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<mods:title id="6759B5FEA149862DB3A2E859A3658510">Re-examining the rare and the lost: a review of fossil Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6DA7C97AFFE5D31EA97546F6C62BB823">Heikkilä, Maria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B6A38C8887CED188D11B24F421E09351">Mey, Wolfram</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B2FF08FFC71405FF5480191119FD65" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157232469" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2FF08FFC71405FF5480191119FD65" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2FF08FFC71405FF5480191119FD65" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" scope_family="Tortricidae" scope_order="Lepidoptera">
<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC71404FF548019106DF995" box="[151,847,1597,1623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC71404FF548019106DF995" blockId="14.[151,847,1597,1656]" box="[151,847,1597,1623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="D0ECF972FFC71404FF548019106DF995" bold="true" box="[151,847,1597,1623]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC71404FF548019106DF995" bold="true" box="[151,847,1597,1623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC71404FF5480191199F995" authority="(Kozlov, 1988)" authorityName="Heikkilä &amp; Brown &amp; Baixeras &amp; Mey &amp; Kozlov" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Kozlov" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[151,699,1597,1623]" genus="Paleolepidopterites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sadilenkoi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC71404FF5480191122F995" bold="true" box="[151,512,1597,1623]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Paleolepidopterites sadilenkoi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC71404FDCC80191190F995" author="Kozlov, M. V." box="[527,690,1597,1623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="16 - 69" refId="ref13016" refString="Kozlov, M. V. (1988) Paleontology of lepidopterans and problems of the phylogeny of the order Papilionida. In: Ponomarenko, A. G. (Ed.), The Mesozoic-Cenozoic Crisis in the Evolution of Insects. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 16 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1988">Kozlov, 1988</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C2F77FFC71404FD0B8019106DF995" box="[712,847,1597,1623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC71404FF54807B13FDF9B5" box="[151,223,1631,1656]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC71404FF54807B13FDF9B5" blockId="14.[151,847,1597,1656]" box="[151,223,1631,1656]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
<figureCitation id="1320529BFFC71404FF54807B13F9F9B5" box="[151,219,1631,1656]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1594,1616]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,735,1571]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,735,1571]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Paleolepidopterites sadilenkoi (Kozlov, 1988), comb. n. Baltic amber. Specimen has been stolen from the private collection of K. M. Sadilenko, Moscow, Russia (HT: no. 4). Photo: Mikhail V. Kozlov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3094767/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC71404FF54808C11A7F851" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC71404FF54808C112FF97F" blockId="14.[151,525,1703,1726]" box="[151,525,1703,1726]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
[
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC71404FF5C808D1125F97F" ID-CoL="94RLC" authority="Kozlov, 1988" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="1988" box="[159,519,1703,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortricites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sadilenkoi">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC71404FF5C808D1254F97F" box="[159,374,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Tortricites sadilenkoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC71404FEBF80831125F97F" author="Kozlov, M. V." box="[380,519,1703,1725]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="16 - 69" refId="ref13016" refString="Kozlov, M. V. (1988) Paleontology of lepidopterans and problems of the phylogeny of the order Papilionida. In: Ponomarenko, A. G. (Ed.), The Mesozoic-Cenozoic Crisis in the Evolution of Insects. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 16 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1988">Kozlov, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC71404FF5480CE11A7F851" blockId="14.[151,1437,1770,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC71404FF5480CE116DF8C1" bold="true" box="[151,591,1770,1795]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Excavation locality and depository:</emphasis>
Current location unknown. Formerly, the specimen was in the private collection of K. M. Sadilenko,
<collectingRegion id="49DF80FCFFC71404FDC0812B1146F8E4" box="[515,612,1807,1830]" country="Russia" name="Moscow" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Moscow</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30C0E8EFFC71404FDB0812A11E2F8E5" box="[627,704,1806,1831]" name="Russia" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Russia</collectingCountry>
, but was stolen (MVK, pers. comm.)/ (
<typeStatus id="54A0F0BCFFC71404FB4D812A17DEF8E5" box="[1166,1276,1806,1831]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: no. 4) Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. The re-assessment is based on information in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC71404FF5481721219F8AD" author="Kozlov, M. V." box="[151,315,1878,1903]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="16 - 69" refId="ref13016" refString="Kozlov, M. V. (1988) Paleontology of lepidopterans and problems of the phylogeny of the order Papilionida. In: Ponomarenko, A. G. (Ed.), The Mesozoic-Cenozoic Crisis in the Evolution of Insects. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 16 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1988">Kozlov (1988)</bibRefCitation>
and original notes, drawings and photographs by MVK. Some of the information mentioned below was not included in the primary description.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC71404FF0481BA1044F875" blockId="14.[151,1437,1770,2011]" box="[199,870,1950,1975]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC71404FF0481BA12FFF875" bold="true" box="[199,477,1950,1975]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Published illustrations:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC71404FE2781BA1180F875" author="Kozlov, M. V." box="[484,674,1950,1975]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="16 - 69" refId="ref13016" refString="Kozlov, M. V. (1988) Paleontology of lepidopterans and problems of the phylogeny of the order Papilionida. In: Ponomarenko, A. G. (Ed.), The Mesozoic-Cenozoic Crisis in the Evolution of Insects. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 16 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1988">Kozlov 1988: 38</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 8 (drawing).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC71404FF0481E616BEF819" blockId="14.[151,1437,1770,2011]" box="[199,1436,1986,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC71404FF0481E6126AF819" bold="true" box="[199,328,1986,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Condition:</emphasis>
The size of the amber piece: 40 × 35 ×
<quantity id="4CE3E3FBFFC71404FCCB81E61078F818" box="[776,858,1986,2011]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
. Amber light, transparent. The piece also contained
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC61405FF5486B311CCFEDF" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
four ants. Adult female moth with head, thorax and partial forewing. Length of forewing
<quantity id="4CE3E3FBFFC61405FB5086B317CFFF6D" box="[1171,1261,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
. Measurements not included in original description: body length without head
<quantity id="4CE3E3FBFFC61405FC9E86981094FF16" box="[861,950,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
, length of antenna
<quantity id="4CE3E3FBFFC61405FB4C869817CAFF16" box="[1167,1256,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
, hind femur 1.0 mm, hind tibia
<quantity id="4CE3E3FBFFC61405FEA086C412E4FF35" box="[355,454,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
, tarsus
<quantity id="4CE3E3FBFFC61405FDF286C411B7FF35" box="[561,661,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
. Forewing venation clearly visible. Hindwing venation almost indistinguishable. Frenulum consists of three acanthi.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC61405FF0487031119FD65" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC61405FF0487031119FD65" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC61405FF0487031273FE82" bold="true" box="[199,337,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Comments:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC61405FE9D87031125FE82" author="Kozlov, M. V." box="[350,519,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" pagination="16 - 69" refId="ref13016" refString="Kozlov, M. V. (1988) Paleontology of lepidopterans and problems of the phylogeny of the order Papilionida. In: Ponomarenko, A. G. (Ed.), The Mesozoic-Cenozoic Crisis in the Evolution of Insects. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 16 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1988">Kozlov (1988)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the assignment of the fossil to
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC61405FBD3870317A9FE82" baseAuthorityName="Horak" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1040,1163,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
is doubtful due to the insufficient preservation of the moth. However, he also wrote that within
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC61405FC0B87681761FEA7" baseAuthorityName="Horak" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[968,1091,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
the species should be assigned to the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC61405FED6874B12A5FE4A" baseAuthorityName="Horak" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[277,391,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cochylini">Cochylini</taxonomicName>
. The shape of the papillae anales is not visible in the available drawings and photographs, and it is possible that details of the female genitalia were not observable. The presence/absence of chaetosemata is not mentioned. The shape of the labial palpi is consistent with those of many tortricids and the wing shape and venation are typical of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC61405FE6487F81107FE37" baseAuthorityName="Horak" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[423,549,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
. The presence/absence of CuP is not observable (absent in most
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC61405FADE87F816B3FE37" baseAuthorityName="Horak" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1309,1425,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cochylini">Cochylini</taxonomicName>
). Because the available character evidence is scant and the examination of the actual specimen is not possible, we prefer to follow the assessment of
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC61405FDD484001199FDFE" author="Kozlov, M. V." box="[535,699,548,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" pagination="16 - 69" refId="ref13016" refString="Kozlov, M. V. (1988) Paleontology of lepidopterans and problems of the phylogeny of the order Papilionida. In: Ponomarenko, A. G. (Ed.), The Mesozoic-Cenozoic Crisis in the Evolution of Insects. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 16 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1988">Kozlov (1988)</bibRefCitation>
and consider the assignment of the fossil to
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC61405FB6F84001604FDFF" baseAuthorityName="Horak" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1196,1318,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
uncertain. The moth is heteroneuran and based on the size, wing shape and venation, details of the antennae, haustellum, maxillary and labial palpi (see e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC61405FDF48448119DFD46" author="Davis, D." box="[567,703,620,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" pagination="65 - 90" refId="ref12107" refString="Davis, D. (1998) The Monotrysian Heteroneura. In: Kristensen, N. P. (Ed.), Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, 1 Evolution, systematics and biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie / Handbook of Zoology 35. De Gruyter, Berlin, New York, pp. 65 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110804744.65" type="book chapter" year="1998">Davis 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC61405FD0C844810F2FD46" author="Davis, D. R. &amp; Gentili, P." box="[719,976,620,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" pagination="15 - 26" refId="ref12177" refString="Davis, D. R. &amp; Gentili, P. (2003) Andesianidae, a new family of monotrysian moths (Lepidoptera: Andesianoidea) from austral South America. Invertebrate Systematics, 17 (1), 15 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 02006" type="journal article" year="2003">Davis &amp; Gentili 2003</bibRefCitation>
), most likely does not belong to extant families of monotrysian Heteroneura.
</paragraph>
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