plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/A3/87/03A3879AFFFCFD136C9DFD01FBB5FB92.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

458 lines
69 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="D16C9B47515063D95898615FD006F7E3" ID-CLB-Dataset="45478" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3815.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="785b35cd-a036-4d94-b9f0-f242a4acfdcc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="228576" ID-ZooBank="067A078F-E20A-487D-9F6A-4B29ADD41ADD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460437467763" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vacelet, Jean &amp; Kelly, Michelle" docDate="2014" docId="03A3879AFFFCFD136C9DFD01FBB5FB92" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03815p396.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3815 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cladorhizidae Dendy" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="392" masterDocId="FF9AFFE2FFFDFD156C0AFFD6FFA8FFCA" masterDocTitle="A new species of Abyssocladia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Cladorhizidae) and other carnivorous sponges from the far eastern Solomon Islands" masterLastPageNumber="396" masterPageNumber="386" pageNumber="387" updateTime="1698332393183" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="FB2F4E92F6C20F12678D7502F840EBAB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="EA8DCD1E6DB107A30B284AF346DCF4D6">
<mods:title id="9BACE3048C1A2E2D4261DF9FEBE33B4E">A new species of Abyssocladia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Cladorhizidae) and other carnivorous sponges from the far eastern Solomon Islands</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A0E065EF229BCD00A6E02DA0D6562E20" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EBB9C7216C8835AE1E92AF610C53E0A2">
<mods:roleTerm id="499F34CB806C8FEE2E1A748206FA2EC6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DDC498898F6DF903B97FE3DA1D1557BE">Vacelet, Jean</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="83A4E925653714EA75E0AF609ED7A48F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8E4E35DC654F3D162C25335A84381E43">
<mods:roleTerm id="CA2789C936038A8031E8769576B74DBD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FFF5463D646513332B0645848E8C7D82">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7951DB1B8FE9D5C63BA86E8D5295FBDF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="2FD5D48B17A2F74E4FA2F9E4698A6A46" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="61A80D92D63B2AB8017B53B8F23C3CD2">
<mods:title id="3F3A7765352552B1F888C38EA7F02B40">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="474B4D83C28FB1704ADA380FCF1D7ADC">
<mods:date id="AFA4BEF2812944108CFB62B86613B71C">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="EA010D265BC83953BEAC5B0F3C5BA4F8" type="volume">
<mods:number id="EE26E16B8262CDFA3129856462DEFB36">3815</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="731F21E2F90C3B0ED8A54540DE08B035" type="issue">
<mods:number id="AB14DF664CD2CCB537F71801A2907BF1">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="66420DE135B4AA893ABE1043AC968348" unit="page">
<mods:start id="BB0298F0E80E547ADF614F1D7028FFBC">386</mods:start>
<mods:end id="71DB0EE0FB2E59B287BE0458F9811D3B">396</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="7E208C5A15FB5914246BB30FD28035AC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="BC8ECB4C05CFED3233D7F4762A270840" type="CLB-Dataset">45478</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0AE137DE7EFDBFEABBAFB6AECA2888C9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3815.3.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8C69B69A899FA401F85A01DF1DD569A8" type="GBIF-Dataset">785b35cd-a036-4d94-b9f0-f242a4acfdcc</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="98FD56F5889C3D637B72A208ECEA90F4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="64ED85EEDC1472E6D77CB038740D4002" type="Zenodo-Dep">228576</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E9C0747E5B969EB6C459DA1D3406D275" type="ZooBank">067A078F-E20A-487D-9F6A-4B29ADD41ADD</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A3879AFFFCFD136C9DFD01FBB5FB92" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5682462" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119506950" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5682462" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A3879AFFFCFD136C9DFD01FBB5FB92" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3879AFFFCFD136C9DFD01FBB5FB92" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<subSubSection id="C3106507FFFCFD146C9DFD01FE15FCF2" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFCFD146C9DFD01FE58FD3A" blockId="1.[151,496,727,752]" box="[151,496,727,752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<heading id="D0FD81E0FFFCFD146C9DFD01FE58FD3A" bold="true" box="[151,496,727,752]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFCFD146C9DFD01FE58FD3A" bold="true" box="[151,496,727,752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFCFD146CF8FD01FE58FD3A" ID-CoL="84K2T" authority="Dendy" authorityName="Dendy" box="[242,496,727,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae Dendy</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFCFD146C9DFCC9FE15FCF2" blockId="1.[151,445,799,824]" box="[151,445,799,824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFCFD146C9DFCC9FF4BFCF2" bold="true" box="[151,227,799,824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Genus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFCFD146CE0FCF6FE15FCF2" authority="Levi" authorityName="Levi" box="[234,445,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
Abyssocladia
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFCFD146D82FCC9FE15FCF2" bold="true" box="[392,445,799,824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Lévi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106507FFFCFD146C9DFCBEFE17FCB4" box="[151,447,872,894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFCFD146C9DFCBEFE17FCB4" blockId="1.[151,447,872,894]" box="[151,447,872,894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1A11A2FFFCFD146C9DFCBEFE17FCB4" box="[151,447,872,894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFCFD146C9DFCBEFE13FCB4" ID-CoL="84L25" authority="Levi, 1964: 78" authorityName="Levi" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,443,872,894]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFCFD146C9DFCBEFEB6FCB4" box="[151,286,872,894]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Abyssocladia</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AAB109DFFFCFD146D2EFCBEFE13FCB4" author="Levi" box="[292,443,872,894]" page="78" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B7DFFFCFD146D2EFCBEFE3EFCB4" author="Levi" box="[292,406,872,894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" refString="Levi, C. (1964) Spongiaires des zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report, 7, 63 - 112." type="journal article" year="1964">Lévi, 1964</bibRefCitation>
: 78
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106507FFFCFD146C9DFC7CFC29FC09" box="[151,897,938,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFCFD146C9DFC7CFC29FC09" blockId="1.[151,1436,938,1071]" box="[151,897,938,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFCFD146C9DFC7CFE83FC09" bold="true" box="[151,299,938,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<typeStatus id="54B1882EFFFCFD146C9DFC7CFF7AFC09" box="[151,210,938,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFCFD146D30FC7DFD63FC09" authority="Levi, 1964: 78" authorityName="Levi" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1964" box="[314,715,938,963]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bruuni">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFCFD146D30FC7DFD89FC09" box="[314,545,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Abyssocladia bruuni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B7DFFFCFD146E2DFC7CFD0DFC09" author="Levi" box="[551,677,938,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" refString="Levi, C. (1964) Spongiaires des zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report, 7, 63 - 112." type="journal article" year="1964">Lévi, 1964</bibRefCitation>
: 78
</taxonomicName>
(by monotypy).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106507FFFCFD146CCDFC18FEF6FB75" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFCFD146CCDFC18FE46FBE5" blockId="1.[151,1436,938,1071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFCFD146CCDFC18FEE9FC2D" bold="true" box="[199,321,974,999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFCFD146D46FC18FE41FC2D" box="[332,489,974,999]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
most often pedunculate, carrying a disciform or flabelliform body with a radial architecture. Microscleres are a combination of abyssochelae, cleistochelae, arcuate chelae, and/or sigmancistras (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B7DFFFCFD146C95FBC1FE4AFBE5" author="Lopes" box="[159,482,1046,1071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" refString="Lopes, D. A., Bravo, A. &amp; Hajdu, E. (2011) New carnivorous sponges (Cladorhizidae: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae) from off Diego Ramirez Archipelago (south Chile), with comments on taxonomy and biogeography of the family. Invertebrate Systematics, 25, 407 - 443. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / is 11015" type="journal article" year="2011">Lopes, Bravo &amp; Hajdu 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFCFD146C9DFB55FEF6FB75" blockId="1.[151,504,1154,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFCFD146C9DFB55FE30FB51" box="[151,408,1155,1179]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lakwollii" status="sp. nov.">Abyssocladia lakwollii</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D57E5FFFCFD146D95FB54FE50FB51" box="[415,504,1154,1179]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFCFD146D95FB54FE50FB51" bold="true" box="[415,504,1154,1179]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFFCFD146C95FB70FEABFB75" box="[159,259,1190,1215]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,946,968]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1434,193,1707]" captionTargetBox-1="[168,1418,193,1837]" captionTargetBox-2="[161,1435,193,924]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1435,193,1713]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[168,1419,193,1837]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1435,193,924]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. in situ, images taken from remote-operated vehicle (ROV), far eastern Solomon Islands: A. sponges clustered on hydrothermal chimneys, arrows point to putative specimens of Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) desmophora; B. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. showing halo of filaments around disc-shaped body; C. another view of clusters of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. and translucent clouds of bacteria; D. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii s p. nov. showing terminal swellings on the radiating filaments. Scale bar of D approximated from the ROV laser pointers which are 63 mm apart. Image credit: Bluewater Metals (Solomon Islands) Ltd / Neptune Minerals, Inc." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. holotype NIWA 81633 left, eight specimens to right of holotype are paratypes included under accession number NIWA 81378; B. paratype NIWA 81379; C. mycalostyle I; D. mycalostyle II; E. head and tip of mycalostyle II; F. substrongyle of the attachment base; G. anchorate isochelae I with sigmancistras attached; H. anchorate isochela II with sigmancistras attached; I. arcuate isochela III; J. cleistochelae with sigmancistras attached. Note crossed central upper and lower teeth. K. likely immature cleistochela; L. sigmancistras." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. section through specimen with broken peduncle on Fig. 2 A, far right; B. enlarged detail of the disc." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/228577/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/228578/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/228579/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
, Tab. 1)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106507FFFCFD146C9DFB38FD1AFA5D" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFCFD146C9DFB38FEDAFAB9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1262,1971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFCFD146C9DFB38FDA7FACD" bold="true" box="[151,527,1262,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Material examined. Holotype—</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE49FFFCFD146E05FB39FDF0FACD" box="[527,600,1263,1287]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">NIWA</collectionCode>
81633:
<accessionNumber id="9459AB6FFFFCFD146EB9FB38FCA5FACD" box="[691,781,1262,1287]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z15666" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="EnaNcbi">Z15666</accessionNumber>
, far eastern
<collectingCountry id="F31D761CFFFCFD146F99FB38FBF8FACD" box="[915,1104,1262,1287]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, 12° S, 167° E,
<quantity id="4CF29B69FFFCFD14690AFB39FAFFFACC" box="[1280,1367,1263,1287]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" unit="m" value="1090.0">1090 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB4104CFFFCFD146968FB39FF7AFAE1" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" value="2012-01-09">9 Jan 2012</date>
, ROV.
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFCFD146D2EFAC4FE1FFAE1" bold="true" box="[292,439,1298,1323]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Paratypes—</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE49FFFCFD146DBDFAC5FDA8FAE1" box="[439,512,1299,1323]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">NIWA</collectionCode>
81378,
<accessionNumber id="9459AB6FFFFCFD146E57FAC4FD1FFAE1" box="[605,695,1298,1323]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z15666" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="EnaNcbi">Z15666</accessionNumber>
, far eastern
<collectingCountry id="F31D761CFFFCFD146F4BFAC4FBA8FAE1" box="[833,1024,1298,1323]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, 12° S, 167° E,
<quantity id="4CF29B69FFFCFD1468BCFAC5FAA6FAE0" box="[1206,1294,1299,1323]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" unit="m" value="1090.0">1090 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB4104CFFFCFD146910FAC5FA30FAE1" box="[1306,1432,1299,1323]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" value="2012-01-09">9 Jan 2012</date>
, ROV (eight specimens);
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE49FFFCFD146DA5FAE1FE50FA85" box="[431,504,1335,1359]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">NIWA</collectionCode>
81379:
<accessionNumber id="9459AB6FFFFCFD146E5FFAE0FD07FA85" box="[597,687,1334,1359]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z15665" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="EnaNcbi">Z15665</accessionNumber>
, far eastern
<collectingCountry id="F31D761CFFFCFD146F3DFAE0FC5EFA85" box="[823,1014,1334,1359]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, 12° S, 167° E,
<quantity id="4CF29B69FFFCFD1468A0FAE1FAA9FA84" box="[1194,1281,1335,1359]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" unit="m" value="1090.0">1090 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB4104CFFFCFD146907FAE1FA30FA85" box="[1293,1432,1335,1359]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" value="2012-01-10">10 Jan 2012</date>
, ROV (
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD05FFFCFD146CEEFA8DFECEFAB9" box="[228,358,1370,1395]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFCFD146CCDFAA8FD1AFA5D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1262,1971]" box="[199,690,1406,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFCFD146CCDFAA8FECDFA5D" bold="true" box="[199,357,1406,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<typeStatus id="54B1882EFFFCFD146CCDFAA8FEAAFA5D" box="[199,258,1406,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Far eastern
<collectingCountry id="F31D761CFFFCFD146DE4FAA8FD06FA5D" box="[494,686,1406,1431]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106507FFFCFD146CCDFA74FCDAFA71" box="[199,882,1442,1467]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFCFD146CCDFA74FCDAFA71" blockId="1.[151,1437,1262,1971]" box="[199,882,1442,1467]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFCFD146CCDFA74FEC8FA71" bold="true" box="[199,352,1442,1467]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Distribution.</emphasis>
Only known from the
<collectingCountry id="F31D761CFFFCFD146E6AFA74FCB3FA71" box="[608,795,1442,1467]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106507FFFCFD106CCDFA10FED3F838" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFCFD146CCDFA10FDA4F935" blockId="1.[151,1437,1262,1971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFCFD146CCDFA10FEF1FA15" bold="true" box="[199,345,1478,1503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Description.</emphasis>
Minute pedunculate sponge consisting of a flattened disc attached at the end of a thin peduncle (
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFFCFD146C95FA3CFF48F9C9" box="[159,224,1514,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. in situ, images taken from remote-operated vehicle (ROV), far eastern Solomon Islands: A. sponges clustered on hydrothermal chimneys, arrows point to putative specimens of Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) desmophora; B. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. showing halo of filaments around disc-shaped body; C. another view of clusters of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. and translucent clouds of bacteria; D. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii s p. nov. showing terminal swellings on the radiating filaments. Scale bar of D approximated from the ROV laser pointers which are 63 mm apart. Image credit: Bluewater Metals (Solomon Islands) Ltd / Neptune Minerals, Inc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228577/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), with radiating filaments (
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFFCFD146E19FA3CFDFAF9C9" box="[531,594,1514,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. in situ, images taken from remote-operated vehicle (ROV), far eastern Solomon Islands: A. sponges clustered on hydrothermal chimneys, arrows point to putative specimens of Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) desmophora; B. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. showing halo of filaments around disc-shaped body; C. another view of clusters of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. and translucent clouds of bacteria; D. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii s p. nov. showing terminal swellings on the radiating filaments. Scale bar of D approximated from the ROV laser pointers which are 63 mm apart. Image credit: Bluewater Metals (Solomon Islands) Ltd / Neptune Minerals, Inc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228577/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D), absent in the preserved specimens, that form a flat to concave umbrella (
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFFCFD146C95F9D8FF4AF9ED" box="[159,226,1550,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. in situ, images taken from remote-operated vehicle (ROV), far eastern Solomon Islands: A. sponges clustered on hydrothermal chimneys, arrows point to putative specimens of Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) desmophora; B. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. showing halo of filaments around disc-shaped body; C. another view of clusters of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. and translucent clouds of bacteria; D. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii s p. nov. showing terminal swellings on the radiating filaments. Scale bar of D approximated from the ROV laser pointers which are 63 mm apart. Image credit: Bluewater Metals (Solomon Islands) Ltd / Neptune Minerals, Inc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228577/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFFCFD146CFBF9D9FF57F9ED" box="[241,255,1551,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1419,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. holotype NIWA 81633 left, eight specimens to right of holotype are paratypes included under accession number NIWA 81378; B. paratype NIWA 81379; C. mycalostyle I; D. mycalostyle II; E. head and tip of mycalostyle II; F. substrongyle of the attachment base; G. anchorate isochelae I with sigmancistras attached; H. anchorate isochela II with sigmancistras attached; I. arcuate isochela III; J. cleistochelae with sigmancistras attached. Note crossed central upper and lower teeth. K. likely immature cleistochela; L. sigmancistras." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228578/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">2</figureCitation>
A, B). Total length of the largest collected specimen, the
<typeStatus id="54B1882EFFFCFD146F82F9D8FC45F9ED" box="[904,1005,1550,1575]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, is
<quantity id="4CF29B69FFFCFD146819F9D8FBCCF9EC" box="[1043,1124,1550,1575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" unit="cm" value="5.7">5.7 cm</quantity>
. Stalks are smooth, ranging from
<quantity id="4CF29B69FFFCFD146CDDF9E5FED5F980" box="[215,381,1587,1611]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3049999999999997" metricValueMax="4.43" metricValueMin="2.18" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" unit="mm" value="33.05" valueMax="44.3" valueMin="21.8">21.8–44.3 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CF29B69FFFCFD146DFEF9E5FDD6F980" box="[500,638,1587,1611]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.9 mm</quantity>
in diameter, attached by an expanded base to a small piece of rocky debris, present in only three of the specimens. Body discs are
<quantity id="4CF29B69FFFCFD146F42F981FC60F9A4" box="[840,968,1623,1647]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" metricValueMax="10.8" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" unit="mm" value="7.4" valueMax="10.8" valueMin="4.0">4–10.8 mm</quantity>
in diameter, approximately
<quantity id="4CF29B69FFFCFD14690BF981FAFFF9A4" box="[1281,1367,1623,1647]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
thick, bearing short conical expansions
<quantity id="4CF29B69FFFCFD146E06F9ACFDD8F958" box="[524,624,1658,1683]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" unit="mm" value="1.25">1.25 mm</quantity>
in maximum length, regularly disposed on the rim, being the remains of radiating filaments more or less well preserved. Color in life, pure white (
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFFCFD146FC7F948FBA4F97D" box="[973,1036,1694,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. in situ, images taken from remote-operated vehicle (ROV), far eastern Solomon Islands: A. sponges clustered on hydrothermal chimneys, arrows point to putative specimens of Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) desmophora; B. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. showing halo of filaments around disc-shaped body; C. another view of clusters of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. and translucent clouds of bacteria; D. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii s p. nov. showing terminal swellings on the radiating filaments. Scale bar of D approximated from the ROV laser pointers which are 63 mm apart. Image credit: Bluewater Metals (Solomon Islands) Ltd / Neptune Minerals, Inc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228577/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D), in ethanol preservative white or cream, appearing translucent with a few small brown dots or blotches. Living tissue appears quite dense. No apertures or canal system visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFCFD146CCDF8DDFEC4F879" blockId="1.[151,1437,1262,1971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFCFD146CCDF8DDFEA7F8E8" box="[199,271,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">In situ</emphasis>
photographs taken by ROV at the collection site show an abundant species, pure white in color, of the same shape as the collected specimens, but with a remarkable halo of radiating filaments (
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFFCFD1468D8F8F8FABFF88D" box="[1234,1303,1838,1863]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. in situ, images taken from remote-operated vehicle (ROV), far eastern Solomon Islands: A. sponges clustered on hydrothermal chimneys, arrows point to putative specimens of Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) desmophora; B. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. showing halo of filaments around disc-shaped body; C. another view of clusters of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. and translucent clouds of bacteria; D. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii s p. nov. showing terminal swellings on the radiating filaments. Scale bar of D approximated from the ROV laser pointers which are 63 mm apart. Image credit: Bluewater Metals (Solomon Islands) Ltd / Neptune Minerals, Inc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228577/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B, D). The approximate size estimated from the ROV laser pointer is in accordance with the collected specimens: stalk
<quantity id="4CF29B69FFFCFD14695CF885FF6BF844" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="18.0">18–39 mm</quantity>
long, disc
<quantity id="4CF29B69FFFCFD146D34F8A1FE01F844" box="[318,425,1911,1935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="8.0">8–17 mm</quantity>
in diameter. The filaments,
<quantity id="4CF29B69FFFCFD146EEFF8A0FCCEF844" box="[741,870,1910,1935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="0.65" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" unit="mm" value="12.75" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="6.5">6.5–19 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CF29B69FFFCFD146FDFF8A1FBE6F845" box="[981,1102,1910,1935]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" unit="in" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30 to 40 in</quantity>
number, all ending in a small swelling (
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFFCFD146D0FF84CFEECF879" box="[261,324,1946,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. in situ, images taken from remote-operated vehicle (ROV), far eastern Solomon Islands: A. sponges clustered on hydrothermal chimneys, arrows point to putative specimens of Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) desmophora; B. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. showing halo of filaments around disc-shaped body; C. another view of clusters of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. and translucent clouds of bacteria; D. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii s p. nov. showing terminal swellings on the radiating filaments. Scale bar of D approximated from the ROV laser pointers which are 63 mm apart. Image credit: Bluewater Metals (Solomon Islands) Ltd / Neptune Minerals, Inc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228577/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF756604FFFEFD166C9DF910FBCBF8BC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228577/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" targetBox="[151,1434,193,1707]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFEFD166C9DF910FBCBF8BC" blockId="3.[151,1436,1734,1910]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFEFD166C9DF910FEA6F916" bold="true" box="[151,270,1734,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFEFD166D16F910FDACF916" box="[284,516,1734,1756]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lakwollii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFEFD166D16F910FDACF916" box="[284,516,1734,1756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Abyssocladia lakwollii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D57E5FFFEFD166E01F911FDF5F916" box="[523,605,1735,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFEFD166E01F911FDF5F916" bold="true" box="[523,605,1735,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFEFD166E6FF91EFD0DF917" box="[613,677,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">in situ</emphasis>
, images taken from remote-operated vehicle (ROV), far eastern Solomon Islands: A. sponges clustered on hydrothermal chimneys, arrows point to putative specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFEFD166862F933FEBCF8D0" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="desmophora" subGenus="Asbestopluma">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFEFD166862F933FEBCF8D0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) desmophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B. close-up of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFEFD166DB4F8D2FD0FF8D0" box="[446,679,1796,1818]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lakwollii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFEFD166DB4F8D2FD0FF8D0" box="[446,679,1796,1818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Abyssocladia lakwollii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D57E5FFFEFD166EA5F8D2FCA9F8D3" box="[687,769,1796,1817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFEFD166EA5F8D2FCA9F8D3" bold="true" box="[687,769,1796,1817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
showing halo of filaments around disc-shaped body; C. another view of clusters of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFEFD166D52F8F5FD95F8F3" box="[344,573,1827,1849]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lakwollii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFEFD166D52F8F5FD95F8F3" box="[344,573,1827,1849]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Abyssocladia lakwollii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D57E5FFFEFD166E4EF8F5FD3CF8F2" box="[580,660,1827,1848]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFEFD166E4EF8F5FD3CF8F2" bold="true" box="[580,660,1827,1848]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and translucent clouds of bacteria; D. close-up of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFEFD166898F8F5FAD0F8F3" box="[1170,1400,1827,1849]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lakwollii">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFEFD166898F8F5FAD0F8F3" box="[1170,1400,1827,1849]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Abyssocladia lakwollii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFEFD16698DF8F5FF6BF89D" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">p. nov.</emphasis>
showing terminal swellings on the radiating filaments. Scale bar of D approximated from the ROV laser pointers which are 63 mm apart. Image credit: Bluewater Metals (Solomon Islands) Ltd/Neptune Minerals, Inc.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF756604FFF9FD116C9DF898FCD0F815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228578/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" targetBox="[168,1418,193,1837]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFF9FD116C9DF898FCD0F815" blockId="4.[151,1436,1870,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF9FD116C9DF898FEA5F8AE" bold="true" box="[151,269,1870,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFF9FD116D13F898FDA8F8AE" box="[281,512,1870,1892]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lakwollii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF9FD116D13F898FDA8F8AE" box="[281,512,1870,1892]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Abyssocladia lakwollii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D57E5FFF9FD116E0CF899FDFFF8AE" box="[518,599,1871,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF9FD116E0CF899FDFFF8AE" bold="true" box="[518,599,1871,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A. holotype NIWA 81633 left, eight specimens to right of holotype are paratypes included under accession number NIWA 81378; B. paratype NIWA 81379; C. mycalostyle I; D. mycalostyle II; E. head and tip of mycalostyle II; F. substrongyle of the attachment base; G. anchorate isochelae I with sigmancistras attached; H. anchorate isochela II with sigmancistras attached; I. arcuate isochela III; J. cleistochelae with sigmancistras attached. Note crossed central upper and lower teeth. K. likely immature cleistochela; L. sigmancistras.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF756604FFF8FD106C9DFC64FE0BFC2C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228579/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" targetBox="[161,1435,193,924]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFF8FD106C9DFC64FE0BFC2C" blockId="5.[151,1436,946,998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106C9DFC64FEB8FC0D" bold="true" box="[151,272,946,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFF8FD106D2AFC64FDA2FC02" box="[288,522,946,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lakwollii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106D2AFC64FDA2FC02" box="[288,522,946,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Abyssocladia lakwollii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D57E5FFF8FD106E19FC64FDCFFC0D" box="[531,615,946,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106E19FC64FDCFFC0D" bold="true" box="[531,615,946,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A. section through specimen with broken peduncle on Fig. 2A, far right; B. enlarged detail of the disc.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFF8FD106CCDFBDBFEBBFB10" blockId="5.[151,1437,1037,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106CCDFBDBFE9DFBEC" bold="true" box="[199,309,1037,1062]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Peduncle made up of tightly packed large mycalostyles (
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFF8FD106FD7FBDBFB8BFBEC" box="[989,1059,1037,1062]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,946,968]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,193,924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,193,924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. section through specimen with broken peduncle on Fig. 2 A, far right; B. enlarged detail of the disc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228579/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A), longitudinally arranged with points upwardly directed, and very few microscleres. Attachment base with tightly packed shorter mycalostyles I and substrongyles. Mycalostyles I of the peduncle fan out in the disc, diverging into radiating fascicles towards the rim (
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFF8FD106CC5FBAFFEBCFB58" box="[207,276,1145,1170]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,946,968]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,193,924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,193,924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. section through specimen with broken peduncle on Fig. 2 A, far right; B. enlarged detail of the disc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228579/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B). Numerous small diverging fascicles of mycalostyles II are dispersed in the disc. Microscleres are dispersed throughout the disc; highly abundant sigmancistras create a dense lining around the expansions of the rim of the disc.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFF8FD106CCDFB33FE26FA30" blockId="5.[151,1437,1037,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106CCDFB33FE98FB34" bold="true" box="[199,304,1253,1278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres (
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFF8FD106DD3FB33FDB6FB34" box="[473,542,1253,1278]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1419,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. holotype NIWA 81633 left, eight specimens to right of holotype are paratypes included under accession number NIWA 81378; B. paratype NIWA 81379; C. mycalostyle I; D. mycalostyle II; E. head and tip of mycalostyle II; F. substrongyle of the attachment base; G. anchorate isochelae I with sigmancistras attached; H. anchorate isochela II with sigmancistras attached; I. arcuate isochela III; J. cleistochelae with sigmancistras attached. Note crossed central upper and lower teeth. K. likely immature cleistochela; L. sigmancistras." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228578/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C–F, Tab. 1),
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106EC8FB33FCC6FB34" bold="true" box="[706,878,1253,1278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">mycalostyles I</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFF8FD106F8AFB33FC6EFB34" box="[896,966,1253,1278]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1419,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. holotype NIWA 81633 left, eight specimens to right of holotype are paratypes included under accession number NIWA 81378; B. paratype NIWA 81379; C. mycalostyle I; D. mycalostyle II; E. head and tip of mycalostyle II; F. substrongyle of the attachment base; G. anchorate isochelae I with sigmancistras attached; H. anchorate isochela II with sigmancistras attached; I. arcuate isochela III; J. cleistochelae with sigmancistras attached. Note crossed central upper and lower teeth. K. likely immature cleistochela; L. sigmancistras." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228578/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C) of peduncle and disk, straight, feebly fusiform, head sometimes feebly swollen, tip short and acerate; 750–
<date id="FFB4104CFFF8FD106F97FADFFC7CFAE8" box="[925,980,1289,1314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" value="1800-10-15" valueMax="1800-10-31" valueMin="1800-10-15">1800</date>
x 15–31 µm. In the attachment base and the basal part of the stalk, these megascleres are shorter and thicker, often curved in the middle, without swelling at the head, and with a blunt point; 380–980
<date id="FFB4104CFFF8FD106E86FA84FD42FAA0" box="[652,746,1362,1386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" value="1918-10-30">x 18–30</date>
µm, with intermediaries with the mycalostyles of the disk.
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106C9DFAA3FE97FA44" bold="true" box="[151,319,1397,1422]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Substrongyles</emphasis>
in the attachment base (
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFF8FD106E53FAA3FD36FA44" box="[601,670,1397,1422]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1419,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. holotype NIWA 81633 left, eight specimens to right of holotype are paratypes included under accession number NIWA 81378; B. paratype NIWA 81379; C. mycalostyle I; D. mycalostyle II; E. head and tip of mycalostyle II; F. substrongyle of the attachment base; G. anchorate isochelae I with sigmancistras attached; H. anchorate isochela II with sigmancistras attached; I. arcuate isochela III; J. cleistochelae with sigmancistras attached. Note crossed central upper and lower teeth. K. likely immature cleistochela; L. sigmancistras." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228578/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F), overlapping in size with mycalostyle I, slightly curved near the middle; 250–
<date id="FFB4104CFFF8FD106D27FA4FFECBFA78" box="[301,355,1433,1458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" value="1150-10-12" valueMax="1150-10-30" valueMin="1150-10-12">1150</date>
x 12–30 µm.
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106E0FFA4FFD16FA78" bold="true" box="[517,702,1433,1458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Mycalostyles II</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFF8FD106EC4FA4FFCBAFA78" box="[718,786,1433,1458]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1419,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. holotype NIWA 81633 left, eight specimens to right of holotype are paratypes included under accession number NIWA 81378; B. paratype NIWA 81379; C. mycalostyle I; D. mycalostyle II; E. head and tip of mycalostyle II; F. substrongyle of the attachment base; G. anchorate isochelae I with sigmancistras attached; H. anchorate isochela II with sigmancistras attached; I. arcuate isochela III; J. cleistochelae with sigmancistras attached. Note crossed central upper and lower teeth. K. likely immature cleistochela; L. sigmancistras." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228578/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D–E) of the disk, overlapping in size with mycalostyles I although generally thinner, straight, not fusiform, head more swollen than in mycalostyles I, tip short and acerate; 330–
<date id="FFB4104CFFF8FD106CC5FA37FEAEFA30" box="[207,262,1505,1530]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" value="1150-10-06" valueMax="1150-10-20" valueMin="1150-10-06">1150</date>
x 6–20 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFF8FD106CCDF9D3FB95F93D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1037,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">
Microscleres (
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFF8FD106D6CF9D3FE00F9D4" box="[358,424,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1419,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. holotype NIWA 81633 left, eight specimens to right of holotype are paratypes included under accession number NIWA 81378; B. paratype NIWA 81379; C. mycalostyle I; D. mycalostyle II; E. head and tip of mycalostyle II; F. substrongyle of the attachment base; G. anchorate isochelae I with sigmancistras attached; H. anchorate isochela II with sigmancistras attached; I. arcuate isochela III; J. cleistochelae with sigmancistras attached. Note crossed central upper and lower teeth. K. likely immature cleistochela; L. sigmancistras." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228578/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
G–L),
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106DF8F9D3FDC7F9D4" bold="true" box="[498,623,1541,1566]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">isochelae I</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106E75F9D3FCA9F9D4" bold="true" box="[639,769,1541,1566]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">anchorate)</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFF8FD106F05F9D3FCFAF9D4" box="[783,850,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1419,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. holotype NIWA 81633 left, eight specimens to right of holotype are paratypes included under accession number NIWA 81378; B. paratype NIWA 81379; C. mycalostyle I; D. mycalostyle II; E. head and tip of mycalostyle II; F. substrongyle of the attachment base; G. anchorate isochelae I with sigmancistras attached; H. anchorate isochela II with sigmancistras attached; I. arcuate isochela III; J. cleistochelae with sigmancistras attached. Note crossed central upper and lower teeth. K. likely immature cleistochela; L. sigmancistras." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228578/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
G), more or less abundant according to the specimen and location of the sample, always less abundant than cleistochelae. Shaft curved with thin fimbriae of variable development, with five more or less ovoid teeth; 37–52 µm long. Total length 110–150 µm.
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106900F99BFF08F940" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Isochelae II (</emphasis>
a
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106CA6F9A7FE88F940" bold="true" box="[172,288,1649,1674]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">nchorate)</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFF8FD106D3BF9A7FEDDF940" box="[305,373,1649,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1419,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. holotype NIWA 81633 left, eight specimens to right of holotype are paratypes included under accession number NIWA 81378; B. paratype NIWA 81379; C. mycalostyle I; D. mycalostyle II; E. head and tip of mycalostyle II; F. substrongyle of the attachment base; G. anchorate isochelae I with sigmancistras attached; H. anchorate isochela II with sigmancistras attached; I. arcuate isochela III; J. cleistochelae with sigmancistras attached. Note crossed central upper and lower teeth. K. likely immature cleistochela; L. sigmancistras." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228578/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
H), rare, same shape as isochelae I, with five ovoid teeth 35–40 µm long. Total length 58–92 µm. I
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106CDFF943FE7DF964" bold="true" box="[213,469,1685,1710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">sochelae III (arcuate)</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFF8FD106DEFF943FD82F964" box="[485,554,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1419,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. holotype NIWA 81633 left, eight specimens to right of holotype are paratypes included under accession number NIWA 81378; B. paratype NIWA 81379; C. mycalostyle I; D. mycalostyle II; E. head and tip of mycalostyle II; F. substrongyle of the attachment base; G. anchorate isochelae I with sigmancistras attached; H. anchorate isochela II with sigmancistras attached; I. arcuate isochela III; J. cleistochelae with sigmancistras attached. Note crossed central upper and lower teeth. K. likely immature cleistochela; L. sigmancistras." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228578/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">
Fig.
<date id="FFB4104CFFF8FD106E10F940FD82F964" box="[538,554,1686,1710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">2</date>
</figureCitation>
I), with ovoid alae and teeth, 27–36 µm.
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106FF2F943FB3DF964" bold="true" box="[1016,1173,1685,1710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Cleistochelae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFF8FD1068ACF943FB41F964" box="[1190,1257,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1419,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. holotype NIWA 81633 left, eight specimens to right of holotype are paratypes included under accession number NIWA 81378; B. paratype NIWA 81379; C. mycalostyle I; D. mycalostyle II; E. head and tip of mycalostyle II; F. substrongyle of the attachment base; G. anchorate isochelae I with sigmancistras attached; H. anchorate isochela II with sigmancistras attached; I. arcuate isochela III; J. cleistochelae with sigmancistras attached. Note crossed central upper and lower teeth. K. likely immature cleistochela; L. sigmancistras." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228578/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
J–K), abundant, with the two central teeth crossing each other at their ends; 48–70 µm.
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106FDBF96FFBD1F918" bold="true" box="[977,1145,1721,1746]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Sigmancistras</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFF8FD106881F96FFB78F918" box="[1163,1232,1721,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1419,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. holotype NIWA 81633 left, eight specimens to right of holotype are paratypes included under accession number NIWA 81378; B. paratype NIWA 81379; C. mycalostyle I; D. mycalostyle II; E. head and tip of mycalostyle II; F. substrongyle of the attachment base; G. anchorate isochelae I with sigmancistras attached; H. anchorate isochela II with sigmancistras attached; I. arcuate isochela III; J. cleistochelae with sigmancistras attached. Note crossed central upper and lower teeth. K. likely immature cleistochela; L. sigmancistras." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228578/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
L), very abundant with terminal points short, one slightly curved, with a rather thick shaft; 15–20 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFF8FD106CCDF8D7FED3F838" blockId="5.[151,1437,1037,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106CCDF8D7FD21F8D0" bold="true" box="[199,649,1793,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Substrate, depth range and ecology</emphasis>
. Rocky substrate on chimney vents at
<quantity id="4CF29B69FFF8FD10687BF8D4FB79F8D3" box="[1137,1233,1794,1818]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="1090.0">1090 m</quantity>
. The underwater photographs taken by the ROV at the place of collection show a large number of sponges on apparently inactive hydrothermal chimneys, sometimes isolated, but mostly grouped near the tops of the chimneys (
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFF8FD106907F89FFAFBF8A8" box="[1293,1363,1865,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. in situ, images taken from remote-operated vehicle (ROV), far eastern Solomon Islands: A. sponges clustered on hydrothermal chimneys, arrows point to putative specimens of Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) desmophora; B. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. showing halo of filaments around disc-shaped body; C. another view of clusters of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. and translucent clouds of bacteria; D. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii s p. nov. showing terminal swellings on the radiating filaments. Scale bar of D approximated from the ROV laser pointers which are 63 mm apart. Image credit: Bluewater Metals (Solomon Islands) Ltd / Neptune Minerals, Inc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228577/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The associated fauna is poor, mostly galatheid crabs a few encrusting sponges, and at least one other carnivorous sponge, possibly
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFF8FD106D56F844FCECF860" box="[348,836,1938,1962]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="desmophora" subGenus="Asbestopluma">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106D56F844FE51F860" box="[348,505,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Asbestopluma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106E01F844FD00F860" box="[523,680,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Asbestopluma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFF8FD106EB0F844FCECF860" box="[698,836,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">desmophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also described here. In places, the substrate surface harbors translucent clouds which are probably bacterial mats, possibly indicating that the vents are not yet completely inactive.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106507FFFBFD136CCDFF41FED3FF32" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFBFD136CCDFF41FED3FF32" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136CCDFF41FEE6FF7A" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for Mr Moses Lakwolly, a former Minister of Regional Infrastructure in the Temotu Province,
<collectingCountry id="F31D761CFFFBFD136D01FF6AFE63FF1F" box="[267,459,188,213]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, who is remembered for his contribution to the region and untimely death (
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD13693EFF6AFEC3FF32" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Latinised form, genitive case</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106507FFFBFD136CCDFED2FBB5FB92" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFBFD136CCDFED2FB3DFE1A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136CCDFED2FE93FED7" bold="true" box="[199,315,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFBFD136D48FED2FDE8FED6" box="[322,576,260,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lakwollii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136D48FED2FDE8FED6" box="[322,576,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Abyssocladia lakwollii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D57E5FFFBFD136E4CFED2FD08FED7" box="[582,672,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136E4CFED2FD08FED7" bold="true" box="[582,672,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
displays the characteristic shape of many
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFBFD136873FED2FAA6FED6" box="[1145,1294,260,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136873FED2FAA6FED6" box="[1145,1294,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Abyssocladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFBFD136C9DFEFEFD99FE8A" authority="Vacelet, 2008" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,561,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Lollipocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tiburoni">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136C9DFEFEFE26FE8A" box="[151,398,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Lollipocladia tiburoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B7DFFFBFD136D9CFEF1FD99FE8A" author="Vacelet" box="[406,561,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" refString="Vacelet, J. (2008) A new genus of carnivorous sponges (Porifera: Poecilosclerida, Cladorhizidae) from the deep NE Pacific, and remarks on the genus Neocladia. Zootaxa, 1752, 57 - 65." type="journal article" year="2008">Vacelet, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with a flat disc surrounded by radiating filaments forming a halo, attached at the end of a long, thin peduncle. The underwater photographs taken by the ROV show that, as in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFBFD136C9DFEA6FE84FE42" box="[151,300,368,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136C9DFEA6FE84FE42" box="[151,300,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Abyssocladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in life, the denticulate margin in collected
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFBFD136F70FEA6FC56FE42" box="[890,1022,368,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lakwollii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136F70FEA6FC23FE4D" box="[890,907,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136F96FEA6FC56FE42" box="[924,1022,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">lakwollii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D57E5FFFBFD13680DFEB9FBCBFE42" box="[1031,1123,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD13680DFEB9FBCBFE42" bold="true" box="[1031,1123,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
represents what were once long radiating filaments. This new species is well characterized amongst pedunculate disc-shaped species by the large size of the isochelae I and by the shape of the cleistochelae with crossed central teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFBFD136CCDFE0AFAFDFCF2" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">
The presence of a small swelling at the end of the filaments of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFBFD136FC6FE0AFBFAFE3E" box="[972,1106,476,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lakwollii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136FC6FE0AFC75FE39" box="[972,989,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136FFAFE0AFBFAFE3E" box="[1008,1106,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">lakwollii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D57E5FFFBFD136854FE0AFB15FE3F" box="[1118,1213,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136854FE0AFB15FE3F" bold="true" box="[1118,1213,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, clearly visible on underwater images (see
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFFBFD136DA2FE29FE4FFDD2" box="[424,487,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. in situ, images taken from remote-operated vehicle (ROV), far eastern Solomon Islands: A. sponges clustered on hydrothermal chimneys, arrows point to putative specimens of Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) desmophora; B. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. showing halo of filaments around disc-shaped body; C. another view of clusters of Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov. and translucent clouds of bacteria; D. close-up of Abyssocladia lakwollii s p. nov. showing terminal swellings on the radiating filaments. Scale bar of D approximated from the ROV laser pointers which are 63 mm apart. Image credit: Bluewater Metals (Solomon Islands) Ltd / Neptune Minerals, Inc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228577/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D), seems to be exceptional amongst known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFBFD136856FDD6FB59FDD2" box="[1116,1265,512,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136856FDD6FB59FDD2" box="[1116,1265,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Abyssocladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it must be emphasised that there are very few good underwater images available of living species. Such swellings have been observed on the ends of filaments in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFBFD136E3AFD9EFB99FDAA" authority="Ise &amp; Vacelet, 2010" authorityName="Ise &amp; Vacelet" authorityYear="2010" box="[560,1073,583,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="natushimae">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136E3AFD9EFCE5FDAA" box="[560,845,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Abyssocladia natushimae</emphasis>
Ise &amp; Vacelet, 2010
</taxonomicName>
, but the body is not disc-shaped. An unidentified species on a hydrothermal chimney in the Lau Back-Arc Basin, approximately
<quantity id="4CF29B69FFFBFD1368C0FDBAFA85FD4F" box="[1226,1325,620,645]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" unit="km" value="2700.0">2700 km</quantity>
southeast of the
<collectingCountry id="F31D761CFFFBFD136CD4FD59FE32FD62" box="[222,410,655,680]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B7DFFFBFD136DA2FD59FD67FD62" author="Vacelet" box="[424,719,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" refString="Vacelet, J. &amp; Segonzac, M. (2006) Porifera. In: Desbruyeres, D., Segonzac, M., Bright, M. (Eds.), Handbook of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna, Denisia, pp. 35 - 46." type="book chapter" year="2006">Vacelet &amp; Ségonzac 2006</bibRefCitation>
), is extremely similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFBFD136FEFFD46FBCEFD62" box="[997,1126,656,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lakwollii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136FEFFD46FBCEFD62" box="[997,1126,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">A. lakwollii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D57E5FFFBFD136867FD59FB6FFD62" box="[1133,1223,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136867FD59FB6FFD62" bold="true" box="[1133,1223,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in terms of overall morphology and in the possession of filaments with terminal swellings, but the number of filaments appears to be somewhat greater, up to 60 instead of 30 to 40. Confirmation of identification with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFBFD136830FD0EFB13FD3A" box="[1082,1211,728,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lakwollii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136830FD0EFB13FD3A" box="[1082,1211,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">A. lakwollii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D57E5FFFBFD1368C8FD01FAB3FD3A" box="[1218,1307,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD1368C8FD01FAB3FD3A" bold="true" box="[1218,1307,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
must await examination of the spicule complement of specimens when they can be collected. In all other known species, the filaments of the preserved specimens are broken, or when exceptionally intact, there is no terminal swelling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB5368CFFFBFD136CCDFC92FBB5FB92" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D0FFFFBFD136CCDFC92FE6DFC96" box="[199,453,836,860]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lakwollii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136CCDFC92FE6DFC96" box="[199,453,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Abyssocladia lakwollii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D57E5FFFBFD136DC6FC92FD8DFC97" box="[460,549,836,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97EEA9EFFFBFD136DC6FC92FD8DFC97" bold="true" box="[460,549,836,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
shows a remarkable diversity of microscleres, which appear to be very specific in this genus. The specimens available show some variation in the size and presence of some spicule categories, and the chelae were not seen in some slide preparations. This is mainly due to the fact that some microscleres, for instance isochelae II, are rare and localized and that the spicule slides were made from a small fragment of each specimen in order to preserve these tiny sponges. The substrongyles were absent from slides which do not include the base of attachment. In some of the
<typeStatus id="54B1882EFFFBFD136E5FFC2EFD1EFBDA" box="[597,694,1016,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
specimens a few isochelae were observed with thin, long central teeth and thin alae, 50–60 µm in total length, i.e., in the size range of cleistochelae (
<figureCitation id="13312A09FFFBFD136834FBCAFB29FBFE" box="[1086,1153,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1419,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Abyssocladia lakwollii sp. nov.: A. holotype NIWA 81633 left, eight specimens to right of holotype are paratypes included under accession number NIWA 81378; B. paratype NIWA 81379; C. mycalostyle I; D. mycalostyle II; E. head and tip of mycalostyle II; F. substrongyle of the attachment base; G. anchorate isochelae I with sigmancistras attached; H. anchorate isochela II with sigmancistras attached; I. arcuate isochela III; J. cleistochelae with sigmancistras attached. Note crossed central upper and lower teeth. K. likely immature cleistochela; L. sigmancistras." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228578/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
K). They may represent a fourth category of isochelae, but are more likely juvenile stages of cleistochelae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink