252 lines
36 KiB
XML
252 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="B7DC80B89526FA9A9D3EB211E5DD9BB2" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190308" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b1039475-ade6-49f6-8ea7-c92c35b61c52" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190308" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461111372257" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Maduwage, Kalana, Silva, Anjana, Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum & Pethiyagoda, Rohan" docDate="2009" docId="038D1C750D707D00028AFDD01745F841" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02232p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2232" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hypnale" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="FFB4640D0D637D14021DFFCA165CFFE5" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the South Asian hump-nosed pit vipers (Squamata: Viperidae: Hypnale)" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698594252685" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C7CA7CC09B3A1DA773D8B1527858465D">
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<mods:title id="65315DC68C6C65FF010708AFD1F9DFDB">A taxonomic revision of the South Asian hump-nosed pit vipers (Squamata: Viperidae: Hypnale)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="C8E8E4E4E9F661CA2CC05024C8F6136D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A34454971316347F9F84A7ECCD23F65F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CCEA97C6C898382376403A058F00920E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B325418C750AE8F671461C6CDF4B3439">Maduwage, Kalana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="EBBCB5B0D0FF1F0C3987808924D3C564">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1F83CF06D6AB7B2141AA66719772364F">Silva, Anjana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B2AB27BA56BC539C5902C7821CA4A1B4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="65EE3E43BCB5D70F01AF795170E41B21">Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="26AB6C26425E62564E1A4A17B1C858E1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="295B1CF5F827B171BA602247C8D73FDC">Pethiyagoda, Rohan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FA3DF728CAA4C1816FCE4689B3803D94">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0984A8930C0F0505B060037CDD5B02F0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4A426E0FCDEBE7EEB52E97ECBA93EB8A">
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<mods:date id="0BECA29A62E81FA8DB8BBEF0A9EE30AF">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3434DE776D2DE7ECD2DC1A3BA60A0825" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B54AE17ADF0A3F8AF2F27743DC788E1E">2232</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7A27D711B1B8CFB438083C6088411189">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8D6AAA4C1D08304799A4A4D8BC96873D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.190308</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="35746F5B929473035B8EDD7923D395D5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038D1C750D707D00028AFDD01745F841" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6212589" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119624054" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6212589" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1C750D707D00028AFDD01745F841" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D1C750D707D00028AFDD01745F841" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="C33EFEE80D707D07028AFDD017ECFDBE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D707D07028AFDD017EFFDD1" blockId="19.[151,435,538,603]" box="[151,435,538,564]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0D31A0F0D707D07028AFDD017EFFDD1" bold="true" box="[151,435,538,564]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D07028AFDD017EFFDD1" bold="true" box="[151,435,538,564]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D707D07028AFDD016A2FDD1" box="[151,254,538,564]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D07028AFDD016A2FDD1" bold="true" box="[151,254,538,564]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hypnale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species ‘amal’
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D707D070283FD8B17ECFDBE" blockId="19.[151,435,538,603]" box="[158,432,577,603]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D707D0702BAFD8B16B3FDBE" box="[167,239,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D707D0702E1FD8B171FFDBE" box="[252,323,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,194,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[163,1425,194,1933]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’: a, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL; b, collection locality: a home garden at Wataraka, Galle, Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190317/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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; Table 2)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33EFEE80D707D07028AFD441402FD2A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D707D07028AFD441402FD2A" blockId="19.[151,1437,654,2034]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D07028AFD4417D0FD4D" bold="true" box="[151,396,654,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material examined.</emphasis>
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WHT 7140 male,
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<quantity id="4CDC00860D707D070077FD441497FD4D" box="[618,715,654,680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="325.0">325 mm</quantity>
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SVL, Watareka, Galle,
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<collectingCountry id="F333EDF30D707D0701FBFD441200FD4D" box="[998,1116,654,680]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D707D070674FD441292FD4D" box="[1129,1230,654,680]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="925" value="6.0666666">06º04’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D707D0706C6FD441318FD4D" box="[1243,1348,654,680]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="925" value="80.2">80º12’ E</geoCoordinate>
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, alt.
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<quantity id="4CDC00860D707D070762FD4416EDFD2A" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
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, coll. Amal Wijesekara,
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<date id="FF9A8BA30D707D0703CCFD7F1405FD2A" box="[465,601,693,719]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2006-11-25">25 XI 2006</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33EFEE80D707D0702DBFD1112A4F8D5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D707D0702DBFD11152CFB9D" blockId="19.[151,1437,654,2034]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D0702DBFD11171AFD10" bold="true" box="[198,326,731,757]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D707D07034CFD1617E8FD10" box="[337,436,732,757]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D07034CFD1617E8FD10" box="[337,436,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hypnale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. ‘amal’ is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: tip of snout not raised; no wart-like protuberance on snout-tip (
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<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D707D070610FCC81208FCF9" box="[1037,1108,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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a); 3 minute scales between rostral and base of internasals (
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<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D707D070015FCE31413FCA6" box="[520,591,809,835]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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b). Ten small heterogeneous scales on internasal-prefrontal region (
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<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D707D070771FCE316FAFC8F" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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b); 6 scales around eye: supraocular + 2 postoculars + 2 preoculars + postfoveal (
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<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D707D070671FC9A12EFFC8F" box="[1132,1203,848,874]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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a); 4 scales encircle maxillary pit: lower preocular + postfoveal + lacunal + upper edge of 2nd supralabial (
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<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D707D070690FCBC128FFC75" box="[1165,1235,886,912]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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a); 2 postoculars, the upper one small, the lower one crescentic, reaching postfoveal; no small scales between postfoveal and 3rd supralabial (
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<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D707D070347FC0E17FEFC3B" box="[346,418,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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a); lower postocular, 1st lower temporal, 4th and 5th supralabials in contact, no scale between them; supralabials 9; lacunal present, surrounded by loreal, 1st supralabial, 2nd supralabial, maxillary pit and tip of lower preocular); 1st infralabials on left and right side medially fused, not separated from each other by a median suture (
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<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D707D070049FBF214C0FBB7" box="[596,668,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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c); costal scales keeled (
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<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D707D0701DFFBF21256FBB7" box="[962,1034,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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d); ventrals 151; subcaudal series divided medially, with 41 scales; hemipenial lobe not spinous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D707D0702DBFB4F12ABFAF6" blockId="19.[151,1437,654,2034]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D707D0702DBFB4F1776FB7B" box="[198,298,1157,1182]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D0702DBFB4F1776FB7B" box="[198,298,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hypnale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. ‘amal’ is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D707D0700C0FB4F153AFB7B" box="[733,870,1157,1182]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnale">
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D0700C0FB4F153AFB7B" box="[733,870,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. hypnale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by having 9 (
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D070634FB4F121DFB7B" box="[1065,1089,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
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7–8) supralabials; the first infralabials on either side medially fused (
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D070089FB6614F1FB20" box="[660,685,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
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separated from each other by a median suture); and a distinct, purple-brown paravertebral stripe about 3 scales wide extending from neck to level of vent (
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D0706F1FB191359FB09" box="[1260,1285,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
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two rows of distinct, bilaterally symmetrical sub-oval or sub-triangular blotches meeting on dorsal midline).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D707D0702DBFAEA1506F9AD" blockId="19.[151,1437,654,2034]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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It is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D707D0703F0FAEA1412FADC" box="[493,590,1312,1337]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nepa">
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D0703F0FAEA1412FADC" box="[493,590,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. nepa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by lacking (
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D0700F0FAEA1559FADC" box="[749,773,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
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possessing) a wart-like protuberance on the snout-tip; lacking (
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D07031DFA8D1745FA85" box="[256,281,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
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possessing 1–3) scales between the postfoveal and 3rd supralabial; having the lower postocular, 1st lower temporal, 4th and 5th supralabials in contact (
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D070102FAA7156BFA63" box="[799,823,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
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separated by a rhomboid scale of similar size); 9 (
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D070799FAA713C0FA63" box="[1412,1436,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
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7–8) supralabials; the first infralabials on either side medially fused (
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<emphasis id="B95071710D707D0701A7FA5E158FFA48" box="[954,979,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
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separated from each other by a median suture); all costal scales keeled (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D07000FFA711476FA31" box="[530,554,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
|
||
mid-dorsal scales smooth); 151 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D0701AFFA711597FA31" box="[946,971,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
|
||
122–134) ventrals; the hemipenial lobe not spinous (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D070328FA2B1712FA1F" box="[309,334,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
|
||
spinous on proximal two-thirds of its length); a distinct purple-brown paravertebral stripe about 3 scales wide extending from neck to level of vent (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D070151F9C21539F9C4" box="[844,869,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
|
||
two rows of distinct, sub-oval or sub triangular bilaterally symmetrical blotches meeting on dorsal midline).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D707D0702DBF99F12A4F8D5" blockId="19.[151,1437,654,2034]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
It is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D707D0703FEF99F1460F98B" box="[483,572,1621,1646]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D0703FEF99F1460F98B" box="[483,572,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. zara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having the tip of the snout not raised (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D07062EF99F1210F98B" box="[1075,1100,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly elevated); lacking (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D0702BCF9B616E5F970" box="[161,185,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
|
||
possessing) a wart-like protuberance on the snout-tip; having 10 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D0701DDF9B61584F970" box="[960,984,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
|
||
18–39) small heterogeneous scales on internasal-prefrontal region; 4 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D07000CF9691476F959" box="[529,554,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
|
||
3) scales encircling maxillary pit; 9 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D0701F0F969125AF959" box="[1005,1030,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
|
||
7–8) supralabials; a lacunal scale present (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D0702E0F903174AF907" box="[253,278,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
|
||
absent); first infralabials on either side medially fused (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D0701B7F903159FF907" box="[938,963,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
|
||
not fused, separated from each other by a median suture); and a distinct purple-brown paravertebral stripe about 3 scales wide extending from neck to level of vent (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D070327F8DD170FF8D5" box="[314,339,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
|
||
2 rows of distinct, bilaterally symmetrical blotches meeting on dorsal midline).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EFEE80D707D0002DBF8F71745F841" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D707D0002DBF8F71575FDBE" blockId="19.[151,1437,654,2034]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,152,603]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D0702DBF8F71702F8B2" bold="true" box="[198,350,1853,1879]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on only known specimen, WHT 7140. Snout tip not raised (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D707D070685F8F712BEF8B2" box="[1176,1250,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
a); no wart-like protuberance on snout tip. Three small scales between rostral and base of internasals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D707D070660F8AE129EF89B" box="[1149,1218,1892,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
b); about 14 small, heterogeneous scales on internasal-prefrontal region (damaged: see
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D707D0701FEF8401271F841" box="[995,1069,1930,1956]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
b); internasals small, distinct; prefrontals distinct, somewhat displaced; internasals broadly separated from one another by a small scale; prefrontals in contact, separated from frontal and supraoculars by 5 rows of small scales; upper preocular, loreal and nasal extend over canthal ridge, just visible from above; rostral longer than wide, obtusely pointed, scarcely visible from above; nasal partially divided above level of nostril; loreal acutely pointed anteriorly, its posterior margin broad, extending dorsally across canthus; 2 preoculars; 2 postoculars, the upper one small, the lower one crescentic, reaching postfoveal; eye encircled by 6 scales: 2 preoculars + supraocular + 2 postoculars and postfoveal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D777D0003FCFEF81474FEA9" box="[481,552,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
a); lacunal scale present. Maxillary pit bordered by 4 scales: lacunal, lower preocular, postfoveal and upper edge of 2nd supralabial. Supralabials 9, not in contact with eye; 1st supralabial extends upward to reach loreal; apex of 1st supralabial not divided into a small scale; infralabials 9 on left and 8 on right (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D777D0003BAFE6C17ACFE25" box="[423,496,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
c). Four rows of smooth temporals, those on lower row greatly enlarged; postparietals numerous, small. Mental subtriangular; a single pair of chin shields, longer than wide; infralabials I, II and III in contact with chin shields (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D777D00009FFE3E1492FDEB" box="[642,718,500,526]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
c). Mental and chin shields separated from each other by infralabial I; 1st infralabials on left and right side fused, not separated from one another by a median suture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D777D000282FD8B16B9FDBE" box="[159,229,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,261,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,203,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects respectively of head; d, dorsal view of paravertebral scale; e, medial view of right palatine; and f, distribution in Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190316/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
c); gular scales in 4 medial series, 6 lateral series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D777D0002DBFD44142CFD4D" blockId="20.[198,624,654,680]" box="[198,624,654,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Costodorsal reduction (WHT 7140):</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D777D0002CCFD16178CFD13" blockId="20.[158,595,732,835]" box="[209,464,732,758]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4+3(8) 5+4(140)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D777D000283FCC8140FFCF9" blockId="20.[158,595,732,835]" box="[158,595,770,796]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">19————–17—————15 (145)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D777D0002CCFCE31784FCA6" blockId="20.[158,595,732,835]" box="[209,472,809,835]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5+4(7) 3+4(142)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D777D0002DBFCBC124FFBCE" blockId="20.[151,1437,886,1956]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Costal scales at mid-body 17; paravertebral scale row not enlarged; dorsal scales keeled except for those on lowermost 3 lateral rows; paired apical pits present, inconspicuous. Ventrals 151; subcaudal series divided medially, with 41 scales; anal scale partially divided; 2 pairs of sub-anal scales. Rows of costal scales up to 8th ventral on right side and 7th ventral on left, 19; 17 rows thereafter (including mid-body) up to 140th ventral on right side and 142nd on left, following which 15 rows up to anus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D777D0002DBFBF21735FB7A" blockId="20.[151,1437,886,1956]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The hemipenes of the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F13C10D777D000014FBF21433FBB7" box="[521,623,1080,1106]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are not everted, and were examined following dissection. Hemipenes moderately long, slender, deeply forked, without spines. Transverse flounces closely spaced on lobes; sulcus spermaticus deep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D777D0002DBFB611225FADF" blockId="20.[151,1437,886,1956]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D777D0002DBFB611722FB20" bold="true" box="[198,382,1195,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Mensural data</emphasis>
|
||
(see also Table 2). Measurements of only known specimen: SVL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D777D000687FB66135CFB23" box="[1178,1280,1196,1222]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="325.0">325 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D777D00075CFB6613C4FB23" box="[1345,1432,1196,1222]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="59.0">59 mm</quantity>
|
||
, (18.2% of SVL); HL, 18.0 mm (5.5% of SVL); HW, 12.0 mm (66.7% of HL); SL, 5.0 mm (27.8% of HL); FL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D777D00028AFB3316ACFAF6" box="[151,240,1273,1299]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(18.9% of HL); FW,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D777D0003F4FB33141FFAF6" box="[489,579,1273,1299]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(15.0% of HL); PL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D777D000128FB3315D2FAF6" box="[821,910,1273,1299]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(25.6% of HL); PW,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D777D000695FB3312BDFAF6" box="[1160,1249,1273,1299]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(17.8% of HL); SU,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D777D0002D6FAEA1779FADF" box="[203,293,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(24.4% of HL); SW,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D777D00003DFAEA1426FADF" box="[544,634,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
21.1% of HL); SS,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D777D00017EFAEA15E1FADF" box="[867,957,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(16.1% of HL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D777D0002DBFA8C144FF959" blockId="20.[151,1437,886,1956]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D777D0002DBFA8C1709FA85" bold="true" box="[198,341,1350,1376]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
(Based on
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D777D0003F9FA8D146BFA85" box="[484,567,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
observations of the only known specimen.) Dorsal ground colour light brown, with minute, closely-spaced dark-brown spots on body. Head purplish-brown dorsally. A distinct purple-brown paravertebral stripe extends from neck to level of vent, about 3 scales wide, becoming diffuse on tail; keels on paravertebral scales yellow, forming a fine mid-dorsal line that extends from mid-body to level of vent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D777D000321FA2B17DFFA1E" box="[316,387,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,194,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[163,1425,194,1933]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’: a, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL; b, collection locality: a home garden at Wataraka, Galle, Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190317/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Tip of tail yellow-brown. A distinct, yellow-brown dorsolateral stripe originates from snout and traverses upper half of cheek and eye over about the anterior one-fourth of body length, becoming progressively diffuse on lower costal rows; a dark-brown stripe beneath this, traversing lower half of eye and rest of cheek, gradually becoming diffuse in region of lower costals. Labials paler than ground colour; supralabials II and III whitish. Medial gulars pale brown; lateral gulars dark brown. Ventrals pale brown with fine coffee-brown pigmentation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D777D0002DBF9021745F841" blockId="20.[151,1437,886,1956]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D777D0002DBF9021786F907" bold="true" box="[198,474,1736,1762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Natural history notes.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimen was collected from a shaded home garden (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D777D00068AF9031283F906" box="[1175,1247,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,194,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[163,1425,194,1933]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’: a, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL; b, collection locality: a home garden at Wataraka, Galle, Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190317/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
b), within about
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D777D00028AF93A168FF8EF" box="[151,211,1776,1802]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
of a small stream about
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D777D0003E4F93A1469F8EF" box="[505,565,1776,1802]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
upstream of the sea. It was taken by Mr Amal Wijesekera (pers. comm.), who maintained it in captivity for two weeks, during which it was photographed by the collector and A. I. Alagiyawadu (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D777D00035AF8F717D3F8B2" box="[327,399,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,194,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[163,1425,194,1933]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypnale sp. ‘ amal’: a, WHT 7140, male, 325.0 mm SVL; b, collection locality: a home garden at Wataraka, Galle, Sri Lanka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190317/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
a), after which it died, perhaps as a result of its heavy nematode infestation. Extensive searches in the vicinity of the collection locality during the first half of 2007 failed to uncover any further specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |