissimum Rossiae in universum et Poloniae in specie. Uol. 1. J. Zawadzki, Vilnius, 314 pp." type="book">Eichwald, 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CC7BFCDFFB88A9F7" box="[871,1055,871,896]" pageId="6" refId="ref10564" refString="Blainville, H. M. de (1830) Zoophytes. In: Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traitre methodiquement des differens etres de la nature, consideres soit en eux-memes, d'apres l'etat actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement a l'utlite qu'en peuvent retirer la medicine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Edited by F. G. Levrault. Uol. 60. Le Normant, Paris, 631 pp." type="book">Blainville, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CB36FCD0FBF2A9F7" box="[1066,1125,872,896]" pageId="6" refId="ref10645" refString="Blainville, H. M. de (1834) Manuel d'Actinologie ou de Zoophytologie. F. G. Levrault, Strasbourg, 694 pp." type="book">1834</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CB6DFCDFFA89A9F7" box="[1137,1310,871,896]" pageId="6" refId="ref11697" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de (1837) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Uol. 1. Meline, Cans et Compagnie, Bruxelles, 670 pp." type="book">Lamarck, 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CA36FCD0FAF2A9F7" box="[1322,1381,872,896]" pageId="6" refId="ref11736" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de (1840) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Uol. 3. J. B. Bailliere, Paris, 770 pp." type="book">1840</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CA6DFCD0FED6A9D2" pageId="6" refId="ref10895" refString="Des Moulins, C. (1835 - 1837) Etudes sur les echinides. Actes de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux, 7 / 9, 1 - 518." type="journal article">
|
||
Des Moulins,
|
||
<date id="FFCEDD8BFC65FFF3CE14FC34FED6A9D2" box="[264,321,908,933]" pageId="6" value="1835" valueMax="1837">1835</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1837;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CE87FC34FDFDA9D2" box="[411,618,908,933]" pageId="6" refId="ref10330" refString="Agassiz, A. (1869) Preliminary report on the echini and star-fishes dredged in deep water between Cuba and the Florida Reef. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 1 (9), 253 - 308." type="journal article">A. Agassiz, 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CD60FC35FCC6A9D2" box="[636,849,908,933]" pageId="6" refId="ref12086" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) New Echinoida (Cassiduloida; Clypeasteroida). Uidenskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 111, 67 - 72." type="journal article">Mortensen, 1948b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CC7EFC34FC6AA9D2" box="[866,1021,908,933]" pageId="6" refId="ref12014" refString="Mooi, R. (1990 b) Living cassiduloids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): a key and annotated list. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 130 (1), 63 - 85." type="journal article">Mooi, 1990b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The occurrence of the species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC65FFF3CF8BFC17FF69A9BF" box="[151,254,943,968]" name="Australia" pageId="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
was often disregarded even though Lamarck kept including this locality in his papers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC65FFF3CFDBFC6DFCE4AE0A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CFDBFC6DFDCDA99A" box="[199,602,980,1005]" pageId="6" refId="ref10400" refString="Agassiz, L. & Desor, E. (1847) Catalogue raisonne des especes, des genres et des familles d'echinides. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, 3 (7), 129 - 168." type="journal article">L. Agassiz & Desor (1847, p. 157)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
finally indicated that there was a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CB67FC6CFA97A99B" box="[1147,1280,980,1004]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CB67FC6CFA97A99B" box="[1147,1280,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(possibly the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC65FFF3CF8BFC4FFF6CAE67" box="[151,251,1015,1040]" pageId="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) in the MNHN; and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CEE5FC40FD58AE67" box="[505,719,1015,1040]" pageId="6" refId="ref12086" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) New Echinoida (Cassiduloida; Clypeasteroida). Uidenskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 111, 67 - 72." type="journal article">Mortensen (1948b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 209–210) suggested that the occurrence of the species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC65FFF3CF8BFBA4FF69AE42" box="[151,254,1052,1077]" name="Australia" pageId="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
was probably a result of “erroneous labeling”. His reasoning was that if the species occurred in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC65FFF3CA33FBA4FA0FAE42" box="[1327,1432,1052,1077]" name="Australia" pageId="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, more specimens would have been collected during the intervening 150 years; logic that makes sense for many taxa. This species, however, appears to be less common than expected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC65FFF3CFDBFB3FFA11AF7A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CFDBFB3FFE0CAED7" box="[199,411,1159,1184]" pageId="6" refId="ref12776" refString="Vadon, C., De Ridder, C., Guille, A. & Jangoux, M. (1984) Les types d'echinides actuels (echinodermes) du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 6 (4), 1 - 38." type="journal article">
|
||
Vadon
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CE08FB31FEDCAED7" box="[276,331,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1984)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that they did not find the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC65FFF3CC2FFB30FCF5AED7" box="[819,866,1160,1184]" pageId="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CC9AFB30FBA3AED7" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[902,1076,1160,1184]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CC9AFB30FBA3AED7" box="[902,1076,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the MNHN and that Lamarck probably described the same specimen twice. The label retained the name used last,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CB75FB15FA88AEB3" box="[1129,1311,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6">
|
||
i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CB80FB14FA88AEB3" box="[1180,1311,1196,1220]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">C. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CF8BFB77FED8AE9F" box="[151,335,1231,1256]" pageId="6" refId="ref11662" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Uol. 3. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp." type="book">Lamarck (1816)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
clearly mentioned that they were specimens from different localities. In addition, Lamarck’s descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CE23FB4CFE7CAF7B" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[319,491,1268,1292]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CE23FB4CFE7CAF7B" box="[319,491,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CD23FB4CFD29AF7B" box="[575,702,1268,1292]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CD23FB4CFD29AF7B" box="[575,702,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were slightly different, although both were somewhat imprecise.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC65FFF3CFDBFAAFFC27AC7F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CFDBFAAFFCF9AF47" bold="true" box="[199,878,1303,1328]" pageId="6">
|
||
Possible
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC65FFF3CE2CFAAFFEF4AF47" box="[304,355,1303,1328]" pageId="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CD1EFAAFFD2FAF47" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[514,696,1303,1328]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CD1EFAAFFD2FAF47" bold="true" box="[514,696,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the MNHN.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Following up on this debate, we believe that the vial identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CE41FA84FD86AF23" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[349,529,1340,1364]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CE41FA84FD86AF23" box="[349,529,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the MNHN (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC65FFF3CDD5FA84FC98AF23" box="[713,783,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1228,1250]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,193,1207]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[190,1396,193,1207]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cassidulus caribaearum (?) (MNHN-IE-2013-10590 [syntype?]): photos of (A) internal and (B) external view of oral region of carapace; (C) part of the aboral region of carapace showing petal II or V (according to the position of smaller column of pore-pairs); (D) detail of phyllode I, arrows indicate sphaeridiae in enclosed pits; and drawings of internal view of phyllodes (E) V and (F) III, and (G) petal depicted in (C). Scale bars: A–C, 5 mm; D, 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457573/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, MNHN-IE-2013-10590 [
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC65FFF3CB2AFA84FB02AF23" box="[1078,1173,1340,1364]" pageId="6" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
?]; previously as EcEs 5040) might contain the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC65FFF3CEA8FAD8FE73AF0F" box="[436,484,1376,1400]" pageId="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of one of the species described by Lamarck or perhaps even of both species. Two labels in the vial provide different identifications: one is identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CCAFFA3CFBA0AFEB" box="[947,1079,1412,1436]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CCAFFA3CFBA0AFEB" box="[947,1079,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the other (label apparently younger and written by A. Agassiz) is identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CDC9FA10FBB7AFB7" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[725,1056,1448,1472]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Rhyncholampas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CDC9FA10FBB7AFB7" box="[725,1056,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6">Rhyncholampas caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CB79FA10FB7FAFB7" box="[1125,1256,1448,1472]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CB79FA10FB7FAFB7" box="[1125,1256,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CA02FA10FF65AF93" class="Echinoidea" family="Nucleolitidae" genus="Nucleolites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="richardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CA02FA10FF65AF93" italics="true" pageId="6">Nucleolites richardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonyms. Also, both labels refer to the “Voyage de Péron & Lesueur 1801”, which indicates the material was from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC65FFF3CE76FA57FE47AC7F" box="[362,464,1519,1544]" name="Australia" pageId="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
rather than the Caribbean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CC1EFA48FC33AC7F" box="[770,932,1520,1544]" pageId="6" refId="ref11919" refString="MNHN (2017) Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (France). Collection: Echinoderms (IE). Specimen MNHN-IE- 2013 - 10590. Accessed from: http: // coldb. mnhn. fr / catalognumber / mnhn / ie / 2013 - 10590 (accessed 17 July 2018)" type="url">MNHN, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC65FFF3CFDBF9ACFB6FAD72" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
This vial contains broken pieces of two specimens as indicated by the fact that there are six complete phyllodes (one entire set and an additional broken phyllode). The following traits characterize them as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CBC4F980FAC4AC27" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[1240,1363,1592,1616]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CBC4F980FAC4AC27" box="[1240,1363,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: petal unequal in length (only one present, not sure if anterior or posterior;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC65FFF3CCC0F9E4FBF7AC03" box="[988,1120,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1228,1250]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,193,1207]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[190,1396,193,1207]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cassidulus caribaearum (?) (MNHN-IE-2013-10590 [syntype?]): photos of (A) internal and (B) external view of oral region of carapace; (C) part of the aboral region of carapace showing petal II or V (according to the position of smaller column of pore-pairs); (D) detail of phyllode I, arrows indicate sphaeridiae in enclosed pits; and drawings of internal view of phyllodes (E) V and (F) III, and (G) petal depicted in (C). Scale bars: A–C, 5 mm; D, 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457573/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 3C, G</figureCitation>
|
||
), peristome transverse and subpentagonal (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE449D8CFC65FFF3CE56F938FE37ACEF" box="[330,416,1664,1688]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" precision="555" value="-3.39">
|
||
W
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC65FFF3CE73F938FE37ACEF" box="[367,416,1664,1688]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.39" pageId="6" unit="mm" value="3.39">3.39</quantity>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm, L
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC65FFF3CD1DF938FDFCACEF" box="[513,619,1664,1688]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" pageId="6" unit="mm" value="2.18">2.18 mm</quantity>
|
||
), buccal pores present, sphaeridia in enclosed pits (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC65FFF3CBA0F9C7FA8FACEF" box="[1212,1304,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1228,1250]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,193,1207]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[190,1396,193,1207]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cassidulus caribaearum (?) (MNHN-IE-2013-10590 [syntype?]): photos of (A) internal and (B) external view of oral region of carapace; (C) part of the aboral region of carapace showing petal II or V (according to the position of smaller column of pore-pairs); (D) detail of phyllode I, arrows indicate sphaeridiae in enclosed pits; and drawings of internal view of phyllodes (E) V and (F) III, and (G) petal depicted in (C). Scale bars: A–C, 5 mm; D, 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457573/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
), phyllodes with a single column of phyllopores per half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC65FFF3CDBFF91CFC8BACCB" box="[675,796,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1228,1250]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,193,1207]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[190,1396,193,1207]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cassidulus caribaearum (?) (MNHN-IE-2013-10590 [syntype?]): photos of (A) internal and (B) external view of oral region of carapace; (C) part of the aboral region of carapace showing petal II or V (according to the position of smaller column of pore-pairs); (D) detail of phyllode I, arrows indicate sphaeridiae in enclosed pits; and drawings of internal view of phyllodes (E) V and (F) III, and (G) petal depicted in (C). Scale bars: A–C, 5 mm; D, 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457573/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 3D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
), naked zone developed and deeply pitted, mamelons of oral primary tubercles displaced from center. Additional characteristics are: posterior phyllodes and phyllode III with 5–6 pores, anterior paired phyllodes with 6–7 pores, plates beyond phyllodes longer than wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC65FFF3CFDBF8B7FB3AADAB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6">
|
||
Basicoronal plate 5 seems more elongated than in specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CCDEF8A8FBEFAD5F" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[962,1144,1808,1832]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Rhyncholampas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CCDEF8A8FBEFAD5F" box="[962,1144,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
preserved in the CASIZ collection (CASIZ
|
||
<date id="FFCEDD8BFC65FFF3CE6AF88CFE5BAD3A" box="[374,460,1844,1869]" pageId="6" value="33-11-26">112633</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCEDD8BFC65FFF3CEC7F88CFDB8AD3A" box="[475,559,1844,1869]" pageId="6" value="83-11-26">112683</date>
|
||
A) but not as narrow as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC65FFF3CC68F88CFBCEAD3B" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[884,1113,1844,1868]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="briareus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CC68F88CFBCEAD3B" box="[884,1113,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6">Cassidulus briareus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC65FFF3CB7FF88CFB2BAD3C" box="[1123,1212,1844,1867]" pageId="6" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CB7FF88CFB2BAD3C" bold="true" box="[1123,1212,1844,1867]" pageId="6">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC65FFF3CBCCF88CFAB9AD3B" box="[1232,1326,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1228,1250]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,193,1207]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[190,1396,193,1207]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cassidulus caribaearum (?) (MNHN-IE-2013-10590 [syntype?]): photos of (A) internal and (B) external view of oral region of carapace; (C) part of the aboral region of carapace showing petal II or V (according to the position of smaller column of pore-pairs); (D) detail of phyllode I, arrows indicate sphaeridiae in enclosed pits; and drawings of internal view of phyllodes (E) V and (F) III, and (G) petal depicted in (C). Scale bars: A–C, 5 mm; D, 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457573/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the number of phyllopores also overlaps both species. Therefore, identifying the broken pieces based on these traits is not reliable, nor would be any assertion that they belong to one or two species. Also, the illustrations in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC65FFF3CA30F8C4FEB5ADCF" pageId="6" refId="ref10672" refString="Bruguiere, J. - G., Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. G. & Muller, O. F. (1827) Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois regnes de la nature: vers, coquilles, mollusques et polypiers. Uol. 2. Chez Mme veuve Agasse, Paris, 219 pls. [pls. 96 - 314] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63299" type="book chapter">
|
||
Bruguière
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC65FFF3CF8BF819FF43ADCF" box="[151,212,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1827
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 143, fig. 8–10) are very poor and only capture the overall shape of the specimen, making it impossible to determine if they correspond to the broken specimens in the vial at the MNHN.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FABC3FC64FFF2CF8BFB74FBA9AF49" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457573/files/figure.png" pageId="7" startId="7.[151,250,1228,1250]" targetBox="[190,1396,193,1207]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC64FFF2CF8BFB74FBA9AF49" blockId="7.[151,1436,1228,1342]" pageId="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CF8BFB74FE84AE96" bold="true" box="[151,275,1228,1250]" pageId="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC64FFF2CE06FB74FD84AE95" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[282,531,1228,1250]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CE06FB74FD84AE95" box="[282,531,1228,1250]" italics="true" pageId="7">Cassidulus caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(?) (MNHN-IE-2013-10590 [syntype?]): photos of (A) internal and (B) external view of oral region of carapace; (C) part of the aboral region of carapace showing petal II or V (according to the position of smaller column of pore-pairs); (D) detail of phyllode I, arrows indicate sphaeridiae in enclosed pits; and drawings of internal view of phyllodes (E) V and (F) III, and (G) petal depicted in (C). Scale bars: A–C, 5 mm; D, 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC64FFF2CFDBFAD3FDEFAC2C" blockId="7.[151,1436,1387,2024]" pageId="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CFDBFAD3FDC8AFF3" bold="true" box="[199,607,1387,1412]" pageId="7">Decision to describe a new species.</emphasis>
|
||
According to the synonymy list provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC64FFF2CB4BFAD3FA99AFF3" box="[1111,1294,1387,1412]" pageId="7" refId="ref11662" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Uol. 3. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp." type="book">Lamarck (1816)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC64FFF2CA06FAD3FA0BAFF4" box="[1306,1436,1387,1411]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CA06FAD3FA0BAFF4" box="[1306,1436,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="7">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a subjective junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC64FFF2CD33FA28FD71AFD0" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[559,742,1423,1447]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CD33FA28FD71AFD0" box="[559,742,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="7">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC64FFF2CCCCFA28FBC0AFD0" box="[976,1111,1423,1447]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CCCCFA28FBC0AFD0" box="[976,1111,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="7">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was poorly described, it is impossible to determine if any subsequently collected Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC64FFF2CC62FA0BFC6EAFBC" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[894,1017,1459,1483]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CC62FA0BFC6EAFBC" box="[894,1017,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="7">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens are conspecific. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC64FFF2CA70FA0CFA0BAFBB" box="[1388,1436,1460,1484]" pageId="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen is probably lost, unidentifiable, or lacking diagnostic features, leading to much confusion in the literature regarding its validity. Therefore, it is not possible to determine that the material collected by Salmin is the same as Lamarck's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC64FFF2CE05F998FE33AC40" box="[281,420,1567,1591]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CE05F998FE33AC40" box="[281,420,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="7">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and we elected to describe a new species while at the same time stabilizing the nomenclature within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC64FFF2CEEAF9FBFDE6AC2C" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[502,625,1603,1627]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CEEAF9FBFDE6AC2C" box="[502,625,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="7">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC64FFF2CFDBF9DFFB46AD44" blockId="7.[151,1436,1387,2024]" pageId="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CFDBF9DFFCA1ACF7" bold="true" box="[199,822,1638,1664]" pageId="7">
|
||
Prediction of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC64FFF2CE8BF9DFFE5DACF7" box="[407,458,1639,1664]" pageId="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC64FFF2CD4DF9DEFD44AC08" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[593,723,1638,1663]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="briareus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CD4DF9DEFD44AC08" bold="true" box="[593,723,1638,1663]" italics="true" pageId="7">C. briareus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC64FFF2CDC7F9DFFCA1ACF7" box="[731,822,1639,1664]" pageId="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
C.L. Salmin was a trader in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B435A9FC64FFF2CB62F9DFFB7DACF7" box="[1150,1258,1639,1664]" country="Germany" name="Hamburg" pageId="7">Hamburg</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC64FFF2CBEBF9DFFAF7AC08" box="[1271,1376,1639,1663]" name="Germany" pageId="7">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
, who collected and sold specimens during the 1860s–1870s without taking much care in recording details regarding sampling locality (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC64FFF2CE68F917FDBFACB0" box="[372,552,1711,1736]" pageId="7" refId="ref11205" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (2002) The Indo-Pacific scyllarine lobsters (Crustacea, Decapoda, Scyllaridae). Zoosystema, 24, 499 - 683." type="journal article">Holthuis, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The only record we found in the literature documenting a collection of Australian echinoderms made by him is of holothuroids, collected in Cape
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B435A9FC64FFF2CCFCF96BFB8DAC9B" box="[992,1050,1747,1772]" country="United Kingdom" name="York" pageId="7">York</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B435A9FC64FFF2CB38F96BFB3FAC9B" box="[1060,1192,1747,1772]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="7">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC64FFF2CBABF96BFA06AC9C" box="[1207,1425,1747,1771]" pageId="7" refId="ref12271" refString="Samyn, Y., Smirnov, A. & Massin, C. (2013) Carl Gottfried Semper (1832 - 1893) and the location of his type specimens of sea cucumbers. Archives of Natural History, 40 (2), 324 - 339. https: // doi. org / 10.3366 / anh. 2013.0179" type="journal article">
|
||
Samyn
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CA11F96CFAD1AC9C" box="[1293,1350,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, museum registries also indicate that he has collected marine fish in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B435A9FC64FFF2CB52F94FFB3CAD67" box="[1102,1195,1783,1808]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="7">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
, suggesting that the specimens described herein could have been collected in other places along the Australian coast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC64FFF2CFDBF887FCC5AD0B" blockId="7.[151,1436,1387,2024]" pageId="7">
|
||
If “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC64FFF2CFF0F8F8FEF8AD20" box="[236,367,1855,1879]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CFF0F8F8FEF8AD20" box="[236,367,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="7">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” was indeed collected by Péron and Lesueur in Australia, it is possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC64FFF2CBDEF8F8FAD7AD20" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[1218,1344,1855,1879]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="briareus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CBDEF8F8FAD7AD20" box="[1218,1344,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="7">C. briareus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC64FFF2CA5BF8F8FA0BAD20" box="[1351,1436,1856,1879]" pageId="7" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CA5BF8F8FA0BAD20" bold="true" box="[1351,1436,1856,1879]" pageId="7">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
lived in the same region (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CEA8F8DCFE4AAD0C" box="[436,477,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="7">i.e.,</emphasis>
|
||
Shark’s Bay, Western Australia).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC64FFFDCFDBF83FFCFBAAA2" blockId="7.[151,1436,1387,2024]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="8" pageId="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CFDBF83FFDFEADD7" bold="true" box="[199,617,1927,1952]" pageId="7">
|
||
Decision to designate a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC64FFF2CEFCF83FFDAAADD7" box="[480,573,1927,1952]" pageId="7" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC64FFF2CD6DF83EFBB9ADD7" authority="Lamarck. As" authorityName="Lamarck. As" box="[625,1070,1926,1952]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CD6DF83EFB9FADD7" bold="true" box="[625,1032,1926,1952]" pageId="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CD6DF83EFC1CADE8" bold="true" box="[625,907,1926,1951]" italics="true" pageId="7">Cassidulus caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
Lamarck.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
As
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC64FFF2CB7CF830FB07ADD7" box="[1120,1168,1928,1952]" pageId="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of this species cannot be reliably identified and the illustrations provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC64FFF2CC79F813FBF0ADB4" box="[869,1127,1963,1988]" pageId="7" refId="ref10672" refString="Bruguiere, J. - G., Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. G. & Muller, O. F. (1827) Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois regnes de la nature: vers, coquilles, mollusques et polypiers. Uol. 2. Chez Mme veuve Agasse, Paris, 219 pls. [pls. 96 - 314] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63299" type="book chapter">
|
||
Bruguière
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CCC2F814FB8DADB4" box="[990,1050,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1827
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 143, fig. 8–10) do not contain diagnostic characteristics, a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC64FFF2CD32F868FD10AD9F" box="[558,647,2000,2024]" pageId="7" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC64FFF2CC22F868FC78AD90" box="[830,1007,1999,2023]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC64FFF2CC22F868FC78AD90" box="[830,1007,1999,2023]" italics="true" pageId="7">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is necessary to objectively define this species name (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC6BFFFDCE5AFF20FD69AAC7" box="[326,766,151,176]" pageId="8" refId="ref11234" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book">ICZN 1999, articles 75.1 and 75.3.4</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and also to clarify the taxonomic status of the higher taxonomic ranks in which this species serves as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC6BFFFDCDC0FF05FC9BAAA2" box="[732,780,189,213]" pageId="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |