750 lines
105 KiB
XML
750 lines
105 KiB
XML
<document id="C4AD4D6BB704E9DEBC88E31E695B081F" ID-ISSN="11755334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629801521683" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Nonaka, Masanori, Muzik, Katherine & Iwasaki, Nozomu" docDate="2012" docId="03A387AEFFF9FFE2427FC09362BD788A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03428p067.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3428" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paracorallium japonicum" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FF9AFFD6FFCBFFDF407BC00463437F5E" masterDocTitle="3428" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1699113707830" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7E93CFCE7CC65B123832C8EF51A212AA">3428</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4D0386B2FFF2042B2F8EB61EF5653E90">Nonaka, Masanori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D4A5592F21885FF5CDFD566FAF4B6EAC">Muzik, Katherine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8A997571E489731BC3AA460321B485C4">Iwasaki, Nozomu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="93C604196E9CA90888944293158ABA40">2012</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF9FFED427FC093676D7FEF" ID-CoL="4CR8T" authority="(Kishinouye, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[516,1070,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF9FFED427FC093607F7FEF" bold="true" box="[516,828,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Paracorallium japonicum</emphasis>
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(Kishinouye, 1903)
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF9FFED42FFC0BE604E7F8C" box="[644,781,186,210]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 43" captionStart-1="FIGURE 44" captionStart-10="FIGURE 53" captionStart-11="FIGURE 54" captionStart-12="FIGURE 55" captionStart-13="FIGURE 56" captionStart-14="FIGURE 57" captionStart-2="FIGURE 45" captionStart-3="FIGURE 46" captionStart-4="FIGURE 47" captionStart-5="FIGURE 48" captionStart-6="FIGURE 49" captionStart-7="FIGURE 50" captionStart-8="FIGURE 51" captionStart-9="FIGURE 52" captionStartId-0="50.[151,250,1414,1437]" captionStartId-1="50.[151,250,1983,2006]" captionStartId-10="60.[151,250,1968,1991]" captionStartId-11="61.[151,250,1076,1099]" captionStartId-12="62.[151,250,1822,1845]" captionStartId-13="63.[151,250,1026,1049]" captionStartId-14="63.[151,250,1962,1985]" captionStartId-2="51.[151,250,1240,1263]" captionStartId-3="52.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionStartId-4="53.[151,250,1102,1125]" captionStartId-5="55.[151,250,1921,1944]" captionStartId-6="56.[151,250,1079,1102]" captionStartId-7="57.[151,250,1290,1313]" captionStartId-8="57.[151,250,1924,1947]" captionStartId-9="58.[151,250,1234,1257]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,575,1398]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,1516,1961]" captionTargetBox-10="[151,1436,155,1941]" captionTargetBox-11="[151,1436,165,1054]" captionTargetBox-12="[151,1436,189,1776]" captionTargetBox-13="[283,1349,163,997]" captionTargetBox-14="[458,1063,1131,1936]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,180,1219]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,180,1926]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,193,1081]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,243,1860]" captionTargetBox-6="[319,1317,193,1020]" captionTargetBox-7="[151,1436,337,1269]" captionTargetBox-8="[151,1436,1423,1902]" captionTargetBox-9="[151,1436,237,1191]" captionTargetId-0="figure-198@50.[151,1436,543,1398]" captionTargetId-1="figure-202@50.[151,1436,1516,1961]" captionTargetId-10="figure-46@60.[151,1436,155,1941]" captionTargetId-11="figure-398@61.[151,1436,165,1054]" captionTargetId-12="figure-43@62.[151,1436,189,1776]" captionTargetId-13="figure-59@63.[196,1392,148,1045]" captionTargetId-14="figure-61@63.[427,1173,1116,1942]" captionTargetId-2="figure-353@51.[151,1436,180,1219]" captionTargetId-3="figure-55@52.[151,1436,180,1926]" captionTargetId-4="figure-337@53.[151,1436,193,1081]" captionTargetId-5="figure-42@55.[151,1436,243,1860]" captionTargetId-6="figure-400@56.[238,1350,193,1058]" captionTargetId-7="figure-107@57.[151,1436,337,1269]" captionTargetId-8="figure-110@57.[151,1436,1423,1902]" captionTargetId-9="figure-341@58.[151,1436,237,1191]" captionTargetPageId-0="50" captionTargetPageId-1="50" captionTargetPageId-10="60" captionTargetPageId-11="61" captionTargetPageId-12="62" captionTargetPageId-13="63" captionTargetPageId-14="63" captionTargetPageId-2="51" captionTargetPageId-3="52" captionTargetPageId-4="53" captionTargetPageId-5="55" captionTargetPageId-6="56" captionTargetPageId-7="57" captionTargetPageId-8="57" captionTargetPageId-9="58" captionText-0="FIGURE 43. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Entire specimen. Scale bar is 5 cm, scale divisions 1.0 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 44. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Detail of colony surface (left: “front” side, right: “back” side). Scale divisions are 0.5 mm." captionText-10="FIGURE 53. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Surface of branch tip (stereo pairs). Arrows indicate the pits underneath original locations of autozooids. Scale bars are 0.2 mm." captionText-11="FIGURE 54. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Axis. Detail of surface with thorny projections. Scale bar is 0.1 mm." captionText-12="FIGURE 55. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Sclerites: A, from coenenchymal mounds; B, from branch tip; C, from base. Scale bars are 0.05 mm." captionText-13="FIGURE 56. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled." captionText-14="FIGURE 57. Comparison of size of 8-radiates from two specimens of Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932 versus neotype, USNM 19931. 8-radiates are combined from all parts sampled." captionText-2="FIGURE 45. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Surface details of thin coenenchyme removed from specimen. Scale divisions are 0.1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 46. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Surface of branch tip (stereo pairs). Arrows indicate the pits underneath original locations of autozooids. Scale divisions above are 1.0 mm and scale bar below is 0.5 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 47. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Axis. Detail of surface with thorny projections. Scale bar is 0.05 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 48. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Sclerites: A, from coenenchymal mounds; B, from branch tip; C, from base. Scale bars are 0.05 mm." captionText-6="FIGURE 49. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled." captionText-7="FIGURE 50. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Entire specimen. Scale bar is 5 cm, scale divisions 1.0 mm." captionText-8="FIGURE 51. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Detail of colony surface (left: “front” side, right: “back” side). Scale divisions are 0.5 mm." captionText-9="FIGURE 52. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Detail of branchlet. Scale divisions are 0.5 mm." pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs. 43–57</figureCitation>
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||
; Tables 12, 13)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3106533FFF9FFED40ECC10662037EEF" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1A1196FFF9FFED40ECC10663B67E2A" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB10A9FFF9FFED40ECC10661287E46" author="Kishinouye, K." box="[151,619,258,280]" page="623" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1903">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF9FFED40ECC10661287E46" ID-CoL="5ZZKD" authority="Kishinouye, 1903 a: 623" authorityName="Kishinouye" authorityPageNumber="623" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,619,258,280]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF9FFED40ECC10662337E46" box="[151,368,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Corallium japonicum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF9FFED410DC10661287E46" author="Kishinouye, K." box="[374,619,258,280]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="623 - 626" refId="ref21307" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1903 a) Preliminary note on the Coralliidae of Japan. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 26 (705), 623 - 626." type="journal article" year="1903">Kishinouye, 1903a: 623</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB10A9FFF9FFED420FC10660227E46" author="Kishinouye, K." box="[628,865,258,280]" page="103" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1903">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF9FFED420FC10660227E46" author="Kishinouye, K." box="[628,865,258,280]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="103 - 106" refId="ref21335" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1903 b) Honpou san no sango. Doubutsu Gaku Zasshi, 15, 103 - 106. (in Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1903">Kishinouye 1903b: 103</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(in Japanese);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB10A9FFF9FFED4382C10667997E46" author="Kishinouye, K." box="[1017,1242,258,280]" page="22" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF9FFED4382C10667997E46" author="Kishinouye, K." box="[1017,1242,258,280]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref21362" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1904 a) Sango no kenkyu. Suisan Chosa Hokoku, 14, 1 - 31. (in Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1904">Kishinouye 1904a: 22</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2; pl. 2; pl. 4, fig. 3; pl. 7, fig. 1; pl. 8, figs. 1–6 (in Japanese);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB10A9FFF9FFED437BC12560A17E69" author="Kishinouye, K." box="[768,994,289,311]" page="21" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF9FFED437BC12560A17E69" author="Kishinouye, K." box="[768,994,289,311]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref21388" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1904 b) Notes on the natural history of corals. Journal of Imperial Fishery Bureau, 14, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1904">Kishinouye 1904b: 21</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2; pl. 2; pl. 4, fig. 3; pl. 7, fig. 1; pl. 8, figs. 1–6;
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB10A9FFF9FFED41FBC14461147E08" author="Kuekenthal, W." box="[384,599,320,342]" page="50" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1924">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF9FFED41FBC14461147E08" author="Kuekenthal, W." box="[384,599,320,342]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 478" refId="ref21452" refString="Kuekenthal, W. (1924) Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich 47, 1 - 478." type="journal article" year="1924">Kuekenthal 1924: 50</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB10A9FFF9FFED4219C14461BD7E08" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[610,766,320,342]" page="76" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1956">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF9FFED4219C14461BD7E08" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[610,766,320,342]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="67 - 95" refId="ref20730" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1956) Descriptions and redescriptions of the Hawaiian octocorals collected by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer " Albatross " (2. Gorgonacea: Scleraxonia). Pacific Science, 10, 67 - 95." type="journal article" year="1956">Bayer 1956: 76</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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(in key);
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB10A9FFF9FFED431AC14460BD7E08" author="Grigg, R. W." box="[865,1022,320,342]" page="59" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF9FFED431AC14460BD7E08" author="Grigg, R. W." box="[865,1022,320,342]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="57 - 74" refId="ref21023" refString="Grigg, R. W. (1984) Resource Management of Precious Corals; A Review and Application to Shallow Water Reef Building Corals. Marine Ecology, 5, 57 - 74." type="journal article" year="1984">Grigg 1984: 59</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF9FFED4472C14467CF7E08" author="Harper, J. R." box="[1033,1164,320,342]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref21058" refString="Harper, J. R. (1988) Precious corals prospecting strategies for the South Pacific region. CCOP / SOPAC Technical Report, 84, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1988">Harper 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
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?: 64;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAB10A9FFF9FFED44BCC144663A7E08" author="Imahara, Y." box="[1223,1401,320,342]" page="28" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1996">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF9FFED44BCC144663A7E08" author="Imahara, Y." box="[1223,1401,320,342]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="17 - 44" refId="ref21146" refString="Imahara, Y. (1996) Previously recorded octocorals from Japan and adjacent seas. Precious Corals & Octocoral Research, 4 - 5, 17 - 44." type="journal article" year="1996">Imahara 1996: 28</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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(in list).
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF9FFED40ECC17962037EEF" blockId="50.[151,1437,258,433]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1A1196FFF9FFED40ECC17962037EEF" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB10A9FFF9FFED40ECC17961FD7ECD" author="Bayer, F. M. & Cairns, S. D." box="[151,702,381,403]" page="224" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2003">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF9FFED40ECC17961FD7ECD" ID-CoL="4CR8T" authority="Bayer & Cairns 2003: 224" authorityName="Bayer & Cairns" authorityPageNumber="224" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,702,381,403]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
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<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF9FFED40ECC17962DC7ECD" box="[151,415,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Paracorallium japonicum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF9FFED41DCC17A61FD7ECD" author="Bayer, F. M. & Cairns, S. D." box="[423,702,381,403]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="222 - 228" refId="ref20931" refString="Bayer, F. M. & Cairns, S. D. (2003) A new genus of the scleraxonian family Coralliidae (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116, 222 - 228." type="journal article" year="2003">Bayer & Cairns 2003: 224</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB10A9FFF9FFED42B1C17960977ECD" author="Nonaka, M. & Muzik, K. & Uchida, S." box="[714,980,381,403]" page="1823" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF9FFED42B1C17960977ECD" author="Nonaka, M. & Muzik, K. & Uchida, S." box="[714,980,381,403]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1821 - 1831" refId="ref21469" refString="Nonaka, M., Muzik, K. & Uchida, S. (2006) Culture, Study and Display of Precious Corals. Proceedings of the 10 th International Coral Reef Symposium. Japanese Coral Reef Society, Japan, pp. 1821 - 1831." type="book chapter" year="2006">Nonaka et al. 2006: 1823</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, figs. 3–5;
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB10A9FFF9FFED4431C17966DB7ECD" author="Nonaka, M. & Muzik, K." box="[1098,1432,381,403]" page="99" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF9FFED4431C17966DB7ECD" author="Nonaka, M. & Muzik, K." box="[1098,1432,381,403]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="84 - 127" refId="ref21554" refString="Nonaka, M. & Muzik, K. (2010) Jewels of the deep sea: precious corals. In: Uchida, S. (Ed.), Into the unknown, researching mysterious deep-sea animals. Proceedings of an International Symposium, 23 - 24 Feb 2007. Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, Okinawa, pp. 84 - 127." type="book chapter" year="2010">Nonaka & Muzik 2010: 99–100</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs. 26–29.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3106533FFF9FFE240ECC1DA62BD788A" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF9FFEC40ECC1DA675D791D" blockId="50.[151,1436,478,538]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1436,1363,1603]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF9FFED40ECC1DA622F7EA8" box="[151,364,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B623CE5FFF9FFEC4107C1DB675D791D" collectionCode="USNM" country="Japan" county="Eightradiates" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" location="Tosa" municipality="Five" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCode="USNM 19931, USNM 19932" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B1881AFFF9FFED4107C1DB62987EA9" box="[380,475,479,503]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(designated herein)
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAC9EC3FFF9FFED42BFC1DA60257EA8" box="[708,870,478,502]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">USNM 19931</specimenCode>
|
||
, Tosa,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7628FFF9FFED43CEC1DB60BB7EA8" box="[949,1016,479,502]" name="Japan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAC9EC3FFF9FFED447EC1DA67E57EA8" box="[1029,1190,478,502]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">USNM 19932</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED56063FFF9FFED44C8C1DB67A97EA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387AEFFF9FFE2427FC09362BD788A:8ED56063FFF9FFED44C8C1DB67A97EA8" box="[1203,1258,479,502]" country="Japan" county="Eightradiates" municipality="Five" name="Tosa" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Tosa</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7628FFF9FFED448CC1DB66797EA8" box="[1271,1338,479,502]" name="Japan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8ED56063FFF9FFED453DC1DA663F7EA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387AEFFF9FFE2427FC09362BD788A:8ED56063FFF9FFED453DC1DA663F7EA8" box="[1350,1404,478,502]" country="Japan" county="Eightradiates" municipality="Five" name="Both" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Both</location>
|
||
of the dry samples were identified and donated by
|
||
<location id="8ED56063FFF9FFED42D4C20660707D44" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387AEFFF9FFE2427FC09362BD788A:8ED56063FFF9FFED42D4C20660707D44" box="[687,819,514,538]" country="Japan" county="Eightradiates" municipality="Five" name="Kishinouye" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Kishinouye</location>
|
||
, and both are erroneously labeled “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B1881AFFF9FFED44C5C206665F7D44" box="[1214,1308,514,538]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
.”
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF8FFEC40B4C550620B7A35" box="[207,328,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony abundantly branched in one plane.
|
||
<location id="8ED56063FFF8FFEC4331C55760CA7A35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387AEFFF9FFE2427FC09362BD788A:8ED56063FFF8FFEC4331C55760CA7A35" box="[842,905,1363,1387]" country="Japan" county="Eightradiates" municipality="Five" name="Short" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Short</location>
|
||
, prickly branchlets grow on the “front” of the colony and on the sides of the branches.
|
||
<location id="8ED56063FFF8FFEC4217C573604F7AD1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387AEFFF9FFE2427FC09362BD788A:8ED56063FFF8FFEC4217C573604F7AD1" box="[620,780,1399,1423]" country="Japan" county="Eightradiates" municipality="Five" name="Coenenchyme" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Coenenchyme</location>
|
||
thin, and generally dark red with growing tips pinkish to white.
|
||
<location id="8ED56063FFF8FFEC409FC59F62CF7AED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387AEFFF9FFE2427FC09362BD788A:8ED56063FFF8FFEC409FC59F62CF7AED" box="[228,396,1435,1459]" country="Japan" county="Eightradiates" municipality="Five" name="Coenenchymal" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Coenenchymal</location>
|
||
mounds small, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF8FFEC42FEC59F61987AED" box="[645,731,1435,1459]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, are only slightly elevated.
|
||
<location id="8ED56063FFF8FFEC44E7C59F67967AED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387AEFFF9FFE2427FC09362BD788A:8ED56063FFF8FFEC44E7C59F67967AED" box="[1180,1237,1435,1459]" country="Japan" county="Eightradiates" municipality="Five" name="They" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">They</location>
|
||
are distributed in four or five rows, generally on one surface only.
|
||
<location id="8ED56063FFF8FFEC42C8C5BB61AB7A89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387AEFFF9FFE2427FC09362BD788A:8ED56063FFF8FFEC42C8C5BB61AB7A89" box="[691,744,1471,1495]" country="Japan" county="Eightradiates" municipality="Five" name="Axis" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Axis</location>
|
||
longitudinally grooved, normally dark red with a white center and having a small pit underneath each polyp mounds.
|
||
<location id="8ED56063FFF8FFEC437FC5E060587AA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387AEFFF9FFE2427FC09362BD788A:8ED56063FFF8FFEC437FC5E060587AA5" box="[772,795,1508,1531]" country="Japan" county="Eightradiates" municipality="Five" name="In" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">In</location>
|
||
cross section, the axis of the main stem is round or oval, but that of the branch tip is Y or X-shaped.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD1ACC2FFF8FFEC4204C60361F37941" box="[639,688,1543,1567]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Five</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
kinds of sclerites occur: 6-, 7-, 8-radiates, crosses and rods.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D44E34FFF8FFEC452DC60363AD791D" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Eightradiates</collectingCounty>
|
||
about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF8FFEC4141C62F62DD791D" box="[314,414,1579,1603]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
long are numerous, other sclerites are smaller and fewer.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF756630FFF9FFED40ECC582620E7AE5" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" startId="50.[151,250,1414,1437]" targetBox="[151,1436,575,1398]" targetPageId="50">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF9FFED40ECC582620E7AE5" blockId="50.[151,1436,1414,1467]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF9FFED40ECC58262637AC3" bold="true" box="[151,288,1414,1437]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 43.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF9FFED415DC58261B87AC2" authority="(Kishinouye, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[294,763,1414,1436]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF9FFED415DC582616F7AC2" box="[294,556,1414,1436]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Paracorallium japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kishinouye, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neotype, USNM 19931. Entire specimen. Scale bar is 5 cm, scale divisions 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF756630FFF9FFED40ECC7BB61EE78AA" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" startId="50.[151,250,1983,2006]" targetBox="[151,1436,1516,1961]" targetPageId="50">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF9FFED40ECC7BB61EE78AA" blockId="50.[151,1436,1983,2036]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF9FFED40ECC7BB62617888" bold="true" box="[151,290,1983,2006]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 44.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF9FFED4150C7BB6044788B" authority="(Kishinouye, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[299,775,1983,2005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF9FFED4150C7BB6177788B" box="[299,564,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Paracorallium japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kishinouye, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neotype, USNM 19931. Detail of colony surface (left: “front” side, right: “back” side). Scale divisions are 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF756630FFF8FFEC40ECC4DC61F17A53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,250,1240,1263]" targetBox="[151,1436,180,1219]" targetPageId="51">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF8FFEC40ECC4DC61F17A53" blockId="51.[151,1436,1240,1293]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF8FFEC40ECC4DC62607BB1" bold="true" box="[151,291,1240,1263]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 45.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF8FFEC4156C4DD604F7BB1" authority="(Kishinouye, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[301,780,1241,1263]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF8FFEC4156C4DD61747BB1" box="[301,567,1241,1263]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Paracorallium japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kishinouye, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neotype, USNM 19931. Surface details of thin coenenchyme removed from specimen. Scale divisions are 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF8FFEC40ECC670628479D5" blockId="51.[151,1436,1652,2035]" box="[151,455,1652,1676]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF8FFEC40ECC67062FC79D5" box="[151,447,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B1881AFFF8FFEC4113C67062FC79D5" box="[360,447,1652,1675]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF8FFEC40ECC69367EC7861" blockId="51.[151,1436,1652,2035]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF8FFEC40ECC693626779F1" box="[151,292,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Colony form</emphasis>
|
||
: The specimen has a holdfast and appears to be almost complete (only some branch tips are missing). It is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF8FFEC4175C6BF6228798D" box="[270,363,1723,1747]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="140.0">140 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF8FFEC41B6C6BF6158798D" box="[461,539,1723,1747]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, branched irregularly almost in one plane, and the angles of branching are mostly at 30–90 degrees (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF8FFEC41CDC6DB614979A9" box="[438,522,1759,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1414,1437]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,575,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-198@50.[151,1436,543,1398]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 43. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Entire specimen. Scale bar is 5 cm, scale divisions 1.0 mm." pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
). Branches are tapered and sharp at the tip. The diameter at the base of the colony is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF8FFEC408DC70762047845" box="[246,327,1795,1819]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the main stem and the thickest branch are
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF8FFEC4355C707603C7845" box="[814,895,1795,1819]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, (not including the coenenchymal mounds), and the thinnest branch tip is
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF8FFEC41CAC72362B67861" box="[433,501,1831,1855]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Branch cross sections are rounded, but twig tips are irregular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF8FFEC40B4C74866D478AD" blockId="51.[151,1436,1652,2035]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF8FFEC40B4C7486258783A" box="[207,283,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Polyps</emphasis>
|
||
: The specimen is preserved dry with damaged coenenchyme. Originally retracted into the coenenchyme, making hemispherical coenenchymal mounds, the autozooid tissue has now completely disintegrated. Coenenchymal mounds appear to be distributed on one side (the “front”) of the colony (occasionally straying on to the back surface) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF8FFEC4276C7B361217891" box="[525,610,1975,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1983,2006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1516,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-202@50.[151,1436,1516,1961]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 44. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Detail of colony surface (left: “front” side, right: “back” side). Scale divisions are 0.5 mm." pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are only slightly elevated,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF8FFEC439FC7B367C47891" box="[996,1159,1975,1999]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.54" valueMin="0.16">0.16–0.54 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF8FFEC4557C7B3638078AD" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.79" valueMax="1.03" valueMin="0.55">0.55–1.03 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, with an indistinct 8-lobed summit. The mounds are arranged
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF8FFEC4394C7DF67D378AD" box="[1007,1168,2011,2035]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.305" metricValueMax="3.29" metricValueMin="1.32" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.305" valueMax="3.29" valueMin="1.32">1.32–3.29 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart (center to center).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF756630FFFFFFEB40ECC7A463A878AA" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" startId="52.[151,250,1952,1975]" targetBox="[151,1436,180,1926]" targetPageId="52">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFFFFFEB40ECC7A463A878AA" blockId="52.[151,1437,1952,2036]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFFFFFEB40ECC7A4626778E9" bold="true" box="[151,292,1952,1975]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 46.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFFFFFEB4155C7A4604D78E8" authority="(Kishinouye, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[302,782,1952,1974]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFFFFFEB4155C7A4617B78E8" box="[302,568,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Paracorallium japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kishinouye, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neotype, USNM 19931. Surface of branch tip (stereo pairs). Arrows indicate the pits underneath original locations of autozooids. Scale divisions above are 1.0 mm and scale bar below is 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF756630FFFEFFEA40ECC44A62B37BDD" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[151,250,1102,1125]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1081]" targetPageId="53">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFFEFFEA40ECC44A62B37BDD" blockId="53.[151,1436,1102,1155]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFFEFFEA40ECC44A62677B3B" bold="true" box="[151,292,1102,1125]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 47.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFFEFFEA4155C44B60537B3B" authority="(Kishinouye, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[302,784,1103,1125]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFFEFFEA4155C44B617A7B3B" box="[302,569,1103,1125]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Paracorallium japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kishinouye, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neotype, USNM 19931. Axis. Detail of surface with thorny projections. Scale bar is 0.05 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFFEFFEA40B4C4CD60707A5B" blockId="53.[151,1436,1225,1969]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
The siphonozooids appear as very small pits
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA428FC4CD60DF7BBF" box="[756,924,1225,1249]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.04" valueMax="0.05" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFFEFFEA443DC4CD67DC7BBF" box="[1094,1183,1225,1249]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1240,1263]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,180,1219]" captionTargetId="figure-353@51.[151,1436,180,1219]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 45. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Surface details of thin coenenchyme removed from specimen. Scale divisions are 0.1 mm." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
), observable only on undamaged surfaces and distributed sparsely and randomly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFFEFFEA40B4C51667B57A2F" blockId="53.[151,1436,1225,1969]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFFEFFEA40B4C51663BC7A74" box="[207,255,1298,1322]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Axis</emphasis>
|
||
: The surface of the axis is longitudinally grooved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFFEFFEA4348C51560C07A77" box="[819,899,1297,1321]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,180,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-55@52.[151,1436,180,1926]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 46. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Surface of branch tip (stereo pairs). Arrows indicate the pits underneath original locations of autozooids. Scale divisions above are 1.0 mm and scale bar below is 0.5 mm." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
) at intervals of
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA4454C51567907A77" box="[1071,1235,1297,1321]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.31" valueMin="0.19">0.19–0.31 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and covered with minute tubercles ornamented with thorny projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFFEFFEA4283C531600E7A13" box="[760,845,1333,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1102,1125]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1081]" captionTargetId="figure-337@53.[151,1436,193,1081]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 47. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Axis. Detail of surface with thorny projections. Scale bar is 0.05 mm." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are shallow, rounded pits, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA4502C53163807A2F" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and without beaded margins, at the position of each coenenchymal mound (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFFEFFEA44EDC55D67A97A2F" box="[1174,1258,1369,1393]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,180,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-55@52.[151,1436,180,1926]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 46. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Surface of branch tip (stereo pairs). Arrows indicate the pits underneath original locations of autozooids. Scale divisions above are 1.0 mm and scale bar below is 0.5 mm." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFFEFFEA40B4C57A60507A83" blockId="53.[151,1436,1225,1969]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFFEFFEA40B4C57A622F7AC8" box="[207,364,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Coenenchyme</emphasis>
|
||
: The coenenchyme is so abraded (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA428FC57960DA7ACB" box="[756,921,1405,1429]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.05" valueMax="0.06" valueMin="0.04">0.04–0.06 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick) that the longitudinal axial grooves and axial sculpture are clearly visible through it in many areas. There are fine warts (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA4420C5A566407AE7" box="[1115,1283,1441,1465]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.115" valueMax="0.13" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) distributed evenly on undamaged areas of coenenchyme.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFFEFFEA40B4C5EE6058797B" blockId="53.[151,1436,1225,1969]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFFEFFEA40B4C5EE625D795C" box="[207,286,1514,1538]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
: The dried coenenchyme and the coenenchymal mounds are pale brick-red to orange (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFFEFFEA4579C5ED6621795F" box="[1282,1378,1513,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1983,2006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1516,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-202@50.[151,1436,1516,1961]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 44. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Detail of colony surface (left: “front” side, right: “back” side). Scale divisions are 0.5 mm." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFFEFFEA450BC5ED66D3795F" box="[1392,1424,1513,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1240,1263]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,180,1219]" captionTargetId="figure-353@51.[151,1436,180,1219]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 45. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Surface details of thin coenenchyme removed from specimen. Scale divisions are 0.1 mm." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">45</figureCitation>
|
||
). The axis is dark red (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFFEFFEA41F8C6096295797B" box="[387,470,1549,1573]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1414,1437]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,575,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-198@50.[151,1436,543,1398]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 43. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Entire specimen. Scale bar is 5 cm, scale divisions 1.0 mm." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
), with a whitish central core.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFFEFFEA40B4C63662287837" blockId="53.[151,1436,1225,1969]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFFEFFEA40B4C636626C7914" box="[207,303,1586,1610]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Sclerites</emphasis>
|
||
: The coenenchymal mounds contain mainly 8-radiates
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA43D3C63567247917" box="[936,1127,1585,1609]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.049" valueMax="0.06" valueMin="0.038">
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA43D3C63560A57917" box="[936,998,1585,1609]" degrees="0.038" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.038">0.038</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA439DC63567707917" box="[998,1075,1585,1609]" degrees="0.060" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="-0.06">–0.060</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA44A7C63566D87917" box="[1244,1435,1585,1609]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.1999999999999997" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.031" valueMax="0.04" valueMin="0.022">
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA44A7C63566587917" box="[1244,1307,1585,1609]" degrees="0.022" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.022">0.022</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA4561C635662B7917" box="[1306,1384,1585,1609]" degrees="0.040" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="-0.04">–0.040</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
wide, some rods
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA4128C65161537933" box="[339,528,1621,1645]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.0375" valueMax="0.045" valueMin="0.03">
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA4128C65162D17933" box="[339,402,1621,1645]" degrees="0.030" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.03">0.030</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA41E9C651629C7933" box="[402,479,1621,1645]" degrees="0.045" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="-0.045">–0.045</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA4205C65160787933" box="[638,827,1621,1645]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.021" valueMax="0.028" valueMin="0.014">
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA4205C65161FE7933" box="[638,701,1621,1645]" degrees="0.014" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.014">0.014</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA42C6C651604A7933" box="[701,777,1621,1645]" degrees="0.028" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="-0.028">–0.028</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
wide, symmetric 6-radiates
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA440CC65166757933" box="[1143,1334,1621,1645]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.041" valueMax="0.048" valueMin="0.034">
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA440CC65167F57933" box="[1143,1206,1621,1645]" degrees="0.034" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.034">0.034</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA44CDC65166407933" box="[1206,1283,1621,1645]" degrees="0.048" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="-0.048">–0.048</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA40ECC67D621A79CF" box="[151,345,1657,1681]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.029" valueMax="0.035" valueMin="0.023">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA40ECC67D639579CF" box="[151,214,1657,1681]" degrees="0.023" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.023">0.023</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA40AEC67D626079CF" box="[213,291,1657,1681]" degrees="0.035" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="-0.035">–0.035</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
wide, and a few 7-radiates, crosses and multi-radiates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFFEFFEA438AC67D671D79CF" box="[1009,1118,1657,1681]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1921,1944]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,243,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-42@55.[151,1436,243,1860]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 48. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Sclerites: A, from coenenchymal mounds; B, from branch tip; C, from base. Scale bars are 0.05 mm." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 48A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The coenenchyme on the branch tip contains mostly 8-radiates
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA4241C69961BB79EB" box="[570,760,1693,1717]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.0485" valueMax="0.058" valueMin="0.039">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA4241C699613A79EB" box="[570,633,1693,1717]" degrees="0.039" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.039">0.039</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA4202C699618579EB" box="[633,710,1693,1717]" degrees="0.058" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="-0.058">–0.058</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA431DC699676079EB" box="[870,1059,1693,1717]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.031" valueMax="0.038" valueMin="0.024">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA431DC69960E679EB" box="[870,933,1693,1717]" degrees="0.024" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.024">0.024</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA43DEC69960B279EB" box="[933,1009,1693,1717]" degrees="0.038" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="-0.038">–0.038</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
wide, some symmetric 6-radiates
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA40ECC6C562177987" box="[151,340,1729,1753]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" metricValueMax="5.800000000000001" metricValueMin="3.5999999999999996" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.047" valueMax="0.058" valueMin="0.036">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA40ECC6C563957987" box="[151,214,1729,1753]" degrees="0.036" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.036">0.036</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA40ADC6C562617987" box="[214,290,1729,1753]" degrees="0.058" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="-0.058">–0.058</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA41B9C6C561C37987" box="[450,640,1729,1753]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.0325" valueMax="0.036" valueMin="0.029">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA41B9C6C561427987" box="[450,513,1729,1753]" degrees="0.029" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.029">0.029</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA427AC6C5610D7987" box="[513,590,1729,1753]" degrees="0.036" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="-0.036">–0.036</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
wide, 7-radiates
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA433BC6C560BE7987" box="[832,1021,1729,1753]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.045" valueMax="0.052" valueMin="0.038">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA433BC6C5603D7987" box="[832,894,1729,1753]" degrees="0.038" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.038">0.038</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA4305C6C560887987" box="[894,971,1729,1753]" degrees="0.052" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="-0.052">–0.052</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA4410C6C5666B7987" box="[1131,1320,1729,1753]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.031" valueMax="0.038" valueMin="0.024">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA4410C6C567E97987" box="[1131,1194,1729,1753]" degrees="0.024" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.024">0.024</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA44D1C6C567B57987" box="[1194,1270,1729,1753]" degrees="0.038" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="-0.038">–0.038</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
wide, and a few asymmetric 6-radiates, rods, crosses and multi-radiates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFFEFFEA4316C6E1609479A3" box="[877,983,1765,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1921,1944]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,243,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-42@55.[151,1436,243,1860]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 48. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Sclerites: A, from coenenchymal mounds; B, from branch tip; C, from base. Scale bars are 0.05 mm." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 48B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The coenenchyme on the base of the colony also contains abundant 8-radiates, which are
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA42A5C70D60D8787F" box="[734,923,1801,1825]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="4.299999999999999" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.05" valueMax="0.057" valueMin="0.043">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA42A5C70D605F787F" box="[734,796,1801,1825]" degrees="0.043" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.043">0.043</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA4367C70D6029787F" box="[796,874,1801,1825]" degrees="0.057" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="-0.057">–0.057</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA4471C70D670A787F" box="[1034,1097,1801,1825]" degrees="0.029" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.029">0.029</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFFEFFEA4432C70D67D6787F" box="[1097,1173,1801,1825]" degrees="0.028" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="-0.028">
|
||
–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFFEFFEA442CC70D67D6787F" box="[1111,1173,1801,1825]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.028">0.028</quantity>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm wide, along with a few symmetric 6-radiates 7-radiates and crosses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFFEFFEA42B0C7296072781B" box="[715,817,1837,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1921,1944]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,243,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-42@55.[151,1436,243,1860]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 48. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Sclerites: A, from coenenchymal mounds; B, from branch tip; C, from base. Scale bars are 0.05 mm." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 48C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The statistical data for sclerites of this specimen are shown in Table 12.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFFEFFEA40ACC771622C78EF" blockId="53.[151,1436,1225,1969]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
The 8-radiates, which are the most abundant form, are of similar size in all the three regions sampled (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE7DFFFEFFEA40E5C79D624678EF" box="[158,261,1945,1969]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">ANOVA</collectionCode>
|
||
, p>0.05).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF756630FFFCFFE840ECC785600378EB" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" startId="55.[151,250,1921,1944]" targetBox="[151,1436,243,1860]" targetPageId="55">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFFCFFE840ECC785600378EB" blockId="55.[151,1435,1921,1974]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFFCFFE840ECC785626578C6" bold="true" box="[151,294,1921,1944]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 48.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFFCFFE84148C785605F78C9" authority="(Kishinouye, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[307,796,1921,1943]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFFCFFE84148C785610278C9" box="[307,577,1921,1943]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Paracorallium japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kishinouye, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neotype, USNM 19931. Sclerites: A, from coenenchymal mounds; B, from branch tip; C, from base. Scale bars are 0.05 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF756630FFF3FFE740ECC43363B07B32" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" startId="56.[151,250,1079,1102]" targetBox="[319,1317,193,1020]" targetPageId="56">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF3FFE740ECC43363B07B32" blockId="56.[151,1435,1079,1132]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF3FFE740ECC43362637B10" bold="true" box="[151,288,1079,1102]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 49.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF3FFE74153C43C61BC7B10" authority="(Kishinouye, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[296,767,1080,1102]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF3FFE74153C43C616C7B10" box="[296,559,1080,1102]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Paracorallium japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kishinouye, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neotype, USNM 19931. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF3FFE740BCC49061907A49" blockId="56.[151,1436,1172,1303]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF3FFE740BCC49061697BF2" box="[199,554,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Relative abundance of sclerites</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF3FFE74240C49061D37BF2" box="[571,656,1172,1196]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1079,1102]" captionTargetBox="[319,1317,193,1020]" captionTargetId="figure-400@56.[238,1350,193,1058]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 49. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
; Table 12): There are 7 kinds of sclerites in the coenenchyme of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B1881AFFF3FFE740ECC4BC63B07B8E" box="[151,243,1208,1232]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. In the coenenchymal mounds, 8-radiates represent 49% of the sclerites, rods 26%, and symmetric 6- radiates 13%. In the branch tip, 8-radiates represent 58% of the sclerites, and symmetric 6-radiates 17%, and in the base, 8-radiates are also the most abundant at 71%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF3FFE740ECC54C61047A3E" blockId="56.[151,1436,1352,2024]" box="[151,583,1352,1376]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF3FFE740ECC54C61047A3E" box="[151,583,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Description of specimen
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE7DFFF3FFE741D5C54C62B97A3E" box="[430,506,1352,1376]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
19932
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF3FFE740ECC56861487969" blockId="56.[151,1436,1352,2024]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF3FFE740ECC56862607ADA" box="[151,291,1388,1412]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Colony form</emphasis>
|
||
: This specimen is an incomplete colony (missing at least two main branches) but it has a holdfast (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF3FFE74514C56863F47AF9" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1290,1313]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-107@57.[151,1436,337,1269]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 50. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Entire specimen. Scale bar is 5 cm, scale divisions 1.0 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
). The specimen is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF3FFE74193C58B610A7AF9" box="[488,585,1423,1447]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF3FFE742C0C58B604C7AF9" box="[699,783,1423,1447]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, but the original colony would have been wider. Branching is almost in one plane without anastomoses. The branches taper to a sharp tip, and the angle of branching is acute. The diameter at the base of the colony is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF3FFE743ECC5D360AA7AB1" box="[919,1001,1495,1519]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the main stem is
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF3FFE744C1C5D3664E7AB1" box="[1210,1293,1495,1519]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the thickest branch is also
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF3FFE74142C5F862E4794D" box="[313,423,1532,1556]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and the thinnest branch tip is
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF3FFE7437BC5F86023794D" box="[768,864,1532,1556]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Branch cross sections are rounded, but irregularly flattened at the twig tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF3FFE741D1C61B62BD7969" box="[426,510,1567,1591]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1234,1257]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-341@58.[151,1436,237,1191]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 52. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Detail of branchlet. Scale divisions are 0.5 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF3FFE740B4C6406176786A" blockId="56.[151,1436,1352,2024]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF3FFE740B4C64062587902" box="[207,283,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Polyps</emphasis>
|
||
: The specimen is dry and the coenenchyme is damaged. Originally retracted into the coenenchyme, making hemispherical coenenchymal mounds, the autozooid tissue has now completely disintegrated. The coenenchymal mounds appear to be distributed on one side of the colony, especially at the branch tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF3FFE74543C68866CD79FA" box="[1336,1422,1676,1700]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1423,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-110@57.[151,1436,1423,1902]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 51. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Detail of colony surface (left: “front” side, right: “back” side). Scale divisions are 0.5 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are only slightly elevated,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF3FFE74277C6AB61F37999" box="[524,688,1711,1735]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.22" valueMax="0.32" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.32 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF3FFE74320C6AB60BC7999" box="[859,1023,1711,1735]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.65" metricValueMax="10.9" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.765" valueMax="1.09" valueMin="0.44">0.44–1.09 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, indistinctly 8-lobed on their summit (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF3FFE74142C6D062CD79B2" box="[313,398,1748,1772]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1234,1257]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-341@58.[151,1436,237,1191]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 52. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Detail of branchlet. Scale divisions are 0.5 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
), and are distributed
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF3FFE742F8C6D0606479B5" box="[643,807,1748,1772]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.575" metricValueMax="4.34" metricValueMin="0.81" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="2.575" valueMax="4.34" valueMin="0.81">0.81–4.34 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart (center to center). Siphonozooids appear as very small pits which are only observable on undamaged surfaces. They are
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF3FFE743D4C6FC67127851" box="[943,1105,1784,1808]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.055" valueMax="0.07" valueMin="0.04">0.04–0.07 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, not visible to the naked eye, and distributed randomly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF3FFE740B4C744610478B6" blockId="56.[151,1436,1352,2024]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF3FFE740B4C74463BC7806" box="[207,255,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Axis</emphasis>
|
||
: The surface of the axis is longitudinally grooved at intervals of
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF3FFE74394C74467D77809" box="[1007,1172,1856,1880]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.27" valueMax="0.33" valueMin="0.21">0.21–0.33 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF3FFE744DDC74467B97806" box="[1190,1274,1856,1880]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1423,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-110@57.[151,1436,1423,1902]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 51. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Detail of colony surface (left: “front” side, right: “back” side). Scale divisions are 0.5 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
), and covered with minute tubercles ornamented with thorny projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF3FFE74356C76060C27822" box="[813,897,1892,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1076,1099]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,165,1054]" captionTargetId="figure-398@61.[151,1436,165,1054]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 54. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Axis. Detail of surface with thorny projections. Scale bar is 0.1 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
). These appear to be projecting parts of partially embedded radiate sclerites. At the tip of a branch underneath each coenenchymal mound, there is an indistinct, shallow, rounded pit, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF3FFE741B7C7A86163789D" box="[460,544,1964,1988]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF3FFE742E8C7A861AB789D" box="[659,744,1964,1988]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long without a beaded margin, (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF3FFE7442AC7A867E7789A" box="[1105,1188,1964,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1968,1991]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,155,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-46@60.[151,1436,155,1941]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 53. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Surface of branch tip (stereo pairs). Arrows indicate the pits underneath original locations of autozooids. Scale bars are 0.2 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
). The axis at the tip of a branchlet is spatula shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF3FFE7419DC7D4617878B6" box="[486,571,2000,2024]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1234,1257]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-341@58.[151,1436,237,1191]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 52. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Detail of branchlet. Scale divisions are 0.5 mm." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF2FFE640B4C09C67EE7FA9" blockId="57.[151,1436,151,247]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF2FFE640B4C09C622F7FEE" box="[207,364,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Coenenchyme</emphasis>
|
||
: In many parts this is so thin (approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF2FFE64316C09360937FF1" box="[877,976,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
|
||
in dry condition) that the axial sculpture is exposed, and the longitudinal grooves are easily detected (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF2FFE64318C0B860F87F8A" box="[867,955,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1423,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-110@57.[151,1436,1423,1902]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 51. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Detail of colony surface (left: “front” side, right: “back” side). Scale divisions are 0.5 mm." pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are fine warts (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF2FFE644A8C0B866397F8D" box="[1235,1402,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.145" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.13">0.13–0.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter), distributed evenly (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF2FFE64193C0DB61CF7FA9" box="[488,652,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.31" valueMin="0.19">0.19–0.31 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart) on the undamaged parts of coenenchyme.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF756630FFF2FFE640ECC50E63A87A61" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" startId="57.[151,250,1290,1313]" targetBox="[151,1436,337,1269]" targetPageId="57">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF2FFE640ECC50E63A87A61" blockId="57.[151,1435,1290,1343]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF2FFE640ECC50E625C7A7F" bold="true" box="[151,287,1290,1313]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 50.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF2FFE6415EC50E61BA7A7E" authority="(Kishinouye, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[293,761,1290,1312]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF2FFE6415EC50E61687A7E" box="[293,555,1290,1312]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Paracorallium japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kishinouye, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM 19932. Entire specimen. Scale bar is 5 cm, scale divisions 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF756630FFF2FFE640ECC780617978E7" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" startId="57.[151,250,1924,1947]" targetBox="[151,1436,1423,1902]" targetPageId="57">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF2FFE640ECC780617978E7" blockId="57.[151,1437,1924,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF2FFE640ECC780626378C5" bold="true" box="[151,288,1924,1947]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 51.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF2FFE64153C78061BC78C4" authority="(Kishinouye, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[296,767,1924,1946]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF2FFE64153C780616C78C4" box="[296,559,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Paracorallium japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kishinouye, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM 19932. Detail of colony surface (left: “front” side, right: “back” side). Scale divisions are 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF756630FFF1FFE540ECC4D666C17BB6" box="[151,1410,1234,1257]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[151,250,1234,1257]" targetBox="[151,1436,237,1191]" targetPageId="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF1FFE540ECC4D666C17BB6" blockId="58.[151,1410,1234,1257]" box="[151,1410,1234,1257]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF1FFE540ECC4D6625C7BB7" bold="true" box="[151,287,1234,1257]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 52.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF1FFE5415EC4D661BB7BB6" authority="(Kishinouye, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[293,760,1234,1256]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF1FFE5415EC4D6616F7BB6" box="[293,556,1234,1256]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Paracorallium japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kishinouye, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM 19932. Detail of branchlet. Scale divisions are 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF1FFE540B4C52A61687A34" blockId="58.[151,1436,1326,2034]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF1FFE540B4C52A625D7A18" box="[207,286,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
: The branch coenenchyme and the coenenchymal mounds are pale brick-red to orange. The axis is dark red with a whitish central core.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF1FFE540B4C57260BF79D4" blockId="58.[151,1436,1326,2034]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF1FFE540B4C572626C7AD0" box="[207,303,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Sclerites</emphasis>
|
||
: The coenenchymal mounds contain predominantly 8-radiates
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF1FFE5446BC57267917AD0" box="[1040,1234,1398,1422]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="5.8999999999999995" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="0.0495" valueMax="0.059" valueMin="0.04">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE5446BC572670C7AD0" box="[1040,1103,1398,1422]" degrees="0.040" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="0.04">0.040</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE54434C57267D87AD0" box="[1103,1179,1398,1422]" degrees="0.059" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="-0.059">–0.059</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF1FFE54534C57262447AEC" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="0.0315" valueMax="0.038" valueMin="0.025">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE54534C57266CE7AD0" box="[1359,1421,1398,1422]" degrees="0.025" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="0.025">0.025</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE545F6C57263957AEC" degrees="0.038" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="-0.038">– 0.038</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
wide, some multi-radiates
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF1FFE54243C59E61B67AEC" box="[568,757,1434,1458]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.299999999999999" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="0.043" valueMax="0.046" valueMin="0.04">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE54243C59E61347AEC" box="[568,631,1434,1458]" degrees="0.040" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="0.04">0.040</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE5420DC59E61877AEC" box="[630,708,1434,1458]" degrees="0.046" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="-0.046">–0.046</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF1FFE5431EC59E67617AEC" box="[869,1058,1434,1458]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="0.036" valueMax="0.04" valueMin="0.032">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE5431EC59E60E77AEC" box="[869,932,1434,1458]" degrees="0.032" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="0.032">0.032</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE543D8C59E60B37AEC" box="[931,1008,1434,1458]" degrees="0.040" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="-0.04">–0.040</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
wide, rods
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF1FFE544DEC59E66207AEC" box="[1189,1379,1434,1458]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="0.039" valueMax="0.045" valueMin="0.033">
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE544DEC59E67A77AEC" box="[1189,1252,1434,1458]" degrees="0.033" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="0.033">0.033</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE54498C59E66727AEC" box="[1251,1329,1434,1458]" degrees="0.045" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="-0.045">–0.045</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF1FFE540BCC5BA62C57A88" box="[199,390,1470,1494]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8000000000000003" metricValueMax="3.9000000000000004" metricValueMin="1.7000000000000002" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="0.028" valueMax="0.039" valueMin="0.017">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE540BCC5BA62467A88" box="[199,261,1470,1494]" degrees="0.017" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="0.017">0.017</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE5417DC5BA62107A88" box="[262,339,1470,1494]" degrees="0.039" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="-0.039">–0.039</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
wide, and a few symmetric 6-radiates, 7-radiates and crosses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF1FFE5442BC5BA67F87A88" box="[1104,1211,1470,1494]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1822,1845]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-43@62.[151,1436,189,1776]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 55. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Sclerites: A, from coenenchymal mounds; B, from branch tip; C, from base. Scale bars are 0.05 mm." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 55A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The coenenchyme on the branch tip contains abundant 8-radiates
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF1FFE542D1C5E6602A7AA4" box="[682,873,1506,1530]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6499999999999995" metricValueMax="5.800000000000001" metricValueMin="3.5000000000000004" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="0.0465" valueMax="0.058" valueMin="0.035">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE542D1C5E661AA7AA4" box="[682,745,1506,1530]" degrees="0.035" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="0.035">0.035</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE54292C5E660757AA4" box="[745,822,1506,1530]" degrees="0.058" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="-0.058">–0.058</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF1FFE543A6C5E667DF7AA4" box="[989,1180,1506,1530]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="0.0305" valueMax="0.037" valueMin="0.024">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE543A6C5E6675F7AA4" box="[989,1052,1506,1530]" degrees="0.024" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="0.024">0.024</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE54467C5E6672B7AA4" box="[1052,1128,1506,1530]" degrees="0.037" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="-0.037">–0.037</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
wide, some 7-radiates
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF1FFE540ECC60262167940" box="[151,341,1542,1566]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="0.0415" valueMax="0.05" valueMin="0.033">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE540ECC60263967940" box="[151,213,1542,1566]" degrees="0.033" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="0.033">0.033</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE540AEC60262617940" box="[213,290,1542,1566]" degrees="0.050" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="-0.05">–0.050</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF1FFE541BDC60261C77940" box="[454,644,1542,1566]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="0.029" valueMax="0.035" valueMin="0.023">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE541BDC60261477940" box="[454,516,1542,1566]" degrees="0.023" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="0.023">0.023</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE5427EC60261117940" box="[517,594,1542,1566]" degrees="0.035" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="-0.035">–0.035</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
wide, a few asymmetric 6-radiates, and some rods, crosses and multiradiates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF1FFE5417AC62E622E791C" box="[257,365,1578,1602]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1822,1845]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-43@62.[151,1436,189,1776]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 55. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Sclerites: A, from coenenchymal mounds; B, from branch tip; C, from base. Scale bars are 0.05 mm." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 55B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The coenenchyme on the base of the colony also contains abundant 8-radiates, which are
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF1FFE540ECC64A621B7938" box="[151,344,1614,1638]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="0.0475" valueMax="0.058" valueMin="0.037">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE540ECC64A63957938" box="[151,214,1614,1638]" degrees="0.037" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="0.037">0.037</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE540AEC64A62607938" box="[213,291,1614,1638]" degrees="0.058" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="-0.058">–0.058</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B5DFFF1FFE541ABC64A61D27938" box="[464,657,1614,1638]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="0.032" valueMax="0.041" valueMin="0.023">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE541ABC64A614C7938" box="[464,527,1614,1638]" degrees="0.023" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="0.023">0.023</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E507FFFF1FFE5426BC64A611F7938" box="[528,604,1614,1638]" degrees="0.041" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="55" value="-0.041">–0.041</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
wide, and a few symmetric 6-radiates, 7-radiates and crosses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF1FFE54515C64A638A79D4" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1822,1845]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-43@62.[151,1436,189,1776]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 55. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Sclerites: A, from coenenchymal mounds; B, from branch tip; C, from base. Scale bars are 0.05 mm." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 55C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The statistical data for sclerites of this specimen are shown in Table 13.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF1FFE540ACC6926739798C" blockId="58.[151,1436,1326,2034]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The most abundant sclerites, the 8-radiates, are similar in size in the three regions sampled and do not significantly differ in their length (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE7DFFF1FFE54261C6BE61C3798C" box="[538,640,1722,1746]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">ANOVA</collectionCode>
|
||
, p>0.05). They are the largest sclerites of all.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF1FFE540B4C6DA611E78D8" blockId="58.[151,1436,1326,2034]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF1FFE540B4C6DA617B79A8" box="[207,568,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Relative abundance of sclerites</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF1FFE54230C6DA61E179A8" box="[587,674,1758,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1026,1049]" captionTargetBox="[283,1349,163,997]" captionTargetId="figure-59@63.[196,1392,148,1045]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 56. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
|
||
; Table 13):
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B623CE5FFF1FFE54349C6DA611B78D8" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="USNM 19932" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
There are 6 kinds of sclerites in the coenenchyme of specimen
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAC9EC3FFF1FFE54173C70662EA7844" box="[264,425,1794,1818]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="Museum">USNM 19932</specimenCode>
|
||
. Unlike the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B1881AFFF1FFE5424AC70761CF7845" box="[561,652,1795,1819]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, asymmetric 6-radiates are not present. In the coenenchymal mounds, 8-radiates represent 74% of the sclerites, multi-radiates 14%, and rods 13%. In the branch tip, 8-radiates represent 70% of the sclerites, and 7-radiates 10%. In the base, 8-radiates are also the most abundant form, present as 65%, while crosses represent 20% of the total
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF1FFE540ACC796676278AC" blockId="58.[151,1436,1326,2034]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">The most abundant sclerites are 8-radiates, composing over 65% of all sclerites. Small rods are few in the branch tips, but are quite numerous in the coenenchymal mounds, multi-radiates are few and found only in the coenenchymal mounds and the branch tip, and 6-, 7-radiates and crosses are few.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF756630FFF7FFE340ECC7B460AB78BA" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" startId="60.[151,250,1968,1991]" targetBox="[151,1436,155,1941]" targetPageId="60">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF7FFE340ECC7B460AB78BA" blockId="60.[151,1436,1968,2020]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF7FFE340ECC7B462677899" bold="true" box="[151,292,1968,1991]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 53.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF7FFE34154C7B460517898" authority="(Kishinouye, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[303,786,1968,1990]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF7FFE34154C7B461797898" box="[303,570,1968,1990]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Paracorallium japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kishinouye, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM 19932. Surface of branch tip (stereo pairs). Arrows indicate the pits underneath original locations of autozooids. Scale bars are 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF756630FFF6FFE240ECC43062257B37" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" startId="61.[151,250,1076,1099]" targetBox="[151,1436,165,1054]" targetPageId="61">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF6FFE240ECC43062257B37" blockId="61.[151,1437,1076,1129]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF6FFE240ECC43062617B15" bold="true" box="[151,290,1076,1099]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 54.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF6FFE24151C43060467B14" authority="(Kishinouye, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[298,773,1076,1098]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF6FFE24151C43061717B14" box="[298,562,1076,1098]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Paracorallium japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kishinouye, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM 19932. Axis. Detail of surface with thorny projections. Scale bar is 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF6FFE240B4C4CA672C7910" blockId="61.[151,1436,1230,2005]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF6FFE240B4C4CA62727BB8" box="[207,305,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: The average composition of the basal sclerites in these
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD31FFF6FFE243C2C4CA67227BB8" box="[953,1121,1230,1254]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE7DFFF6FFE2440BC4CA67807BB8" box="[1136,1219,1230,1254]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
19931 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE7DFFF6FFE24530C4CA66DF7BB8" box="[1355,1436,1230,1254]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
19932) is significantly different from all other species examined in this study (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6880303FFF6FFE2446EC4F5672E7A57" box="[1045,1133,1265,1289]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,239,1454,1478]" captionText="TABLE 3. Summary results of Chi-square tests for differences in composition of basal sclerites in each species: C. elatius group, average of USNM 19925, USNM19927 and USNM 19928; C. konojoi, USNM 19929; P. inutile, USNM 19935; P. japonicum, average of USNM 19931 and USNM 19932." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
; Chi-square test). The
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD31FFF6FFE24509C4F6624F7A70" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
have almost the same colony shape and colour (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF6FFE2430EC51260987A70" box="[885,987,1302,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1414,1437]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,575,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-198@50.[151,1436,543,1398]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 43. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Entire specimen. Scale bar is 5 cm, scale divisions 1.0 mm." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF6FFE24394C512674D7A70" box="[1007,1038,1302,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1290,1313]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-107@57.[151,1436,337,1269]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 50. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Entire specimen. Scale bar is 5 cm, scale divisions 1.0 mm." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">50</figureCitation>
|
||
), size, shape and distribution of coenenchymal mounds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF6FFE241D7C53D614F7A0F" box="[428,524,1337,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1983,2006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1516,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-202@50.[151,1436,1516,1961]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 44. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Detail of colony surface (left: “front” side, right: “back” side). Scale divisions are 0.5 mm." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF6FFE24261C53D617B7A0F" box="[538,568,1337,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1423,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-110@57.[151,1436,1423,1902]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 51. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Detail of colony surface (left: “front” side, right: “back” side). Scale divisions are 0.5 mm." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">51</figureCitation>
|
||
), axis surface sculpture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF6FFE24323C53D60FA7A0F" box="[856,953,1337,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,180,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-55@52.[151,1436,180,1926]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 46. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Surface of branch tip (stereo pairs). Arrows indicate the pits underneath original locations of autozooids. Scale divisions above are 1.0 mm and scale bar below is 0.5 mm." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF6FFE243BDC53D60A77A0F" box="[966,996,1337,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1102,1125]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1081]" captionTargetId="figure-337@53.[151,1436,193,1081]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 47. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Axis. Detail of surface with thorny projections. Scale bar is 0.05 mm." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">47</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF6FFE24388C53D67527A0F" box="[1011,1041,1337,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1968,1991]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,155,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-46@60.[151,1436,155,1941]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 53. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Surface of branch tip (stereo pairs). Arrows indicate the pits underneath original locations of autozooids. Scale bars are 0.2 mm." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">53</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF6FFE24464C53D677F7A0F" box="[1055,1084,1337,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1076,1099]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,165,1054]" captionTargetId="figure-398@61.[151,1436,165,1054]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 54. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Axis. Detail of surface with thorny projections. Scale bar is 0.1 mm." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">54</figureCitation>
|
||
) and surface ornamentation of sclerites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF6FFE24173C55A62297A28" box="[264,362,1374,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1921,1944]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,243,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-42@55.[151,1436,243,1860]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 48. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Sclerites: A, from coenenchymal mounds; B, from branch tip; C, from base. Scale bars are 0.05 mm." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF6FFE24107C55A62D87A28" box="[380,411,1374,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1822,1845]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-43@62.[151,1436,189,1776]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 55. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Sclerites: A, from coenenchymal mounds; B, from branch tip; C, from base. Scale bars are 0.05 mm." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">55</figureCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, the sizes of the 8-radiates in the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD31FFF6FFE243BDC55A67327A28" box="[966,1137,1374,1398]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
overlap (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF6FFE2449DC55A66037A28" box="[1254,1344,1374,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1962,1985]" captionTargetBox="[458,1063,1131,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-61@63.[427,1173,1116,1942]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 57. Comparison of size of 8-radiates from two specimens of Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932 versus neotype, USNM 19931. 8-radiates are combined from all parts sampled." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
|
||
). These characteristics were first described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF6FFE24234C58560687AC7" author="Kishinouye, K." box="[591,811,1409,1433]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="103 - 106" refId="ref21335" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1903 b) Honpou san no sango. Doubutsu Gaku Zasshi, 15, 103 - 106. (in Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1903">Kishinouye (1903b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF6FFE24343C58560C27AC7" author="Kishinouye, K." box="[824,897,1409,1433]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref21362" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1904 a) Sango no kenkyu. Suisan Chosa Hokoku, 14, 1 - 31. (in Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1904">1904a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,b), so we therefore conclude they are the same species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF6FFE2408CC5A362C97AE0" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[247,394,1447,1470]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF6FFE2408CC5A362C97AE0" box="[247,394,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">P. japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Compositions of basal sclerites are not significantly different from each other (Chi-square test, p>0.05), but there is some variation in percent composition of the different
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B1881AFFF6FFE2443CC5CE67C17ABC" box="[1095,1154,1482,1506]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of sclerites in the other colony regions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF6FFE24134C5EA62EE7958" box="[335,429,1518,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1079,1102]" captionTargetBox="[319,1317,193,1020]" captionTargetId="figure-400@56.[238,1350,193,1058]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 49. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF6FFE241C0C5EA62997958" box="[443,474,1518,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1026,1049]" captionTargetBox="[283,1349,163,997]" captionTargetId="figure-59@63.[196,1392,148,1045]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 56. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">56</figureCitation>
|
||
), which may be attributed to mere variation.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF6FFE243A6C5EA67FB7958" author="Kishinouye, K." box="[989,1208,1518,1542]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="103 - 106" refId="ref21335" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1903 b) Honpou san no sango. Doubutsu Gaku Zasshi, 15, 103 - 106. (in Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1903">Kishinouye (1903b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF6FFE244BEC5EA664E7958" author="Kishinouye, K." box="[1221,1293,1518,1542]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref21362" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1904 a) Sango no kenkyu. Suisan Chosa Hokoku, 14, 1 - 31. (in Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1904">1904a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,b) described only three kinds of sclerites, abundant 8-radiates, and rare crosses and rods. We also observed abundant 8-radiates, but found more kinds of rare sclerites, 6- and 7-radiates in our specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF6FFE243A2C63267747910" box="[985,1079,1590,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1079,1102]" captionTargetBox="[319,1317,193,1020]" captionTargetId="figure-400@56.[238,1350,193,1058]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 49. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), neotype, USNM 19931. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A3DFFF6FFE24439C63267217910" box="[1090,1122,1590,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1026,1049]" captionTargetBox="[283,1349,163,997]" captionTargetId="figure-59@63.[196,1392,148,1045]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 56. Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19932. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">56</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF6FFE240B6C65D62867833" blockId="61.[151,1436,1230,2005]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B49FFF6FFE240B6C65D62EF792F" author="Kishinouye, K." box="[205,428,1625,1649]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="623 - 626" refId="ref21307" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1903 a) Preliminary note on the Coralliidae of Japan. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 26 (705), 623 - 626." type="journal article" year="1903">Kishinouye (1903a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not designate any types for this species, and he described only the general distribution off the southwestern coast of Kyushu, and off Tosa, not a specific locality. The Smithsonian specimens, which were not mentioned in his publication, were collected from Tosa, meaning
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7628FFF6FFE243D0C6A560B179E7" box="[939,1010,1697,1721]" name="India" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Kochi</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and were each subsequently labelled as “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B1881AFFF6FFE240B9C6C2625C7980" box="[194,287,1734,1758]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
”, but not by Kishinouye. These are the only specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF6FFE243BEC6C267AA7980" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[965,1257,1734,1758]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF6FFE243BEC6C267AA7980" box="[965,1257,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Paracorallium japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known to exist that were collected and identified by Kishinouye. The more complete colony,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE7DFFF6FFE2447CC6ED671B785F" box="[1031,1112,1769,1793]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
19931, is designated here to be the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B1881AFFF6FFE24099C70A62797878" box="[226,314,1806,1830]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and fixes the characters of the species. The special character, the dark red axis, occurs in only three species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF6FFE2408CC73662277814" box="[247,356,1842,1866]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ducale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF6FFE2408CC73662277814" box="[247,356,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. ducale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF6FFE24108C73662A97817" authorityName="Hickson" authorityYear="1907" box="[371,490,1842,1866]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reginae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF6FFE24108C73662A97817" box="[371,490,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. reginae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF6FFE24259C73661F77817" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[546,692,1842,1865]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF6FFE24259C73661F77817" box="[546,692,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">P. japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However double club sclerites are present in former two species but absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF6FFE24156C75362FD7830" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[301,446,1879,1902]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF6FFE24156C75362FD7830" box="[301,446,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">P. japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536B8FFF6FFE240B4C77D62BD788A" blockId="61.[151,1436,1230,2005]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
As mentioned above, both of these specimens have axial pits beneath the coenenchymal mounds, but without beaded margins. Therefore, as they do not exactly fit the diagnosis for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D3BFFF6FFE24463C79F67FE78ED" authorityName="Bayer & Cairns" authorityYear="2003" box="[1048,1213,1947,1971]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Paracorallium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAAAFFF6FFE24463C79F67FE78ED" box="[1048,1213,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Paracorallium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we have kept them in this genus only provisionally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |