902 lines
108 KiB
XML
902 lines
108 KiB
XML
<document id="4B6C9EB9B336AB6696660BC8DC047F21" ID-CLB-Dataset="282056" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5383.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6802cca5-bf76-4573-bbbe-1d8653b43ea2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10361493" ID-ZooBank="DBB3F162-A319-4BB1-BD4D-185430AEA075" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1702374434930" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Narayanan, S. Prasanth, Paliwal, R., Ahmed, Shakoor, Thomas, A. P. & Julka, J. M." docDate="2023" docId="655F8796056B6165FF6C83DB4112FA5E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5383.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5383 (3)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5383.3.5/52458" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Moniligaster gravelyi Stephenson 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="371" masterDocId="9966FFEE056A6163FFFB8579446EFFF4" masterDocTitle="Redescription of the earthworm Moniligaster gravelyi Stephenson, 1915 (Clitellata Moniligastridae) based on recent collections from Kerala state, India" masterLastPageNumber="374" masterPageNumber="365" pageNumber="366" updateTime="1702652227815" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="24ABFDAFC1A7AE8634B4AFDF47A6CFF4">Redescription of the earthworm Moniligaster gravelyi Stephenson, 1915 (Clitellata Moniligastridae) based on recent collections from Kerala state, India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="347978D97A4730B1A79155EE4A4572A6">Narayanan, S. Prasanth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7801D8A5FF3C89DDC042DA1E9CB4E27B">Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam- 686560, Kerala, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E379B11E36CD22C8E8087C59CBE7F437">Paliwal, R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8C8A645CDADAE857BC3C6D822CF83A24">House No 77 / 62, Mansarovar, Jaipur- 302020, Rajasthan, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="889F9EABAD26D7C33D8DFE172C434C42">Ahmed, Shakoor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6DB9E663B4AAB915123478699A54553C">Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E75000FE96D2578734BFDD3DB71E107D">Thomas, A. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2DC365E250EBC71219965E76B6B2D2EB" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8815-2759</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="19A044A7534E618F6EC449E76C537304">Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam- 686560, Kerala, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BFDE750AFE852D84B4A141A7B941E8EA" type="email">drapthomas@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F8F5190EBB94B3392CFD8D13F4AA96AB">Julka, J. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B260FFA827FE3BC944E3E84ABCAC987B">Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam- 686560, Kerala, India. & School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan- 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India. & Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam- 686560, Kerala, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="0472E979984A7E173572BF25548A82A3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F515220C340A48AFCDF5FC934AFFA1D7">
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<mods:date id="C8D4F45C5F7393ABF497E9B093558CC5">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BA9742D7DA28AE096EC68630F37247A7">3</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="BCD87A531FEB161521C56C6162B431BC">https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5383.3.5/52458</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="87C0E05902338DA782CE660756F204E7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5383.3.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F571E4CAB21096021976031E5370F572" type="GBIF-Dataset">6802cca5-bf76-4573-bbbe-1d8653b43ea2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="655F8796056B6165FF6C83DB4112FA5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10391600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10391600" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:655F8796056B6165FF6C83DB4112FA5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/655F8796056B6165FF6C83DB4112FA5E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">
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<subSubSection id="A5EC650B056B6162FF6C83DB4614F948" box="[151,634,1698,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="ED493680056B6162FF6C83DB4614F948" blockId="1.[151,634,1698,1725]" box="[151,634,1698,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">
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<heading id="B60181EC056B6162FF6C83DB4614F948" bold="true" box="[151,634,1698,1725]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056B6162FF6C83DB4614F948" authority="Stephenson, 1915" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,634,1698,1725]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
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<emphasis id="DF82EA92056B6162FF6C83DB4614F948" bold="true" box="[151,634,1698,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">
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<emphasis id="DF82EA92056B6162FF6C83DB45F7F949" bold="true" box="[151,409,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Moniligaster gravelyi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="89674B71056B6162FE5A83DB4614F948" author="Stephenson, J." box="[417,634,1698,1724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" pagination="35 - 108" refId="ref5992" refString="Stephenson, J. (1915) On some Indian Oligochaeta, mainly from Southern India and Ceylon. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 6, 35 - 108." type="journal article" year="1915">Stephenson, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A5EC650B056B6162FF6C839E41E3F8C9" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="ED493680056B6162FF6C839E469EF90B" blockId="1.[151,1421,1767,1853]" box="[151,752,1767,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDE611AE056B6162FF6C839E469EF90B" box="[151,752,1767,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">
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<treatmentCitation id="6C571091056B6162FF6C839E4682F90B" author="Stephenson, J." box="[151,748,1767,1791]" page="59" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" year="1915">
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<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056B6162FF6C839E4682F90B" authority="Stephenson, 1915: 59" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,748,1767,1791]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" phylum="Annelida" rank="variety" species="deshayesi" variety="gravelyi">
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||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056B6162FF6C839E45ECF90B" box="[151,386,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Moniligaster deshayesi</emphasis>
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||
var.
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<emphasis id="DF82EA92056B6162FE4E839E4666F90B" box="[437,520,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">gravelyi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B71056B6162FDF5839E4682F90B" author="Stephenson, J." box="[526,748,1767,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" pagination="35 - 108" refId="ref5992" refString="Stephenson, J. (1915) On some Indian Oligochaeta, mainly from Southern India and Ceylon. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 6, 35 - 108." type="journal article" year="1915">Stephenson, 1915: 59</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="ED493680056B6162FF6C827F4716F8EA" blockId="1.[151,1421,1767,1853]" box="[151,888,1798,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDE611AE056B6162FF6C827F4716F8EA" box="[151,888,1798,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">
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||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056B6162FF6C827F46E9F8EA" authority="Stephenson" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,647,1798,1822]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" phylum="Annelida" rank="variety" species="deshayesi" variety="gravelyi">
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||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056B6162FF6C827F45ECF8EA" box="[151,386,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Moniligaster deshayesi</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="DF82EA92056B6162FE4E827F4666F8EA" box="[437,520,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">gravelyi</emphasis>
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Stephenson
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="6C571091056B6162FD6B827F471BF8EA" author="Stephenson, J." box="[656,885,1798,1822]" page="123" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" year="1923">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B71056B6162FD6B827F471BF8EA" author="Stephenson, J." box="[656,885,1798,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" refId="ref6023" refString="Stephenson, J. (1923) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma - Oligochaeta. Taylor and Francis, London, 518 pp." type="book" year="1923">Stephenson 1923: 123</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="ED493680056B6162FF6C825D41E3F8C9" blockId="1.[151,1421,1767,1853]" box="[151,1421,1828,1853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDE611AE056B6162FF6C825D46CCF8C8" box="[151,674,1828,1853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">
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<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056B6162FF6C825D459DF8C8" authority="Stephenson" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,499,1828,1852]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
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||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056B6162FF6C825D451DF8C8" box="[151,371,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Moniligaster gravelyi</emphasis>
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||
Stephenson
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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||
<treatmentCitation id="6C571091056B6162FE07825C46CCF8C8" author="Gates, G. E." box="[508,674,1828,1853]" page="504" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" year="1940">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B71056B6162FE07825C46CCF8C8" author="Gates, G. E." box="[508,674,1828,1853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" pagination="487 - 518" refId="ref5101" refString="Gates, G. E. (1940) Indian earthworms. XIII. The genus Moniligaster. Records of the Indian Museum, 42 (3), 487 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi % 2 Fv 42 % 2 Fi 3 % 2 F 1940 % 2 F 162432" type="journal article" year="1940">Gates 1940: 504</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
(part, excluding Kavalai specimen =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056B6162FBE4825C41ECF8C9" authority="Narayanan & Julka, 2021" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" box="[1055,1410,1828,1853]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bahli">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056B6162FBE4825C401BF8C8" box="[1055,1141,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">M. bahli</emphasis>
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||
Narayanan & Julka, 2021
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5EC650B056B6161FF6C82124515FDC9" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED493680056B6162FF6C8212406CF871" blockId="1.[151,1436,1898,2033]" box="[151,1026,1898,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="5D9E3CDD056B6162FF6C82124790F871" box="[151,1022,1898,1925]" country="India" latitude="10.5276" location="Kerala state" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="76.2144" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056B6162FF6C82124558F870" bold="true" box="[151,310,1898,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<typeStatus id="324D8822056B6162FF6C821244BCF871" box="[151,210,1899,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
Trichur (Thrissur) (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="88C25047056B6162FDEE821346FAF871" box="[533,660,1898,1925]" degrees="10.5276" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" precision="5" value="10.5276">10.5276°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="88C25047056B6162FD6482124775F871" box="[671,795,1899,1925]" degrees="76.2144" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" precision="5" value="76.2144">76.2144°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2F32F862056B6162FCD5821247DBF871" box="[814,949,1899,1925]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Kerala state</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95E17610056B6162FC3A82124790F871" box="[961,1022,1899,1925]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED493680056B6162FF3C82F64736F85D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1898,2033]" box="[199,856,1934,1961]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056B6162FF3C82F6451BF85C" bold="true" box="[199,373,1934,1961]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="324D8822056B6162FE8782F6458AF85D" box="[380,484,1935,1961]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
ZSI ZEV6913/7,
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056B6162FD5582F6473FF85D" box="[686,849,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Typus perditus</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED493680056B6161FF3C82CB4515FDC9" blockId="1.[151,1436,1898,2033]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,150,1977]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056B6162FF3C82CB45C0F838" bold="true" box="[199,430,1970,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Altogether
|
||
<specimenCount id="FBF0FD09056B6162FDD582CA46ADF839" box="[558,707,1971,1997]" count="40" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" type="generic">40 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(11 clitellates, 29 aclitellates). 11 clitellates (2 lightly demarcated), 4 aclitellates (ACESSD/EW/565), evergreen forest patch within deciduous forest, Karineelipacha in Peechi-Vazhani
|
||
<materialsCitation id="5D9E3CDD05686161FF6C85EE4663FF21" collectingDate="2013-10-12" collectingDateMax="2015-09-10" collectingDateMin="2013-10-12" collectorName="S. Sathrumithra & J. Joseph" country="India" county="Thrissur District" latitude="10.470833" location="Thrissur District" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="76.48256" municipality="Nellippara in Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
Wildlife Sanctuary (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="88C2504705686161FE8085EE4667FF45" box="[379,521,151,177]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" precision="1" seconds="1.1" value="10.650305">10°39'1.1"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="88C2504705686161FDEE85EE46C1FF45" box="[533,687,151,177]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" precision="1" seconds="48.4" value="76.313446">76°18'48.4"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="E829605B05686161FD3885EE4711FF45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:655F8796056B6165FF6C83DB4112FA5E:E829605B05686161FD3885EE4711FF45" box="[707,895,151,177]" country="India" county="Thrissur District" latitude="10.470833" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="76.48256" municipality="Nellippara in Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary" name="Thrissur District" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" stateProvince="Kerala">Thrissur District</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2F32F86205686161FC7185EE4079FF45" box="[906,1047,151,177]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95E1761005686161FBD885EE4031FF45" box="[1059,1119,151,177]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="9948104005686161FB9085EE4127FF45" box="[1131,1353,150,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" value="2015-09-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="890CE9A805686161FB9085EE4127FF45" box="[1131,1353,150,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" value="2015-09-10">
|
||
10 September
|
||
<quantity id="2A0E9B6505686161FAF585EF4127FF45" box="[1294,1353,150,177]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.015237" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="m" value="2015237.0">2015</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 237 m a.s.l.,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FF2785C245FCFF21" box="[220,402,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">S. Sathrumithra</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FE5A85C24663FF21" box="[417,525,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">J. Joseph</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="5D9E3CDD05686161FDF685C247D5FEE9" collectingDate="2013-10-12" collectingDateMax="2015-09-10" collectingDateMin="2013-10-12" collectorName="S. Sathrumithra & D. Kuriakose & S. P. Narayanan" country="India" county="Thrissur District" latitude="10.470833" location="Thrissur District" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="76.48256" municipality="Nellippara in Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
; 8 aclitellates (ACESSD/EW/566), deciduous forest,
|
||
<location id="E829605B05686161FB8D85C245BCFF0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:655F8796056B6165FF6C83DB4112FA5E:E829605B05686161FB8D85C245BCFF0D" country="India" county="Thrissur District" latitude="10.470833" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="76.48256" municipality="Nellippara in Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary" name="Methanampara in Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" stateProvince="Kerala">Methanampara in Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="88C2504705686161FE1F85A6461DFF0D" box="[484,627,223,249]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" precision="1" seconds="0.9" value="10.50025">10°30'0.9"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="88C2504705686161FD7A85A64768FF0D" box="[641,774,223,249]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" precision="15" seconds="16" value="76.50445">76°30'16"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="E829605B05686161FCE785A647B5FF0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:655F8796056B6165FF6C83DB4112FA5E:E829605B05686161FCE785A647B5FF0D" box="[796,987,223,249]" country="India" county="Thrissur District" latitude="10.470833" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="76.48256" municipality="Nellippara in Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary" name="Thrissur District" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" stateProvince="Kerala">Thrissur District</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2F32F86205686161FC1285A64017FF0D" box="[1001,1145,223,249]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95E1761005686161FB7385A640AAFF0D" box="[1160,1220,223,249]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="9948104005686161FB2985A641F6FF0D" box="[1234,1432,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" value="2013-10-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="890CE9A805686161FB2985A641F6FF0D" box="[1234,1432,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" value="2013-10-12">
|
||
12 October
|
||
<quantity id="2A0E9B6505686161FAA685A641F6FF0D" box="[1373,1432,223,249]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.013399" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="m" value="2013399.0">2013</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 399 m a.s.l.,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FED7847A45ABFEE9" box="[300,453,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">D. Kuriakose</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FE29847A46EFFEE9" box="[466,641,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">S.P. Narayanan</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FD76847A472CFEE9" box="[653,834,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">S. Sathrumithra</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FCB5847A47D5FEE9" box="[846,955,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">S.A. Sasi</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="5D9E3CDD05686161FC40847A458BFE7D" collectingDate="2013-10-12" collectingDateMax="2015-09-10" collectingDateMin="2013-10-12" collectorName="S. Sathrumithra & D. Kuriakose & S. P. Narayanan & S. A. Sasi & M. A. Shukkur" country="India" county="Thrissur District" latitude="10.470833" location="Thrissur District" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="76.48256" municipality="Nellippara in Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
; 11 aclitellates (ACESSD/EW/567), moist deciduous forest,
|
||
<location id="E829605B05686161FE9D845E47A0FEB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:655F8796056B6165FF6C83DB4112FA5E:E829605B05686161FE9D845E47A0FEB5" box="[358,974,295,321]" country="India" county="Thrissur District" latitude="10.470833" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="76.48256" municipality="Nellippara in Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary" name="Karineelipacha in Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" stateProvince="Kerala">Karineelipacha in Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="88C2504705686161FC19845E4013FEB5" box="[994,1149,295,321]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" precision="1" seconds="14.1" value="10.653916">10°39'14.1"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="88C2504705686161FB75845E4149FEB5" box="[1166,1319,295,321]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" precision="1" seconds="48.4" value="76.313446">76°18'48.4"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="E829605B05686161FAC4845E4480FE91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:655F8796056B6165FF6C83DB4112FA5E:E829605B05686161FAC4845E4480FE91" country="India" county="Thrissur District" latitude="10.470833" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="76.48256" municipality="Nellippara in Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary" name="Thrissur District" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" stateProvince="Kerala">Thrissur District</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2F32F86205686161FF04843245FFFE91" box="[255,401,331,357]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95E1761005686161FE59843245B0FE91" box="[418,478,331,357]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="9948104005686161FE0B843246D4FE91" box="[496,698,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" value="2013-10-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="890CE9A805686161FE0B843246D4FE91" box="[496,698,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" value="2013-10-13">
|
||
13 October
|
||
<quantity id="2A0E9B6505686161FD84843246D4FE91" box="[639,698,331,357]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.013237" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="m" value="2013237.0">2013</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 237 m a.s.l.,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FC968432404EFE91" box="[877,1056,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">S.P. Narayanan</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FBCA843240A1FE91" box="[1073,1231,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">D. Kuriakose</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FB1B843241F6FE91" box="[1248,1432,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">S. Sathrumithra</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FF6C84164555FE7D" box="[151,315,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">M.A. Shukkur</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FE8C8416458BFE7D" box="[375,485,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">S.A. Sasi</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="5D9E3CDD05686161FE1E841647C0FE25" collectingDate="2013-10-12" collectingDateMax="2015-09-10" collectingDateMin="2013-10-12" collectorName="S. Sathrumithra & S. P. Narayanan" country="India" county="Thrissur District" latitude="10.470833" location="Thrissur District" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="76.48256" municipality="Nellippara in Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
; 5 aclitellates (ACESSD/EW/568), evergreen forest patch within deciduous forest,
|
||
<location id="E829605B05686161FF6C84EA4680FE59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:655F8796056B6165FF6C83DB4112FA5E:E829605B05686161FF6C84EA4680FE59" box="[151,750,403,429]" country="India" county="Thrissur District" latitude="10.470833" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="76.48256" municipality="Nellippara in Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary" name="Karineelipacha in Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" stateProvince="Kerala">Karineelipacha in Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="88C2504705686161FD0584EA47E5FE59" box="[766,907,403,429]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" precision="1" seconds="1.1" value="10.650305">10°39'1.1"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="88C2504705686161FC6C84EA405FFE59" box="[919,1073,403,429]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" precision="1" seconds="48.4" value="76.313446">76°18'48.4"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="E829605B05686161FBBF84EA416EFE59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:655F8796056B6165FF6C83DB4112FA5E:E829605B05686161FBBF84EA416EFE59" box="[1092,1280,403,429]" country="India" county="Thrissur District" latitude="10.470833" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="76.48256" municipality="Nellippara in Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary" name="Thrissur District" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" stateProvince="Kerala">Thrissur District</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2F32F86205686161FAF084EA41F6FE59" box="[1291,1432,403,429]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95E1761005686161FF6C84CE44BDFE25" box="[151,211,439,465]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="9948104005686161FF1B84CE45CFFE25" box="[224,417,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" value="2014-10-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="890CE9A805686161FF1B84CE45CFFE25" box="[224,417,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" value="2014-10-30">
|
||
30 October
|
||
<quantity id="2A0E9B6505686161FE9D84CE45CFFE25" box="[358,417,439,465]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.014237" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="m" value="2014237.0">2014</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 237 m a.s.l.,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FDBB84CE4680FE25" box="[576,750,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">S.P. Narayanan</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FD0184CE47C0FE25" box="[762,942,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">S. Sathrumithra</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="5D9E3CDD05686161FC5584CE4519FDC9" collectingDate="2013-10-12" collectingDateMax="2015-09-10" collectingDateMin="2013-10-12" collectorName="S. Sathrumithra & D. Kuriakose & S. P. Narayanan & S. A. Sasi & M. A. Shukkur" country="India" county="Thrissur District" latitude="10.470833" location="Thrissur District" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="76.48256" municipality="Nellippara in Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
; 1 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/570), decaying wood from moist deciduous forest,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="0D2DACFA05686161FDE184A24799FE01" box="[538,1015,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Nellippara in Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="88C2504705686161FBFF84A340E5FE01" box="[1028,1163,474,501]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" precision="15" seconds="15" value="10.470833">10°28'15"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="88C2504705686161FB6E84A34140FE01" box="[1173,1326,474,501]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" precision="1" seconds="57.2" value="76.48256">76°28'57.2"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCounty id="04284E0C05686161FAC484A24480FDED" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Thrissur District</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2F32F86205686161FF00848645E4FDED" box="[251,394,511,537]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95E1761005686161FE6C848645BDFDED" box="[407,467,511,537]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="9948104005686161FE1B848646CDFDED" box="[480,675,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" value="2013-10-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="890CE9A805686161FE1B848646CDFDED" box="[480,675,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" value="2013-10-13">
|
||
13 October
|
||
<quantity id="2A0E9B6505686161FD93848646CDFDED" box="[616,675,511,537]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.013237" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="m" value="2013237.0">2013</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 237 m a.s.l.,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FCBE8486479AFDED" box="[837,1012,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">S.P. Narayanan</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FBF9848640F2FDED" box="[1026,1180,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">D. Kuriakose</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FB5284864133FDED" box="[1193,1373,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">S. Sathrumithra</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FA91848644A6FDC9" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">S.A. Sasi</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="4003535605686161FF2F875A4519FDC9" box="[212,375,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">M.A. Shukkur</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5EC650B05686161FF3C873F45F9FC51" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED49368005686161FF3C873F45F9FC51" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FF3C873F452CFD94" bold="true" box="[199,322,582,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Colour: dorsum bluish grey, ventrum pale. Length
|
||
<quantity id="2A0E9B6505686161FC7B873E4078FD95" box="[896,1046,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" metricValueMax="1.7399999999999998" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="152.0" valueMax="174.0" valueMin="130.0">130–174 mm</quantity>
|
||
, diameter
|
||
<quantity id="2A0E9B6505686161FB70873F4084FD95" box="[1163,1258,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, segments 139– 189. Male pores paired, in transverse slits, between
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FD2787124698FD71" box="[732,758,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">bc</emphasis>
|
||
setal lines, nearer to
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FC1E8712479DFD71" box="[997,1011,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">b</emphasis>
|
||
setal line. Spermathecal pores paired, in transverse invaginations, between
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FDBB87F64634FD5D" box="[576,602,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">bc</emphasis>
|
||
setal lines, median to setae
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FC5887F647C1FD5C" box="[931,943,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">c</emphasis>
|
||
. Genital markings absent. Gizzards
|
||
<quantity id="2A0E9B6505686161FAA887F741F2FD5D" box="[1363,1436,654,681]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="in" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 in</quantity>
|
||
segments 12–18. Vas deferens a mass of hairpin loops, mass is equal in size or smaller than testis sac, entering prostate directly without penetrating longitudinal musculature, a little below the ental end in glandular portion. Prostates glandular, flattened, strap-shaped, twisted ectally, widened gradually, surface with shallow depressions and nodulations; prostatic capsule tubular, smooth, highly nodulated surface, margins incised; prostatic duct, short, slightly slender entally, bulbous ectally. Spermathecal atria paired in segment 7, with a single gland of moderate size at each side, long flattened ovoid or with a slight bend at the centre, with bifid duct, about one seventh the length of common atrial duct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5EC650B05686160FF3C86D741FDFE00" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED49368005686161FF3C86D74700FAA1" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FF3C86D74753FC3C" bold="true" box="[199,829,942,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Redescription based on recently collected specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FCBF86D647CAFC3D" box="[836,932,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">External</emphasis>
|
||
: Colour—dorsum bluish gray, ventrum pale, lateral area marked off by intermediate colour. Body circular in cross section, laterally thickened. Dimensions:
|
||
<quantity id="2A0E9B6505686161FA9F86AA449BFBE5" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" metricValueMax="1.7399999999999998" metricValueMin="1.44" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="159.0" valueMax="174.0" valueMin="144.0">144– 174 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="2A0E9B6505686161FEBD868F45CCFBE5" box="[326,418,1014,1041]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
at segment 9, segments 179–189. Setae lumbricine, minute, visible from segment 3, closely paired; setal formula
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FE7F816245CEFBC0" box="[388,416,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">aa</emphasis>
|
||
= 9.5–12.67
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FDC981624620FBC1" box="[562,590,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">ab</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.79–0.90
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FD1A81624695FBC1" box="[737,763,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">bc</emphasis>
|
||
= 12.67–19
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FC7C816247CFFBC1" box="[903,929,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">cd</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.26–0.33
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FBCF8162403EFBC1" box="[1076,1104,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">dd</emphasis>
|
||
at segment 8 and
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FAEC8162415DFBC0" box="[1303,1331,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">aa</emphasis>
|
||
= 13.33– 16.67
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FF2481464495FBAD" box="[223,251,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">ab</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.67–1
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FE8A814645E5FBAD" box="[369,395,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">bc</emphasis>
|
||
= 20–25
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FE018146467AFBAD" box="[506,532,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">cd</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.27–0.32
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FD55814646A4FBAD" box="[686,714,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">dd</emphasis>
|
||
at segment 20 (n = 2). Clitellum annular, dark brick red colour on segments ¼9–½14 (= ¾4), lightly demarcated on segment 14 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75CD2A0505686161FC73811A478CFB89" box="[904,994,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[177,1410,179,1812]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Key characters of the Moniligaster gravelyi Stephenson, 1915 (based on the present study). A. Ventral view of anterior region. B. Prostate of right hand side, dorsal view. C. Prostatic capsule of right hand side, slightly stretched, dorsal view. D. Spermatheca of right hand side, slightly stretched, dorsal view. Cl.—Clitellum; C.A.D.—Common atrial duct; F.P.—Female pore; M.H.L.—Mass of hairpin loops; P.C.—Prostatic capsule; P.—Prostate; P.D.—Prostatic duct; S.A.—Spermathecal ampulla; S.A.G.—Spermathecal atrial gland; S.A.G.D.—Spermathecal atrial gland duct; S.D.—Spermathecal duct; S.M.A.—Secondary male aperture; Sp.P.—Spermathecal pore; T.S.—Testis sac; Vd.—Vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10361495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10361495/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
), setae not visible (indication present). Spermathecal pores paired, in transverse invaginations, hidden in intersegmental furrow 7/8, aligned between
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FA7981FE41F2FB55" box="[1410,1436,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">bc</emphasis>
|
||
setal lines, median to
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FE6C81D245CDFB30" box="[407,419,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">c</emphasis>
|
||
. Secondary male apertures paired, on intersegmental furrow 10/11, aligned between
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FA8081D241FBFB31" box="[1403,1429,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">bc</emphasis>
|
||
, nearer to
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FEF981B6457EFB1D" box="[258,272,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">b</emphasis>
|
||
setal line, apertures whitish, puckered orifices with tumid lips, pale white patch present on anterior and posterior portions of male apertures in segment 10 and 11. Female pores paired, on intersegmental furrow 11/12, at
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FF48806E44AFFAC5" box="[179,193,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">b</emphasis>
|
||
setal line, bordered by whitish patch in front and behind (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75CD2A0505686161FCB4806E47C6FAC5" box="[847,936,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[177,1410,179,1812]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Key characters of the Moniligaster gravelyi Stephenson, 1915 (based on the present study). A. Ventral view of anterior region. B. Prostate of right hand side, dorsal view. C. Prostatic capsule of right hand side, slightly stretched, dorsal view. D. Spermatheca of right hand side, slightly stretched, dorsal view. Cl.—Clitellum; C.A.D.—Common atrial duct; F.P.—Female pore; M.H.L.—Mass of hairpin loops; P.C.—Prostatic capsule; P.—Prostate; P.D.—Prostatic duct; S.A.—Spermathecal ampulla; S.A.G.—Spermathecal atrial gland; S.A.G.D.—Spermathecal atrial gland duct; S.D.—Spermathecal duct; S.M.A.—Secondary male aperture; Sp.P.—Spermathecal pore; T.S.—Testis sac; Vd.—Vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10361495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10361495/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nephridiopores minute, recognizable from segment 3, at
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FEC880424523FAA1" box="[307,333,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">cd</emphasis>
|
||
setal lines in one rank. Genital markings absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED49368005686161FF198026464AF84D" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205686161FF1980264552FA8D" box="[226,316,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Internal</emphasis>
|
||
: Septa 5/6–8/9 muscular, septum 9/10 delicate. Gizzards
|
||
<quantity id="2A0E9B6505686161FC2B80274077FA8D" box="[976,1049,1374,1401]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="in" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 in</quantity>
|
||
segments 12–18; intestinal origin in segment 25±1. Last hearts in segment 9. Commissures of extra-esophageal vessel present on posterior face of septum 8/9 and 9/10. Testis sacs paired, irregularly ovoid, in segments 10–11, 12; vas deferens long, mass of hairpin loops in segments 9–10, 11, mass is equal in size or smaller than testis sac, touches prostate at sub-ectally, pass along inner face of prostate, entering the prostate directly, at median side, a little below ental end in glandular portion, without penetrating longitudinal musculature. Prostates paired, flattened, strap-shaped, extending from segment 11 to segments 13–14, bulging into segment 15 through septum 14/15, twisted ectally, widened entally, glandular (light pinkish colour) with low, slender networks of blood vessels, surface with shallow depressions and nodulations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75CD2A0505686161FF6483064497F96D" box="[159,249,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[177,1410,179,1812]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Key characters of the Moniligaster gravelyi Stephenson, 1915 (based on the present study). A. Ventral view of anterior region. B. Prostate of right hand side, dorsal view. C. Prostatic capsule of right hand side, slightly stretched, dorsal view. D. Spermatheca of right hand side, slightly stretched, dorsal view. Cl.—Clitellum; C.A.D.—Common atrial duct; F.P.—Female pore; M.H.L.—Mass of hairpin loops; P.C.—Prostatic capsule; P.—Prostate; P.D.—Prostatic duct; S.A.—Spermathecal ampulla; S.A.G.—Spermathecal atrial gland; S.A.G.D.—Spermathecal atrial gland duct; S.D.—Spermathecal duct; S.M.A.—Secondary male aperture; Sp.P.—Spermathecal pore; T.S.—Testis sac; Vd.—Vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10361495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10361495/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
); prostatic capsule tubular, smooth, highly nodulated surface, margins incised (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75CD2A0505686161FB728306408CF96D" box="[1161,1250,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[177,1410,179,1812]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Key characters of the Moniligaster gravelyi Stephenson, 1915 (based on the present study). A. Ventral view of anterior region. B. Prostate of right hand side, dorsal view. C. Prostatic capsule of right hand side, slightly stretched, dorsal view. D. Spermatheca of right hand side, slightly stretched, dorsal view. Cl.—Clitellum; C.A.D.—Common atrial duct; F.P.—Female pore; M.H.L.—Mass of hairpin loops; P.C.—Prostatic capsule; P.—Prostate; P.D.—Prostatic duct; S.A.—Spermathecal ampulla; S.A.G.—Spermathecal atrial gland; S.A.G.D.—Spermathecal atrial gland duct; S.D.—Spermathecal duct; S.M.A.—Secondary male aperture; Sp.P.—Spermathecal pore; T.S.—Testis sac; Vd.—Vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10361495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10361495/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
); prostatic duct, short, slightly slender entally and bulging before entering parietes, duct with light muscular shimmer, just over one fourth of the combined length of gland and duct. Spermathecae paired in segment 8, ampulla ovoid, each with coiled whitish duct penetrating septum 7/8 and entering upper central portion of the single atrial gland in segment 7 to join at junction of short bifid ducts of atrial gland, atrial gland single on each side, moderate size, long flattened ovoid or with a slight bent at the centre (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75CD2A0505686161FDA6824A46DBF8B9" box="[605,693,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[177,1410,179,1812]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Key characters of the Moniligaster gravelyi Stephenson, 1915 (based on the present study). A. Ventral view of anterior region. B. Prostate of right hand side, dorsal view. C. Prostatic capsule of right hand side, slightly stretched, dorsal view. D. Spermatheca of right hand side, slightly stretched, dorsal view. Cl.—Clitellum; C.A.D.—Common atrial duct; F.P.—Female pore; M.H.L.—Mass of hairpin loops; P.C.—Prostatic capsule; P.—Prostate; P.D.—Prostatic duct; S.A.—Spermathecal ampulla; S.A.G.—Spermathecal atrial gland; S.A.G.D.—Spermathecal atrial gland duct; S.D.—Spermathecal duct; S.M.A.—Secondary male aperture; Sp.P.—Spermathecal pore; T.S.—Testis sac; Vd.—Vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10361495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10361495/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
), directed antero-posteriorly or tilted dorso-ventrally, bifid duct of atrial gland (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75CD2A0505686161FEDD822E4512F885" box="[294,380,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[177,1410,179,1812]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Key characters of the Moniligaster gravelyi Stephenson, 1915 (based on the present study). A. Ventral view of anterior region. B. Prostate of right hand side, dorsal view. C. Prostatic capsule of right hand side, slightly stretched, dorsal view. D. Spermatheca of right hand side, slightly stretched, dorsal view. Cl.—Clitellum; C.A.D.—Common atrial duct; F.P.—Female pore; M.H.L.—Mass of hairpin loops; P.C.—Prostatic capsule; P.—Prostate; P.D.—Prostatic duct; S.A.—Spermathecal ampulla; S.A.G.—Spermathecal atrial gland; S.A.G.D.—Spermathecal atrial gland duct; S.D.—Spermathecal duct; S.M.A.—Secondary male aperture; Sp.P.—Spermathecal pore; T.S.—Testis sac; Vd.—Vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10361495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10361495/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
), about one seventh the length of common atrial duct. Ovarian chamber complete, horseshoeshaped. Ovisacs paired in segment 12, extending to segments 13–14, narrower entally or slightly bent. Nephridia avesiculate, present on segment 10.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED49368005696160FF3C85EF4029FE58" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FF3C85EF4551FF44" bold="true" box="[199,319,150,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Intestinal origin seems to be in segment
|
||
<quantity id="2A0E9B6505696160FCE085EF4738FF44" box="[795,854,150,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.366" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" unit="in" value="29.0">29 in</quantity>
|
||
a specimen from Nellippara in Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary (ACESSD/EW/570). Specimens from the Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary had 4 gizzards in segments 12–15 or 14–17 while the sole specimen from the Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary (ACESSD/EW/570) had 5 gizzards in segments 14–18. In the original description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B7105696160FD43847B47E5FEE9" author="Stephenson, J." box="[696,907,258,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" pagination="35 - 108" refId="ref5992" refString="Stephenson, J. (1915) On some Indian Oligochaeta, mainly from Southern India and Ceylon. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 6, 35 - 108." type="journal article" year="1915">Stephenson (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, mentioned that the mass of hairpin loops of vas deferens is larger than testis sac, but in the present study only
|
||
<specimenCount id="FBF0FD0905696160FCAD845E479EFEB4" box="[854,1008,294,321]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
from Karineelipacha had this feature. In certain individuals, one of the prostate may not directed posteriorly, instead it is erect, twisted and confined to segment 11. In
|
||
<specimenCount id="FBF0FD0905696160FEBD8416458FFE7C" box="[326,481,366,393]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
from the Methanampara in Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary (ACESSD/EW/566), prostate of RHS turned towards the midventral line and placed beneath the gizzards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED49368005696160FF3C84CF4134FE24" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,1689]" box="[199,1370,438,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FF3C84CF454BFE24" bold="true" box="[199,293,438,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Ingesta.</emphasis>
|
||
Mainly colloids of fine soil, also rarely small pebbles, sand, barks and strands of plant material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED49368005696160FF3C84A341FDFE00" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,1689]" box="[199,1427,474,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FF3C84A34544FE00" bold="true" box="[199,298,474,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Forests (deciduous, moist deciduous and evergreen forest patch) in the midlands of Thrissur district.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5EC650B05696160FF3C84874607FDC8" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED49368005696160FF3C84874607FDC8" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FF3C84874549FDEC" bold="true" box="[199,295,510,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="FBF0FD0905696160FED6848745A5FDEC" box="[301,459,510,536]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
from the Methanampara in Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary (ACESSD/EW/566) had 26 regenerated segments at posterior end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5EC650B05696160FF3C873F4166FD5C" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED49368005696160FF3C873F4166FD5C" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FF3C873F450FFD94" bold="true" box="[199,353,582,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic to the midlands of Thrissur district,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2F32F86205696160FC7D873F4079FD94" box="[902,1047,582,608]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95E1761005696160FBDD873F400DFD94" box="[1062,1123,582,608]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Karineelipacha in Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary*, Methanampara in Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary*, Nellippara in Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary* and Trichur (Thrissur) (*present records;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B7105696160FCAB87F7407DFD5D" author="Stephenson, J." box="[848,1043,654,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" pagination="35 - 108" refId="ref5992" refString="Stephenson, J. (1915) On some Indian Oligochaeta, mainly from Southern India and Ceylon. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 6, 35 - 108." type="journal article" year="1915">Stephenson 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B7105696160FBE587F740F0FD5C" author="Gates, G. E." box="[1054,1182,654,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" pagination="487 - 518" refId="ref5101" refString="Gates, G. E. (1940) Indian earthworms. XIII. The genus Moniligaster. Records of the Indian Museum, 42 (3), 487 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi % 2 Fv 42 % 2 Fi 3 % 2 F 1940 % 2 F 162432" type="journal article" year="1940">Gates 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75CD2A0505696160FB4D87F74095FD5C" box="[1206,1275,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,179,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[193,1394,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Current known range of Moniligaster gravelyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10361497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10361497/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5EC650B05696165FF3C87CB4112FA5E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED49368005696160FF3C87CB47ABFC18" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FF3C87CB4555FD38" bold="true" box="[199,315,690,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Apart from
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FE3B87CA4628FD38" box="[448,582,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FE3B87CA462DFD38" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[448,579,690,716]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">M. gravelyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the group consists of five species,
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FC3887CA478CFD38" box="[963,994,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">viz</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FC0D87CA416CFD38" authority="Jamieson, 1977" authorityName="Jamieson" authorityYear="1977" box="[1014,1282,690,717]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="troyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FC0D87CA4063FD38" box="[1014,1037,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FBE287CA4023FD38" box="[1049,1101,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">troyi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B7105696160FBA887CB416CFD38" author="Jamieson, B. G. M." box="[1107,1282,690,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" pagination="95 - 114" refId="ref5270" refString="Jamieson, B. G. M. (1977) On the phylogeny of the Moniligastridae, with description of new species of Moniligaster (Oligocaheta, Annelida). Evolutionary Theory, 2, 95 - 114." type="journal article" year="1977">Jamieson, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FAF787CB4595FD04" authority="Narayanan & Julka, 2021" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bahli">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FAF787CB44BFFD04" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Moniligaster bahli</emphasis>
|
||
Narayanan & Julka, 2021
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FDFD87AE47BDFD04" authority="Narayanan & Julka, 2021" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" box="[518,979,726,753]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="blakemorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FDFD87AE4673FD04" box="[518,541,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FDD787AF46C7FD04" box="[556,681,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">blakemorei</emphasis>
|
||
Narayanan & Julka, 2021
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FC2587AE41F2FD04" authority="Narayanan & Julka, 2021" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" box="[990,1436,726,753]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="keralensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FC2587AE479BFD04" box="[990,1013,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FBFF87AF4018FD04" box="[1028,1142,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">keralensis</emphasis>
|
||
Narayanan & Julka, 2021
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FF3287824612FCE0" authority="Narayanan & Paliwal, 2022" authorityName="Narayanan & Paliwal" authorityYear="2022" box="[201,636,762,789]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="julkai">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FF328782455FFCE0" box="[201,305,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M. julkai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B7105696160FEC187824612FCE0" author="Narayanan, S. P. & Anuja, R. & Thomas, A. P. & Paliwal, R." box="[314,636,762,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" pagination="31 - 50" refId="ref5800" refString="Narayanan, S. P., Anuja, R., Thomas, A. P. & Paliwal, R. (2022) A new species of Moniligaster Perrier, 1872 (Annelida, Moniligastridae) from India, with status revision of M. deshayesi minor Michaelsen, 1913. Opuscula Zoologica Budapest, 53 (1), 31 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.18348 / opzool. 2022.1.31" type="journal article" year="2022">Narayanan & Paliwal, 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Species belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FCA78782478EFCE0" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[860,992,762,788]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FCA78782478EFCE0" box="[860,992,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M. gravelyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, can be characterized by
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FAA887824103FCE1" box="[1363,1389,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">(i)</emphasis>
|
||
vas deferens opening directly into the prostate,
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FD87866646F1FCCC" box="[636,671,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
, without penetrating the longitudinal muscle layer,
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FB248666416FFCCD" box="[1247,1281,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">(ii)</emphasis>
|
||
spermathecal atria confined to segment 7, and
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FDF8863A4642FCA9" box="[515,556,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">(iii)</emphasis>
|
||
leaflet like glands absent on the vas deferens. Among these
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FB31863A4125FCA8" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[1226,1355,834,860]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FB31863A4125FCA8" box="[1226,1355,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M. gravelyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FEF0861E4505FC74" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" box="[267,363,870,896]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bahli">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FEF0861E4505FC74" box="[267,363,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M. bahli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which it can easily be differentiated by the number of spermathecal atrial glands (single atrial gland in
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FECE86F245BCFC50" box="[309,466,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FECE86F245DBFC50" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[309,437,906,932]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">M. gravelyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
paired in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FDC486F246F3FC50" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" box="[575,669,906,932]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bahli">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FDC486F246F3FC50" box="[575,669,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M. bahli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and character of the prostatic capsule (highly nodulated surface with deeply incised margins in
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FE4686D64632FC3C" box="[445,604,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FE4686D64650FC3C" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[445,574,942,968]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">M. gravelyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
smooth margins and a few nodulations at ental end in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FB3B86D64171FC3C" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" box="[1216,1311,942,968]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bahli">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FB3B86D64171FC3C" box="[1216,1311,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M. bahli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Detailed comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FEC486AB45CAFC18" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[319,420,978,1004]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
|
||
‘
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FEB386AB45CAFC18" box="[328,420,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">gravelyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ species group members are provided in table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED49368005696160FF3C868E4012FBAC" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
Due to the existence of a bifid atrial gland duct beneath the single atrial gland, it is presumed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FAE0868E41F2FBE4" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[1307,1436,1014,1040]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FAE0868E41F2FBE4" box="[1307,1436,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M. gravelyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
originated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FEB581634659FBC0" box="[334,567,1050,1076]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FEB5816345B1FBC0" box="[334,479,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Moniligaster</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having bifid atrial glands at each common atrial duct. Most likely, it evolved from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FF2E8146455AFBAC" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" box="[213,308,1086,1112]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bahli">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FF2E8146455AFBAC" box="[213,308,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M. bahli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is found in the adjacent forested areas of the Parambikulam region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED49368005696160FF3C811B4602FA35" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B7105696160FF3C811B4537FB88" author="Gates, G. E." box="[199,345,1122,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" pagination="487 - 518" refId="ref5101" refString="Gates, G. E. (1940) Indian earthworms. XIII. The genus Moniligaster. Records of the Indian Museum, 42 (3), 487 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi % 2 Fv 42 % 2 Fi 3 % 2 F 1940 % 2 F 162432" type="journal article" year="1940">Gates (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B7105696160FE2D811B46D2FB89" author="Stephenson, J." box="[470,700,1122,1149]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" pagination="43 - 73" refId="ref6052" refString="Stephenson, J. (1925) On some Oligochaeta mainly from Assam, South India, and the Andaman Islands. Records of the Indian Museum, 27 (2), 43 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi % 2 Fv 27 % 2 Fi 2 % 2 F 1925 % 2 F 163458" type="journal article" year="1925">Stephenson’s (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FD3F811A479FFB88" authority="Perrier, 1872" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1872" box="[708,1009,1122,1148]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="deshayesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FD3F811A4736FB88" box="[708,856,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M. deshayesi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B7105696160FCA4811B479FFB88" author="Perrier, E." box="[863,1009,1122,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" pagination="5 - 198" refId="ref5944" refString="Perrier, E. (1872) Recherches pour servir a l'histoire des lombriciens terrestres. Nouveaux Archives du Museum National d ' Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 8, 5 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12201" type="journal article" year="1872">Perrier, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen from Kavalai and he stated that ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FF2B81FF4786FB1C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">The internal organs of the Kavalai worm were brittle, and what remained of the spermathecal atrium crumbled into fragments while attempting to discover if the usual two glands were bound together in a common investment of connective tissue, Discrete glands are unrecognizable in both specimens</emphasis>
|
||
’. Hence
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B7105696160FBAB81B7408DFB1C" author="Gates, G. E." box="[1104,1251,1230,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" pagination="487 - 518" refId="ref5101" refString="Gates, G. E. (1940) Indian earthworms. XIII. The genus Moniligaster. Records of the Indian Museum, 42 (3), 487 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi % 2 Fv 42 % 2 Fi 3 % 2 F 1940 % 2 F 162432" type="journal article" year="1940">Gates (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was not be able to conclude the character of the atrial glands. However, he included it under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FBFC818A40E4FAF8" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[1031,1162,1266,1292]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FBFC818A40E4FAF8" box="[1031,1162,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M. gravelyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Recently Narayanan
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FA73818A44DAFAC4" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021) described a new species of the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FD3B806E46B1FAC4" box="[704,735,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">viz</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FD0D806E40EDFAC4" authority="Narayanan & Julka, 2021" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" box="[758,1155,1302,1329]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bahli">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FD0D806E4739FAC4" box="[758,855,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M. bahli</emphasis>
|
||
Narayanan & Julka, 2021
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the three locations of Parambikulam Tiger Reserve of Palakkad district,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2F32F86205696160FD0D8043472AFAA0" box="[758,836,1338,1364]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The location of the spermathecal pores, male pores, female pores, prostate, prostatic capsule, ovisacs, atrial gland structure etc. of Kavalai specimen (
|
||
<tableCitation id="A074033B05696160FB2F80274144FA8C" box="[1236,1322,1374,1400]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of characters of Moniligaster specimen from Kavalai and M. bahli Narayanan & Julka, 2021 from the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B98966080562616BFF6C85EE4598FF27" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" tableUuid="B98966080562616BFF6C85EE4598FF27">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B7105696160FF4080FB45E1FA69" author="Stephenson, J." box="[187,399,1410,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" pagination="43 - 73" refId="ref6052" refString="Stephenson, J. (1925) On some Oligochaeta mainly from Assam, South India, and the Andaman Islands. Records of the Indian Museum, 27 (2), 43 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi % 2 Fv 27 % 2 Fi 2 % 2 F 1925 % 2 F 163458" type="journal article" year="1925">Stephenson (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B7105696160FE3380FB4635FA68" author="Gates, G. E." box="[456,603,1410,1436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" pagination="487 - 518" refId="ref5101" refString="Gates, G. E. (1940) Indian earthworms. XIII. The genus Moniligaster. Records of the Indian Museum, 42 (3), 487 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi % 2 Fv 42 % 2 Fi 3 % 2 F 1940 % 2 F 162432" type="journal article" year="1940">Gates (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
agree more closely with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FC8080FA47B2FA68" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" box="[891,988,1410,1436]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bahli">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FC8080FA47B2FA68" box="[891,988,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M. bahli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FBE780FA40F1FA68" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[1052,1183,1410,1436]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FBE780FA40F1FA68" box="[1052,1183,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M. gravelyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, Kavalai is close to the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED49368005696160FF3C80B34176F96C" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
Thakur
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FED980B24503FA10" box="[290,365,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">et al.’s</emphasis>
|
||
(2021) report this species from Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary of Kollam District of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2F32F86205696160FAA980B344A4F9FD" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Kerala state</collectingRegion>
|
||
needs further corroboration. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FDD7809646C2F9FC" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[556,684,1518,1544]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FDD7809646C2F9FC" box="[556,684,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M. gravelyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vas deferens enters the prostate entally (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B7105696160FB9780974098F9FC" author="Gates, G. E." box="[1132,1270,1518,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" pagination="487 - 518" refId="ref5101" refString="Gates, G. E. (1940) Indian earthworms. XIII. The genus Moniligaster. Records of the Indian Museum, 42 (3), 487 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi % 2 Fv 42 % 2 Fi 3 % 2 F 1940 % 2 F 162432" type="journal article" year="1940">Gates, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but as per the figure provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B7105696160FE8A836B4636F9D8" author="Thakur, S. S. & Lone, A. R. & Tiwari, N. & Jain, S. K. & James, S. W. & Yadav, S." box="[369,600,1554,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" pagination="117 - 137" refId="ref6115" refString="Thakur, S. S., Lone, A. R., Tiwari, N., Jain, S. K., James, S. W. & Yadav, S. (2021) A contribution to the earthworm diversity (Clitellata, Moniligastridae) of Kerala, a component of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India, using integrated taxonomy. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 44 (1), 117 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.32800 / abc. 2021.44.0117" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Thakur
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FE31836A466DF9D8" box="[458,515,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it joins the prostate ectally. Thakur
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FC0D836A4041F9D8" box="[1014,1071,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
mentioned that atrial glands are single or indistinctly bifid and demarcated by a transverse furrow. But the figure provided shows the opposite, where two distinct spermathecal atrial glands are shown. Owing to the above-discussed anomalies the specimen described under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D0305696160FEB0830645A2F96C" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[331,460,1662,1688]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FEB0830645A2F96C" box="[331,460,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">M. gravelyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Thakur
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FDB6830646EBF96C" box="[589,645,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
seems to be of a different species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B7105696160FBF583074162F96C" author="Narayanan, S. P. & Paliwal, R. & Kurien, V. T. & Thomas, A. P. & Julka, J. M." box="[1038,1292,1662,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" refId="ref5879" refString="Narayanan, S. P., Paliwal, R., Kurien, V. T., Thomas, A. P. & Julka, J. M. (2023) Earthworms (Clitellata: Moniligastrida, Crassiclitellata) of India: distribution and status. Department of Printing and Publishing, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 378 pp." type="book" year="2023">
|
||
Narayanan
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA9205696160FB6B830640A6F96C" box="[1168,1224,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B9896608056E6167FF6C825747D2F80E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10361495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10361495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10361495/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="369" startId="4.[151,250,1838,1862]" targetBox="[177,1410,179,1806]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED493680056E6167FF6C825747D2F80E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1838,2042]" pageId="4" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056E6167FF6C8257457BF8B2" bold="true" box="[151,277,1838,1862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="369">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Key characters of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056E6167FDFF825747CFF8B2" authority="Stephenson, 1915" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[516,929,1838,1862]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="4" pageNumber="369" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056E6167FDFF8257468CF8B2" box="[516,738,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="369">Moniligaster gravelyi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B71056E6167FD11825747CFF8B2" author="Stephenson, J." box="[746,929,1838,1862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="369" pagination="35 - 108" refId="ref5992" refString="Stephenson, J. (1915) On some Indian Oligochaeta, mainly from Southern India and Ceylon. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 6, 35 - 108." type="journal article" year="1915">Stephenson, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(based on the present study).
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056E6167FB278257409AF8B2" bold="true" box="[1244,1268,1838,1862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="369">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of anterior region.
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056E6167FEC3822B4521F89E" bold="true" box="[312,335,1874,1898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="369">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Prostate of right hand side, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056E6167FD1F822B4692F89E" bold="true" box="[740,764,1874,1898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="369">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Prostatic capsule of right hand side, slightly stretched, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056E6167FF6C820F44DEF87A" bold="true" box="[151,176,1910,1934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="369">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Spermatheca of right hand side, slightly stretched, dorsal view. Cl.—Clitellum; C.A.D.—Common atrial duct; F.P.—Female pore; M.H.L.—Mass of hairpin loops; P.C.—Prostatic capsule; P.—Prostate; P.D.—Prostatic duct; S.A.—Spermathecal ampulla; S.A.G.—Spermathecal atrial gland; S.A.G.D.—Spermathecal atrial gland duct; S.D.—Spermathecal duct; S.M.A.—Secondary male aperture; Sp.P.—Spermathecal pore; T.S.—Testis sac; Vd.—Vas deferens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="B9896608056F6166FF6A848C4115FDFB" ID-Table-UUID="B9896608056F6166FF6A848C4115FDFB" box="[145,1403,501,527]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B9896608056F6166FF6A848C4115FDFB" pageId="5" pageNumber="370" startId="5.[145,233,501,527]" targetBox="[156,2014,581,1624]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED493680056F6166FF6A848C4115FDFB" blockId="5.[145,1403,501,527]" box="[145,1403,501,527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FF6A848C456AFDFB" bold="true" box="[145,260,501,527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of the characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056F6166FD9C848C47C8FDFB" authority="Stephenson, 1915" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[615,934,501,527]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="370" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FD9C848C468CFDFB" box="[615,738,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">M. gravelyi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B71056F6166FD12848C47C8FDFB" author="Stephenson, J." box="[745,934,501,527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="370" pagination="35 - 108" refId="ref5992" refString="Stephenson, J. (1915) On some Indian Oligochaeta, mainly from Southern India and Ceylon. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 6, 35 - 108." type="journal article" year="1915">Stephenson, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056F6166FB36848C4143FDFB" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[1229,1325,501,527]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="370" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
|
||
‘
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FB2D848C4143FDFB" box="[1238,1325,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">gravelyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ group
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED493680056F6166FF67871B42D9F9BE" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<table id="9FF6C420056F9E9CFF67873C43B0F9AC" box="[156,2014,581,1624]" colsContinueIn="6.[156,1997,866,1380]" gridcols="7" gridrows="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<tr id="53C634C2056F9E9CFF67873C43B0FD6C" box="[156,2014,581,664]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056F9E9CFF67873C4548FD6C" box="[156,294,581,664]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056F9E9CFEA8873C464BFD6C" box="[339,549,581,664]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056F6166FEA8872A45A4FD7E" authority="Stephenson" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="370" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FEA8872A45A6FD98" box="[339,456,595,620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">M. gravelyi</emphasis>
|
||
Stephenson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 19151,2
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056F9E9CFDBD873C4766FD6C" box="[582,776,581,664]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056F6166FDBD872A4690FD98" authority="Jamieson" authorityName="Jamieson" authorityYear="1977" box="[582,766,595,620]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="370" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="troyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FDBD872A46F9FD98" box="[582,663,595,620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">M. troyi</emphasis>
|
||
Jamieson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 19773
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056F9E9CFCDC873C4797FD6C" box="[807,1017,581,664]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056F6166FCDC872A4717FD7E" authority="Narayanan & Julka" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="370" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bahli">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FCDC872A4713FD98" box="[807,893,595,620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">M. bahli</emphasis>
|
||
Narayanan & Julka
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 20214
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056F9E9CFBE1873C4085FD6C" box="[1050,1259,581,664]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056F6166FBE1873C4023FD6C" authority="Narayanan & Julka, 2021" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="370" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="blakemorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FBE1873C40C3FDAA" box="[1050,1197,581,606]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">M. blakemorei</emphasis>
|
||
Narayanan & Julka, 2021
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4,5
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056F9E9CFAF4873C4201FD6C" box="[1295,1647,581,664]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056F6166FAF4872A412CFD7E" authority="Narayanan & Julka, 2021" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="370" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="keralensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FAF4872A41F9FD98" box="[1295,1431,595,620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">M. keralensis</emphasis>
|
||
Narayanan & Julka, 2021
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4,5
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056F9E9CF970873C43B0FD6C" box="[1675,2014,581,664]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056F6166F970873C43A4FDAA" authority="Narayanan & Paliwal" authorityName="Narayanan & Paliwal" authorityYear="2022" box="[1675,1994,581,606]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="370" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="julkai">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166F970873C4289FDAA" box="[1675,1767,581,606]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">M. julkai</emphasis>
|
||
Narayanan & Paliwal
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 20225
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="53C634C2056F9E9CFF67879643B0FCFC" box="[156,2014,751,776]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056F9E9CFF6787964548FCFC" box="[156,294,751,776]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">Length</th>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFEA88796464BFCFC" box="[339,549,751,776]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">130–174 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFDBD87964766FCFC" box="[582,776,751,776]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">60–63 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFCDC87964797FCFC" box="[807,1017,751,776]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">75–134 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFBE187964085FCFC" box="[1050,1259,751,776]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">81–136 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFAF487964201FCFC" box="[1295,1647,751,776]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">58–155 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CF970879643B0FCFC" box="[1675,2014,751,776]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">156–238 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="53C634C2056F9E9CFF67862943B0FC9D" box="[156,2014,848,873]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056F9E9CFF6786294548FC9D" box="[156,294,848,873]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">Diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFEA88629464BFC9D" box="[339,549,848,873]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">5–7 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFDBD86294766FC9D" box="[582,776,848,873]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">3.5–3.7 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFCDC86294797FC9D" box="[807,1017,848,873]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">4.5–7 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFBE186294085FC9D" box="[1050,1259,848,873]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">3.5–7 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFAF486294201FC9D" box="[1295,1647,848,873]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">3–6 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CF970862943B0FC9D" box="[1675,2014,848,873]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">6.5–8.5 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="53C634C2056F9E9CFF6786D543B0FC31" box="[156,2014,940,965]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056F9E9CFF6786D54548FC31" box="[156,294,940,965]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">Segments</th>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFEA886D5464BFC31" box="[339,549,940,965]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">139–189</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFDBD86D54766FC31" box="[582,776,940,965]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">123–153</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFCDC86D54797FC31" box="[807,1017,940,965]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">135–200</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFBE186D54085FC31" box="[1050,1259,940,965]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">183–278</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFAF486D54201FC31" box="[1295,1647,940,965]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">109–201</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CF97086D543B0FC31" box="[1675,2014,940,965]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">237–342</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="53C634C2056F9E9CFF67817743B0FB23" box="[156,2014,1038,1239]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056F9E9CFF6781774548FB23" box="[156,294,1038,1239]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">Spermatheca</th>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFEA88177464BFB23" box="[339,549,1038,1239]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
atrial gland single, on each side; duct of the gland
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FE4C813045ACFB96" box="[439,450,1097,1122]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">c</emphasis>
|
||
. 1/7 the length of common atrial duct; ampulla ovoid
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFDBD81774766FB23" box="[582,776,1038,1239]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
atrial glands paired on each side; duct of each gland
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FD2E8130468EFB96" box="[725,736,1097,1122]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">c</emphasis>
|
||
. 1/4 the length of common atrial duct; ampulla elongate-ovoid
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFCDC81774797FB23" box="[807,1017,1038,1239]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
atrial glands paired on each side; duct of each gland
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FC61813047CBFB96" box="[922,933,1097,1122]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">c</emphasis>
|
||
. 1/5 the length of common atrial duct; ampulla ovoid
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFBE181774085FB23" box="[1050,1259,1038,1239]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
atrial glands paired on each side; duct of each gland
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FB52813040DAFB96" box="[1193,1204,1097,1122]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">c</emphasis>
|
||
. four times the length of common atrial duct; ampulla ovoidal
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFAF481774201FB23" box="[1295,1647,1038,1239]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">atrial glands paired on each side; duct of each gland about as long as common atrial duct; ampulla elongate-ovoid</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CF970817743B0FB23" box="[1675,2014,1038,1239]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
atrial glands paired on each side; duct of each gland
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166F8B781214339FB85" box="[1868,1879,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">c</emphasis>
|
||
. five times the length of common atrial duct; ampulla ovoidal
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="53C634C2056F9E9CFF67805F43B0FACB" box="[156,2014,1318,1343]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056F9E9CFF67805F4548FACB" box="[156,294,1318,1343]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">Prostates</th>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFEA8805F464BFACB" box="[339,549,1318,1343]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">strap-shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFDBD805F4766FACB" box="[582,776,1318,1343]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">club-shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFCDC805F4797FACB" box="[807,1017,1318,1343]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">strap-shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFBE1805F4085FACB" box="[1050,1259,1318,1343]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">bluntly club-shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFAF4805F4201FACB" box="[1295,1647,1318,1343]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">tubular</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CF970805F43B0FACB" box="[1675,2014,1318,1343]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">tubular</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="53C634C2056F9E9CFF67800943B0FA15" box="[156,2014,1392,1505]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056F9E9CFF6780094548FA15" box="[156,294,1392,1505]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">Prostate capsule</th>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFEA88009464BFA15" box="[339,549,1392,1505]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">tubular with deeply incised margins and highly nodulated surface</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFDBD80094766FA15" box="[582,776,1392,1505]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">(?)</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFCDC80094797FA15" box="[807,1017,1392,1505]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">tubular with smooth margins and a few nodulations at ental end</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFBE180094085FA15" box="[1050,1259,1392,1505]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">club-shaped with smooth margins</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFAF480094201FA15" box="[1295,1647,1392,1505]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">tubular with smooth margins</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CF970800943B0FA15" box="[1675,2014,1392,1505]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">tubular with smooth margins</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="53C634C2056F9E9CFF67837C43B0F9AC" box="[156,2014,1541,1624]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056F9E9CFF67837C4548F9AC" box="[156,294,1541,1624]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">Length of prostatic duct</th>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFEA8837C464BF9AC" box="[339,549,1541,1624]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">just over 1/4 the length of gland plus duct</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFDBD837C4766F9AC" box="[582,776,1541,1624]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FDBD836A463FF9D8" box="[582,593,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">c</emphasis>
|
||
. 1/3 the length of gland plus duct
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFCDC837C4797F9AC" box="[807,1017,1541,1624]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FCDC836A4757F9D8" box="[807,825,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">c.</emphasis>
|
||
1/7 the length of gland plus duct
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFBE1837C4085F9AC" box="[1050,1259,1541,1624]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FBE1836A4042F9D8" box="[1050,1068,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">c.</emphasis>
|
||
1/3 the length of gland plus duct
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CFAF4837C4201F9AC" box="[1295,1647,1541,1624]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166FAF4835B414EF9CF" box="[1295,1312,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">c.</emphasis>
|
||
1/9 the length of gland plus duct
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056F9E9CF970837C43B0F9AC" box="[1675,2014,1541,1624]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166F970836A42F3F9D8" box="[1675,1693,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">c.</emphasis>
|
||
1/3 the length of gland plus duct
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED493680056F6166F95C83F3438DF957" blockId="5.[1703,2019,1674,1699]" box="[1703,2019,1674,1699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056F6166F95C83F3438DF957" box="[1703,2019,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">......Continued on the next page</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B9896608056C6165FF67867D45F9FCEA" box="[156,407,772,798]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" startId="6.[156,244,772,798]" targetBox="[156,1997,866,1380]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED493680056C6165FF67867D45F9FCEA" blockId="6.[156,407,772,798]" box="[156,407,772,798]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056C6165FF67867D4571FCEA" bold="true" box="[156,287,772,798]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">TABLE 1. (</emphasis>
|
||
Continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED493680056C6165FF678606434DFA90" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<table id="9FF6C420056C9E9CFF67861B43A3FA90" box="[156,1997,866,1380]" colsContinueFrom="5.[156,2014,581,1624]" gridcols="7" gridrows="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<tr id="53C634C2056C9E9CFF67861B43A3FC42" box="[156,1997,866,950]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056C9E9CFF67861B4553FC42" box="[156,317,866,950]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056C9E9CFEA8861B464CFC42" box="[339,546,866,950]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056C6165FEA8860845A4FC53" authority="Stephenson" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056C6165FEA8860845A6FC7E" box="[339,456,881,906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">M. gravelyi</emphasis>
|
||
Stephenson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 19151,2
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056C9E9CFDBD861B4762FC42" box="[582,780,866,950]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056C6165FDBD86084690FC7E" authority="Jamieson" authorityName="Jamieson" authorityYear="1977" box="[582,766,881,906]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="troyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056C6165FDBD860846F9FC7E" box="[582,663,881,906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">M. troyi</emphasis>
|
||
Jamieson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 19773
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056C9E9CFCDC861B406CFC42" box="[807,1026,866,950]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056C6165FCDC86084717FC53" authority="Narayanan & Julka" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bahli">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056C6165FCDC86084713FC7E" box="[807,893,881,906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">M. bahli</emphasis>
|
||
Narayanan & Julka
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 20214
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056C9E9CFBE1861B409AFC42" box="[1050,1268,866,950]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056C6165FBE1861B4023FC42" authority="Narayanan & Julka, 2021" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="blakemorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056C6165FBE1861B40C3FC8F" box="[1050,1197,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">M. blakemorei</emphasis>
|
||
Narayanan & Julka, 2021
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4,5
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056C9E9CFAF4861B4206FC42" box="[1295,1640,866,950]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056C6165FAF48608412CFC53" authority="Narayanan & Julka, 2021" authorityName="Narayanan & Julka" authorityYear="2021" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="keralensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056C6165FAF4860841F9FC7E" box="[1295,1431,881,906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">M. keralensis</emphasis>
|
||
Narayanan & Julka, 2021
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4,5
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056C9E9CF970861B43A3FC42" box="[1675,1997,866,950]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF64D03056C6165F970861B43A4FC8F" authority="Narayanan & Paliwal" authorityName="Narayanan & Paliwal" authorityYear="2022" box="[1675,1994,866,891]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="julkai">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056C6165F970861B4289FC8F" box="[1675,1767,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">M. julkai</emphasis>
|
||
Narayanan & Paliwal
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 20225
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="53C634C2056C9E9CFF67815D43A3FB8C" box="[156,1997,1060,1144]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056C9E9CFF67815D4553FB8C" box="[156,317,1060,1144]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Vas deferens</th>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CFEA8815D464CFB8C" box="[339,546,1060,1144]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">segments 9–10 (11), enters prostate subentally</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CFDBD815D4762FB8C" box="[582,780,1060,1144]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">segment 9, enters prostate sub-ectally</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CFCDC815D406CFB8C" box="[807,1026,1060,1144]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">segments 9–12 (–16), enters prostate subentally</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CFBE1815D409AFB8C" box="[1050,1268,1060,1144]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">segments 9–11 (–12), enters prostate near entally</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CFAF4815D4206FB8C" box="[1295,1640,1060,1144]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">segments 9–10, enters prostate sub-ectally</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CF970815D43A3FB8C" box="[1675,1997,1060,1144]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">segments 9–12 (–13), enters prostate sub-ectally</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="53C634C2056C9E9CFF6781AB43A3FAFC" box="[156,1997,1234,1288]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056C9E9CFF6781AB4553FAFC" box="[156,317,1234,1288]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Gizzards</th>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CFEA881AB464CFAFC" box="[339,546,1234,1288]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">4–5 (in segments 12–18)</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CFDBD81AB4762FAFC" box="[582,780,1234,1288]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">3 (in segments 13–15)</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CFCDC81AB406CFAFC" box="[807,1026,1234,1288]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">3–4 (in segments 13–18)</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CFBE181AB409AFAFC" box="[1050,1268,1234,1288]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">2 (in segments 12–16)</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CFAF481AB4206FAFC" box="[1295,1640,1234,1288]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">3–6 (in segments 14–20)</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CF97081AB43A3FAFC" box="[1675,1997,1234,1288]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">2–3 (in segments 12–16)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="53C634C2056C9E9CFF67803243A3FA90" box="[156,1997,1355,1380]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<th id="10175DBE056C9E9CFF6780324553FA90" box="[156,317,1355,1380]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Intestinal origin</th>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CFEA88032464CFA90" box="[339,546,1355,1380]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">in segments 24–26</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CFDBD80324762FA90" box="[582,780,1355,1380]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">in segment 27</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CFCDC8032406CFA90" box="[807,1026,1355,1380]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">in segments 24–26</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CFBE18032409AFA90" box="[1050,1268,1355,1380]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">in segments 26–28</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CFAF480324206FA90" box="[1295,1640,1355,1380]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">in segments 27–29</td>
|
||
<td id="10175DBE056C9E9CF970803243A3FA90" box="[1675,1997,1355,1380]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">in segments 27</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED493680056C6165FF6A80E94112FA5E" blockId="6.[145,1404,1422,1450]" box="[145,1404,1422,1450]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
|
||
Data from:
|
||
<superScript id="1A839BC8056C6165FEFE80F74563FA69" attach="right" box="[261,269,1422,1437]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">1</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B71056C6165FEF680E945B7FA5E" author="Stephenson, J." box="[269,473,1424,1450]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="35 - 108" refId="ref5992" refString="Stephenson, J. (1915) On some Indian Oligochaeta, mainly from Southern India and Ceylon. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 6, 35 - 108." type="journal article" year="1915">Stephenson (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="1A839BC8056C6165FE1F80F74582FA69" attach="right" box="[484,492,1422,1437]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">2</superScript>
|
||
Present study;
|
||
<superScript id="1A839BC8056C6165FD7380F746FEFA69" attach="right" box="[648,656,1422,1437]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">3</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B71056C6165FD6B80E9472AFA5E" author="Jamieson, B. G. M." box="[656,836,1424,1450]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="95 - 114" refId="ref5270" refString="Jamieson, B. G. M. (1977) On the phylogeny of the Moniligastridae, with description of new species of Moniligaster (Oligocaheta, Annelida). Evolutionary Theory, 2, 95 - 114." type="journal article" year="1977">Jamieson (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="1A839BC8056C6165FCB480F74739FA69" attach="right" box="[847,855,1422,1437]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">4</superScript>
|
||
Narayanan
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056C6165FC2A80E94069FA5E" box="[977,1031,1424,1450]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021);
|
||
<superScript id="1A839BC8056C6165FB9280F7401FFA69" attach="right" box="[1129,1137,1422,1437]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">5</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89674B71056C6165FB8A80E94116FA5E" author="Narayanan, S. P. & Anuja, R. & Thomas, A. P. & Paliwal, R." box="[1137,1400,1424,1450]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="31 - 50" refId="ref5800" refString="Narayanan, S. P., Anuja, R., Thomas, A. P. & Paliwal, R. (2022) A new species of Moniligaster Perrier, 1872 (Annelida, Moniligastridae) from India, with status revision of M. deshayesi minor Michaelsen, 1913. Opuscula Zoologica Budapest, 53 (1), 31 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.18348 / opzool. 2022.1.31" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Narayanan
|
||
<emphasis id="DF82EA92056C6165FB1080E9414FFA5E" box="[1259,1313,1424,1450]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |