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<mods:title id="ACF3CEE42DC7A631886FDAE12251A543">A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B833690FFF74567F4AEF9B9FD05F9CA" blockId="25.[151,895,1610,1637]" box="[151,895,1610,1637]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
<heading id="D0CB81FCFFF74567F4AEF9B9FD05F9CA" bold="true" box="[151,895,1610,1637]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF74567F4AEF9B9FD05F9CA" bold="true" box="[151,895,1610,1637]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFF74567F4D7F9B9FC70F9CB" ID-CoL="63PZQ" ID-ENA="1867254" authority="Brandt" authorityName="Brandt" box="[238,522,1610,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF74567F4D7F9B9FFD2F9CB" bold="true" box="[238,424,1610,1637]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Porphyrophora</emphasis>
Brandt
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF74567F628F9B8FC53F9CB" bold="true" box="[529,553,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFF74567F609F9B8FD05F9CA" author="Brandt, J. F. &amp; Ratzeburg, J. T. C." box="[560,895,1610,1637]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" refId="ref32932" refString="Brandt, J. F. &amp; Ratzeburg, J. T. C. (1833) Medizinische Zoologie oder Getreue Darstellung und Beschreibung der Thiere, Die In Der Arzneimittellehre In Betracht Kommen: in systematischer Folge herausgegeben. Zweiter Band. Gedruckt bei Trowitzsch und Sohn, Berlin, IV + 364 pp." type="book" year="1833">Brandt &amp; Ratzeburg, 1833</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C326651BFFF74567F4AEF97CFDA4F8AD" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B833690FFF74567F4AEF97CFCC3F906" blockId="25.[151,990,1679,1795]" box="[151,697,1679,1704]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2C11BEFFF74567F4AEF97CFCC3F906" box="[151,697,1679,1704]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9D1081FFF74567F4AEF97CFC7DF909" author="Hahnemann, C. F. S." box="[151,519,1679,1703]" page="193" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" year="1793">
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFF74567F4AEF97CFC7DF909" authority="Hahnemann, 1793: 193" authorityName="Hahnemann" authorityPageNumber="193" authorityYear="1793" box="[151,519,1679,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Coccionella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF74567F4AEF97CFF6BF909" box="[151,273,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Coccionella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFF74567F521F97CFC7DF909" author="Hahnemann, C. F. S." box="[280,519,1679,1703]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" refId="ref33758" refString="Hahnemann, C. F. S. (1793) Apothekerlexikon. Crusius, Leipzig, 280 pp." type="book" year="1793">Hahnemann, 1793: 193</bibRefCitation>
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, junior synonym.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B833690FFF74567F4AEF95DFC9CF968" blockId="25.[151,990,1679,1795]" box="[151,742,1710,1734]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFF74567F4AEF95DFF05F968" ID-CoL="63PZQ" authority="Brandt" authorityName="Brandt" box="[151,383,1710,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF74567F4AEF95DFF4EF968" box="[151,308,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Porphyrophora</emphasis>
Brandt
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF74567F5BCF95DFFE3F96B" box="[389,409,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9D1081FFF74567F599F95DFC98F968" author="Brandt, J. F. &amp; Ratzeburg, J. T. C." box="[416,738,1710,1734]" page="355" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" year="1833">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFF74567F599F95DFC98F968" author="Brandt, J. F. &amp; Ratzeburg, J. T. C." box="[416,738,1710,1734]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" refId="ref32932" refString="Brandt, J. F. &amp; Ratzeburg, J. T. C. (1833) Medizinische Zoologie oder Getreue Darstellung und Beschreibung der Thiere, Die In Der Arzneimittellehre In Betracht Kommen: in systematischer Folge herausgegeben. Zweiter Band. Gedruckt bei Trowitzsch und Sohn, Berlin, IV + 364 pp." type="book" year="1833">Brandt &amp; Ratzeburg, 1833: 355</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B833690FFF74567F4AEF93FFDDEF94A" blockId="25.[151,990,1679,1795]" box="[151,932,1740,1765]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2C11BEFFF74567F4AEF93FFDDEF94A" box="[151,932,1740,1765]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9D1081FFF74567F4AEF93FFFA1F94B" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[151,475,1740,1765]" page="83" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" year="2005">
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFF74567F4AEF93FFFA1F94B" authority="Ben-Dov, 2005: 83" authorityName="Ben-Dov" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,475,1740,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Coccionella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF74567F4AEF93FFF6BF94A" box="[151,273,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Coccionella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFF74567F521F93EFFA1F94B" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[280,475,1740,1765]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" refId="ref32781" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (2005) A Systematic Catalogue of the Scale Insect Family Margarodidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the World. Intercept Ltd., Wimborne, 400 pp." type="book" year="2005">Ben-Dov, 2005: 83</bibRefCitation>
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, subsequent use; regarded as
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF74567F73FF93EFDE7F94A" box="[774,925,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B833690FFF74567F4AEF918FDA4F8AD" blockId="25.[151,990,1679,1795]" box="[151,990,1771,1795]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2C11BEFFF74567F4AEF918FDA4F8AD" box="[151,990,1771,1795]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9D1081FFF74567F4AEF918FF84F8AD" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[151,510,1771,1795]" page="83" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" year="2005">
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFF74567F4AEF918FF84F8AD" ID-CoL="63PZQ" authority="Ben-Dov, 2005: 83" authorityName="Ben-Dov" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,510,1771,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF74567F4AEF918FF4EF8AD" box="[151,308,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Porphyrophora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFF74567F503F91FFF84F8AD" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[314,510,1771,1795]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" refId="ref32781" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (2005) A Systematic Catalogue of the Scale Insect Family Margarodidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the World. Intercept Ltd., Wimborne, 400 pp." type="book" year="2005">Ben-Dov, 2005: 83</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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. subsequent use; regarded as
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF74567F710F91FFDA2F8AD" box="[809,984,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">nomen protectum</emphasis>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326651BFFF74564F4AEF8C2FC2FFD93" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B833690FFF74567F4AEF8C2FAB9F8E2" blockId="25.[151,1219,1841,1868]" box="[151,1219,1841,1868]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF74567F4AEF8C2FF4FF8E5" bold="true" box="[151,309,1841,1867]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
<typeStatus id="54878832FFF74567F4AEF8C2FEA8F8E5" box="[151,210,1841,1867]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFF74567F505F8C2FCA2F8E5" ID-CoL="4LZ9B" authority="Brandt, 1883" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1883" box="[316,728,1841,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frischii">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF74567F505F8C2FC45F8E5" box="[316,575,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Porphyrophora frischii</emphasis>
Brandt, 1883
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFF74567F6C6F8C1FACDF8E2" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 456" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="456" authorityYear="1758" box="[767,1207,1841,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polonicus">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF74567F6C6F8C1FDBCF8E5" box="[767,966,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Coccus polonicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFF74567F7F4F8C2FACDF8E2" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[973,1207,1841,1868]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" refId="ref34232" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, (4) + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 456</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B833690FFF74567F4AEF88AFF11F83D" blockId="25.[151,1436,1913,2012]" box="[151,363,1913,1939]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF74567F4AEF88AFF11F83D" bold="true" box="[151,363,1913,1939]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Generic diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B833690FFF74564F4FEF86EFC2FFD93" blockId="25.[151,1436,1913,2012]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,151,897]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF74567F4FEF86EFF08F819" bold="true" box="[199,370,1949,1975]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Adult female:</emphasis>
In life, body egg-shaped, hairy, violet-red; legs well developed, foreleg fossorial; living underground. In microscope slide mount, derm membranous, with a granular pattern; body covered by long hair-like setae and a few small setae. Antennae stout and more-or-less conical, each 718 segmented, sometimes apical segment with a pseudosegment; most segments naked, except apical segment with a group of flagellate setae and sensory setae; sensillum placodeum present on segment IV containing a group of sensilla. Eyes present, with surrounding cuticle reticulate or smooth. Mouthparts absent. Thoracic spiracles each with a strong apodeme; peritreme circular, containing 422 spiracular disc-pores; each spiracle with 212 perispiracular sensilla situated laterad to peritreme. Abdominal spiracles numbering 2 pairs or absent. Foreleg fossorial, coxa with a triangular lateral plate; trochanter with 1020 campaniform sensilla on each surface; femur large and strong, with many short setae laterally and a group of long setae ventrally; tibia short; tarsus fused with claw, and with a group of campaniform pores dorsally; claw enlarged and heavily sclerotized. Middle and hind legs each similar in structure to foreleg but small. Anal opening simple. Multilocular disc-pores each with 13 concentric rings or a slight spiral of loculi; posterior disc-pores slightly larger than anterior ones. Microducts each small, with sclerotized circular pore and inner ductule long and filamentous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326651BFFF44564F4FEFDB5FFA2FC2F" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B833690FFF44564F4FEFDB5FC23FD5F" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF44564F4FEFDB5FF28FDCE" bold="true" box="[199,338,582,608]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Comments:</emphasis>
Adult females of
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFF44564F61EFDB4FCAEFDCF" authorityName="Ben-Dov" authorityYear="2005" box="[551,724,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF44564F61EFDB4FCAEFDCF" box="[551,724,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Porphyrophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from those of other genera of hypogeal margarodids by the following characters: (i) abdominal spiracles numbering 2 pairs or absent; (ii) thoracic spiracles each with multilocular disc-pores in atrium but abdominal spiracles without any pores; (iii) foreleg claw simple, without a heel; (iv) antennae each 718 segmented, more-or-less conical, usually naked except apical segment; (v) spines absent; and (vi) eyespots present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B833690FFF44564F4FEFD08FFA2FC2F" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">
In
<collectingCountry id="F32B7600FFF44564F4DCFD08FF51FCBB" box="[229,299,763,789]" name="China" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">China</collectingCountry>
, five species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFF44564F5E6FD08FCF6FCBB" authorityName="Ben-Dov" authorityYear="2005" box="[479,652,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF44564F5E6FD08FCF6FCBB" box="[479,652,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Porphyrophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been recorded, all inhabiting the northern regions: Nei Monggol Autonomous Region,
<collectingRegion id="49F8F872FFF44564F5B6FCECFC61FC97" box="[399,539,799,825]" country="China" name="Ningxia" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Ningxia Hui</collectingRegion>
Autonomous Region and
<collectingRegion id="49F8F872FFF44564F77BFCECFD89FC97" box="[834,1011,799,825]" country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Xinjiang Uygur</collectingRegion>
Autonomous Region. The host plants belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFF44564F530FCB0FF0EFCF3" box="[265,372,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFF44564F5B8FCB0FF9AFCF3" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[385,480,835,861]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFF44564F5D2FCB0FC0FFCF3" box="[491,629,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Primulaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFF44564F696FCB0FD31FCF3" box="[687,843,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Boraginaceae</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFF44564F76FFCB0FAC6FCF3" authority="Yang" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="1979" box="[854,1212,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ningxiana">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF44564F76FFCB0FA01FCF2" box="[854,1147,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Porphyrophora ningxiana</emphasis>
Yang
</taxonomicName>
is a pest of licorice root (
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFF44564F4ECFC94FFB2FC2F" box="[213,456,871,897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Glycyrrhiza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFF44564F4ECFC94FFB2FC2F" box="[213,456,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Glycyrrhiza uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>