144 lines
19 KiB
XML
144 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="7C36967FEC2B2296556E1BD83C18F13B" ID-CLB-Dataset="8401" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4920.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ec1a3d33-651e-499c-b775-b42a131ec75a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4475126" ID-ZooBank="C369AA2D-29D5-4DDF-BFE2-EA4FC4AD2703" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1611818479954" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kajihara, Hiroshi" docDate="2021" docId="03A387C8FFDBFFECFF209A47ABF6C108" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4920.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4920 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Monostilifera , Thollesson & Norenburg 2003" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="154" masterDocId="FF9AFFB0FFD8FFEFFFB79937A815C752" masterDocTitle="Higher classification of the Monostilifera (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea)" masterLastPageNumber="199" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="154" updateTime="1698925697009" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="31E86E7F129105FE227C274D87108D43">Higher classification of the Monostilifera (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CE30EFF717EE7F7F8CD83D4B55F239E2">Kajihara, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="828AB32DC6DD88D6056A88F1A15BC44A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1F59371EAF2B3DAE5352E01D44132EB0">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A387C8FFDBFFECFF209A47ABF6C108" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4475128" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177309801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4475128" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387C8FFDBFFECFF209A47ABF6C108" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A387C8FFDBFFECFF209A47ABF6C108" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<subSubSection id="C3106555FFDBFFECFF209A47A9E3C480" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDBFFECFF209A47A9FCC4D8" blockId="3.[151,489,880,906]" box="[151,489,880,906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<heading id="D0FD81B2FFDBFFECFF209A47A9FCC4D8" bold="true" box="[151,489,880,906]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFF209A47A9FCC4D8" bold="true" box="[151,489,880,906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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Order
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFECFF5B9A47A9FCC4D8" authorityName=", Thollesson & Norenburg" authorityYear="2003" box="[236,489,880,906]" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="order">MONOSTILIFERA</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDBFFECFF209A8FA9E3C480" blockId="3.[151,1436,952,1051]" box="[151,502,952,978]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFF209A8FA9E3C480" box="[151,502,952,978]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Morphological circumscription</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3106555FFDBFFECFF709AEBABF6C108" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDBFFECFF709AEBAB06C349" blockId="3.[151,1436,952,1051]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Hoplonemerteans with stylet apparatus containing a basis with single central stylet; exceptions include some forms that are mostly symbiotic and pelagic (see below).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDBFFECFF209D7FA959C330" blockId="3.[151,1437,1096,1267]" box="[151,332,1096,1122]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFF209D7FA959C330" box="[151,332,1096,1122]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Clade definition</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDBFFECFF709D5BAB62C3A0" blockId="3.[151,1437,1096,1267]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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Hoplonemerteans that are more closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFECFCBB9D5BACF2C3D4" authority="(Johnston, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[780,1255,1132,1158]" class="Enopla" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Amphiporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="lactifloreus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFCBB9D5BAC0BC3D4" box="[780,1054,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Amphiporus lactifloreus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFB879D5BACCAC3D4" author="Johnston, G." box="[1072,1247,1132,1158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="486 - 491" refId="ref27377" refString="Johnston, G. (1828) Contributions to the British fauna. Zoological Journal, 3, 486 - 491. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 19597 # page / 548 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1828">Johnston, 1828</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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than to
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFECFAFB9D5AAA47C3F8" authority="Hubrecht, 1874" authorityName="Hubrecht" authorityYear="1874" class="Enopla" family="Drepanophoridae" genus="Drepanophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="rubrostriatus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFAFB9D5AA98EC3F8" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Drepanophorus rubrostriatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFE169DA7AA47C3F8" author="Hubrecht, A. A. W." box="[417,594,1168,1194]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" refId="ref26517" refString="Hubrecht, A. A. W. (1874) Aanteekeningen over de Anatomie, Histologie en Ontwikkelingsgeschiedenis van eenige Nemertinen. J. L. Beijers, Utrecht, 66 pp. [http: // objects. library. uu. nl / reader / index. php? obj = 1874 - 9848 & lan = en # page // 16 / 41 / 44 / 16414 4307394886498884867375865787646542. jpg / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1874">Hubrecht, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Practically, until molecular data become available for
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFECFB0F9DA6AD79C3F8" authorityName="Hubrecht" authorityYear="1874" box="[1208,1388,1168,1194]" class="Enopla" family="Drepanophoridae" genus="Drepanophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="rubrostriatus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFB0F9DA6AD79C3F8" box="[1208,1388,1168,1194]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">D. rubrostriatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the latter will have to be proxied by other polystiliferans, such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFECFCE39D83AD7AC39D" authority="(Quatrefages, 1846)" baseAuthorityName="Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[852,1391,1204,1231]" class="Enopla" family="Drepanophoridae" genus="Drepanophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
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<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFCE39D83AC91C39C" box="[852,1156,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Drepanophorus spectabilis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFB239D83AD72C39D" author="Quatrefages, A. de" box="[1172,1383,1204,1231]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="173 - 303" refId="ref31808" refString="Quatrefages, A. de (1846) Etude sur les types inferieurs de l'embrachement des anneles. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Serie 3, 6, 173 - 303. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 47986 # page / 179 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1846">Quatrefages, 1846</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, for which sequences are currently available (cf.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFD3F9DEFAB7EC3A0" author="Andrade, S. C. S. & Strand, M & Schwartz, M. & Chen, H. & Kajihara, H. & Sun, S. & Junoy, J. & Thiel, M. & Norenburg, J. L. & Turbeville, J. M. & Giribet, G. & Sundberg, P." box="[648,875,1240,1267]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="141 - 159" refId="ref19155" refString="Andrade, S. C. S., Strand, M, Schwartz, M., Chen, H., Kajihara, H., D ˆ hren, J. v., Sun, S., Junoy, J., Thiel, M., Norenburg, J. L., Turbeville, J. M., Giribet, G. & Sundberg, P. (2012) Disentangling ribbon worm relationships: multi-locus analysis supports traditional classification on the phylum Nemertea. Cladistics, 28, 141 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2011.00376. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
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Andrade
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<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFD589DEEAB34C3A0" box="[751,801,1240,1266]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">et al</emphasis>
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. 2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDBFFECFF209C17A8ECC268" blockId="3.[151,1437,1312,1626]" box="[151,249,1312,1338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFF209C17A8ECC268" box="[151,249,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Remarks</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDBFFECFF709C73ABF6C108" blockId="3.[151,1437,1312,1626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFF709C73A9B5C20C" author="Brinkmann, A." box="[199,416,1348,1374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref19929" refString="Brinkmann, A. (1917) Pelagic nemerteans from the " Michael Sars " North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910. Report on the Scientific Results of the " Michael Sars " North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1 - 18. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 120117 # page / 19 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1917">Brinkmann (1917)</bibRefCitation>
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established
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFECFD899C73AAC3C20C" authorityName=", Thollesson & Norenburg" authorityYear="2003" box="[574,726,1348,1374]" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="order">Monostilifera</taxonomicName>
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originally at the suborder rank, diagnosing the taxon as “Hoplonemerteans with one stylet on the stylet basis” (
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<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFCBE9C5EAB42C2D0" box="[777,855,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">op. cit.</emphasis>
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, p. 4). Strictly, this diagnosis fails to accommodate bivalve-symbiotic species in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFECFDDE9CBBABD8C2F4" authority="Blainville, 1827" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1827" box="[617,973,1420,1446]" class="Enopla" family="Malacobdellidae" genus="Malacobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFDDE9CBBAB10C2F4" box="[617,773,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Malacobdella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFCA79CBBABD8C2F4" author="Blainville, H. M. de" box="[784,973,1420,1446]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" refId="ref19650" refString="Blainville, H. M. de (1827) Especes molles, sans articulations distinctes. (Genre Malacobdella, de Bl.). In: Levrault, F. G. (Ed.), Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles. Tome quarante-septieme. Vol. 47. Normant, Paris, pp. 270 - 271. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 81586 # page / 276 / mode / 1 up]" type="url" year="1827">Blainville, 1827</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which supposedly secondarily lost the stylet apparatus (diaphragm, stylet basis, central stylet, accessory-stylet pouches, and accessory stylets). Other monostiliferans that have been reported to lack the central stylet and basis include: the pelagic forms
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFECFB519CE3A9A2C140" authority="(Wheeler, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Achoronemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="scoresbyi">
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<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFB519CE3A915C140" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Achoronemertes scoresbyi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFEBC9CCFA9BAC140" author="Wheeler, J. F. G." box="[267,431,1528,1554]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="215 - 294" refId="ref36053" refString="Wheeler, J. F. G. (1934) Nemerteans from the South Atlantic and southern oceans. ' Discovery' Reports, 9, 215 - 294." type="journal article" year="1934">Wheeler, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFECFE509CCFABE6C141" authority="(Korotkevitsch, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Korotkevitsch" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[487,1011,1528,1555]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Korotkevitschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="pelagica">
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<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFE509CCFAAEEC140" box="[487,763,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Korotkevitschia pelagica</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFCB09CCFABFEC141" author="Korotkevitsch, V. S." box="[775,1003,1528,1555]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="1416 - 1420" refId="ref28967" refString="Korotkevitsch, V. S. (1961) A new nemertean species and its position in the system. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 40, 1416 - 1420." type="journal article" year="1961">Korotkevitsch, 1961</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFC489CCFAD1BC140" author="Crandall, F. B. & Gibson, R." box="[1023,1294,1528,1554]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="173 - 198" refId="ref22388" refString="Crandall, F. B. & Gibson, R. (1998) A second genus of pelagic Cratenemertidae (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea). Hydrobiologia, 365, 173 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003107332635" type="journal article" year="1998">Crandall &Gibson 1998</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFAA19CCFA8F7C165" author="Chernyshev, A. V." pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref21134" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. (2005 b) Redescription of Korotkevitschia pelagica (Korotkevitsch, 1961) (Enopla: Hoplonemertea: Cratenemertea), a pelagic nemertean from Antarctica. Zootaxa, 862 (1), 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 862.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">Chernyshev 2005b</bibRefCitation>
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); the brackishwater
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFECFE709F2BAB6AC164" authority="Iwata, 1970" authorityName="Iwata" authorityYear="1970" box="[455,895,1564,1591]" class="Enopla" family="Tetrastemmatidae" genus="Sacconemertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="lutulenta">
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<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFE709F2BAAFBC164" box="[455,750,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Sacconemertella lutulenta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFD419F2AAB6AC164" author="Iwata, F." box="[758,895,1564,1591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="133 - 154" refId="ref27158" refString="Iwata, F. (1970) On the brackish water nemertens from Japan, provided with special circulatory and nephridial organs useful for osmoregulation. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 184, 133 - 154." type="journal article" year="1970">Iwata, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; the ascidian-symbiotic
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFECFB249F2AA946C108" authority="Bergendal, 1900" authorityName="Bergendal" authorityYear="1900" class="Enopla" family="Prosorhochmidae" genus="Gononemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="parasita">
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<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFB249F2AAD89C164" box="[1171,1436,1565,1591]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Gononemertes parasita</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFF209F77A946C108" author="Bergendal, D." box="[151,339,1600,1626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="313 - 328" refId="ref19541" refString="Bergendal, D. (1900) Uber ein Paar sehr eigenthumliche nordische Nemertinen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 23, 313 - 328. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 97248 # page / 341 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1900">Bergendal, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and the enigmatic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFECFD9A9F77ABCBC108" authority="Senz, 2001" authorityName="Senz" authorityYear="2001" box="[557,990,1600,1626]" class="Enopla" family="Tetrastemmatidae" genus="Verrillianemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="schultzei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFD9A9F77AB4DC108" box="[557,856,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Verrillianemertes schultzei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFCE89F77ABCBC108" author="Senz, W." box="[863,990,1600,1626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="13 - 75" refId="ref33059" refString="Senz, W. (2001) Neue Nemertinen aus dem Golf von Arabien. 2. Heteronemertini und monostilifere Hoplonemertini. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 103 B, 13 - 75." type="journal article" year="2001">Senz, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |