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<document id="42C4545654EC3B91F54EF96E70AC4A47" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190308" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b1039475-ade6-49f6-8ea7-c92c35b61c52" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190308" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461111372257" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Maduwage, Kalana, Silva, Anjana, Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum &amp; Pethiyagoda, Rohan" docDate="2009" docId="038D1C750D747D03028AFF5D13C0FD9D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02232p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2232" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hypnale" docType="key" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFB4640D0D637D14021DFFCA165CFFE5" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the South Asian hump-nosed pit vipers (Squamata: Viperidae: Hypnale)" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698594252685" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="89DD7F2C1F8247E123AD1E2CB28F5D8B">A taxonomic revision of the South Asian hump-nosed pit vipers (Squamata: Viperidae: Hypnale)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="36937C8ECD67B1D0D5600874A92FFD3B">Maduwage, Kalana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4F7FC4C734870A6D6627F040399FB167">Silva, Anjana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1F7F24F65E9C3280C5C38255C8F3CF46">Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F4FFBA12CE4DB173769DBF212185F0CE">Pethiyagoda, Rohan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="405429244A2E259240D7E76884D0D238">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038D1C750D747D03028AFF5D13C0FD9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6212591" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119624053" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6212591" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1C750D747D03028AFF5D13C0FD9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D1C750D747D03028AFF5D13C0FD9D" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<subSubSection id="C33EFEE80D747D03028AFF5D1454FF54" box="[151,520,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D747D03028AFF5D1454FF54" blockId="23.[151,520,151,177]" box="[151,520,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="D0D31A0F0D747D03028AFF5D1454FF54" bold="true" box="[151,520,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95071710D747D03028AFF5D1454FF54" bold="true" box="[151,520,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Key to the Species of
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D747D0303BCFF5D1454FF54" box="[417,520,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95071710D747D0303BCFF5D1454FF54" bold="true" box="[417,520,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hypnale</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33EFEE80D747D03028AFF2B13C0FD9D" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="key">
<keyStep id="30D0B5C60D747D03028AFF2B13C9FE9D" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D747D03028AFF2B13C7FEDD" blockId="23.[151,1436,225,632]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30D50E560D747D03028AFF2B13C7FEDD" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
1a. No small scales between postfoveal and 3rd supralabial; no diamond-shaped scale between postocular, 1st lower temporal, and 4th and 5th supralabials, which are in contact (
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D747D030153FECB15C9FEFD" box="[846,917,257,280]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[173,1408,186,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1430,174,1909]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Hypnale hypnale, WHT 5852, male, 311.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 5857, male, 343.0 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190309/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
a, 6a, 8a); hemipenial lobe not spinous (
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D747D030722FECB13DAFEFD" box="[1343,1414,257,280]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[173,1408,186,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1430,174,1909]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Hypnale hypnale, WHT 5852, male, 311.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 5857, male, 343.0 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190309/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
d, 6d) ................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D747D03028AFE8B13C9FE9D" blockId="23.[151,1436,225,632]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30D50E560D747D03028AFE8B13C9FE9D" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
1b. 13 small scales between postfoveal and 3rd supralabial (
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D747D030128FE8B152AFEBD" box="[821,886,321,344]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,258,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[160,1415,209,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1799]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hypnale nepa, WHT 6515, neotype, male, 367.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6082, male, 292.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka: H. nepa (solid circles), H. walli type locality (open circle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190312/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
a); a diamond-shaped scale between postocular, 1st lower temporal, and 4th and 5th supralabials (
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D747D0300ADFEAB14ADFE9D" box="[688,753,353,376]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,258,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[160,1415,209,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1799]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hypnale nepa, WHT 6515, neotype, male, 367.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6082, male, 292.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka: H. nepa (solid circles), H. walli type locality (open circle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190312/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
a); hemipenial spines present (
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D747D030629FEAB1228FE9D" box="[1076,1140,353,376]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,258,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[160,1415,209,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1799]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hypnale nepa, WHT 6515, neotype, male, 367.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6082, male, 292.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka: H. nepa (solid circles), H. walli type locality (open circle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190312/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
d) ................
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D747D03071DFEAB13C9FE9D" box="[1280,1429,353,376]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nepa">
<emphasis id="B95071710D747D03071DFEAB13C9FE9D" box="[1280,1429,353,376]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hypnale nepa</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D0B5C60D747D03028AFE4B13CAFE3D" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D747D03028AFE4B13C7FE7D" blockId="23.[151,1436,225,632]" box="[151,1435,385,408]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30D50E560D747D03028AFE4B13C7FE7D" box="[151,1435,385,408]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
2a. Snout tip not elevated; 35 small scales behind rostral (
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D747D03010AFE4B1502FE7D" box="[791,862,385,408]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[173,1408,186,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1430,174,1909]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Hypnale hypnale, WHT 5852, male, 311.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 5857, male, 343.0 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190309/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
a, 8a); lacunal scale present (
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D747D030688FE4B1280FE7D" box="[1173,1244,385,408]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[173,1408,186,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1430,174,1909]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Hypnale hypnale, WHT 5852, male, 311.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 5857, male, 343.0 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190309/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
a, 8a)................. 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D747D03028AFE6B13CAFE3D" blockId="23.[151,1436,225,632]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30D50E560D747D03028AFE6B13CAFE3D" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
2b. Snout tip distinctly elevated (
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D747D030019FE6B1418FE5D" box="[516,580,417,440]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,188,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[175,1419,176,1872]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypnale zara: WHT 2198, male, 338.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe of WHT 5848, 288.0 mm SVL; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale of WHT 2198; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6089, male, 297.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190314/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
a); 1019 small scales comprise wart-like protuberance behind rostral (
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D747D03075DFE6B13DDFE5D" box="[1344,1409,417,440]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,188,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[175,1419,176,1872]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypnale zara: WHT 2198, male, 338.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe of WHT 5848, 288.0 mm SVL; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale of WHT 2198; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6089, male, 297.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190314/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
a); lacunal scale absent (
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D747D0303B4FE0B17B5FE3D" box="[425,489,449,472]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,188,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[175,1419,176,1872]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypnale zara: WHT 2198, male, 338.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe of WHT 5848, 288.0 mm SVL; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale of WHT 2198; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6089, male, 297.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190314/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
a) ..................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D747D030718FE0B13CAFE3D" box="[1285,1430,449,472]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zara">
<emphasis id="B95071710D747D030718FE0B13CAFE3D" box="[1285,1430,449,472]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hypnale zara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D0B5C60D747D03028AFE2B13C0FD9D" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D747D03028AFE2B13C7FDDD" blockId="23.[151,1436,225,632]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30D50E560D747D03028AFE2B13C7FDDD" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
3a. Two rows of distinct suboval or subtriangular blotches meet on dorsal midline, bilaterally symmetrical (especially on tail), sometimes displaced longitudinally on body (
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D747D03013DFDCB153EFDFD" box="[800,866,513,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,257,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,194,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[155,1431,194,1932]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hypnale hypnale: a, dosal aspect of neotype, BNHS 2531 - 759, female, 350.0 mm SVL; b, dorso-lateral aspect of a specimen from Galle, Sri Lanka (not preserved); c, reproduction of drawing of H. hypnale in Russell (1801)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190311/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
b); 1st infralabials contact one another at a median suture (
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D747D03030AFDEB170FFDDD" box="[279,339,545,568]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[173,1408,186,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1430,174,1909]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Hypnale hypnale, WHT 5852, male, 311.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 5857, male, 343.0 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190309/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
c); 78 supralabials
<emphasis id="B95071710D747D030034FDEB13C7FDDD" box="[553,1435,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
.........................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D747D0306FBFDEB13C7FDDD" box="[1254,1435,545,568]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnale">Hypnale hypnale</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D747D03028AFD8B13C0FD9D" blockId="23.[151,1436,225,632]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30D50E560D747D03028AFD8B13C0FD9D" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
3b. A distinct purple-brown, about 3 scales wide paravertebral stripe extends from neck to level of vent (
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D747D03070AFD8B1306FDBD" box="[1303,1370,577,600]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,194,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[163,1425,194,1933]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypnale sp. amal: a, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL; b, collection locality: a home garden at Wataraka, Galle, Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190317/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
a); 1st infralabials contact each other on mid line, forming a single scale (
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D747D030193FDAB1592FD9D" box="[910,974,609,632]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. amal, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
c); 8 or 9 supralabials
<emphasis id="B95071710D747D0306A8FDAB1377FD9D" box="[1205,1323,609,632]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
....
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D747D0306D3FDAB1377FD9D" box="[1230,1323,609,632]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypnale</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
sp. amal
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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