277 lines
38 KiB
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277 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1150-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" ID-ZooBank="A38C5FB69F664F858788AAA53D21704D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1150-1" checkinTime="1677664009133" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Crews, Sarah C." docDate="2023" docId="23DE16B8A312553B9532AD01705E73CA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1150: 1-189" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1150" docPubDate="2023-02-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760" docTitle="Karaops marrayagong Crews & Harvey 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" masterDocTitle="But wait, there's more! Descriptions of new species and undescribed sexes of flattie spiders (Araneae, Selenopidae, Karaops) from Australia" masterLastPageNumber="189" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1677664009133" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>But wait, there's more! Descriptions of new species and undescribed sexes of flattie spiders (Araneae, Selenopidae, Karaops) from Australia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Crews, Sarah C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-6236</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>California Academy of Sciences, Department of Entomology, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">screwsemail@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-27</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1150</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:end>189</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1150-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A38C5FB69F664F858788AAA53D21704D</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:23DE16B8A312553B9532AD01705E73CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/23DE16B8A312553B9532AD01705E73CA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3R2MH" LSID="23DE16B8-A312-553B-9532-AD01705E73CA" authority="Crews & Harvey, 2011" authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">Karaops marrayagong Crews & Harvey, 2011</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 8. Members from the Karaops raveni species group A Karaops jarrit, paratype female, conveyor # 2, Worsley Alumina Overland Conveyor Belt, SW of Boddington, Western Australia (WAM T 87168) B Karaops raveni, holotype male, Brooyar State Forest, Queensland (QM S 50593) C Karaops raveni, female paratype, Boat Mountain, Queensland (QM S 47057) D Karaops marrayagong, holotype female, Kitty's Creek near Sydney, New South Wales (AM KS 19743) E Karaops marrayagong, female, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (AM KS. 126520) F Karaops jarrit, holotype male, 11 km NW of Roe's Rock, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 55003) G Karaops monteithi, adult female, under rock, outside of Coen, Queensland; arrows indicate tufts of white setae H Karaops monteithi, habitat of outside of Coen, Queensland. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816391" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 8D, E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 9. Karaops marrayagong, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales A adult female (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) B male, face (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C epigyne, caudal (sel _ 1089 AM KS. 126520) D male (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) E same, palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, blue = embolus, turquoise = spermophor, pink = conductor / conductor sheath, yellow = median apophysis, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (C); 1 mm (B, D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816392" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 9A-F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 10. Karaops marrayagong and Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. A Karaops marrayagong on tree, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (Photo: Wendy Grimm) B Karaops marrayagong, male palp, retrolateral, same data as previous (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C Karaops marrayagong, epigyne, caudal same data as previous (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906); pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes / epigynal plate E same, endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold F same, epigyne G same, endogyne. Scale bars: 1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816394" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 10A, B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 4" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Map 4. Species of the Karaops raveni species group; green = Karaops jarrit, red = Karaops raveni, pale blue = Karaops marrayagong." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816393" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">Karaops marrayagong</taxonomicName>
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Crews & Harvey, 2011: 40, figs 27-28 (♀, examined).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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New South Wales • 1 imm.; near Sydney, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="42.383" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.706383">33°42.383'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="151" direction="east" minutes="10.480" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="151.17467">151°10.480'E</geoCoordinate>
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; ~ 178 m; 9 Apr. 2016; S. Crews, P. Harlow leg.; under bark of tree; missing two legs when collected; sel_1088; SCC16_008; (AM KS.126519) • 1♀, 1 imm., 1♂ (reared in captivity); same data as previous, except
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<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="42.353" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.705883">33°42.353'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="151" direction="east" minutes="10.402" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="151.17337">151°10.402'E</geoCoordinate>
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; ~ 125 m; 10 Apr. 2016; S. Crews, P. Harlow, H. Smith leg.; under bark of small eucalypts in gully area on Management Trail; sel_1089-1091; SCC16_009; (AM KS.126520-126522).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The female of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops marrayagong</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. raveni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="raveni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. raveni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the lateral lobes of the epigyne almost touching or touching posteriorly, and the accessory bulbs are separated by more than one accessory bulb width (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 27, 28, 31, 32). The epigynes of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. jarrit" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jarrit">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. jarrit</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. marrayagong" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. marrayagong</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are very similar (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 25-28), and with only a few specimens of each, it is difficult to determine if differences between the two will remain useful for their separation. The median field is wider and shorter in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. marrayagong" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. marrayagong</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. jarrit" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jarrit">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. jarrit</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the accessory bulbs of the former are closer together. Although many people find the idea of using geography to separate species problematic, currently the easiest way to distinguish these two species is that
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. jarrit" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jarrit">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. jarrit</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is found in the southwest of Western Australia and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. marrayagong" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. marrayagong</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from a single locality near Sydney near the east coast of the continent in New South Wales (Map
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 4" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Map 4. Species of the Karaops raveni species group; green = Karaops jarrit, red = Karaops raveni, pale blue = Karaops marrayagong." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816393" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The male of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops marrayagong</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 8. Members from the Karaops raveni species group A Karaops jarrit, paratype female, conveyor # 2, Worsley Alumina Overland Conveyor Belt, SW of Boddington, Western Australia (WAM T 87168) B Karaops raveni, holotype male, Brooyar State Forest, Queensland (QM S 50593) C Karaops raveni, female paratype, Boat Mountain, Queensland (QM S 47057) D Karaops marrayagong, holotype female, Kitty's Creek near Sydney, New South Wales (AM KS 19743) E Karaops marrayagong, female, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (AM KS. 126520) F Karaops jarrit, holotype male, 11 km NW of Roe's Rock, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 55003) G Karaops monteithi, adult female, under rock, outside of Coen, Queensland; arrows indicate tufts of white setae H Karaops monteithi, habitat of outside of Coen, Queensland. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816391" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8E</figureCitation>
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) is similar to the males of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. raveni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="raveni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. raveni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. jarrit" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jarrit">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. jarrit</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the body shape (flatter and wider than species in other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species groups (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 9. Karaops marrayagong, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales A adult female (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) B male, face (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C epigyne, caudal (sel _ 1089 AM KS. 126520) D male (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) E same, palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, blue = embolus, turquoise = spermophor, pink = conductor / conductor sheath, yellow = median apophysis, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (C); 1 mm (B, D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816392" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9B, D</figureCitation>
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)), the horizontally oval sternum, and the long dRTA, curved ventrally and tapered to a point (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 8. Members from the Karaops raveni species group A Karaops jarrit, paratype female, conveyor # 2, Worsley Alumina Overland Conveyor Belt, SW of Boddington, Western Australia (WAM T 87168) B Karaops raveni, holotype male, Brooyar State Forest, Queensland (QM S 50593) C Karaops raveni, female paratype, Boat Mountain, Queensland (QM S 47057) D Karaops marrayagong, holotype female, Kitty's Creek near Sydney, New South Wales (AM KS 19743) E Karaops marrayagong, female, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (AM KS. 126520) F Karaops jarrit, holotype male, 11 km NW of Roe's Rock, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 55003) G Karaops monteithi, adult female, under rock, outside of Coen, Queensland; arrows indicate tufts of white setae H Karaops monteithi, habitat of outside of Coen, Queensland. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816391" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8D, E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 9. Karaops marrayagong, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales A adult female (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) B male, face (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C epigyne, caudal (sel _ 1089 AM KS. 126520) D male (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) E same, palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, blue = embolus, turquoise = spermophor, pink = conductor / conductor sheath, yellow = median apophysis, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (C); 1 mm (B, D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816392" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9A, D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 10. Karaops marrayagong and Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. A Karaops marrayagong on tree, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (Photo: Wendy Grimm) B Karaops marrayagong, male palp, retrolateral, same data as previous (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C Karaops marrayagong, epigyne, caudal same data as previous (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906); pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes / epigynal plate E same, endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold F same, epigyne G same, endogyne. Scale bars: 1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816394" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10B</figureCitation>
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). It can be differentiated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. raveni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="raveni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. raveni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. jarrit" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jarrit">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. jarrit</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the median apophysis, which has spinules along the anterior margin and two distinct branches. It can also be differentiated by the dRTA, which is at least two times as long as the vRTA in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. raveni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="raveni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. raveni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 10. Karaops marrayagong and Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. A Karaops marrayagong on tree, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (Photo: Wendy Grimm) B Karaops marrayagong, male palp, retrolateral, same data as previous (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C Karaops marrayagong, epigyne, caudal same data as previous (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906); pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes / epigynal plate E same, endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold F same, epigyne G same, endogyne. Scale bars: 1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816394" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10B</figureCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 30). In both
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. raveni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="raveni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. raveni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. jarrit" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jarrit">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. jarrit</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the vRTA is distally more knob-like due to an abrupt widening, and it is more uniform throughout its length in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. marrayagong" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. marrayagong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 9. Karaops marrayagong, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales A adult female (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) B male, face (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C epigyne, caudal (sel _ 1089 AM KS. 126520) D male (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) E same, palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, blue = embolus, turquoise = spermophor, pink = conductor / conductor sheath, yellow = median apophysis, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (C); 1 mm (B, D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816392" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 23, 29). The tegular lobe of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. jarrit" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jarrit">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. jarrit</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is located medially and extends basally to cover part of the cymbium (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 23), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. marrayagong" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. marrayagong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is located more retrolaterally, and it is vertically narrow, not covering much of the cymbium basally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 9. Karaops marrayagong, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales A adult female (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) B male, face (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C epigyne, caudal (sel _ 1089 AM KS. 126520) D male (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) E same, palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, blue = embolus, turquoise = spermophor, pink = conductor / conductor sheath, yellow = median apophysis, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (C); 1 mm (B, D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816392" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, it can be geographically differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. jarrit" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jarrit">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. jarrit</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because they are located on opposite sides of the continent (Map
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 4" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Map 4. Species of the Karaops raveni species group; green = Karaops jarrit, red = Karaops raveni, pale blue = Karaops marrayagong." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816393" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(sel_1091, AM KS.126522). Total length 4.23. Carapace: length 2.41, width 3.50. Chelicerae: promargin with three teeth, retromargin with two teeth. Eyes: AER nearly straight, PER slightly recurved; diameters AME 0.14, ALE 0.08, PME 0.14, PLE 0.21; interdistances AME-PME 0.10, PME-ALE 0.28, ALE-PLE 0.22, ALE-ALE 1.26, AME-AME 0.51, PLE-PLE 1.60. Sternum: length 1.17, width 1.81. Abdomen: length 1.82, width 1.70. Color: Carapace: pale yellowish brown, with sparse, thin setae and longer, thick setae laterally, posteriorly. Chelicerae: brown laterally, lightened to yellowish brown medially, dusky marks, more setae anteriorly than laterally. Maxillae: pale yellowish brown. Labium dusky, pale distally. Sternum: pale yellowish brown, darker at margin. Abdomen: dorsally tan, dark laterally and around posterior, including spinnerets, with two large black marks on anterior half, some paler chevrons posteriorly, with several dark flecks; ventrally tan. Legs: pale yellowish brown, dusky, some paler spots on Fm; spination leg I missing; leg II Fm d 1-1-0, pr 1-1-0, Ti v Ti 1-1-1-1-1, weak, unpaired; leg III Fm d 1-1-0, pr 1-1-0; leg IV Fm d 1-1-1; measurements leg I missing; leg II 19.19 (6.14, 1.43, 5.43, 4.43, 1.76); leg III 14.9 (4.21, 1.43, 4.36, 3.43, 1.47); leg IV 11.86 (4.07, 0.71, 3.36, 2.5, 1.22). Palp: spination Fm d 0-1-3; 2.67 (0.83, 0.49, 0.53, 0.82); Pt dusky retrolaterally, Ti dusky basodorsally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 5. Species from the Central Desert species group A Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (MAGNT A 004858) B same, holotype male, face showing black marks near eyes and " mustache " C Karaops larapinta sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, caudal, Finke River, Northern Territory (QMS 110852) D Karaops sp. from Watarrka National Park, Northern Territory. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816387" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
); dRTA longer than vRTA, curved ventrally, pointed at end, vRTA of uniform width, hollowed out dorsally; rbcp absent; Cy round, setae gradually denser apically, without conspicuous brush or chemosensory area; C large, CS around E, horizontally and vertically broad, top half of bulb, with sclerotized apophysis directed retrolaterally, rounded at tip, with medial groove; E long, arising from vertically narrow TL at 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
|
||
, along prolateral margin of cymbium, ending ~ 1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
|
||
; MA wide, with striae, Sp along anterior margin, with two branches, anterior small, broad, sclerotized, posterior longer, narrower, less sclerotized (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 9. Karaops marrayagong, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales A adult female (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) B male, face (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C epigyne, caudal (sel _ 1089 AM KS. 126520) D male (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) E same, palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, blue = embolus, turquoise = spermophor, pink = conductor / conductor sheath, yellow = median apophysis, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (C); 1 mm (B, D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816392" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(sel_1089, KS.126520). Habitus, live (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 9. Karaops marrayagong, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales A adult female (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) B male, face (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C epigyne, caudal (sel _ 1089 AM KS. 126520) D male (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) E same, palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, blue = embolus, turquoise = spermophor, pink = conductor / conductor sheath, yellow = median apophysis, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (C); 1 mm (B, D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816392" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 10. Karaops marrayagong and Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. A Karaops marrayagong on tree, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (Photo: Wendy Grimm) B Karaops marrayagong, male palp, retrolateral, same data as previous (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C Karaops marrayagong, epigyne, caudal same data as previous (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906); pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes / epigynal plate E same, endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold F same, epigyne G same, endogyne. Scale bars: 1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816394" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10A</figureCitation>
|
||
), preserved (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 8. Members from the Karaops raveni species group A Karaops jarrit, paratype female, conveyor # 2, Worsley Alumina Overland Conveyor Belt, SW of Boddington, Western Australia (WAM T 87168) B Karaops raveni, holotype male, Brooyar State Forest, Queensland (QM S 50593) C Karaops raveni, female paratype, Boat Mountain, Queensland (QM S 47057) D Karaops marrayagong, holotype female, Kitty's Creek near Sydney, New South Wales (AM KS 19743) E Karaops marrayagong, female, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (AM KS. 126520) F Karaops jarrit, holotype male, 11 km NW of Roe's Rock, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 55003) G Karaops monteithi, adult female, under rock, outside of Coen, Queensland; arrows indicate tufts of white setae H Karaops monteithi, habitat of outside of Coen, Queensland. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816391" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); epigyne, caudal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 9. Karaops marrayagong, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales A adult female (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) B male, face (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C epigyne, caudal (sel _ 1089 AM KS. 126520) D male (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) E same, palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, blue = embolus, turquoise = spermophor, pink = conductor / conductor sheath, yellow = median apophysis, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (C); 1 mm (B, D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816392" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9C</figureCitation>
|
||
). For a detailed description of the holotype, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Known only from the type locality and locality provided above, vicinity of Sydney, New South Wales, see Discussion (Map
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 4" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Map 4. Species of the Karaops raveni species group; green = Karaops jarrit, red = Karaops raveni, pale blue = Karaops marrayagong." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816393" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops marrayagong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in Sydney coastal dry sclerophyll forest, under bark of large and small eucalypts. An adult female, a subadult male, and two immatures of different instars were encountered in April. Simultaneously collecting adults and immatures of multiple instars is common in the family. The male (sel_1091) and an immature (sel_1090) died soon after collection (April). The female (sel_1089) and the other immature (sel_1088) died in November 2016. This species is found in a temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion. The IBRA bioregion is the Sydney Basin, subregion Pittwater. Adults and penultimate females were collected in one of the hottest months, with rainfall transitioning from heavy to light. The Sydney Basin has a temperate climate with no dry season.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. marrayagong" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. marrayagong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected beneath bark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
There is ambiguity regarding the type locality of this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The holotype is quite old, with little information other than
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Kitty’s">"Kitty's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Creek", an area that has been drastically developed in the last 100 years since the collection was made. The spider was encountered in a less-developed area thought to be near the type locality. It is difficult to determine if they are rare because they can be difficult to find, and typically no one is looking for them.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops marrayagong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. raveni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="raveni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. raveni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is found within the range of this species.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops raveni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. marrayagong" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. marrayagong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sister taxa (Suppl. material 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |