392 lines
49 KiB
XML
392 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="F8E2B08BD619BB504A00DEF80D8FB0BA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3937.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="586e56ce-8f79-4e54-a8ac-28373f53456b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="233755" ID-ZooBank="7D95EE9B-27C5-4FC8-8C29-78211EE28E07" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461018191997" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yoshida, Takahiro & Hirowatari, Toshiya" docDate="2015" docId="9D372C78452DFFB6FF72D1ACD7E1FEF5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03937p102.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3937 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle 1892" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="98" masterDocId="610E54004529FFBEFFE5D40FD677FFE8" masterDocTitle="Larval and pupal morphology of three species of the genus Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera: Silvanidae: Brontinae) in Japan with reference to the number of larval instars" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="90" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1698569395511" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="AEF8915F8C02D5FB4144FA6C315957FC">Larval and pupal morphology of three species of the genus Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera: Silvanidae: Brontinae) in Japan with reference to the number of larval instars</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="79AD9535A357E14EA5A24681D687E2F3">Yoshida, Takahiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="84ACA6A9CA4E260D85E46E1C8CB3B291">Hirowatari, Toshiya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B304C6720B6AB3BBB1B5B630632B5AA6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0A0FD096BB10AD448EA25DC43FC450B6">
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<mods:date id="51279A347BAFE9B48CB40B83BCA3CE0A">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DBA651AE37B1B4C5D86EE894720D6E7B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="67E33B389BFB2FF4117285861295350C">3937</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F236C4FCB4DC1BB571654275402CF84D" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="EB5304FA029CF426175C611C8615796B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E445DB150139299BD60C64782504395C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3937.1.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9D372C78452DFFB6FF72D1ACD7E1FEF5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664386" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119601900" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5664386" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9D372C78452DFFB6FF72D1ACD7E1FEF5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D372C78452DFFB6FF72D1ACD7E1FEF5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">
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<subSubSection id="5D84CEE5452DFFB6FF72D1ACD51CFF58" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="4" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="15219D6E452DFFBAFF72D1ACD42DFA56" blockId="4.[151,687,1443,1539]" box="[151,602,1443,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">
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<heading id="4E692A02452DFFBAFF72D1ACD42DFA56" bold="true" box="[151,602,1443,1470]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="94" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452DFFBAFF72D1ACD42DFA56" authority="Grouvelle, 1892" authorityName="Grouvelle" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,602,1443,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
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||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452DFFBAFF72D1ACD42DFA56" bold="true" box="[151,602,1443,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis id="27EA417C452DFFBAFF72D1ACD7F9FA55" bold="true" box="[151,398,1443,1469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">Psammoecus simoni</emphasis>
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Grouvelle, 1892
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="15219D6E452DFFBAFF72D1C7D72BF9EB" blockId="4.[151,687,1443,1539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">
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[Japanese name: Hababiro-semaru-hiratamushi] (
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<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452DFFBAFF7AD1E5D695F9EB" box="[159,226,1514,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1295,1317]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,590,1271]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,590,1271]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photographic images of immature stages of Psammoecus spp. A and B, Psammoecus scitus Yoshida & Hirowatari; C and D, P. simoni Grouvelle. A and D, Last instar larva; B, pupa; C, first instar larva. Scale: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233756/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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C, D, 4–7)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="15219D6E452DFFBAFF72D23DD2A9F917" blockId="4.[151,1437,1586,1864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis id="27EA417C452DFFBAFF72D23DD737F9A3" bold="true" box="[151,320,1586,1611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">Identification.</emphasis>
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The examined larvae were obtained by rearing adults of
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<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452DFFBAFC37D23CD24CF9A2" box="[978,1083,1587,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
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<emphasis id="27EA417C452DFFBAFC37D23CD597F9A2" box="[978,992,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="27EA417C452DFFBAFC15D23CD24CF9A2" box="[1008,1083,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">simoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Identifications of these larvae were confirmed by comparing 658 bp fragments of mitochondrial DNA gene sequences (COI) among the larvae and adults of this species and other
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<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452DFFBAFDD2D274D4BEF97A" box="[567,713,1659,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="27EA417C452DFFBAFDD2D274D4BEF97A" box="[567,713,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">Psammoecus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species in order to exclude the possibility of contamination of eggs of other taxa from dead leaves provided as substrate. Genetic differences among species were 15.17–17.25%, and the larvae were grouped with
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<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452DFFBAFDF9D2CCD4F2F932" box="[540,645,1731,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
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<emphasis id="27EA417C452DFFBAFDF9D2CCD45DF932" box="[540,554,1731,1754]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="27EA417C452DFFBAFDDFD2CCD4F2F932" box="[570,645,1731,1754]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">simoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which confirmed the identification (
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<tableCitation id="581CA8D5452DFFBAFBC9D2CDD2F6F933" box="[1068,1153,1730,1755]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1399,279,621]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Pairwise genetic distances (K 2 P distance) among five Psammoecus species. Standard errors are shown above the diagonal and were obtained by a bootstrap procedure (1000 replicates)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/41E1CDE6452CFFBBFF72D497D5C3FF3A" pageId="4" pageNumber="94" tableUuid="41E1CDE6452CFFBBFF72D497D5C3FF3A">Table 1</tableCitation>
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). Recently, other studies performed identification of larvae by such a molecular-based method (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="710FE09F452DFFBAFC38D2E9D2A5F917" author="Hayashi" box="[989,1234,1766,1791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="94" refString="Hayashi, M. & Sota, T. (2010) Identification of elmid larvae (Coleoptera: Elmidae) from Sanin District of Honshu, Japan, based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Entomological Science, 13, 417 - 424. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1479 - 8298.2010.00404. x." type="journal article" year="2010">Hayashi & Sota 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="15219D6E452DFFBAFF22D305D505F8CB" blockId="4.[151,1437,1586,1864]" box="[199,882,1802,1827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis id="27EA417C452DFFBAFF22D305D7F5F8CB" bold="true" box="[199,386,1802,1827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">1st instar larva.</emphasis>
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Head capsule width:
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<quantity id="D266308B452DFFBAFD90D305D56FF8CA" box="[629,792,1802,1827]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="0.24" valueMax="0.26" valueMin="0.22">0.22–0.26 mm</quantity>
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(n=92).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="15219D6E452DFFBAFF22D321D34EF8AF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1586,1864]" box="[199,1337,1838,1864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">
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Body (
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<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452DFFBAFEF7D321D721F8AF" box="[274,342,1838,1863]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1295,1317]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,590,1271]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,590,1271]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photographic images of immature stages of Psammoecus spp. A and B, Psammoecus scitus Yoshida & Hirowatari; C and D, P. simoni Grouvelle. A and D, Last instar larva; B, pupa; C, first instar larva. Scale: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233756/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="94">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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C, 4A). Translucent, apices and molae of mandibles and region containing gut darkened.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="41E1CDE6452CFFBBFF72D497D5C3FF3A" ID-Table-UUID="41E1CDE6452CFFBBFF72D497D5C3FF3A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/41E1CDE6452CFFBBFF72D497D5C3FF3A" pageId="5" pageNumber="95" targetBox="[159,1399,279,621]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="15219D6E452CFFBBFF72D497D5C3FF3A" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFF72D497D77DFF47" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
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||
Pairwise genetic distances (K2P distance) among five
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<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452CFFBBFCB6D497D5A9FF47" box="[851,990,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFCB6D497D5A9FF47" box="[851,990,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">Psammoecus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species. Standard errors are shown above the diagonal and were obtained by a bootstrap procedure (1000 replicates).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="15219D6E452CFFBBFDEFD4E1D4CCF861" blockId="5.[522,712,238,260]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,1653,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
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Standard error (%) Thorax and abdomen (
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<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452CFFBBFE3AD27AD45BF966" box="[479,556,1653,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1556,1578]" captionTargetBox="[365,1231,704,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[356,1238,698,1542]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitus of larval stages of Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle. A, First instar; B, second instar. Scales: 1.0 mm; a for A; b for B." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233759/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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A). Shape easily deformed according to posture. Prothorax subquadrate, maximum width around anterior margin; meso- and metathorax rounded; 1st to 7th abdominal segments transversely oblong, 7th segment widest posteriorly, 8th trapezoidal, maximum width near posterior margin, 9th absent, 10th elongate. Pubescence composed of some medium length and short setae, a pair of long fine lateral setae on 3rd to 8th segments, positioned in each maximum width of segment. Legs elongate; trochanter quadrate, with a several short setae near anterior margin; femur with several medium length to long setae and some short sparse setae; tibiotarsus moderately thin, a few medium length and many short setae densely; claw more than 0.5 times as long as tibiotarsus, with two short setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="15219D6E452CFFBBFDEFD517D781FD85" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
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<table id="679E6FCE452C0041FF7AD518D300FD85" box="[159,1399,279,621]" gridcols="6" gridrows="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
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||
<tr id="ABAE9F2C452C0041FF7AD518D300FEA4" box="[159,1399,279,332]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
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<th id="E87FF650452C0041FF7AD518D410FEA4" box="[159,615,279,332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
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||
<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452CFFBBFDEFD517D410FEC5" box="[522,615,280,301]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
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||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFDEFD517D460FEC5" box="[522,535,280,301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFDC6D517D410FEC5" box="[547,615,280,301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">simoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="E87FF650452C0041FD70D518D557FEA4" box="[661,800,279,332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
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||
<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452CFFBBFD70D517D49EFEC5" box="[661,745,280,301]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFD70D517D4D5FEC5" box="[661,674,280,301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFD4AD517D49EFEC5" box="[687,745,280,301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">scitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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(Okinawa Is.)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="E87FF650452C0041FCA5D518D5B6FEA4" box="[832,961,279,332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452CFFBBFCA5D517D5B6FEA4" authority="Ishigaki Is." authorityName="Ishigaki Is." class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFCA5D517D53AFEC5" box="[832,845,280,301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFCBFD517D5E3FEC5" box="[858,916,280,301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">scitus</emphasis>
|
||
(Ishigaki Is.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="E87FF650452C0041FC0ED518D229FEA4" box="[1003,1118,279,332]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452CFFBBFC0ED517D229FEC5" box="[1003,1118,279,301]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFC0ED517D580FEC5" box="[1003,1015,280,301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFBE1D518D229FEC5" box="[1028,1118,279,301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="E87FF650452C0041FB9CD518D37FFEA4" box="[1145,1288,279,332]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452CFFBBFB9CD517D37FFEC5" box="[1145,1288,279,301]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFB9CD517D2F1FEC5" box="[1145,1158,280,301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFB77D518D37FFEC5" box="[1170,1288,279,301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">bipunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="0ACD008D452CFFBBFB9AD539D29CFEA4" box="[1151,1259,310,332]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KJ967300" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">KJ967300</accessionNumber>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="E87FF650452C0041FADFD518D300FEA4" box="[1338,1399,279,332]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">Larva</th>
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</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ABAE9F2C452C0041FF7AD550D300FE9D" box="[159,1399,351,373]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="E87FF650452C0041FF7AD550D410FE9D" box="[159,615,351,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452CFFBBFF7AD56FD68BFE9D" box="[159,252,352,373]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFF7AD56FD6DBFE9D" box="[159,172,352,373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFF5DD56FD68BFE9D" box="[184,252,352,373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">simoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FD70D550D557FE9D" box="[661,800,351,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">1.84</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FCA5D550D5B6FE9D" box="[832,961,351,373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">1.84</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FC0ED550D229FE9D" box="[1003,1118,351,373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">1.72</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FB9CD550D37FFE9D" box="[1145,1288,351,373]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">1.63</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FADFD550D300FE9D" box="[1338,1399,351,373]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">0.29</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ABAE9F2C452C0041FF7AD587D300FE77" box="[159,1399,392,415]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="E87FF650452C0041FF7AD587D410FE77" box="[159,615,392,415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452CFFBBFF7AD585D685FE76" box="[159,242,393,415]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFF7AD585D6DBFE77" box="[159,172,394,415]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFF5DD586D685FE76" box="[184,242,393,414]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">scitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Okinawa Is.) 16.46
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FD70D587D557FE77" box="[661,800,392,415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">-</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FCA5D587D5B6FE77" box="[832,961,392,415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">0.20</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FC0ED587D229FE77" box="[1003,1118,392,415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">1.74</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FB9CD587D37FFE77" box="[1145,1288,392,415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">1.73</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FADFD587D300FE77" box="[1338,1399,392,415]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">1.88</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ABAE9F2C452C0041FF7AD5BDD300FE20" box="[159,1399,434,456]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="E87FF650452C0041FF7AD5BDD410FE20" box="[159,615,434,456]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452CFFBBFF7AD5BCD70EFE20" authority="Ishigaki Is." authorityName="Ishigaki Is." box="[159,377,434,456]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFF7AD5BCD6DBFE20" box="[159,172,435,456]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFF5DD5BCD685FE20" box="[184,242,435,456]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">scitus</emphasis>
|
||
(Ishigaki Is.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
16.66
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FD70D5BDD557FE20" box="[661,800,434,456]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">0.31</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FCA5D5BDD5B6FE20" box="[832,961,434,456]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">-</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FC0ED5BDD229FE20" box="[1003,1118,434,456]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">1.72</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FB9CD5BDD37FFE20" box="[1145,1288,434,456]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">1.71</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FADFD5BDD300FE20" box="[1338,1399,434,456]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">1.88</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ABAE9F2C452C0041FF7AD5D4D300FE19" box="[159,1399,475,497]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="E87FF650452C0041FF7AD5D4D410FE19" box="[159,615,475,497]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452CFFBBFF7AD5D3D765FE19" box="[159,274,475,497]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFF7AD5D3D6DBFE19" box="[159,172,476,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFF5DD5D4D765FE19" box="[184,274,475,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
15.19
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FD70D5D4D557FE19" box="[661,800,475,497]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">17.06</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FCA5D5D4D5B6FE19" box="[832,961,475,497]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">16.86</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FC0ED5D4D229FE19" box="[1003,1118,475,497]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">-</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FB9CD5D4D37FFE19" box="[1145,1288,475,497]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">1.59</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FADFD5D4D300FE19" box="[1338,1399,475,497]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">1.77</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ABAE9F2C452C0041FF7AD60BD300FDF3" box="[159,1399,516,539]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="E87FF650452C0041FF7AD60BD410FDF3" box="[159,615,516,539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452CFFBBFF7AD609D759FDF2" box="[159,302,516,539]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFF7AD609D6DBFDF3" box="[159,172,518,539]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFF5DD60BD759FDF2" box="[184,302,516,538]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">bipunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="0ACD008D452CFFBBFEDED60BD7D0FDF2" box="[315,423,516,538]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KJ967300" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">KJ967300</accessionNumber>
|
||
) 15.37
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FD70D60BD557FDF3" box="[661,800,516,539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">16.13</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FCA5D60BD5B6FDF3" box="[832,961,516,539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">15.74</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FC0ED60BD229FDF3" box="[1003,1118,516,539]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">15.17</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FB9CD60BD37FFDF3" box="[1145,1288,516,539]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">-</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FADFD60BD300FDF3" box="[1338,1399,516,539]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">1.63</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ABAE9F2C452C0041FF7AD621D300FDAC" box="[159,1399,558,580]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="E87FF650452C0041FF7AD621D410FDAC" box="[159,615,558,580]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">Larva 0.61</th>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FD70D621D557FDAC" box="[661,800,558,580]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">17.05</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FCA5D621D5B6FDAC" box="[832,961,558,580]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">17.25</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FC0ED621D229FDAC" box="[1003,1118,558,580]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">15.77</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FB9CD621D37FFDAC" box="[1145,1288,558,580]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">15.37</td>
|
||
<td id="E87FF650452C0041FADFD621D300FDAC" box="[1338,1399,558,580]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ABAE9F2C452C0041FF7AD658D300FD85" box="[159,1399,599,621]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="95" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="E87FF650452C0041FF7AD658D410FD85" box="[159,615,599,621]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">Nucleotide sequence distance (%)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="41E1CDE6452CFFBBFF72D21BD772F9A0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233759/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="95" targetBox="[365,1231,704,1535]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452CFFBBFF72D21BD772F9A0" blockId="5.[151,1435,1556,1608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFF72D21BD764F9C1" bold="true" box="[151,275,1556,1578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of larval stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452CFFBBFDCBD21AD5B3F9C2" authority="Grouvelle. A, First" authorityName="Grouvelle. A, First" box="[558,964,1556,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452CFFBBFDCBD21AD48AF9C2" box="[558,765,1557,1578]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="95">Psammoecus simoni</emphasis>
|
||
Grouvelle. A, First
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
instar; B, second instar. Scales: 1.0 mm; a for A; b for B.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452FFFB8FF22D498D51CFF58" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,680]" box="[199,875,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452FFFB8FF22D498D7B1FF58" bold="true" box="[199,454,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Slide preparations of two specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452FFFB8FF22D4B3D50AFF3D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,680]" box="[199,893,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452FFFB8FF22D4B3D7FAFF3D" bold="true" box="[199,397,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">2nd instar larva.</emphasis>
|
||
Head capsule width:
|
||
<quantity id="D266308B452FFFB8FD65D4B3D554FF3C" box="[640,803,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="0.305" valueMax="0.32" valueMin="0.29">0.29–0.32 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=36).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452FFFB8FF22D4D0D257FEF5" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452FFFB8FF22D4D0D7B7FF10" bold="true" box="[199,448,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">General morphology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452FFFB8FE2AD4D0D463FF10" box="[463,532,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1556,1578]" captionTargetBox="[365,1231,704,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[356,1238,698,1542]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitus of larval stages of Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle. A, First instar; B, second instar. Scales: 1.0 mm; a for A; b for B." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233759/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Very similar to 1st instar larvae. Length of a pair of long fine lateral setae of abdominal segments relative to body length shorter than that on 1st instar larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452FFFB8FF22D528D223FD40" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
|
||
Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452FFFB8FEF7D528D72BFEA8" box="[274,348,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1556,1578]" captionTargetBox="[365,1231,704,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[356,1238,698,1542]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitus of larval stages of Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle. A, First instar; B, second instar. Scales: 1.0 mm; a for A; b for B." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233759/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 5A–F). Transversely oblong. Frontal arms U-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452FFFB8FC3BD528D255FEA8" box="[990,1058,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[165,1420,742,1545]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[160,1427,733,1556]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle, 2 nd instar. A, Head, dorsal view; B, right antenna, dorsal view; C, right mandible, ventral view; D, left mandible, ventral view; E, right maxilla, dorsal view; F, labium, ventral view; G, left foreleg, dorsal view; H, 8 th and 10 th abdominal segments, dorsal view. Scales: 0.1 mm; a for A, G and H; b for B; c for C – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233760/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Antennae relatively stout and rounded; 1st antennomere stout and short; 2nd antennomere more than twice longer than 1st, maximum width at anterior 1/3, anterior portion narrowed gradually, sensorium around apex of inner margin moderately long and thick; 3rd antennomere comparatively thick, less than twice longer than 1st, with relatively short seta on apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452FFFB8FA8AD59BD6D1FE38" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[165,1420,742,1545]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[160,1427,733,1556]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle, 2 nd instar. A, Head, dorsal view; B, right antenna, dorsal view; C, right mandible, ventral view; D, left mandible, ventral view; E, right maxilla, dorsal view; F, labium, ventral view; G, left foreleg, dorsal view; H, 8 th and 10 th abdominal segments, dorsal view. Scales: 0.1 mm; a for A, G and H; b for B; c for C – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233760/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Mandibles triangular, with three teeth on the apex of right mandible, with four closely spaced teeth on the apex of left mandible; a triangular prostheca on inner margin of anterior 1/4, maximum width in apical half; molae with many small strong cuticular spines, base of inner margin of left mandible protruded roundly with several fine cuticular spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452FFFB8FEB3D62BD7EFFDD5" box="[342,408,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[165,1420,742,1545]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[160,1427,733,1556]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle, 2 nd instar. A, Head, dorsal view; B, right antenna, dorsal view; C, right mandible, ventral view; D, left mandible, ventral view; E, right maxilla, dorsal view; F, labium, ventral view; G, left foreleg, dorsal view; H, 8 th and 10 th abdominal segments, dorsal view. Scales: 0.1 mm; a for A, G and H; b for B; c for C – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233760/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D). Maxilla longitudinally oblong, dorsally with many but relatively sparse, small spines near base of stipes, with four long teeth near apex ventrally, inner margin of mala with relatively long setae in a longitudinal row; maxillary palpus with three palpomeres, 1st palpomere short, 2nd less than twice longer than 1st, 3rd about three times longer than 2nd with a few very small spines on apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452FFFB8FC15D680D245FD40" box="[1008,1074,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[165,1420,742,1545]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[160,1427,733,1556]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle, 2 nd instar. A, Head, dorsal view; B, right antenna, dorsal view; C, right mandible, ventral view; D, left mandible, ventral view; E, right maxilla, dorsal view; F, labium, ventral view; G, left foreleg, dorsal view; H, 8 th and 10 th abdominal segments, dorsal view. Scales: 0.1 mm; a for A, G and H; b for B; c for C – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233760/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="41E1CDE6452FFFB8FF72D226D2C5F994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233760/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" targetBox="[165,1420,742,1545]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452FFFB8FF72D226D2C5F994" blockId="6.[151,1436,1577,1660]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452FFFB8FF72D226D765F9D6" bold="true" box="[151,274,1577,1599]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452FFFB8FEFCD225D422F9D7" authority="Grouvelle" authorityName="Grouvelle" box="[281,597,1577,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452FFFB8FEFCD225D790F9D7" box="[281,487,1578,1599]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Psammoecus simoni</emphasis>
|
||
Grouvelle
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2nd instar. A, Head, dorsal view; B, right antenna, dorsal view; C, right mandible, ventral view; D, left mandible, ventral view; E, right maxilla, dorsal view; F, labium, ventral view; G, left foreleg, dorsal view; H, 8th and 10th abdominal segments, dorsal view. Scales: 0.1 mm; a for A, G and H; b for B; c for C–F.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452FFFB8FF22D2ABD51CF955" blockId="6.[151,1436,1700,1977]" box="[199,875,1700,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452FFFB8FF22D2ABD7B1F955" bold="true" box="[199,454,1700,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Slide preparations of two specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452FFFB8FF22D2C7D50DF908" blockId="6.[151,1436,1700,1977]" box="[199,890,1736,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452FFFB8FF22D2C7D7FDF909" bold="true" box="[199,394,1736,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">3rd instar larva.</emphasis>
|
||
Head capsule width:
|
||
<quantity id="D266308B452FFFB8FD98D2C7D557F908" box="[637,800,1736,1761]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.5999999999999996" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="0.39" valueMax="0.42" valueMin="0.36">0.36–0.42 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=42).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452FFFB8FF22D2E3D4B7F8C1" blockId="6.[151,1436,1700,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452FFFB8FF22D2E3D7B7F8ED" bold="true" box="[199,448,1772,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">General morphology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452FFFB8FE34D2E3D462F8ED" box="[465,533,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1007,1029]" captionTargetBox="[301,1277,199,985]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[292,1288,193,988]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitus of larval stages of Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle. A, Third instar; B, fourth instar; C, fifth instar. Scales: 1.0 mm; a for A; b for B and C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233761/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Length of a pair of long fine lateral setae of abdominal segments relative to body length shorter than that of 2nd instar larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452FFFB8FF22D33BD51CF8A5" blockId="6.[151,1436,1700,1977]" box="[199,875,1844,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452FFFB8FF22D33BD7B1F8A5" bold="true" box="[199,454,1844,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Slide preparations of two specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452FFFB8FF22D357D500F898" blockId="6.[151,1436,1700,1977]" box="[199,887,1880,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452FFFB8FF22D357D7F0F899" bold="true" box="[199,391,1880,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">4th instar larva.</emphasis>
|
||
Head capsule width:
|
||
<quantity id="D266308B452FFFB8FD9FD357D56BF898" box="[634,796,1880,1905]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="0.485" valueMax="0.52" valueMin="0.45">0.45–0.52 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=28).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452FFFB8FF22D373D694F851" blockId="6.[151,1436,1700,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452FFFB8FF22D373D7B4F87D" bold="true" box="[199,451,1916,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">General morphology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452FFFB8FE30D373D46CF87D" box="[469,539,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1007,1029]" captionTargetBox="[301,1277,199,985]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[292,1288,193,988]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitus of larval stages of Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle. A, Third instar; B, fourth instar; C, fifth instar. Scales: 1.0 mm; a for A; b for B and C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233761/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Thorax and abdomen comparatively more sclerotized than previous instar larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="41E1CDE6452EFFB9FF72D7E0D7A0FBCC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="97" targetBox="[301,1277,199,985]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452EFFB9FF72D7E0D7A0FBCC" blockId="7.[151,1437,1007,1060]" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452EFFB9FF72D7E0D764FBEC" bold="true" box="[151,275,1007,1029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of larval stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED452EFFB9FDC9D7FED5BDFBED" authority="Grouvelle. A, Third" authorityName="Grouvelle. A, Third" box="[556,970,1007,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452EFFB9FDC9D7FED48CFBEE" box="[556,763,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">Psammoecus simoni</emphasis>
|
||
Grouvelle. A, Third
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
instar; B, fourth instar; C, fifth instar. Scales: 1.0 mm; a for A; b for B and C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452EFFB9FF22D07BD51CFB65" blockId="7.[151,1437,1140,1957]" box="[199,875,1140,1165]" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452EFFB9FF22D07BD7B1FB65" bold="true" box="[199,454,1140,1165]" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Slide preparations of two specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452EFFB9FF22D096D5F2FB59" blockId="7.[151,1437,1140,1957]" box="[199,901,1177,1202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452EFFB9FF22D096D7E2FB5A" bold="true" box="[199,405,1177,1202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">Last instar larva.</emphasis>
|
||
Head capsule width:
|
||
<quantity id="D266308B452EFFB9FD62D096D55CFB59" box="[647,811,1177,1202]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.949999999999999" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="0.595" valueMax="0.63" valueMin="0.56">0.56–0.63 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=12).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452EFFB9FF22D0B2D5D3FB3E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1140,1957]" box="[199,932,1213,1238]" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C452EFFB9FF22D0B2D7C8FB3E" bold="true" box="[199,447,1213,1238]" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">General morphology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452EFFB9FE2BD0B2D465FB3E" box="[462,530,1213,1238]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1007,1029]" captionTargetBox="[301,1277,199,985]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[292,1288,193,988]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitus of larval stages of Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle. A, Third instar; B, fourth instar; C, fifth instar. Scales: 1.0 mm; a for A; b for B and C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Very similar to 4th instar larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452EFFB9FF22D0EED702F989" blockId="7.[151,1437,1140,1957]" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452EFFB9FEFDD0EED712FB12" box="[280,357,1249,1274]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1007,1029]" captionTargetBox="[301,1277,199,985]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[292,1288,193,988]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitus of larval stages of Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle. A, Third instar; B, fourth instar; C, fifth instar. Scales: 1.0 mm; a for A; b for B and C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 7A–F). Transversely oblong. Frontal arms U-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452EFFB9FBF7D0EED22BFB11" box="[1042,1116,1249,1274]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1111,1133]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,349,1079]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[157,1429,339,1089]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle, last instar. A, Head, dorsal view; B, right antenna, dorsal view; C, right mandible, ventral view; D, left mandible, ventral view; E, right maxilla, dorsal view; F, labium, ventral view; G, left foreleg, dorsal view; H, 8 th and 10 th abdominal segments, dorsal view. Scales: 0.1 mm; a for A, G and H; b for B; c for C – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233762/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Antennae elongate; 1st antennomere stout; 2nd antennomere more than twice longer than 1st, maximum width at anterior 1/3, sensorium around apex of inner margin short; 3rd antennomere less than twice longer than 1st, a long seta on apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452EFFB9FAD3D126D30DFAA9" box="[1334,1402,1321,1346]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1111,1133]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,349,1079]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[157,1429,339,1089]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle, last instar. A, Head, dorsal view; B, right antenna, dorsal view; C, right mandible, ventral view; D, left mandible, ventral view; E, right maxilla, dorsal view; F, labium, ventral view; G, left foreleg, dorsal view; H, 8 th and 10 th abdominal segments, dorsal view. Scales: 0.1 mm; a for A, G and H; b for B; c for C – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233762/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Mandibles triangular, with three closely spaced teeth on the apex of right mandible, with four closely spaced teeth on the apex of left mandible; a triangular prostheca on inner margin of anterior 1/4, maximum width around basal 1/4; molae with many small strong cuticular spines, base of inner margin of left mandible comparatively widely protruded with several fine cuticular spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452EFFB9FD68D1B6D4A7FA39" box="[653,720,1465,1490]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1111,1133]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,349,1079]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[157,1429,339,1089]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle, last instar. A, Head, dorsal view; B, right antenna, dorsal view; C, right mandible, ventral view; D, left mandible, ventral view; E, right maxilla, dorsal view; F, labium, ventral view; G, left foreleg, dorsal view; H, 8 th and 10 th abdominal segments, dorsal view. Scales: 0.1 mm; a for A, G and H; b for B; c for C – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233762/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D). Maxilla longitudinally oblong, stipes dorsally with many dense small spines on middle, with four long teeth near apex ventrally, inner margin of mala with relatively long setae in a longitudinal row; maxillary palpus with three palpomeres, 1st palpomere short, 2nd about twice longer than 1st, 3rd more than twice longer than 2nd with several very small spines on apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452EFFB9FB94D22AD2C1F9D5" box="[1137,1206,1573,1598]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1111,1133]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,349,1079]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[157,1429,339,1089]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle, last instar. A, Head, dorsal view; B, right antenna, dorsal view; C, right mandible, ventral view; D, left mandible, ventral view; E, right maxilla, dorsal view; F, labium, ventral view; G, left foreleg, dorsal view; H, 8 th and 10 th abdominal segments, dorsal view. Scales: 0.1 mm; a for A, G and H; b for B; c for C – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233762/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Six stemmata on each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452EFFB9FEEBD246D726F989" box="[270,337,1609,1634]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1111,1133]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,349,1079]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[157,1429,339,1089]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle, last instar. A, Head, dorsal view; B, right antenna, dorsal view; C, right mandible, ventral view; D, left mandible, ventral view; E, right maxilla, dorsal view; F, labium, ventral view; G, left foreleg, dorsal view; H, 8 th and 10 th abdominal segments, dorsal view. Scales: 0.1 mm; a for A, G and H; b for B; c for C – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233762/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E452EFFB9FF22D262D6A1F84D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1140,1957]" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Thorax and abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DA581EB452EFFB9FE34D262D46BF96E" box="[465,540,1645,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1007,1029]" captionTargetBox="[301,1277,199,985]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[292,1288,193,988]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitus of larval stages of Psammoecus simoni Grouvelle. A, Third instar; B, fourth instar; C, fifth instar. Scales: 1.0 mm; a for A; b for B and C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 7G). Shape easily deformed according to posture. Prothorax subquadrate, maximum width around anterior margin; meso- and metathorax subquadrate, maximum width around half; 1st to 7th abdominal segments transversely oblong, 7th segment widest posteriorly, posterior angles pointed, 9th absent, 10th elongate. A pair of long fine lateral setae and some medium length and short setae on thorax and 3rd to 8th segments, a pair of long setae positioned in each maximum width of segment, no long setae on 1st and 2nd segments, some short setae around posterior margins of 10th. Legs elongate; trochanter quadrate, with a few short to medium length setae; femur with a few long seta and some short to medium length sparse setae; tibiotarsus thin, some short to medium length setae sparsely; claw a little more than 0.5 times as long as tibiotarsus, with two short setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E4521FFB6FF22D498D51CFF58" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,285]" box="[199,875,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C4521FFB6FF22D498D7B1FF58" bold="true" box="[199,454,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="98">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Slide preparations of two specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5D84CEE54521FFB6FF22D4B3D7E1FEF5" pageId="8" pageNumber="98" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="15219D6E4521FFB6FF22D4B3D7E1FEF5" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C4521FFB6FF22D4B3D750FF3D" bold="true" box="[199,295,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="98">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
It was inferred through DNA methods that the adults had laid their eggs on dead leaves during rearing. Thus all developmental stages (eggs, larvae, pupae and adults) of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D29EE6ED4521FFB6FC1AD4EED2E6FF10" box="[1023,1169,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27EA417C4521FFB6FC1AD4EED2E6FF10" box="[1023,1169,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="98">Psammoecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species seem to inhabit the same environment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |