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<document id="3D87B2B492C1A0D99EA9C392088F1917" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.214128" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4bd30daf-1197-4764-96d5-e89d199fa990" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="214128" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460502866583" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Passos, Paulo &amp; Prudente, Ana L. C." docDate="2012" docId="03B43F6CFFA2FF8998F5F8B3958BF94E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03407p021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3407" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Atractus torquatus Dumeril, Bibron &amp; Dumeril 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FF8D4714FFA1FF999862FF829151FFDB" masterDocTitle="Morphological variation, polymorphism, and Taxonomy of the Atractus torquatus complex (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698312206030" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8C36A05F048E485B1AB448A6DBB4758A">Morphological variation, polymorphism, and Taxonomy of the Atractus torquatus complex (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4A931461EA8012BAB7CA0C46A2F75101">Passos, Paulo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DD0140DC8DF422D7668A0D1AC494144F">Prudente, Ana L. C.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B43F6CFFA2FF8998F5F8B3958BF94E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679973" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119521714" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5679973" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B43F6CFFA2FF8998F5F8B3958BF94E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B43F6CFFA2FF8998F5F8B3958BF94E" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="C307DDF1FFA2FF9A98F5F8B39008F8B7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA2FF9A98F5F8B3926BF890" blockId="3.[151,826,1841,1900]" box="[151,826,1841,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0EA3916FFA2FF9A98F5F8B3926BF890" bold="true" box="[151,826,1841,1867]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA2FF9A98F5F8B3926BF890" authority="Dumeril, Bibron &amp; Dumeril, 1854" authorityName="Dumeril, Bibron &amp; Dumeril" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,826,1841,1867]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA2FF9A98F5F8B3926BF890" bold="true" box="[151,826,1841,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA2FF9A98F5F8B39029F890" bold="true" box="[151,376,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF38BFFA2FF9A99EAF8B39260F890" author="Dumeril" box="[392,817,1841,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Dumeril, A. M. C., Bibron G. &amp; Dumeril, A. (1854) Erpetologie generale des Ophidiens, vol. 7 Paris, France." type="journal volume" year="1854">Duméril, Bibron &amp; Duméril, 1854</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA2FF9A98F5F8D69008F8B7" blockId="3.[151,826,1841,1900]" box="[151,345,1876,1900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<figureCitation id="132692FFFFA2FF9A98F5F8D69053F8B7" box="[151,258,1876,1900]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1951,1974]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1953,1976]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,785,808]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1889,1912]" captionStartId-4="9.[151,250,1808,1831]" captionStartId-5="10.[151,250,1953,1976]" captionStartId-6="11.[151,250,1933,1956]" captionTargetBox-0="[160,1419,479,1873]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1429,213,1931]" captionTargetBox-2="[169,1414,203,744]" captionTargetBox-3="[204,1367,218,1814]" captionTargetBox-4="[194,1397,193,1783]" captionTargetBox-5="[355,1232,206,1892]" captionTargetBox-6="[233,1358,202,1903]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[155,1433,441,1928]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1932]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,193,765]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[201,1381,193,1869]" captionTargetId-4="figure@9.[194,1399,193,1785]" captionTargetId-5="figure@10.[355,1232,193,1932]" captionTargetId-6="figure@11.[226,1361,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionTargetPageId-5="10" captionTargetPageId-6="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of body of the specimen of Atractus torquatus (ICN 10111) from municipality of Mitú, department of Vaupés, Colombia." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of body of the holotype of Atractus lucilae (ICN 10105) from La Pedrera, municipality of Puerto Córdoba, department of Amazonas, Colombia." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of body of the holotype of Atractus janethae (ICN 10104) from La Chorera, municipality of Puerto Córdoba, department of Amazonas, Colombia." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Variation of the blotch condition on the nuchal region to the specimens of the Atractus torquatus from Balbina Hydroelectric Plant, municipality of Presidente Figueredo (FMT 1358) (A), municipality of Manaus (FMT 338) (B) and municipality of São Miguel da Cachoeira (INPA 15760) (C). All specimens come from localities in the state of Amazonas in Brazil and they are part of Guiana Shield populations." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. General view in life of Atractus torquatus from Reserva Ducke, municipality of Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil, photo by M. Martins (a); Moiobamba, Rio Purus, Arumã district, municipality of Beruri, state of Amazonas, Brazil, photo by M. Senna (b); Balbina Hydroelectric Plant, municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, state of Amazonas, Brazil, photo by M. Martins (c); Parque Nacional do Pico da Neblina, municipality of São Grabriel da Cachoeira, state of Amazonas, Brazil, photo by V. Carvalho (d); Rio Madeira, Abunã district, Porto Velho, state of Rondônia, Brazil, photo by M. Senna (e); Moiobamba, Rio Purus, Arumã district, municipality of Beruri, state of Amazonas, Brazil, photo by M. Senna (g); Río Uey, middle basin of Río Cuyuní, state of Bolívar, Venezuela, photo by C. Barrio-Amorós (g – h)." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Lateral view of head (A) and dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of body of the holotype of Atractus davidhardi (ICN 10096) from Muniyamena, municipality of Leticia, department of Amazonas, Colombia." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of preserved specimens of Atractus torquatum from Parque Nacional de Amacayacu, municipality of Leticia, department of Amazonas, Colombia (A – B) and km 38 of the El Dorado – Santa Elena de Uairén road, state of Bolívar, Venezuela, photo by D. Calcaño (C)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/214129/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/214130/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/214131/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/214132/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/214133/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/214134/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/214135/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1–7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132692FFFFA2FF9A996FF8D69004F8B7" box="[269,341,1876,1900]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 11" captionStart-1="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="14.[151,250,1909,1932]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,250,1959,1982]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1429,1449,1855]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1415,221,1890]" captionTargetId-0="figure@14.[151,1436,1434,1856]" captionTargetId-1="figure@15.[180,1416,193,1935]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 11. Original plate of the holotype of Rabdosoma varium (RMNH 114), modified from Jan and Sordelli (1865)." captionText-1="FIGURE 12. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of body of the lectotype of Rabdosoma torquatum (RMNH 114)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/214139/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/214140/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">11–12</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307DDF1FFA2FF9F98F5F81E931AFBB8" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA2FF9A98F5F81E92CAF869" blockId="3.[151,1016,1948,2032]" box="[151,923,1948,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA2FF9A98F5F81E9372F86A" authority="F. Boie, 1827" authorityName="F. Boie" authorityYear="1827" box="[151,547,1948,1970]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Brachyorrhos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatum">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA2FF9A98F5F81E90C3F869" box="[151,402,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brachyorrhos torquatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF38BFFA2FF9A99FAF81F9372F86A" author="Boie" box="[408,547,1948,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Boie, F. (1827) Ueber Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien, Marburg, 1820. Erste Lieferung: Ophidier. Isis von Oken, 20, 508 - 566." type="journal article" year="1827">F. Boie, 1827</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; Isis Von Oken:540. (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA2FF9A9A9CF81F92DCF869" box="[766,909,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">nomen nudum</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA2FF9A98F5F83992A9F834" blockId="3.[151,1016,1948,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA2FF9A98F5F8399014F80A" box="[151,325,1979,2001]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badia">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA2FF9A98F5F8399014F80A" box="[151,325,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Calamaria badia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF38BFFA2FF9A9904F83890AFF80B" author="Schlegel" box="[358,510,1978,2000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Schlegel, H. (1837) Essai sur la physionomie des serpens. Vol. 1: xxvii, 251 pp. Vol. 2, 606 + xv pp. Atlas, 21 pls. Text, Amsterdan, Schonekat M. H. Atlas, La haye: J. Kips, J. Hz. Et. W. P. Van Stockum, Nederland." type="book" year="1837">Schlegel, 1837</bibRefCitation>
; Essai sur la Physignomie des Serpens:35. (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA2FF9A9BD8F83E92BAF80A" box="[954,1003,1980,2001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">part.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA2FF9A98F5F85B93B3F834" authority="Dumeril, Bibron &amp; Dumeril, 1854" authorityName="Dumeril, Bibron &amp; Dumeril" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,738,2009,2032]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Rabdosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatum">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA2FF9A98F5F85B902CF82B" box="[151,381,2009,2032]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rabdosoma torquatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF38BFFA2FF9A99E6F85B93B3F834" author="Dumeril" box="[388,738,2009,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Dumeril, A. M. C., Bibron G. &amp; Dumeril, A. (1854) Erpetologie generale des Ophidiens, vol. 7 Paris, France." type="journal volume" year="1854">Duméril, Bibron &amp; Duméril, 1854</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; Erpétologie Générale:101.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA5FF9D98F5FF1A93BBFF76" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,389]" box="[151,746,152,174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA5FF9D98F5FF1A9096FF75" authority="Jan, 1862" authorityName="Jan" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,455,152,174]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Rabdosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varium">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA5FF9D98F5FF1A900DFF75" box="[151,348,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Rabdosoma varium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF38BFFA5FF9D9901FF1B9096FF75" author="Jan" box="[355,455,152,174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Jan, G. (1862) Enumerazione sistematica delle specie d'Ophidi del gruppo Calamaridae. Archivos di Zoologia, Anatomia e Fisiologia, 2, 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1862">Jan, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis. 2:18.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA5FF9D98F5FF359516FF17" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,389]" box="[151,1095,182,205]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA5FF9D98F5FF359002FF16" box="[151,339,183,205]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA5FF9D98F5FF359002FF16" box="[151,339,183,205]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF38BFFA5FF9D990EFF349346FF17" author="Boulenger" box="[364,535,182,204]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1894) Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History), vol. 2. Trustees of the British Museum, London, U. K." type="journal volume" year="1894">Boulenger, 1894</bibRefCitation>
; Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum 2:309.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA5FF9D98F5FF5492AAFF31" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,389]" box="[151,1019,213,235]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA5FF9D98F5FF5491BCFF30" box="[151,237,214,235]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA5FF9D98F5FF5491BCFF30" box="[151,237,214,235]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Atractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. A –
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF38BFFA5FF9D9920FF57934BFF31" author="Dixon" box="[322,538,213,235]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Dixon, J. R. &amp; Soini, P. (1977) The reptiles of the upper Amazon Basin, Iquitos Region, Peru. Contribuitions in Biology and Geology. Milwaukee Public Mus eum, 12, 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="1977">Dixon &amp; Soini, 1977</bibRefCitation>
; Contr. Biol. Geol. Milwalke Publ. Mus. 12:37.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA5FF9D98F5FF769363FEF3" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,389]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA5FF9D98F5FF769002FED1" box="[151,339,244,266]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA5FF9D98F5FF769002FED1" box="[151,339,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF38BFFA5FF9D990EFF719312FED2" author="Dixon" box="[364,579,243,265]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Dixon, J. R. &amp; Soini, P. (1986) The reptiles of the upper Amazon basin, Iquitos region, Peru. Second edition, Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U. S. A." type="book" year="1986">Dixon &amp; Soini, 1986</bibRefCitation>
; The Reptiles of Upper Amazon Basin, Iquitos,
<collectingCountry id="F30ACEEAFFA5FF9D9C4AFF77950BFED1" box="[1064,1114,245,266]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Peru</collectingCountry>
. 2nd ed. Milwaukee, Wisconsin Milwaukee Public Museum 154:96.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA5FF9D98F5FEB0953AFE9C" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,389]" box="[151,1131,305,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA5FF9D98F5FEB0908FFE9C" authority="Silva, 2004" authorityName="Silva" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,478,305,327]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davidhardi">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA5FF9D98F5FEB09030FE9C" box="[151,353,305,327]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Atractus davidhardi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF38BFFA5FF9D9905FEB3908FFE9C" author="Silva" box="[359,478,305,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Silva, J. J. H. (2004) Las serpientes del genero Atractus Wagler, 1828 (Colubridae, Xenodontinae) en la Amazonia Colombiana. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Fisicas, Exactas y Naturales, 28, 409 - 446." type="journal article" year="2004">Silva, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; Rev. Acad. Col. Cien. Exat. Fis. Nat. 108:418.
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA5FF9D9BA1FEB09534FE9C" bold="true" box="[963,1125,306,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New synonymy</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA5FF9D98F5FED3951CFEBD" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,389]" box="[151,1101,336,358]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA5FF9D98F5FED39091FEBE" authority="Siva, 2004" authorityName="Siva" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,448,336,358]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="janethae">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA5FF9D98F5FED3901BFEBD" box="[151,330,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Atractus janethae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF38BFFA5FF9D9932FED29091FEBE" author="Siva" box="[336,448,336,358]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Silva, J. J. H. (2004) Las serpientes del genero Atractus Wagler, 1828 (Colubridae, Xenodontinae) en la Amazonia Colombiana. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Fisicas, Exactas y Naturales, 28, 409 - 446." type="journal article" year="2004">Siva, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; Rev. Acad. Col. Cien. Exat. Fis. Nat. 108:429.
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA5FF9D9BC7FED29516FEBE" bold="true" box="[933,1095,336,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New synonymy</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA5FF9D98F5FEED9513FE5F" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,389]" box="[151,1090,366,389]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA5FF9D98F5FEED90E4FE5F" authority="Silva, 2004" authorityName="Silva" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,437,366,389]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucilae">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA5FF9D98F5FEED9069FE5E" box="[151,312,367,389]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Atractus lucilae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF38BFFA5FF9D995CFEEC90E4FE5F" author="Silva" box="[318,437,366,388]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Silva, J. J. H. (2004) Las serpientes del genero Atractus Wagler, 1828 (Colubridae, Xenodontinae) en la Amazonia Colombiana. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Fisicas, Exactas y Naturales, 28, 409 - 446." type="journal article" year="2004">Silva, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; Rev. Acad. Col. Cien. Exat. Fis. Nat. 108:434.
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA5FF9D9BF8FEED956DFE5F" bold="true" box="[922,1084,367,388]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New synonymy</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF62DEF2FFA5FF9D98F5F81D9378F80F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214129/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[160,1419,479,1873]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA5FF9D98F5F81D9378F80F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1951,2004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA5FF9D98F5F81D9042F86E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1951,1974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of body of the specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA5FF9D9BE3F823956CF86D" box="[897,1085,1953,1974]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA5FF9D9BE3F823956CF86D" box="[897,1085,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ICN 10111) from municipality of Mitú, department of Vaupés, Colombia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF62DEF2FFA4FF9C98F5F823924DF80D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214130/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[158,1429,213,1931]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA4FF9C98F5F823924DF80D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1953,2006]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA4FF9C98F5F8239043F86C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1953,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of body of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA4FF9C9B17F8209547F86C" box="[885,1046,1953,1975]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucilae">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA4FF9C9B17F8209547F86C" box="[885,1046,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Atractus lucilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ICN 10105) from La Pedrera, municipality of Puerto Córdoba, department of Amazonas, Colombia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF62DEF2FFA7FF9F98F5FC93920AFC9D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214131/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[169,1414,203,744]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA7FF9F98F5FC93920AFC9D" blockId="6.[151,1436,785,838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA7FF9F98F5FC939044FCFC" bold="true" box="[151,277,785,808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of body of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA7FF9F9BFEFC919500FCF3" box="[924,1105,786,808]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="janethae">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA7FF9F9BFEFC919500FCF3" box="[924,1105,786,808]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Atractus janethae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ICN 10104) from La Chorera, municipality of Puerto Córdoba, department of Amazonas, Colombia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA7FF9F98F5FCF695C1FC08" blockId="6.[151,1437,883,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA7FF9F98F5FCF69047FC57" bold="true" box="[151,278,884,908]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus id="54A630D8FFA7FF9F98F5FCF69040FC57" box="[151,273,884,908]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Adult male, RMNH 114, collected by H. Dieperink in
<collectingCountry id="F30ACEEAFFA7FF9F9B1EFCF19286FC50" box="[892,983,883,907]" name="Guyana" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Guyana</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF38BFFA7FF9F9B83FCF195FFFC50" author="Hoogmoed" box="[993,1198,883,907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Hoogmoed, M. S. (1980) Revision of the genus Atractus in Surinam, with the resurrection of two species (Colubridae, Reptilia). Notes on the herpetofauna of Surinam VII. Zoologische Verhanderlingen, 175, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1980">Hoogmoed (1980)</bibRefCitation>
designated the
<typeStatus id="54A630D8FFA7FF9F9D3EFCF19196FC6B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
and restricted the
<typeStatus id="54A630D8FFA7FF9F99C2FC1A9081FC6B" box="[416,464,920,944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
locality to Paramaribo (
<geoCoordinate id="EE29E8BDFFA7FF9F9A8BFC15921DFC74" box="[745,844,919,943]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="5.8333335">05º50’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE29E8BDFFA7FF9F9B3BFC1592EFFC74" box="[857,958,919,943]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-55.166668">55º10’W</geoCoordinate>
, sea level) in
<collectingCountry id="F30ACEEAFFA7FF9F9C03FC15959CFC74" box="[1121,1229,919,943]" name="Suriname" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Suriname</collectingCountry>
(specimen photograph examined;
<figureCitation id="132692FFFFA7FF9F993BFC3990FAFC08" box="[345,427,955,979]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1959,1982]" captionTargetBox="[189,1415,221,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[180,1416,193,1935]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of body of the lectotype of Rabdosoma torquatum (RMNH 114)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214140/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). It specimen is also the
<typeStatus id="54A630D8FFA7FF9F9AA2FC399273FC08" box="[704,802,955,979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA7FF9F9B25FC399570FC08" box="[839,1057,955,979]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Rabdosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varium">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA7FF9F9B25FC399570FC08" box="[839,1057,955,979]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rabdosoma varium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132692FFFFA7FF9F9C52FC3995D2FC08" box="[1072,1155,955,979]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1909,1932]" captionTargetBox="[154,1429,1449,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,1434,1856]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Original plate of the holotype of Rabdosoma varium (RMNH 114), modified from Jan and Sordelli (1865)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214139/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA7FF9F98ABFC62931AFBB8" blockId="6.[151,1437,883,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA7FF9F98ABFC6290D3FC23" bold="true" box="[201,386,992,1016]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus id="54A630D8FFA7FF9F98ABFC62902CFC23" box="[201,381,992,1016]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
RMNH 115, adult female, same data as
<typeStatus id="54A630D8FFA7FF9F9B14FC5D92B1FC2C" box="[886,992,991,1015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
; RMNH 117a,b,c,d,e, originally from “Gabinet Hendrix” lacking additional data, these specimens were later donated to RMNH (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF38BFFA7FF9F9CABFB8194DEFBC0" author="Hoogmoed" box="[1225,1423,1027,1051]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Hoogmoed, M. S. (1980) Revision of the genus Atractus in Surinam, with the resurrection of two species (Colubridae, Reptilia). Notes on the herpetofauna of Surinam VII. Zoologische Verhanderlingen, 175, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1980">Hoogmoed 1980</bibRefCitation>
); Muséum national d’Histore naturelle (MNHN 0.437), from Santa Cruz de La Sierra (
<geoCoordinate id="EE29E8BDFFA7FF9F9C08FBA59596FBE4" box="[1130,1223,1063,1087]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-17.8">17º48’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE29E8BDFFA7FF9F9CB7FBA5946AFBE4" box="[1237,1339,1063,1087]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-63.166668">63º10’W</geoCoordinate>
; ca.
<quantity id="4CE5239FFFA7FF9F9D10FBA591E1FBB8" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="440.0">440 m</quantity>
), department of Santa Cruz,
<collectingCountry id="F30ACEEAFFA7FF9F9993FBC99316FBB8" box="[497,583,1099,1123]" name="Bolivia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307DDF1FFA7FF9F98ABFBED929EF978" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA7FF9F98ABFBED955AFA10" blockId="6.[151,1437,883,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA7FF9F98ABFBED9012FB53" bold="true" box="[201,323,1135,1160]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA7FF9F992EFBED934EFB5C" box="[332,543,1135,1159]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA7FF9F992EFBED934EFB5C" box="[332,543,1135,1159]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: (1) 17 smooth dorsal scale rows; (2) usually a single postocular; (3) long loreal; (4) temporals 1+2; (5) usually eight supralabials, third and fourth or fourth and fifth contacting orbit; (6) usually eight infralabials, first four contacting chinshields; (7) six to nine maxillary teeth; (8) three or four gular scale rows; (9) three or four preventrals; (10) 151–172 ventrals in females,
<quantity id="4CE5239FFFA7FF9F9AE6FB7D9255FACC" box="[644,772,1279,1303]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937" metricValueMax="4.2164" metricValueMin="3.6576" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="155.0" valueMax="166.0" valueMin="144.0">144–166 in</quantity>
males; (11) 34–47 subcaudals in females,
<quantity id="4CE5239FFFA7FF9F9C85FB7D941AFACC" box="[1255,1355,1279,1303]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1176" metricValueMax="1.3462" metricValueMin="0.889" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="44.0" valueMax="53.0" valueMin="35.0">35–53 in</quantity>
males; (12) dorsum in preservative dull red to reddish brown, uniform coloured or presenting since paravertebral black dots until transversal alternated blotches reaching paraventral region; (13) venter in preservative uniformly cream or presenting disperse dark brown dots along the body; (14) large body size, females reaching
<quantity id="4CE5239FFFA7FF9F9CD7FAE99443FA58" box="[1205,1298,1387,1411]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.83" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="683.0">683 mm</quantity>
SVL, males
<quantity id="4CE5239FFFA7FF9F98F5FA0D91A5FA7C" box="[151,244,1423,1447]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="525.0">525 mm</quantity>
SVL; (15) moderate to long tail length in females (12.4–18.7% SVL), long tail length (15.6–20.9% SVL) in males; (16) hemipenis moderately bilobed, semicapitate and semicalyculate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA7FF9F98ABFA55929EF978" blockId="6.[151,1437,883,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA7FF9F98ABFA55903EFA2B" bold="true" box="[201,367,1495,1520]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Comparisons.</emphasis>
Among all congeners,
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA7FF9F9A14FA559216FA2B" box="[630,839,1495,1520]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA7FF9F9A14FA559216FA2B" box="[630,839,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shared 17 dorsal scale rows at midbody, large maximum body size (&gt;
<quantity id="4CE5239FFFA7FF9F990BFA799097F9C8" box="[361,454,1531,1555]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
in both sexes), long tail (generally&gt; 15% SVL in both sexes) and dorsal ground colour red to reddish brown covered by black bands only with
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA7FF9F9B62F99D9517F9E3" box="[768,1094,1567,1592]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA7FF9F9B62F99D923CF9EC" box="[768,877,1567,1591]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">A. badius</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA7FF9F9B15F99D9517F9E3" box="[887,1094,1567,1592]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">Atractus torquatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA7FF9F9CBAF99D9410F9EC" box="[1240,1345,1567,1591]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA7FF9F9CBAF99D9410F9EC" box="[1240,1345,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. badius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having usually a single postocular, generally infralabial, first four infralabials contacting chinshields, and blotches or bands never forming diads (vs. two postoculars, seven infralabials, first three infralabials contacting chinshields and dorsal bands forming conspicuous diads on anterior portion of body).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307DDF1FFA7FF9598ABF92D9463F93F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA7FF9E98ABF92D9043FE5C" blockId="6.[151,1437,883,2023]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1976]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA7FF9F98ABF92D900BF913" bold="true" box="[201,346,1711,1736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description.</emphasis>
Head twice as long as wide, slightly arched in lateral view, sub-triangular in dorsal view; snout slightly acuminate in lateral view, round in dorsal view; conspicuous canthus rostralis in lateral view; cervical constriction indistinct; rostral about twice as wide as high, subtriangular in frontal view, poorly visible in dorsal; internasal as wide as long; internasal suture sinistral with respect to prefrontal suture; prefrontal longer than wide; supraocular sub-trapezoidal, about twice as long as wide; frontal pentagonal, longer than wide; parietal about twice as long as wide; nasal divided; nostril located between prenasal and postnasal; prenasal twice as high as long; postnasal as high as long; loreal moderately long, contacting second, third and fourth supralabials; pupil subelliptical or rounded; usually a single postocular as high as long; eventually two postocular, similar in size; temporals 1+2; first temporal about 60–70% times longer than high; upper posterior temporals usually non fused; usually eight supralabials, fourth and fifth contacting orbit; first two or three supralabials with similar high and smaller than fourth supralabial; sixth or seventh supralabials higher and seventh or eighth longer than remaining supralabials; symphysial sub-triangular, two or three times as wide as long; first pair of infralabials contacting behind symphysial, perventing symphysial/chinchields contact; usually eight infralabials, first four contacting chinshields; chinshields about three times as long as wide; three or four gular scale rows; three or four preventrals; 17 smooth dorsal scale rows on midbody, lacking apical pits, supra-anal tubercles, and keels; caudal spine moderately long, conical, and acuminate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA6FF9E98ABFE11922BFDCC" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA6FF9E98ABFE1190D5FE77" bold="true" box="[201,388,403,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Maxillary arch.</emphasis>
Arched in dorsal view, with five to seven prediastemal and one to three postdiastemal teeth; prediastemal teeth with similar size, large, moderately spaced, curved, angular in cross section, robust at base, and narrower on the apices; maxillary diastema short; postdiastemal teeth smaller than last prediastemal one; lateral process of maxilla poorly developed, lacking posterior projection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA6FF9E98ABFDA19456FAEB" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA6FF9E98ABFDA1936AFDE7" bold="true" box="[201,571,547,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Colour pattern in preservative.</emphasis>
Dorsum of head pale brown to dark brown, reaching posterior region of parietals; frequently anterior region of snout darker than posterior cephalic scales and body; background of head reddish to dark brown, region around orbit eventually black; supralabials most cream with dorsal edge dark brown; ventral margins of supralabials usually cream; last two supralabials eventually covered with brown pigment; mental region cream with dark brown dots or blotches covering symphysial, first pair of infralabials, and anterior portion of chinshields; mental region of second to fourth pair of infralabials eventually covered by dark brown blotches; preventrals uniformly cream; belly uniformly cream or pale brown, frequently covered by small disperse dark brown dots; belly eventually heavy pigmented by irregular dark brown dots or well defined squared or rhomboid blotches; underside of tail usually cream with irregular dark brown dots; sometimes tail most brown with lighter centre; rarely tail uniform cream; dorsal ground colour of body red to reddish brown, with black collar on neck (one to four scales long); black collar located on second to fourth dorsal rows; eventually the medial portion of collar discontinuous or absent; dorsum of body usually with disperse paravertebral black spots (one or least of one scale long), alternate transversal flecks (one or two scales long) or bands (two or three scales long), covering paravertebral region and sometimes reaching lateral portion of flanks; dorsum with large anterior transversal flecks or bands generally connecting disperse paraventral spots; eventually dorsal flecks or bands decreasing in size posteriorly, becoming disperse spots or small blotches restricted to paravertebral region; transversal flecks or bands eventually keep it size of anterior ones along the body (three or four scales long); banded pattern with 25–50 alternated blotches, connecting the opposite one above vertebral region; bands usually twice as long as interspaces; eventually alternate bands connected above vertebral region constituting a zig-zag pattern, more conspicuous on posterior third of body. Melanism tendency rarely noted in individuals, with dorsum of head black and dorsal ground colour pale brown to brown covered by alternate black bands (
<figureCitation id="132692FFFFA6FF9E9BC5FB769543FAD7" box="[935,1042,1268,1292]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1951,1974]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1953,1976]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,785,808]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox-0="[160,1419,479,1873]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1429,213,1931]" captionTargetBox-2="[169,1414,203,744]" captionTargetBox-3="[204,1367,218,1814]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[155,1433,441,1928]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1932]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,193,765]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[201,1381,193,1869]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of body of the specimen of Atractus torquatus (ICN 10111) from municipality of Mitú, department of Vaupés, Colombia." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of body of the holotype of Atractus lucilae (ICN 10105) from La Pedrera, municipality of Puerto Córdoba, department of Amazonas, Colombia." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of body of the holotype of Atractus janethae (ICN 10104) from La Chorera, municipality of Puerto Córdoba, department of Amazonas, Colombia." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Variation of the blotch condition on the nuchal region to the specimens of the Atractus torquatus from Balbina Hydroelectric Plant, municipality of Presidente Figueredo (FMT 1358) (A), municipality of Manaus (FMT 338) (B) and municipality of São Miguel da Cachoeira (INPA 15760) (C). All specimens come from localities in the state of Amazonas in Brazil and they are part of Guiana Shield populations." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/214129/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/214130/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/214131/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/214132/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132692FFFFA6FF9E9C7CFB76951BFAD7" box="[1054,1098,1268,1292]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1953,1976]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1933,1956]" captionTargetBox-0="[355,1232,206,1892]" captionTargetBox-1="[233,1358,202,1903]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[355,1232,193,1932]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[226,1361,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Lateral view of head (A) and dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of body of the holotype of Atractus davidhardi (ICN 10096) from Muniyamena, municipality of Leticia, department of Amazonas, Colombia." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of preserved specimens of Atractus torquatum from Parque Nacional de Amacayacu, municipality of Leticia, department of Amazonas, Colombia (A – B) and km 38 of the El Dorado – Santa Elena de Uairén road, state of Bolívar, Venezuela, photo by D. Calcaño (C)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/214134/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/214135/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">6–7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132692FFFFA6FF9E9C34FB7695CFFAD7" box="[1110,1182,1268,1292]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 11" captionStart-1="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="14.[151,250,1909,1932]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,250,1959,1982]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1429,1449,1855]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1415,221,1890]" captionTargetId-0="figure@14.[151,1436,1434,1856]" captionTargetId-1="figure@15.[180,1416,193,1935]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 11. Original plate of the holotype of Rabdosoma varium (RMNH 114), modified from Jan and Sordelli (1865)." captionText-1="FIGURE 12. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of body of the lectotype of Rabdosoma torquatum (RMNH 114)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/214139/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/214140/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11–12</figureCitation>
). The melanic individuals occur in low frequency along the species distribution and did not show any geographic structure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA6FF9E98ABFAB99289FA1B" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA6FF9E98ABFAB9903FFA8F" bold="true" box="[201,366,1339,1364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Colour in life.</emphasis>
Dorsum and background of head uniformly red to reddish brown; dorsal ground colour of body dull red to reddish brown with black dots, flecks, or bands; ventral portion of supralabials, mental region, and belly cream to creamish yellow; belly frequently covered by dark brown dots or blotches; underside of tail cream to creamish yellow, with dark brown to black dots; eye brown to red (
<figureCitation id="132692FFFFA6FF9E9BE7FA2A929BFA1B" box="[901,970,1448,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1808,1831]" captionTargetBox="[194,1397,193,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[194,1399,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. General view in life of Atractus torquatus from Reserva Ducke, municipality of Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil, photo by M. Martins (a); Moiobamba, Rio Purus, Arumã district, municipality of Beruri, state of Amazonas, Brazil, photo by M. Senna (b); Balbina Hydroelectric Plant, municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, state of Amazonas, Brazil, photo by M. Martins (c); Parque Nacional do Pico da Neblina, municipality of São Grabriel da Cachoeira, state of Amazonas, Brazil, photo by V. Carvalho (d); Rio Madeira, Abunã district, Porto Velho, state of Rondônia, Brazil, photo by M. Senna (e); Moiobamba, Rio Purus, Arumã district, municipality of Beruri, state of Amazonas, Brazil, photo by M. Senna (g); Río Uey, middle basin of Río Cuyuní, state of Bolívar, Venezuela, photo by C. Barrio-Amorós (g – h)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214133/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA6FF9E98ABFA499012F863" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA6FF9E98ABFA4990B8FA3F" bold="true" box="[201,489,1483,1508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hemipenis morphology.</emphasis>
Inverted organ bifurcates in the level of seventh and extends to ninth subcaudal. Hemipenis slightly to moderate bilobed, semicapitate, and semicalyculate; lobes sub-cylindrical with rounded apices, similar size and oriented centripically; capitular crotch evident but incomplete on asulcate (median portion covered by moderated spines) and sulcate (region adjacent to bifurcation of sulcus spermaticus branches); capitulum define basal region of lobes on both sides of organ; lobes covered by spinulate calyces in it basal portion and papillate calyces at apical region; tip of lobes usually nude and sometimes scattered by papillate calyces; sulcus spermaticus divides on distal portion of hemipenial body below to capitular crotch; intrasulcar region with moderate hooked spines; sulcus spermaticus branches centrifugally oriented running to tip of lobes; margins of sulcus spermaticus stout and bordered by spinules on basal to most of distal portion of lobes; sulcus spermaticus expanded at apices of lobes; hemipenial body subelliptical, narrower than lobular region of organ; hemipenial body covered by spines on both sides of organ; distal region of hemipenial body barely defined by transversal series of largest spines connected at the base; transversal series of spines delimited basal region of hemipenial body; proximal region of hemipenis scattered with small disperse spines; lateral portion of hemipenial body covered with naked pocket (
<figureCitation id="132692FFFFA6FF9E9893F8229064F863" box="[241,309,1952,1976]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,202,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[206,1374,193,1848]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphological variation in the hemipenial morphology along the Atractus torquatus populations. Sulcate (left) and asulcate (right) sides of the organ of FMT 1286 from municipality of Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil (A – B); INPA 14670 from Lago Ayapuá, Rio Purus, municipality of Beruri, state of Amazonas, Brazil (C – D); FMT 1201 from municipality of Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil (e – f); and MPEG 23684 from Serra do Acari, municipality of Oriximiná, state of Pará, Brazil (g – h). Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214137/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF62DEF2FFA9FF9198F5F8E39327F808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214132/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[204,1367,218,1814]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA9FF9198F5F8E39327F808" blockId="8.[151,1436,1889,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA9FF9198F5F8E39045F8AC" bold="true" box="[151,276,1889,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Variation of the blotch condition on the nuchal region to the specimens of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA9FF919C2FF8E0945AF8A3" box="[1101,1291,1890,1912]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA9FF919C2FF8E0945AF8A3" box="[1101,1291,1890,1912]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Balbina Hydroelectric Plant, municipality of Presidente Figueredo (FMT 1358) (A), municipality of Manaus (FMT 338) (B) and municipality of São Miguel da Cachoeira (INPA 15760) (C). All specimens come from localities in the state of Amazonas in Brazil and they are part of Guiana Shield populations.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF62DEF2FFA8FF9098F5F89292C0F805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214133/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[194,1397,193,1783]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFA8FF9098F5F89292C0F805" blockId="9.[151,1437,1808,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA8FF9098F5F8929042F8FD" bold="true" box="[151,275,1808,1831]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
General view in life of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFA8FF909A64F8939393F8FC" box="[518,706,1809,1831]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFA8FF909A64F8939393F8FC" box="[518,706,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Reserva Ducke, municipality of Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil, photo by M. Martins (a); Moiobamba, Rio Purus, Arumã district, municipality of Beruri, state of Amazonas, Brazil, photo by M. Senna (b); Balbina Hydroelectric Plant, municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, state of Amazonas, Brazil, photo by M. Martins (c); Parque Nacional do Pico da Neblina, municipality of São Grabriel da Cachoeira, state of Amazonas, Brazil, photo by V. Carvalho (d); Rio Madeira, Abunã district, Porto Velho, state of Rondônia, Brazil, photo by M. Senna (e); Moiobamba, Rio Purus, Arumã district, municipality of Beruri, state of Amazonas, Brazil, photo by M. Senna (g); Río Uey, middle basin of Río Cuyuní, state of Bolívar, Venezuela, photo by C. Barrio-Amorós (g–h).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF62DEF2FFABFF9398F5F823954BF80D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214134/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[355,1232,206,1892]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFABFF9398F5F823954BF80D" blockId="10.[151,1435,1953,2006]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFABFF9398F5F8239043F86D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1953,1976]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Lateral view of head (A) and dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of body of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFABFF939CFAF8209433F86C" box="[1176,1378,1953,1975]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davidhardi">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFABFF939CFAF8209433F86C" box="[1176,1378,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Atractus davidhardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ICN 10096) from Muniyamena, municipality of Leticia, department of Amazonas, Colombia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF62DEF2FFAAFF9298F5F80F9269F839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214135/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[233,1358,202,1903]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFAAFF9298F5F80F9269F839" blockId="11.[151,1436,1933,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFAAFF9298F5F80F9044F878" bold="true" box="[151,277,1933,1956]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of preserved specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFAAFF929BA5F80D95DEF87F" box="[967,1167,1935,1956]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatum">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFAAFF929BA5F80D95DEF87F" box="[967,1167,1935,1956]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Atractus torquatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Parque Nacional de Amacayacu, municipality of Leticia, department of Amazonas, Colombia (A–B) and km 38 of the El Dorado–Santa Elena de Uairén road, state of Bolívar, Venezuela, photo by D. Calcaño (C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF62DEF2FFADFF9598F5FB2E923AFAE6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214136/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[178,1426,207,1132]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFADFF9598F5FB2E923AFAE6" blockId="12.[151,1436,1196,1341]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF9598F5FB2E9043FB1A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1196,1219]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Pattern of the geographic variation for polymorphic qualitative character along of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFADFF959C1EFB2F9469FB19" box="[1148,1336,1197,1218]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959C1EFB2F9469FB19" box="[1148,1336,1197,1218]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex. The number of supralabials = 1, number of infralabials = 2 and number of maxillary teeth = 3. The colour represents the frequency for each state of characters: blue correspond to six; green correspond to seven and red correspond to eight. The frequencies of the character states are from our own sample plus from the Dixon &amp; Soini (1986). The total sample comprises 81 individuals and the traits were counted in both sides for each specimen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFADFF9598ABFAE69463F93F" blockId="12.[151,1437,1380,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF9598ABFAE693DCFAA6" bold="true" box="[201,653,1380,1405]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Meristic and morphometric variation.</emphasis>
Large male SVL
<quantity id="4CE5239FFFADFF959B31FAE692E0FAA7" box="[851,945,1380,1404]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="525.0">525 mm</quantity>
, CL
<quantity id="4CE5239FFFADFF959B85FAE69569FAA7" box="[999,1080,1380,1404]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="94.0">94 mm</quantity>
; large female SVL
<quantity id="4CE5239FFFADFF959D6DFAE6943CFAA7" box="[1295,1389,1380,1404]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.83" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="683.0">683 mm</quantity>
, CL
<quantity id="4CE5239FFFADFF9598F5FA0A91B8FA7B" box="[151,233,1416,1440]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="96.0">96 mm</quantity>
; midbody diameter 1.4–4.8% (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959A22FA0B931DFA7B" box="[576,588,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x¯</emphasis>
= 2.5; SD = 0.6;
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959B68FA0B9249FA7B" box="[778,792,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 31) SVL in males, 1.9–4.6% (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959CE0FA0B95DFFA7B" box="[1154,1166,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x¯</emphasis>
= 2.7; SD = 0.5;
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959D29FA0B9408FA7B" box="[1355,1369,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 29) SVL in females; tail 15.6–20.9% (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959A74FA2F9372FA1F" box="[534,547,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x¯</emphasis>
= 18.2; SD = 1.2;
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959A8DFA2F93ACFA1F" box="[751,765,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 32) SVL in males, 12.4–18.7% (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959CE7FA2F95C3FA1F" box="[1157,1170,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x¯</emphasis>
= 15; SD = 1.2;
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959D28FA2F9409FA1F" box="[1354,1368,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 33) SVL in females; 144–166 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF9599A4FA539082FA33" box="[454,467,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x¯</emphasis>
= 154.7; SD = 4.7;
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959ACDFA5393ECFA33" box="[687,701,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 35) ventrals in males, 151–172 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959C26FA539500FA33" box="[1092,1105,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x¯</emphasis>
= 161.4; SD = 5.5;
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959D4FFA53946AFA33" box="[1325,1339,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 36) in females; 35–53 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959930FA77900EF9D7" box="[338,351,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x¯</emphasis>
= 45.9; SD = 4.1;
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959A4BFA779366F9D7" box="[553,567,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 33) subcaudals in males, 34–47 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959BA1FA779281F9D7" box="[963,976,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x¯</emphasis>
= 40.2; SD = 3.5;
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959CF8FA7795F9F9D7" box="[1178,1192,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 34) in females; 3–4 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF9598C2F99B91FDF9EB" box="[160,172,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x¯</emphasis>
= 3.7; SD = 0.5;
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF95990AF99B9027F9EB" box="[360,374,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 74) preventrals; 3–4 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959AEBF99B93C4F9EB" box="[649,661,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x¯</emphasis>
= 3.7; SD = 0.4;
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959B3AF99B9237F9EB" box="[856,870,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 72) gular scale rows; 7 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959CE6F99B95C0F9EB" box="[1156,1169,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 22 sides) or 8 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959D29F99B9409F9EB" box="[1355,1368,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 124 sides) supralabials; 7 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF95991EF9BF90D8F98F" box="[380,393,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 18 sides) or 8 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959A5CF9BF931AF98F" box="[574,587,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 128 sides) infralabials; 3 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959B0CF9BF922DF98F" box="[878,892,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 18 sides) or 4 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959C26F9BF9503F98F" box="[1092,1106,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 130 sides) first infralabials contacting chinshields; 1 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF9599DEF9E3909BF9A3" box="[444,458,1633,1656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 135 sides) or 2 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959AF7F9E393F2F9A3" box="[661,675,1633,1656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 11 sides) postoculars; 15/17/15 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959C79F9E39578F9A3" box="[1051,1065,1633,1656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 1), 15/17/17 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959CBAF9E395B7F9A3" box="[1240,1254,1633,1656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
=1) 16/17/16 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959DECF9E394CDF9A3" box="[1422,1436,1633,1656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 1) or 17/17/17 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959903F907903EF947" box="[353,367,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 25) dorsal scale rows; 7–10 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959AACF907938BF947" box="[718,730,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x¯</emphasis>
= 8.5; SD = 0.6;
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959BFEF90792FBF947" box="[924,938,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 50 sides) dorsal scale rows in the level of second subcaudal;
<quantity id="4CE5239FFFADFF959909F92A90ACF91B" box="[363,509,1704,1728]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.12" metricValueMax="1.86" metricValueMin="0.38" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="11.2" valueMax="18.6" valueMin="3.8">3.8–18.6 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959A6FF92B934BF91B" box="[525,538,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x¯</emphasis>
= 9.5; SD = 3.8;
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959ABBF92B93B6F91B" box="[729,743,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 63) midbody diameter; 6 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959C42F92B957FF91B" box="[1056,1070,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 3 sides), 7 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959CB2F92B958FF91B" box="[1232,1246,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 23 sides), 8 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959DECF92B94CDF91B" box="[1422,1436,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 100 sides) or 9 (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959906F94F9023F93F" box="[356,370,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 11 sides) maxillary teeth; anal gland extends from third to fourth subcaudal (
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959C8AF94F95A7F93F" box="[1256,1270,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 4).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307DDF1FFADFF9598ABF9729066F83B" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFADFF9598ABF9729066F83B" blockId="12.[151,1437,1380,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF9598ABF9729033F8D2" bold="true" box="[201,354,1776,1801]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
The distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFADFF959A23F9729240F8D3" box="[577,785,1776,1800]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959A23F9729240F8D3" box="[577,785,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known to include the
<collectingCountry id="F30ACEEAFFADFF959C40F9729522F8D3" box="[1058,1139,1776,1800]" name="Guyana" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Guiana</collectingCountry>
Shield and Amazon Basin (without known records in the eastern portion of the Amazonia), occurring from Paramaribo (
<geoCoordinate id="EE29E8BDFFADFF959CD0F8969454F8F7" box="[1202,1285,1812,1836]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="5.8333335">5º50’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE29E8BDFFADFF959D73F8969426F8F7" box="[1297,1399,1812,1836]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-55.166668">55º10’W</geoCoordinate>
) in
<collectingCountry id="F30ACEEAFFADFF9598F5F8BA9053F88B" box="[151,258,1848,1872]" name="Suriname" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Suriname</collectingCountry>
southwestern to Iquitos (
<geoCoordinate id="EE29E8BDFFADFF959A49F8BA93F7F88B" box="[555,678,1848,1872]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-3.7480555">3º44’53’’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE29E8BDFFADFF959AD7F8BA9216F88B" box="[693,839,1848,1872]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-73.247215">73º14’50’’W</geoCoordinate>
) in
<collectingCountry id="F30ACEEAFFADFF959B18F8BB92E0F88B" box="[890,945,1849,1872]" name="Peru" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Peru</collectingCountry>
. We place in doubt the record of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFADFF959D5FF8BA9050F8AF" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF959D5FF8BA9050F8AF" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Santa Cruz de La Sierra in
<collectingCountry id="F30ACEEAFFADFF959AF1F8DE93B9F8AF" box="[659,744,1884,1908]" name="Bolivia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, since there is no additional report of the species based on voucher specimen below department of Loreto in north of the Peruvian Amazonia (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF38BFFADFF959C55F80295A6F843" author="Hoogmoed" box="[1079,1271,1920,1944]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Hoogmoed, M. S. (1980) Revision of the genus Atractus in Surinam, with the resurrection of two species (Colubridae, Reptilia). Notes on the herpetofauna of Surinam VII. Zoologische Verhanderlingen, 175, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1980">Hoogmoed 1980</bibRefCitation>
; Passos 2008).
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFADFF9598F5F8269036F867" box="[151,359,1956,1980]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFADFF9598F5F8269036F867" box="[151,359,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits lowlands portions of Neotropical Savanah and Amazon Rainforest from
<quantity id="4CE5239FFFADFF959D66F8269436F867" box="[1284,1383,1956,1980]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="0.0">0–500 m</quantity>
altitude (
<figureCitation id="132692FFFFADFF9598B4F84A907BF83B" box="[214,298,1992,2016]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1211,1234]" captionTargetBox="[156,1425,207,1146]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1190]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Geographical distribution of the Atractus torquatus. Black triangle corresponds to doubtful and circles to literature records. Literature records were taken from Dixon &amp; Soini (1977, 1986), Hoogmoed (1980) and Abuys (1984)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214141/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF62DEF2FFACFF9498F5F8D190E3F83F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214137/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[216,1368,202,1840]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFACFF9498F5F8D190E3F83F" blockId="13.[151,1436,1875,2020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFACFF9498F5F8D19044F8B3" bold="true" box="[151,277,1875,1898]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Morphological variation in the hemipenial morphology along the
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFACFF949BA8F8D695D9F8B2" box="[970,1160,1876,1897]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFACFF949BA8F8D695D9F8B2" box="[970,1160,1876,1897]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations. Sulcate (left) and asulcate (right) sides of the organ of FMT 1286 from municipality of Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil (A–B); INPA 14670 from Lago Ayapuá, Rio Purus, municipality of Beruri, state of Amazonas, Brazil (C–D); FMT 1201 from municipality of Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil (e–f); and MPEG 23684 from Serra do Acari, municipality of Oriximiná, state of Pará, Brazil (g–h). Scale = 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF62DEF2FFAFFF9798F5FA9F9389FA89" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214138/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[156,1398,243,1243]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFAFFF9798F5FA9F9389FA89" blockId="14.[151,1436,1309,1363]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFAFFF9798F5FA9F904EFAE8" bold="true" box="[151,287,1309,1332]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Bivariate plots with 95% confidence regions for the first two axes derived from scores of PCA analyses for male (A–B) and female (C–D) of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFAFFF9799D4FABF9323FA89" box="[438,626,1341,1362]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFAFFF9799D4FABF9323FA89" box="[438,626,1341,1362]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF62DEF2FFAFFF9798F5F8F7940EF850" box="[151,1375,1909,1932]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214139/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[154,1429,1449,1855]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFAFFF9798F5F8F7940EF850" blockId="14.[151,1375,1909,1932]" box="[151,1375,1909,1932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFAFFF9798F5F8F7904FF850" bold="true" box="[151,286,1909,1932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Original plate of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFAFFF979A13F8F49266F857" box="[625,823,1910,1932]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Rabdosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varium">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFAFFF979A13F8F49266F857" box="[625,823,1910,1932]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rabdosoma varium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(RMNH 114), modified from Jan and Sordelli (1865).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF62DEF2FFAEFF9698F5F8259458F865" box="[151,1289,1959,1982]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214140/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[189,1415,221,1890]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFAEFF9698F5F8259458F865" blockId="15.[151,1289,1959,1982]" box="[151,1289,1959,1982]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFAEFF9698F5F825904EF866" bold="true" box="[151,287,1959,1982]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of body of the lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFAEFF969BEFF82A9522F865" box="[909,1139,1960,1982]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Rabdosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatum">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFAEFF969BEFF82A9522F865" box="[909,1139,1960,1982]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rabdosoma torquatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(RMNH 114).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF62DEF2FFB1FF8998F5FB39947DFB2A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214141/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[156,1425,207,1146]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFB1FF8998F5FB39947DFB2A" blockId="16.[151,1437,1211,1265]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFB1FF8998F5FB399071FB0A" bold="true" box="[151,288,1211,1234]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
Geographical distribution of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFB1FF899A17FB3E9263FB09" box="[629,818,1212,1234]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFB1FF899A17FB3E9263FB09" box="[629,818,1212,1234]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Black triangle corresponds to doubtful and circles to literature records. Literature records were taken from Dixon &amp; Soini (1977, 1986), Hoogmoed (1980) and Abuys (1984).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C307DDF1FFB1FF8998ABFA9F958BF94E" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFB1FF8998ABFA9F903FFA1E" blockId="16.[151,1437,1309,1477]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFB1FF8998ABFA9F906CFAEE" bold="true" box="[201,317,1309,1333]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</emphasis>
The diagnoses provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF38BFFB1FF899AEEFA9F924CFAEE" author="Silva" box="[652,797,1309,1333]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Silva, J. J. H. (2004) Las serpientes del genero Atractus Wagler, 1828 (Colubridae, Xenodontinae) en la Amazonia Colombiana. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Fisicas, Exactas y Naturales, 28, 409 - 446." type="journal article" year="2004">Silva (2004)</bibRefCitation>
, possibly with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFB1FF899CFAFA9F942BFAEE" box="[1176,1402,1309,1333]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davidhardi">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFB1FF899CFAFA9F942BFAEE" box="[1176,1402,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Atractus davidhardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which he also included some hemipenial features, were inadequate to distinguish these forms from any other congener. Moreover, many of the characters used by the author were in error (see
<tableCitation id="C69FBBC1FFB1FF899C66FAE79518FAA6" box="[1028,1097,1381,1405]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="16.[151,235,1522,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1705,1975]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison between meristic and morphometric data of the holotypes of Atractus davidhardi (ICN 10096), A. janethae (ICN 10104) and A. lucilae (ICN 10105) reported by Silva (2004) (without parenthesis) and taken in our study (in parenthesis). We use “ — ” when our count or measure is the same from Silva (2004). Our morphometric variation is given in millimetre." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF62DEF2FFB1FF8998F5FA709059F9BF" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="DF62DEF2FFB1FF8998F5FA709059F9BF">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
). Therefore, all putative diagnostic features of the Amazon basin taxa proposed by Silva falls within know morphological variation of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFB1FF8998F5FA2F9036FA1E" box="[151,359,1453,1477]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFB1FF8998F5FA2F9036FA1E" box="[151,359,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF62DEF2FFB1FF8998F5FA709059F9BF" ID-Table-UUID="DF62DEF2FFB1FF8998F5FA709059F9BF" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF62DEF2FFB1FF8998F5FA709059F9BF" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[151,1436,1705,1975]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFB1FF8998F5FA709059F9BF" blockId="16.[151,1436,1522,1685]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFB1FF8998F5FA709059F9D3" bold="true" box="[151,264,1522,1544]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Comparison between meristic and morphometric data of the holotypes of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFB1FF899C78FA7195B9F9D3" box="[1050,1256,1522,1544]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davidhardi">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFB1FF899C78FA7195B9F9D3" box="[1050,1256,1522,1544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Atractus davidhardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ICN 10096),
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFB1FF899DE4FA7191BFF9FC" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="janethae">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFB1FF899DE4FA7191BFF9FC" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. janethae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ICN 10104) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF5F9FFB1FF8999CDF9909343F9FC" box="[431,530,1553,1575]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucilae">
<emphasis id="B9695268FFB1FF8999CDF9909343F9FC" box="[431,530,1553,1575]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. lucilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ICN 10105) reported by Silva (2004) (without parenthesis) and taken in our study (in parenthesis). We use “—” when our count or measure is the same from Silva (2004). Our morphometric variation is given in millimetre.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA28E7AFFB1FF8998FDF9FD958BF94E" blockId="16.[151,1436,1522,1685]" box="[159,1242,1663,1685]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Characters ICN 10096 ICN 10104 ICN 10105</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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