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510 lines
50 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="757EB11029093BD44E3DF89D87EA0038">Review of Cycadophila Xu, Tang & Skelley (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas (Cycadaceae) in Asia, with descriptions of a new subgenus and thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EB8FFBB7C02BD5D291FAC8FC2936AAB2">Xu, Guang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F1570F1E85F84059627DC843C9337A7D">Tang, William</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03A38781FFC4FFACFF70FE14FA97C6EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5999204" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130809510" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5999204" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38781FFC4FFACFF70FE14FA97C6EC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A38781FFC4FFACFF70FE14FA97C6EC" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFF70FE14FD78C423" authority="Gorham" authorityName="Gorham" box="[151,685,511,538]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra" subGenus="Cycadophila">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFF70FE14FD78C423" bold="true" box="[151,685,511,538]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFF70FE14FEFAC420" bold="true" box="[151,303,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cycadophila</emphasis>
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(
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||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFED8FE14FE03C420" bold="true" box="[319,470,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cycadophila</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFE0FFE14FDFCC420" bold="true" box="[488,553,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">nigra</emphasis>
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(Gorham)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C310651CFFC4FFADFF70FDADFC74C4EE" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC4FFADFF70FDADFE27C465" blockId="34.[151,1436,582,727]" box="[151,498,582,605]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFF70FDADFF08C465" box="[151,221,582,604]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Thallis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFF70FDADFF08C465" box="[151,221,582,604]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Thallis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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?
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFF08FDA3FE3BC465" authority="Gorham 1895: 324" authorityName="Gorham" authorityPageNumber="324" authorityYear="1895" box="[239,494,582,605]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFF08FDA3FEF3C464" box="[239,294,584,605]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">nigra</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC4FFADFECBFDADFE3BC465" author="Gorham" box="[300,494,582,604]" page="324" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1895">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFECBFDADFE6EC465" author="Gorham" box="[300,443,582,604]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Gorham, H. S. (1895) List of the Coleoptera in the collection of H. E. Andrewes Esq. from India and Burma, with descriptions of new species and notes. Families: Malacodermata- Erotylidae- Endomychidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 39, 293 - 330." type="journal article" year="1895">Gorham 1895</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 324
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC4FFADFF70FD8EFA8EC442" blockId="34.[151,1436,582,727]" box="[151,1371,613,635]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFF70FD8EFE07C442" authority="Gorham" authorityName="Gorham" box="[151,466,613,635]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFF70FD8EFEB0C442" box="[151,357,613,635]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pharaxonotha nigra</emphasis>
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(Gorham)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC4FFADFE3BFD8DFD5BC442" author="Arrow" box="[476,654,613,635]" page="255" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFE3BFD8DFD8EC442" author="Arrow" box="[476,603,613,635]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1925) Coleoptera. Clavicornia. Erotylidae, Languriidae, and Endomychidae. In: Shipley, A. E. & Scott, H. (Eds.), The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London, XVI + 416 pp., 76 figs., pl., map." type="book" year="1925">Arrow 1925</bibRefCitation>
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: 255
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC4FFADFD7FFD8EFCB9C442" author="Schenkling" box="[664,876,613,635]" page="31" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1928">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFD7FFD8EFC93C442" author="Schenkling" box="[664,838,613,635]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Schenkling, S. (1928) Languriidae. In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 100, 40 pp." type="book" year="1928">Schenkling 1928</bibRefCitation>
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: 31
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC4FFADFC90FD8EFBF6C442" author="Chujo" box="[887,1059,613,635]" page="224" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1964">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFC90FD8EFC24C442" author="Chujo" box="[887,1009,613,635]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Chujo, M. (1964) Coleoptera from Southeast Asia (III). 20. Family Languriidae. Nature and Life in Southeast Asia, 3, 219 - 226, pl. 14." type="journal article" year="1964">Chûjô 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 224
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 14, fig. 7;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC4FFADFB50FD8EFA82C442" author="Chujo" box="[1207,1367,613,635]" page="41" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1967">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFB50FD8EFAE7C442" author="Chujo" box="[1207,1330,613,635]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Chujo, M. (1967) Languriid-Beetles from Thailand, Laos, Viet-Nam, S. China, Is. Hainan, Formosa and Ryukyus. Studies on the Languriid-Beetles (12). Memoirs of the Faculty of Education Kagawa University, 2 (149), 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1967">Chûjô 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 41
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC4FFADFF70FD6FFD4AC481" blockId="34.[151,1436,582,727]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1A11B9FFC4FFADFF70FD6FFD4AC481" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFF70FD6FFD99C4A3" authority="Grouvelle 1903: 127" authorityName="Grouvelle" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,588,644,666]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFF70FD6FFEBBC4A3" box="[151,366,644,666]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pharaxonotha indica</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC4FFADFE91FD6FFD99C4A3" author="Grouvelle" box="[374,588,644,666]" page="127" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1903">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFE91FD6FFDCCC4A3" author="Grouvelle" box="[374,537,644,666]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Grouvelle, A. (1903) Coleopteres de l'Inde recoltes par MM .. H. - L. Andrewes et T. - R. - D. Bell. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 72, 125 - 127." type="journal article" year="1903">Grouvelle 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 127
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC4FFADFDBFFD6FFCCAC4A3" author="Grouvelle" box="[600,799,644,666]" page="62" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1916">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFDBFFD6FFD2EC4A3" author="Grouvelle" box="[600,763,644,666]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Grouvelle, A. (1916) Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de Cryptophagidae. Memoires Entomologiques. Etudes sur les Coleopteres, 1, 30 - 79." type="journal article" year="1916">Grouvelle 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 62
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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(sp. bona);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC4FFADFC7CFD6FFBBAC4A3" author="Schenkling" box="[923,1135,644,666]" page="15" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFC7CFD6FFB9EC4A3" author="Schenkling" box="[923,1099,644,666]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Schenkling, S. (1923) Cryptophagidae. In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 76, pp. 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1923">Schenkling 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 15
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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(sp. bona);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC4FFADFB0CFD6FFA49C4A3" author="Arrow" box="[1259,1436,644,666]" page="255" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFB0CFD6FFABEC4A3" author="Arrow" box="[1259,1387,644,666]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1925) Coleoptera. Clavicornia. Erotylidae, Languriidae, and Endomychidae. In: Shipley, A. E. & Scott, H. (Eds.), The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London, XVI + 416 pp., 76 figs., pl., map." type="book" year="1925">Arrow 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 255
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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[syn.];
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC4FFADFEE9FD49FE36C481" author="Schenkling" box="[270,483,674,696]" page="31" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1928">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFEE9FD49FE68C481" author="Schenkling" box="[270,445,674,696]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Schenkling, S. (1928) Languriidae. In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 100, 40 pp." type="book" year="1928">Schenkling 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 31
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC4FFADFE0AFD49FD4EC481" author="Chujo" box="[493,667,674,696]" page="224" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1964">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFE0AFD49FDBDC481" author="Chujo" box="[493,616,674,696]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Chujo, M. (1964) Coleoptera from Southeast Asia (III). 20. Family Languriidae. Nature and Life in Southeast Asia, 3, 219 - 226, pl. 14." type="journal article" year="1964">Chûjô 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 224
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC4FFADFF70FD2AFC74C4EE" blockId="34.[151,1436,582,727]" box="[151,929,705,727]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1A11B9FFC4FFADFF70FD2AFC74C4EE" box="[151,929,705,727]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFF70FD2AFE17C4EE" authority="Gorham" authorityName="Gorham" box="[151,450,705,727]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFF70FD2AFE80C4EE" box="[151,341,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cycadophila nigra</emphasis>
|
||
(Gorham)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC4FFADFE2AFD29FD57C4EE" author="Xu" box="[461,642,705,727]" page="17" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="2015">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFE2AFD29FDB7C4EE" author="Xu" box="[461,610,705,727]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Xu, G., Tang, W., Skelley, P., Liu, N., & Rich, S. (2015) Cycadophila, a new genus (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas debaoensis (Cycadaceae) in Asia. Zootaxa, 3986 (3), 251 - 278." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFE15FD29FDCAC4EE" box="[498,543,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 17
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–20 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC4FFADFD50FD2AFCC0C4EE" box="[695,789,705,727]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310651CFFC4FFADFF70FCEFFC6DC5B1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC4FFADFF70FCEFFC6DC5B1" blockId="34.[151,1437,772,2021]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFF70FCEFFE8FC524" bold="true" box="[151,346,772,797]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Adult diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A member of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFDD6FCEEFD9EC525" box="[561,587,773,796]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFDBAFCEFFD39C524" box="[605,748,772,797]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFDBAFCEFFD39C524" box="[605,748,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFD19FCEFFCEDC524" box="[766,824,772,797]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">nigra</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group as discussed above distinguished from related species by its larger entirely brown body, weakly depressed submental-gular region, distinct supraocular stria that is half length of the eye, and male with large angulate swelling at the middle of the inner mesotibial margin. A full description and images are presented in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFD19FC9BFC61C5B1" box="[766,948,879,904]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Xu, G., Tang, W., Skelley, P., Liu, N., & Rich, S. (2015) Cycadophila, a new genus (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas debaoensis (Cycadaceae) in Asia. Zootaxa, 3986 (3), 251 - 278." type="journal article">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFCC0FC9AFC8CC5B1" box="[807,857,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310651CFFC4FFADFF20FC7FFD08C32D" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC4FFADFF20FC7FFDFFC594" blockId="34.[151,1437,772,2021]" box="[199,554,916,941]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFF20FC7FFEB0C594" bold="true" box="[199,357,916,941]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
Kanara, S. India.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC4FFADFF20FC5CFD7AC5E9" blockId="34.[151,1437,772,2021]" box="[199,687,951,976]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFF20FC5CFECFC5E9" bold="true" box="[199,282,951,976]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
China, S. India, Thailand, Vietnam.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC4FFADFF20FC37FD08C32D" blockId="34.[151,1437,772,2021]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFF20FC37FDECC5CC" bold="true" box="[199,569,988,1013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Material examined. Lectotype</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFD9CFC37FCCBC5CC" bold="true" box="[635,798,988,1013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">paralectotype</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFCB7FC37FB86C5CC" authority="Gorham" authorityName="Gorham" box="[848,1107,988,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Thallis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFCB7FC37FC3DC5CD" box="[848,1000,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Thallis nigra</emphasis>
|
||
Gorham
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B623CCAFFC4FFADFB83FC37FB49C2BD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502684981" collectingDate="1996-05-10" collectingDateMax="1996-05-12" collectingDateMin="1996-05-10" collectorName="W. Tang & Guanping Reserve" country="China" county="Xu" elevation="955" latitude="22.166666" location="Red River Valley" longLatPrecision="1261" longitude="110.833336" municipality="Others" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFB83FC37FB1EC5CC" bold="true" box="[1124,1227,988,1013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC4FFADFB83FC37FB1EC5CC" box="[1124,1227,988,1013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFB1BFC37FE88C221" authority="Grouvelle" authorityName="Grouvelle" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFB1BFC37FF08C221" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pharaxonotha indica</emphasis>
|
||
Grouvelle
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and other materials as detailed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFCECFBEBFC06C221" box="[779,979,1023,1048]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Xu, G., Tang, W., Skelley, P., Liu, N., & Rich, S. (2015) Cycadophila, a new genus (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas debaoensis (Cycadaceae) in Asia. Zootaxa, 3986 (3), 251 - 278." type="journal article">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D44E1BFFC4FFADFCECFBEBFCF8C22E" box="[779,813,1024,1047]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Xu</collectingCounty>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFCDDFBEAFCA5C221" box="[826,880,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFC03FC14FED5C204" bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD1ACEDFFC4FFADFC03FC14FBE2C221" box="[996,1079,1023,1048]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Others</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
examined:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC4FFADFB2BFC14FAFEC221" box="[1228,1323,1023,1048]" name="China" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC4FFADFAD9FC14FED5C204" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED5604CFFC4FFADFEE8FBCFFE01C204" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38781FFC4FFACFF70FE14FA97C6EC:8ED5604CFFC4FFADFEE8FBCFFE01C204" box="[271,468,1060,1085]" country="China" county="Xu" latitude="22.166666" longLatPrecision="1261" longitude="110.833336" municipality="Others" name="Red River Valley" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Red River Valley</location>
|
||
, nr.
|
||
<location id="8ED5604CFFC4FFADFDE3FBCEFDA4C205" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38781FFC4FFACFF70FE14FA97C6EC:8ED5604CFFC4FFADFDE3FBCEFDA4C205" box="[516,625,1061,1084]" country="China" county="Xu" latitude="22.166666" longLatPrecision="1261" longitude="110.833336" municipality="Others" name="Man Hao" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Man Hao</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5050FFC4FFADFD99FBCFFD0FC205" box="[638,730,1060,1084]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="925" value="23.016666">23°01'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5050FFC4FFADFD00FBCFFC9BC205" box="[743,846,1060,1084]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="925" value="103.4">103°24'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B72FFC4FFADFCBDFBCFFC48C204" box="[858,925,1060,1085]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.55" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="955.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0027D1A4FFC4FFADFCBDFBCFFC48C204" box="[858,925,1060,1085]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.55" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="955.0">955m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB41057FFC4FFADFC4EFBCFFB91C204" box="[937,1092,1060,1085]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1996-05-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF0E9BFFFC4FFADFC4EFBCFFB91C204" box="[937,1092,1060,1085]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1996-05-12">12 May 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC4FFADFBB7FBCEFB67C204" box="[1104,1202,1061,1085]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">W. Tang</collectorName>
|
||
, ex near receptive
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD1EFFC4FFADFA60FBCEFA49C205" box="[1415,1436,1061,1084]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
strobilus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFEF8FBA3FDD5C259" box="[287,512,1095,1120]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diannanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFEF8FBA3FDD5C259" box="[287,512,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cycas diannanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC4FFADFDF7FBA3FD97C259" box="[528,578,1096,1120]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality), WT 50 (2);
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC4FFADFCA7FBACFBC1C266" box="[832,1044,1095,1120]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Guanping Reserve</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5050FFC4FFADFBC7FBA3FBA8C259" box="[1056,1149,1096,1120]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="925" value="22.166666">22°10'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5050FFC4FFADFB6DFBACFB25C259" box="[1162,1264,1095,1120]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="925" value="110.833336">110°50'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB41057FFC4FFADFB1AFBA3FA4DC259" box="[1277,1432,1095,1120]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1996-05-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF0E9BFFFC4FFADFB1AFBA3FA4DC259" box="[1277,1432,1095,1120]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1996-05-10">10 May 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC4FFADFF70FB86FF2EC2BC" box="[151,251,1133,1157]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">W. Tang</collectorName>
|
||
, ex spent
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD1EFFC4FFADFE94FB86FE5DC2BD" box="[371,392,1133,1156]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
strobilus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFDF9FB86FD2CC2BC" box="[542,761,1132,1157]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichopylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFDF9FB86FD2CC2BC" box="[542,761,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cycas dolichopylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFCEBFB86FC85C2BD" box="[780,848,1133,1156]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFCEBFB86FC85C2BD" box="[780,848,1133,1156]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cycas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFC62FB87FBD7C2BC" box="[901,1026,1132,1157]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collina">
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFC53FB87FBD7C2BC" box="[948,1026,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">collina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], WT 44 (3)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B623CCAFFC4FFADFB4CFB87FE57C2F5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502685002" collectingDate="1996-04-04" collectorName="L. Yang" country="Vietnam" latitude="21.133333" location="Mai Son" longLatPrecision="1265" longitude="104.183334" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Son La" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFB4CFB87FF1BC291" bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC4FFADFB4CFB87FAE1C2BC" box="[1195,1332,1132,1157]" name="Vietnam" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC4FFADFAA3FB87FA49C2BC" box="[1348,1436,1132,1157]" country="Vietnam" name="Son La" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Son La</collectingRegion>
|
||
Prov
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
., near
|
||
<location id="8ED5604CFFC4FFADFEC7FB64FE50C291" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38781FFC4FFACFF70FE14FA97C6EC:8ED5604CFFC4FFADFEC7FB64FE50C291" box="[288,389,1167,1192]" country="Vietnam" latitude="21.133333" longLatPrecision="1265" longitude="104.183334" name="Mai Son" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Son La">Mai Son</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5050FFC4FFADFE73FB7BFE25C291" box="[404,496,1168,1192]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="925" value="21.133333">21°08'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5050FFC4FFADFE19FB7BFDB1C291" box="[510,612,1168,1192]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="925" value="104.183334">104°11'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB41057FFC4FFADFD94FB7BFCD1C291" box="[627,772,1167,1192]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1996-04-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF0E9BFFFC4FFADFD94FB7BFCD1C291" box="[627,772,1167,1192]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1996-04-04">4 Apr. 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,S. –
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC4FFADFCD1FB7BFC46C291" box="[822,915,1168,1192]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">L. Yang</collectorName>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD1EFFC4FFADFC22FB7BFC0FC29E" box="[965,986,1168,1191]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
strobilus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFB88FB7BFAD9C291" box="[1135,1292,1167,1192]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="collina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFB88FB7BFAD9C291" box="[1135,1292,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cycas collina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in monsoon forest, SLY 777 (19)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B623CCAFFC4FFADFE68FB5FFD0FC32D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502684995" collectingDate="2015-04-25" collectionCode="NSK, ANIC, FSCA" collectorName="N. S. Khang & This" country="Vietnam" elevation="75" latitude="20.555277" location="Phu Lao" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="105.761665" municipality="Phu Lao" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="NSK 795" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hoa Binh" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFE68FB5FFD9DC2F4" bold="true" box="[399,584,1204,1229]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC4FFADFE68FB5FFDD7C2F4" box="[399,514,1204,1229]" country="Vietnam" name="Hoa Binh" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hoa Binh</collectingRegion>
|
||
Prov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, LacThuy Dstr.,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD1ACEDFFC4FFADFCEFFB5FFCB2C2F5" box="[776,871,1204,1229]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Phu Lao</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
comm., Thuy Dstr.,
|
||
<location id="8ED5604CFFC4FFADFBB6FB5FFB64C2F5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38781FFC4FFACFF70FE14FA97C6EC:8ED5604CFFC4FFADFBB6FB5FFB64C2F5" box="[1105,1201,1204,1229]" country="Vietnam" latitude="20.555277" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="105.761665" municipality="Phu Lao" name="Phu Lao" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Hoa Binh">Phu Lao</location>
|
||
comm.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5050FFC4FFADFAF4FB5FFA4DC2F4" box="[1299,1432,1204,1229]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="15" value="20.555277">20°33'19″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5050FFC4FFADFF70FB3CFEF3C2C9" box="[151,294,1239,1264]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="15" value="105.761665">105°45'42″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B72FFC4FFADFED4FB3CFE75C2C9" box="[307,416,1239,1264]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="50.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0027D1A4FFC4FFADFED4FB3CFE75C2C9" box="[307,416,1239,1264]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="50.0">50–100m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB41057FFC4FFADFE4AFB3CFDE4C2C9" box="[429,561,1239,1264]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2015-04-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF0E9BFFFC4FFADFE4AFB3CFDE4C2C9" box="[429,561,1239,1264]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2015-04-25">25-IV-2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC4FFADFDD9FB33FD1AC2C9" box="[574,719,1239,1264]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N. S. Khang</collectorName>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFD18FB3CFCC1C2C9" bold="true" box="[767,788,1239,1264]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ƌ</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFCF3FB33FC32C2C9" box="[788,999,1239,1264]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hoabinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFCF3FB33FC32C2C9" box="[788,999,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cycas hoabinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cone (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAC9EECFFC4FFADFBD3FB33FB77C2C9" box="[1076,1186,1239,1264]" collectionCode="NSK" country="Russia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15284" name="Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciensis" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE52FFC4FFADFBD3FB33FBBBC2C9" box="[1076,1134,1240,1264]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15284" name="Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciensis" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">NSK</collectionCode>
|
||
795
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
b) (1).
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC4FFADFB16FB3CFAF6C2C9" box="[1265,1315,1239,1264]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">This</collectorName>
|
||
additional material examined is deposited at
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE52FFC4FFADFDF2FB17FD8CC32D" box="[533,601,1276,1300]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE52FFC4FFADFD77FB17FD0FC32D" box="[656,730,1276,1300]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FSCA</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310651CFFC4FFACFF20FAF4FA97C6EC" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC4FFADFF20FAF4FF29C099" blockId="34.[151,1437,772,2021]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFF20FAF4FEEEC301" bold="true" box="[199,315,1311,1336]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult specimens matching this species were found in small numbers in cones of one of two populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFEA5FAAEFDD9C364" box="[322,524,1348,1373]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFEA5FAAEFDD9C364" box="[322,524,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cycas debaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
surveyed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC4FFADFD47FAAFFD36C364" box="[672,739,1348,1373]" name="China" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFD13FAAFFC4AC364" author="Xu" box="[756,927,1348,1373]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Xu, G., Tang, W., Skelley, P., Liu, N., & Rich, S. (2015) Cycadophila, a new genus (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas debaoensis (Cycadaceae) in Asia. Zootaxa, 3986 (3), 251 - 278." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFCC7FAAEFC8FC364" box="[800,858,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These authors found no matching larvae in the cones and suggested that this species does not reproduce in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFC40FA83FC39C346" box="[935,1004,1384,1407]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFC40FA83FC39C346" box="[935,1004,1384,1407]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cycas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cones as do some other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFF70FA67FEF3C39C" box="[151,294,1420,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFF70FA67FEF3C39C" box="[151,294,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Their apparent distribution into southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC4FFADFCF6FA67FC98C39C" box="[785,845,1420,1445]" name="India" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, well beyond the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFB62FA66FAF3C39C" box="[1157,1318,1420,1445]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFB62FA66FAF3C39C" box="[1157,1318,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. debaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or related species, suggest that this beetle is not a specialist on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFD0BFA5BFC5FC3F1" box="[748,906,1455,1480]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFD0BFA5BFC5FC3F1" box="[748,906,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. debaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but an opportunistic visitor that may feed and reproduce on alternative hosts. It is unclear if specimens presently considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFBF3FA3EFBA1C3D5" box="[1044,1140,1493,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Thallis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFBF3FA3EFBA1C3D5" box="[1044,1140,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represent one widespread species or a couple of regional species. The female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC4FFADFD3FFA13FCC6C029" box="[728,787,1528,1552]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFCD0FA13FC41C029" box="[823,916,1528,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Thallis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFCD0FA13FC41C029" box="[823,916,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC4FFADFB8DFA1CFB73C029" box="[1130,1190,1527,1552]" name="India" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, while other available materials are from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC4FFADFE28F9F7FDDEC00C" box="[463,523,1564,1589]" name="India" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC4FFADFD9AF9F7FD15C00C" box="[637,704,1564,1589]" name="China" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC4FFADFCBCF9F7FC6BC00C" box="[859,958,1564,1589]" name="Vietnam" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Additional series of specimens from other areas are needed to better understand sexual dimorphisms, population variations, and molecular relationships to decide if only one species is present. For now,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFD52F98EFCC0C045" box="[693,789,1637,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Thallis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFD52F98EFCC0C045" box="[693,789,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered a single widespread species needing more research.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC4FFACFF20F947FA97C6EC" blockId="34.[151,1437,772,2021]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC4FFADFF20F947FEB7C0FC" author="Arrow" box="[199,354,1708,1733]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1925) Coleoptera. Clavicornia. Erotylidae, Languriidae, and Endomychidae. In: Shipley, A. E. & Scott, H. (Eds.), The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London, XVI + 416 pp., 76 figs., pl., map." type="book" year="1925">Arrow (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pointed out that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC4FFADFDACF946FD53C0FC" box="[587,646,1709,1733]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of Gorham’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFCC6F946FCAFC0FD" box="[801,890,1709,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Thallis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFCC6F946FCAFC0FD" box="[801,890,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Grouvelle’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFBDCF946FB48C0FC" box="[1083,1181,1708,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFBDCF946FB48C0FC" box="[1083,1181,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are identically labeled and synonymized them. They are all females with quite similar morphology; Gorham’s specimens being larger and darker and Grouvelle’s specimen being smaller and teneral. These differences probably led to the early confusion and separate generic placement in the original descriptions. We have no doubt that they belong in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFAE2F8FCFA41C109" box="[1285,1428,1815,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFAE2F8FCFA41C109" box="[1285,1428,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, there is doubt in the species synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFD05F8D6FC91C16C" box="[738,836,1852,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFD05F8D6FC91C16C" box="[738,836,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFC62F8D6FC36C16D" box="[901,995,1853,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Thallis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFC62F8D6FC36C16D" box="[901,995,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our key characterizes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFB08F8D6FA9DC16D" box="[1263,1352,1853,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Thallis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFB08F8D6FA9DC16D" box="[1263,1352,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a larger species (>4.00 mm), but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC4FFADFDFAF88AFD98C140" box="[541,589,1889,1913]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFD96F88AFD1AC141" box="[625,719,1887,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFD96F88AFD1AC141" box="[625,719,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only 3.00 mm. This smaller size and other subtle yet variable characters are like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFE8BF86EFDCDC1A5" box="[364,536,1925,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFE8BF86EFDCDC1A5" box="[364,536,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. yunnanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFDD9F86EFD72C1A5" box="[574,679,1925,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFDD9F86EFD72C1A5" box="[574,679,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. vittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is well documented that more than one species can be found on the same cycad cone, thus locality of capture is not a valid reason to synonymize species. Unfortunately, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC4FFADFAA9F842FAABC1F8" box="[1358,1406,1961,1985]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC4FFADFF70F826FF28C1DC" box="[151,253,1996,2021]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC4FFADFF70F826FF28C1DC" box="[151,253,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a female and males are needed to confidently characterize the species. Until additional series of specimens are available from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC5FFACFDB7FF7CFD5FC689" box="[592,650,151,176]" name="India" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
to know the taxa that occur there, we can only guess the true identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC5FFACFF52FF56FEC2C6EC" box="[181,279,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC5FFACFF52FF56FEC2C6EC" box="[181,279,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">P. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For now, we leave it as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC5FFACFD2AFF56FCFFC6ED" box="[717,810,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Thallis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC5FFACFD2AFF56FCFFC6ED" box="[717,810,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pending future work with additional materials.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |