383 lines
86 KiB
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383 lines
86 KiB
XML
<document id="42D2E75E32B08F258F0A6D5E7D413187" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad015" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426115" ID-ZooBank="854433BD-5D76-44C1-9BAB-CAC00F5131C9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1696940089814" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Li, Ran, Zhuang, Wenbao, Feng, Xiaochen, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Schrecengost, Anna, Roưerova, Johana, Beinart, Roxanne A. & Hu, Xiaozhong" docDate="2023" docId="0397E660DC5E8312FC6946EFF3F2F953" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad015.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 199 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad015" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.1:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Plagiopyla flontata Kahl 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="501" masterDocId="FFAE9E18DC58831BFF8A435DF21CFFA1" masterDocTitle="Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of three anaerobic plagiopyleans (Alveolata: Ciliophora), retrieved from two geographically distant localities in Asia and North America" masterLastPageNumber="510" masterPageNumber="493" pageNumber="499" updateTime="1696940523517" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="13CAFB07BE80EAB6B331E7CAC9AD4AEF">Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of three anaerobic plagiopyleans (Alveolata: Ciliophora), retrieved from two geographically distant localities in Asia and North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FE953ED62B2BC53312379D415862FB1C">Li, Ran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="017AEF612801FC3EA5C535F2B9AC406E">College of Fisheries, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, ºingdao 266003, China & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, ºingdao 266003, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="912B86531B0F1E4FFDCBA96BEBAF6D76">Zhuang, Wenbao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C8BC9023EF1EB03FC2AEEA0D6F01F329">College of Fisheries, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, ºingdao 266003, China & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, ºingdao 266003, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0670462A380AAE8270A08440052085BA">Feng, Xiaochen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6B3B718E88B7AD66A6F30DB73ED4F96A">College of Fisheries, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, ºingdao 266003, China & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, ºingdao 266003, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="21FE4D7D8FE4EFC8AB676AF5594559C0">Al-Farraj, Saleh A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3D237B4583B73CD08F6FD3B16141BBEC">Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="942825B58DB2D5EF9378872A815C48A6">Schrecengost, Anna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0A1B08AC82B95FED98E8226E42512364">Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Rd, Narraganseư, Rhode Island 02882, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="61D63F691990994E3C7D18A63A35EA79">Roưerova, Johana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="19D467F78861E3800EB1FFFBD088F78E">Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Rd, Narraganseư, Rhode Island 02882, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="8A5F2AAC583A6EBA279F8B089D699CD7">Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Rd, Narraganseư, Rhode Island 02882, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="62993F6DE2C3833E04B69529E602FF25">Hu, Xiaozhong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="88C6FF76AA1C74B58777862B249DF914">College of Fisheries, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, ºingdao 266003, China & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, ºingdao 266003, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EE9142D5B52B6145132604B0C9B56CCD" type="email">xiaozhonghu@ouc.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="FC12DD3633AD0AF5C46C5C464DDFA8EF">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0397E660DC5E8312FC6946EFF3F2F953" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0397E660DC5E8312FC6946EFF3F2F953" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0397E660DC5E8312FC6946EFF3F2F953" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="501" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">
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<subSubSection id="C32404FDDC5E831DFC6946EFF704FA6C" box="[995,1304,1458,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B815776DC5E831DFC6946EFF704FA6C" blockId="6.[995,1304,1458,1485]" box="[995,1304,1458,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">
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<heading id="D0C9E01ADC5E831DFC6946EFF704FA6C" bold="true" box="[995,1304,1458,1485]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="499" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC5E831DFC6946EFF704FA6C" authority="Kahl 1931" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1931" box="[995,1304,1458,1485]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="6" pageNumber="499" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="flontata">
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<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5E831DFC6946EFF704FA6C" bold="true" box="[995,1304,1458,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">
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<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5E831DFC6946EFF6B9FA6C" bold="true" box="[995,1189,1458,1485]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">Plagiopyla flontata</emphasis>
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Kahl 1931
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8B815776DC5E831DFB9646BBF6FCF9A1" blockId="6.[1052,1248,1510,1537]" box="[1052,1248,1510,1537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">
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<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5E831DFB9646BBF6FCF9A1" bold="true" box="[1052,1248,1510,1537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5E831DFBAC46BAF678F9A0" box="[1062,1124,1511,1537]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5E831DFBE446BAF660F9A0" box="[1134,1148,1511,1537]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">7</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6BC62CDDC5E831DFB0246BAF6C9F9A0" box="[1160,1237,1511,1537]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="9.[113,168,143,167]" captionText="Table 3. Morphometric characteristics of the Chinese populations of Plagiopyla rariseta (BAINIDI; upper line) and Plagiopyla flontata (SHAZIKOU; lower line)." pageId="6" pageNumber="499">Table 3</tableCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B815776DC5E831DFCB34548F799F98C" blockId="6.[825,1474,1557,1832]" box="[825,1413,1557,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">
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1931
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC5E831DFCF84548F6EFF98C" authority="Kahl, Tierwelt Dtl." authorityName="Kahl, Tierwelt Dtl." box="[882,1267,1557,1581]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="6" pageNumber="499" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="flontata">
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<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5E831DFCF84548F631F98C" box="[882,1069,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">Plagiopyla flontata</emphasis>
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Kahl, Tierwelt Dtl.
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</taxonomicName>
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, 21, fig. 45.10.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B815776DC5E831DFCB34568F72EF9EC" blockId="6.[825,1474,1557,1832]" box="[825,1330,1589,1613]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">
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||
1933
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC5E831DFCF84568F6C3F9ED" authority="Kahl, Tierwelt N" authorityName="Kahl, Tierwelt N" box="[882,1247,1589,1613]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="6" pageNumber="499" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="flontata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5E831DFCF84568F631F9EC" box="[882,1069,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">Plagiopyla flontata</emphasis>
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Kahl, Tierwelt N
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 9.3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B815776DC5E831DFCB34509F19DF92A" blockId="6.[825,1474,1557,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">
|
||
2000
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC5E831DFCF24509F6CFF9CA" authority="Esteban et al." authorityName="Esteban" box="[888,1235,1620,1644]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="6" pageNumber="499" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="flontata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5E831DFCF24509F624F9CD" box="[888,1080,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">Plagiopyla flontata</emphasis>
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Esteban
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<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5E831DFB154508F6D1F9CD" box="[1183,1229,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, J. Nat. Hist., 34, figs 34–37.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B815776DC5E831DFCB345CEF1B9F96B" blockId="6.[825,1474,1557,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">
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||
2007
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC5E831DFCFC45CEF769F90A" authority="Jankowski, Russian Acad. Sci." authorityName="Jankowski, Russian Acad. Sci." box="[886,1397,1683,1707]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="6" pageNumber="499" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="flontata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5E831DFCFC45CEF628F90A" box="[886,1076,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">Plagiopyla flontata</emphasis>
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||
Jankowski, Russian Acad. Sci.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, p. 792 (revision).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B815776DC5E831DFCB3458CF1B9F8A8" blockId="6.[825,1474,1557,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">
|
||
2019
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC5E831DFCF8458CF68BF948" authority="Nitla et al." authorityName="Nitla" box="[882,1175,1745,1769]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="6" pageNumber="499" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="flontata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5E831DFCF8458CF630F948" box="[882,1068,1745,1769]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">Plagiopyla flontata</emphasis>
|
||
Nitla
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||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5E831DFBE3458FF68BF948" box="[1129,1175,1745,1769]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 186, p. 35 (revision).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B815776DC5E831DFCB3444DF7BAF889" blockId="6.[825,1474,1557,1832]" box="[825,1446,1808,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">
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||
2022
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC5E831DFCF8444DF75EF886" authority="Omar & Jung, J. Spec. Res." authorityName="Omar & Jung, J. Spec. Res." box="[882,1346,1808,1832]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="6" pageNumber="499" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="flontata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5E831DFCF8444DF631F889" box="[882,1069,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">Plagiopyla flontata</emphasis>
|
||
Omar & Jung, J. Spec. Res.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 11, fig. 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B815776DC5E831DFCB34418F601F81A" blockId="6.[825,1474,1861,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC5E831DFC294418F67DF8FC" box="[931,1121,1861,1885]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="6" pageNumber="499" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="flontata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5E831DFC294418F67DF8FC" box="[931,1121,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="499">Plagiopyla flontata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been known for a long time, most descriptions lack molecular and infraciliature data. Based on the previous and current information, the improved diagnosis is provided here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4107FEDC5F831CFFF94084F38CFB38" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426125" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426125/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" startId="7.[115,180,985,1009]" targetBox="[149,1420,154,947]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B815776DC5F831CFFF94084F38CFB38" blockId="7.[113,1450,985,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5F831CFFF94084F2D0FC50" bold="true" box="[115,204,985,1009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Drawings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC5F831CFEC04084F3E9FC50" authorityName="Li & Zhuang & Feng & Al-Farraj & Schrecengost & Roưerova & Beinart & Hu" authorityYear="2023" box="[330,501,985,1009]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="rariseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5F831CFEC04084F3E9FC50" box="[330,501,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Plagiopyla rariseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from life (A–C, E) and aħer protargol staining (D, F–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, C, resting (B) and extruded (C) extrusomes. D, dorsal view, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (red arrow), dense ciliary row (black arrow) and contractile vacuole pores (arrowheads). E, different body shapes. F, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity. G, details of dikinetids on right front side of striated band. H, I, ventral (H) and dorsal (I) views of the holotype to show somatic and oral kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary row, red kinetosomes indicate dikinetids on right front side of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ex, extrusomes; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 30 μm (A, E, H, I), 25μm (C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B815776DC5F831CFFFB4794F016FA7A" blockId="7.[113,763,1225,1499]" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5F831CFFFB4794F328FB40" box="[113,308,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Improved diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Cell size 55–120 × 30–67 μm
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5F831CFDFE4797F0A8FB40" box="[628,692,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, shape slim ellipsoidal. Length to width ratio about 2:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6FA93DC5F831CFDDD47B5F060FAA1" box="[599,636,1256,1280]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="500" unit="in" value="1.0">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5F831CFDE347B4F060FAA1" box="[617,636,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">in</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
vivo; 40–68 somatic kineties. Striated band about 32 μm long and 3 μm wide, extending down to below midbody. One nearly spherical macronucleus and one spherical micronucleus. Two or three dense ciliary rows. Extrusomes 4–6 μm long, curved or straight. Region above oral opening about 17% of cell length, perpendicular to the oral opening. Tube-like buccal cavity about 60% of cell width, extending transversely to leħ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B815776DC5F831CFFFB455EF0D5F9D8" blockId="7.[113,763,1539,1657]" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5F831CFFFB455EF31BF9BA" box="[113,263,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Voucher slides:</emphasis>
|
||
Three protargol slides (registration numbers: LR2020121301-01, LR2020121301-02, LR2020121301-03) with voucher specimens were deposited in the Laboratory of Protozoology, Ocean University of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32917E6DC5F831CFE5D453CF004F9D8" box="[471,536,1633,1657]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ºingdao,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32917E6DC5F831CFD0E453CF0D9F9D8" box="[644,709,1633,1657]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B815776DC5F831CFFFB45FCF600FA7A" blockId="7.[113,763,1696,1971]" lastBlockId="7.[810,1459,1225,1969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5F831CFFFB45FCF3D7F919" box="[113,459,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Description of Chinese population:</emphasis>
|
||
Body size 70–100 × 30–40 μm
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5F831CFF15459DF2F9F976" box="[159,229,1728,1751]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
and 60–90 × 25–40 μm aħer protargol staining, with the ratio of length to width about 2:1. Cell slim ellipsoidal, acontractile, dorsoventrally flaưened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFDB545A3F0D4F8B7" box="[575,712,1790,1814]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Figs 6A, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFD5C45A3F263F894" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cytoplasm colourless, containing several food vacuoles and many fat globules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFEB84460F362F8F4" box="[306,382,1853,1877]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Figs 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFE004460F3C6F8F5" box="[394,474,1853,1877]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">7A, B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). One macronucleus, nearly spherical, 17–29 × 14–22 μm
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC5F831CFE2B4400F3FCF8D5" box="[417,480,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, located below oral opening (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFFF64426F339F832" box="[124,293,1915,1939]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Figs 6A, E, F, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFEB84421F3B3F832" box="[306,431,1916,1940]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">7A, E, L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Single globular micronucleus, about 3 μm in diameter, enveloped by macronucleus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFD2F44C6F169FB41" box="[677,885,1225,1971]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Figs 6A, E, F, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFC084794F184FB41" box="[898,920,1225,1248]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">7I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Extrusomes relatively short, 4–6 μm long, mainly distributed under the cortex, curved or straight shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFA0347B5F178FA81" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Figs 6B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFCE54655F1B7FABE" box="[879,939,1288,1311]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">7E, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Extruded extrusomes about 20 µm long, slender, needle-shaped with one end slightly inflated. Single contractile vacuole located near posterior end of cell with two pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFA03461BF156FADC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Figs 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFCDF463BF168FADC" box="[853,884,1382,1405]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Striated band 28–42 µm long, 2–4 µm wide, extending below midbody (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFC5246D8F625FA3D" box="[984,1081,1413,1437]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Figs 6G, I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFBC946D8F69FFA3D" box="[1091,1155,1413,1437]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">7G, M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cytoproct located on dorsal side of cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFC2F46F9F1EFFA1D" box="[933,1011,1444,1468]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Figs 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFC7446F8F605FA1D" box="[1022,1049,1445,1468]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">7F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Swims slowly by rotating around main longitudinal axis of cell.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B815776DC5F831CFCCC46BEF181F8B4" blockId="7.[810,1459,1225,1969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">
|
||
Somatic cilia 11–14 µm long, densely and evenly distributed on the cell surface forming 56–68 longitudinal kineties (23–32 ventral kineties, 26–42 dorsal kineties) mainly composed of monokinetids, except for several kinetosomes irregularly and densely arranged near loop of striated band (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFB7E453DF745F9D6" box="[1268,1369,1632,1656]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Figs 6H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFAEE453DF7BFF9D6" box="[1380,1443,1632,1655]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">7L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal kineties including 16–28 dorso-leħ kineties and 10–14 dorso-right kineties that form a suture at the posterior end of the cell. Seven to nine rigid caudal cilia, 11–14 µm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFAD245E3F7BEF977" box="[1368,1442,1726,1750]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two or three dense ciliary rows located leħ to cytoproct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFA034580F142F8B5" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Figs 6G, I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFCE245A0F190F8B5" box="[872,908,1789,1812]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">7M</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B815776DC5F8313FCCC4441F350FA4F" blockId="7.[810,1459,1225,1969]" lastBlockId="8.[128,778,1368,1518]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="501" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">
|
||
Oral opening wide-belt shaped, surrounded by two lip-like structures without nose-like protuberance on right side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFCBF4406F1F6F8D3" box="[821,1002,1882,1907]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Figs 6A, D, E, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFC704406F60AF8D3" box="[1018,1046,1883,1906]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">7L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Region above oral opening 15–18% of cell length, outline perpendicular to oral opening (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFA024427F1BFF810" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">Figs 6A, E, F, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC5F831CFC3B44C4F1F1F810" box="[945,1005,1945,1969]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="500">7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tube-like buccal cavity short, extending transversely to leħ, about 60% of cell width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC508313FDD24605F0D9FAD1" box="[600,709,1368,1392]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">Figs 6D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC508313FD5A4604F28EFA2E" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">7A, J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Upper oral lip kineties 3–5 µm long. Gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties 2–4 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC508313FDF246CAF0D1FA0E" box="[632,717,1431,1455]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">Figs 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC508313FD5046C5F0EAFA0E" box="[730,758,1432,1455]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">7L</figureCitation>
|
||
); 52–58 oral kineties on cell surface and extending inwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC508313FF06468BF2E0FA4C" box="[140,252,1494,1518]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,196,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[163,1441,136,971]" captionTargetId="figure-458@10.[158,1444,129,974]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Drawings of Plagiopyla frontata from life (A–C, E, F) and after protargol staining (D, G–I). A, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowheads show caudal cilia. B, tangential section of the cortex, arrowhead marks straight extrusome, arrow indicates curved extrusome. C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (red arrowheads). D, details of oral region, showing oral opening and buccal cavity (arrow). E, F, different cell shapes. G, dorsal view of a compressed cell, showing position of striated band, cytoproct (black arrow), dense ciliary rows (red arrow), and contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). H, ventral view to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties. I, dorsal view to show somatic kineties, arrow indicates striated band, arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, double-arrowhead shows several irregularly and densely packed kinetosomes located near loop of striated band. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronucleus; SB, striated band. Scale bars: 35 μm (A, E, G, H); 10 μm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426129/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">Figs 6D, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC508313FE83468BF327FA4C" box="[265,315,1494,1517]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,147,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-405@11.[143,1429,144,1027]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Plagiopyla flontata in vivo (A–H) and aħer protargol staining (I–M). A, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell, arrow marks buccal cavity. B, representative individual, arrow shows oral opening, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole.C, extruded extrusomes with one end slightly inflated (arrowheads).D, contractile vacuole pores (red arrowheads). E, ventral view of a compressed cell, arrows show straight extrusomes, arrowheads show curved extrusomes. F, details of dorsal side, arrowhead shows cytoproct. G, right side of a compressed cell showing striated band (arrowhead). H, details of extrusomes.I, macronucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead). J, K, oral region, showing buccal cavity under different focal planes. L, M, ventral (L) and dorsal (M) views of the same individual, showing somatic and oral kineties, red arrow indicates gap between upper oral lip kineties and somatic kineties, black arrow shows striated band, black arrowhead shows dense ciliary rows, red arrowhead indicates several polykineties located near loop of striated band. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 35 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426131/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">7J–L</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4107FEDC508313FF0B4735F1B7FA88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426127" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426127/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" startId="8.[129,194,1128,1152]" targetBox="[162,1441,146,1100]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B815776DC508313FF0B4735F1B7FA88" blockId="8.[129,1463,1128,1321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FF0B4735F2C4FB20" bold="true" box="[129,216,1128,1153]" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Photomicrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FE204734F04EFB21" authorityName="Li & Zhuang & Feng & Al-Farraj & Schrecengost & Roưerova & Beinart & Hu" authorityYear="2023" box="[426,594,1129,1153]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="rariseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FE204734F04EFB21" box="[426,594,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">Plagiopyla rariseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from life (A–C, H–O) and aħer protargol staining (D–G). A, B, ventral views of different individuals, showing different body shape. C, extruded extrusomes (arrowheads). D, details of oral opening and buccal cavity tube (arrowhead). E, macronucleus and slightly enveloped micronucleus (arrowhead). F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) views of the holotype to show somatic and oral kineties, arrowhead shows dense ciliary row. H, I, oral region, showing buccal cavity (arrowheads) under different focal planes. J, ventral view of a slightly compressed cell. K, posterior region of cell, arrowhead indicates contractile vacuole, arrow marks cortical ridges. L, curved extrusomes (arrowheads) under the cortex. M, posterior end of cell, showing caudal cilia (arrowhead). N, contractile vacuole pores (arrowheads). O, dorsal view, arrowhead shows striated band. Scale bars: 30 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B815776DC508313FF60454CF0BCF98A" blockId="8.[234,672,1552,1579]" box="[234,672,1552,1579]" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FF60454CF0BCF98A" bold="true" box="[234,672,1552,1579]" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">Molecular data and phylogenetic analyses</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B815776DC508313FF0B4565F002F96D" blockId="8.[129,778,1591,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">
|
||
Twenty-one newly obtained SSU rRNA gene sequences were deposited in the GenBank database with length (bp), GC base content, accession numbers, and origin information shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BC62CDDC508313FF0B45C8F2D0F90C" box="[129,204,1685,1709]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[129,184,143,167]" captionText="Table 1. Isolates included in this study and information on their origin." pageId="8" pageNumber="501">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Sequence identities and max BLAST scores are shown in the Supporting Information,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BC62CDDC508313FE4B45E9F004F96C" box="[449,536,1716,1741]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[129,184,143,167]" captionText="Table 1. Isolates included in this study and information on their origin." pageId="8" pageNumber="501">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B815776DC508312FF164589F3F2F953" blockId="8.[129,778,1591,1991]" lastBlockId="9.[113,763,1660,1778]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="502" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">
|
||
The topologies of the phylogenetic trees from ML and BI analyses were almost identical, therefore only the ML tree topology is shown here (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13054BF3DC508313FE95444FF344F88A" box="[287,344,1810,1835]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1303,1327]" captionTargetBox="[167,1430,147,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-362@12.[158,1444,144,1266]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree inferred from the small subunit rRNA gene sequences, revealing the positions of the 21 newly obtained sequences (red font). Numbers near branches indicate ML bootstrap values and BI posterior probabilities. Black circles represent full support (ML/BI, 100/1.00) in both analyses. Disagreements in topology between ML and BI are marked with asterisks.The scale bar corresponds to 2 changes per 100 nucleotide positions.Abbreviation:sp = species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426135/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). All members of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FD09444FF116F88B" authorityName="Schewiakoff" authorityYear="1896" box="[643,778,1810,1834]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Plagiopylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
cluster together with maximum support (100% ML, 1.00 BI) and comprise two clades. In Clade I, ML analysis shows that the Chinese population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FE25442DF072F829" box="[431,622,1904,1928]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="flontata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FE25442DF072F829" box="[431,622,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">Plagiopyla flontata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SHAZIKOU OP114648) groups with four American populations (PJ7 OP186392, NARRIV13 OP186393, NAPAT2B OP186394, NAPAT2 OP186395), then clusters with another sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FA384604F199FA31" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="flontata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FA384604F199FA31" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">P. flontata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Z29440). However, these
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D389CFFDC508313FB2F4625F6C6FA2E" box="[1189,1242,1400,1424]" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" type="generic">
|
||
six
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FB424625F6C6FA2E" box="[1224,1242,1400,1423]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="flontata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FB424625F6C6FA2E" box="[1224,1242,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
flontata sequences are parallel to each other in BI analysis. Two sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FAE146C5F7DEFA0E" box="[1387,1474,1432,1455]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FAE146C5F7DEFA0E" box="[1387,1474,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">P. nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Z29442, KY563719) form a fully supported subclade, which is sister to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FC58468BF62AFA4F" box="[978,1078,1494,1518]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="flontata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FC58468BF62AFA4F" box="[978,1078,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">P. flontata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subclade group. In Clade II, 10 newly obtained
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FC1D46A8F65BF9AC" box="[919,1095,1525,1549]" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FC1D46A8F1E0F9AC" box="[919,1020,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">Plagiopyla</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequences (BI27A OP186391, BI29B OP186390, BLAPTMUD OP186389, GB33B OP186388, GOOSE1A OP186387, JUDRED OP186385, JUD8 OP186386, NINISW OP186384, SAÞ1B OP186383, and SAÞ1B3 OP186382) group together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FB03452EF6C8F92B" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1931" box="[1161,1236,1651,1674]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FB03452EF6C8F92B" box="[1161,1236,1651,1674]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">P.ovata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MW762810) forming a strong branch (100% ML, 1.00 BI), then followed by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FA3845CFF162F968" authorityName="Nitla, Serra, Fokin, Modeo, Verni, Sandeep, Kalavati & Petroni" authorityYear="2019" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="ramani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FA3845CFF162F968" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">P. ramani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(KY563720),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FB9345EFF666F968" authorityName="Li & Zhuang & Feng & Al-Farraj & Schrecengost & Roưerova & Beinart & Hu" authorityYear="2023" box="[1049,1146,1714,1737]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="rariseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FB9345EFF666F968" box="[1049,1146,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">P. rariseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BAINIDI OP114647), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FA3845EFF1C6F949" authorityName="Nitla, Serra, Fokin, Modeo, Verni, Sandeep, Kalavati & Petroni" authorityYear="2019" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="narasimhamurtii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FA3845EFF1C6F949" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">P. narasimhamurtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(KY563721) with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FB21458CF716F949" box="[1195,1290,1745,1768]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Plagiopylidae" genus="Plagiopyla" kingdom="Chromista" order="Plagiopylida" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="mystax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FB21458CF716F949" box="[1195,1290,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">P. mystax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AF527757), respectively, with low support (19%, 35%, 41%) in ML analysis, whilethesefoursequencesgrouptogetherinBIanalysis.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FAD74452F19CF8E7" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FAD74452F7DEF886" box="[1373,1474,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">Plagiopyla</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FJ875150) is sister to other sequences in Clade II in both analyses. The family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FB8E4410F696F8C4" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1933" box="[1028,1162,1869,1893]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trimyemidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Trimyemidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also a fully supported monophyletic group. Five
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC508313FB8F4433F6A5F824" box="[1029,1209,1901,1925]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trimyemidae" genus="Trimyema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="501" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="foissneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC508313FB8F4433F6A5F824" box="[1029,1209,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="501">Trimyema foissneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TANGDAO OP114646, NINIBRI4 OP186378, JUDFA OP186379, JUD81 OP186380, and JUD11A OP186381) sequences cluster together with maximum support (100% ML, 1.00 BI) and together are sister to the assemblage containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC518312FE0845C1F00CF912" authorityName="Lackey" authorityYear="1925" box="[386,528,1692,1715]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trimyemidae" genus="Trimyema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="502" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="compressum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC518312FE0845C1F00CF912" box="[386,528,1692,1715]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="502">T. compressum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AB285526, Z29438),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC518312FFFB45E6F2D7F973" box="[113,203,1722,1746]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trimyemidae" genus="Trimyema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="502" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="finlayi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC518312FFFB45E6F2D7F973" box="[113,203,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="502">T. finlayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MF074215), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2CF5DC518312FE1745E6F04EF973" box="[413,594,1722,1746]" pageId="9" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A8B64DC518312FE1745E6F3E3F973" box="[413,511,1723,1746]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="502">Trimyema</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Z29441) with moderate support (86% ML, 0.89 BI).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |