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<document id="91CC26BEDD0BD7B71F05C243DD634A18" ID-CLB-Dataset="22494" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4765.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8af5a092-f062-48c7-8d7c-f96ae6282bfa" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774174" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C442D94C-0EB4-4509-B762-913707214819" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588094957734" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Hodgson, Chris" docDate="2020" docId="03B2EA640A9D46E72CFCFA27FC60D6F0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4765.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4765 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Asterolecaniidae Cockerell 1896" docType="key" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="182" masterDocId="FF8B921C0A2F46522C6BFF8EFFCBD747" masterDocTitle="A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males" masterLastPageNumber="264" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="179" updateTime="1698837970293" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E95CF865255BE241390ED721679DD07B">A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03B2EA640A9D46E72CFCFA27FC60D6F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3796819" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163857779" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3796819" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2EA640A9D46E72CFCFA27FC60D6F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2EA640A9D46E72CFCFA27FC60D6F0" lastPageId="181" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
<subSubSection id="C30108F90A9D46E02CFCFA27FD46D284" box="[151,653,1449,1475]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9D46E02CFCFA27FD46D284" blockId="178.[151,653,1449,1475]" box="[151,653,1449,1475]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02CFCFA27FD46D284" authority="Cockerell 1896" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,653,1449,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9D46E02CFCFA27FD46D284" bold="true" box="[151,653,1449,1475]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
ASTEROLECANIIDAE
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A9D46E02DB8FA27FD46D284" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[467,653,1449,1475]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="318 - 339" refId="ref198881" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1896 a) A check list of the Coccidae. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 4, 318 - 339." type="journal article" year="1896">Cockerell 1896</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90A9D46E02CFCFA63FEEFD163" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9D46E02CFCFA63FEEFD163" blockId="178.[151,1436,1516,1572]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0A9D46E02CFCFA63FEEFD163" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02CFCFA63FDAAD142" authority="Targioni Tozzetti 1868" authorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,609,1516,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Cerococcidae" genus="Asterolecanium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9D46E02CFCFA63FEFED142" box="[151,309,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Asterolecanium</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630A9D46E02D55FA62FDAAD142" box="[318,609,1516,1541]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A9D46E02D55FA62FDAAD142" author="Targioni Tozzetti, A." box="[318,609,1516,1541]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="721 - 738" refId="ref212003" refString="Targioni Tozzetti, A. (1868) Introduzione alla seconda memoria per gli studi sulle cocciniglie, e catalogo dei generi e delle specie della famiglia dei coccidi. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 11, 721 - 738." type="journal article" year="1868">Targioni Tozzetti 1868, 734</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00A9D46E02E06FA60FD54D141" box="[621,671,1518,1542]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02F6AFA60FBC2D142" authority="Boisduval" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1868" box="[769,1033,1516,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9D46E02F6AFA60FC52D142" box="[769,921,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Coccus aureus</emphasis>
Boisduval
</taxonomicName>
by monotypy. (=
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E028A3FA60FED2D163" authority=", Bouche" authorityName="Bouche" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Lecanium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epidendri">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9D46E028A3FA60FA5DD142" box="[1224,1430,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Lecanium epidendri</emphasis>
, Bouche
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90A9D46E02CFCF9DFFB53D093" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9D46E02CFCF9DFFB53D093" blockId="178.[151,1436,1617,2005]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9D46E02CFCF9DFFEFDD12B" bold="true" box="[151,310,1617,1644]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Introduction.</emphasis>
The family
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02DACF9DCFD48D12B" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1896" box="[455,643,1618,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Asterolecaniidae</taxonomicName>
currently includes 24 genera and 244 species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A9D46E028CEF9DCFF1FD1D7" author="Garcia Morales" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Garcia Morales" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" refId="ref201635" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2019) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: https: // data. nal. usda. gov / dataset / scalenet-scaleinsects-coccoidea-database (accessed 12 August 2019)" type="url" year="2019">
García Morales
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9D46E0290AF9DDFA5ED12B" box="[1377,1429,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
). The family has a widespread geographic distribution, and occurs on many plant families but most species are specialists on bamboos (
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02DA4F914FDE4D1F3" box="[463,559,1690,1716]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02E51F914FD2FD1F2" authorityName="Luerssen" authorityYear="1893" box="[570,740,1690,1717]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bambusoideae">Bambusoideae</taxonomicName>
). A few species are gall-inducers. Molecular studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A9D46E02959F914FEDED19F" author="Gullan &amp; Cook" firstAuthor="Gullan" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="413 - 425" refId="ref202599" refString="Gullan, P. J. &amp; Cook, L. G. (2007) Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Zootaxa, 1668, 413 - 425." type="journal article" year="2007">Gullan &amp; Cook 2007</bibRefCitation>
; Yokagawa &amp; Yahara 2009;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A9D46E02E24F931FC8BD19E" author="Vea &amp; Grimaldi" box="[591,832,1726,1753]" firstAuthor="Vea" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="23487" refId="ref212464" refString="Vea, I. M. &amp; Grimaldi, D. A. (2016) Putting scales into evolutionary time: the divergence of major scale insect lineages (Hemiptera) predates the radiation of modern angiosperm hosts. Scientific Reports, 6, 23487. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 23487" type="journal article" year="2016">Vea &amp; Grimaldi 2016</bibRefCitation>
) suggest that the
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02F94F930FB70D19F" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1896" box="[1023,1211,1726,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Asterolecaniidae</taxonomicName>
are sister to
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E0292CF931FF18D1BB" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02C8BF96CFE8ED1BB" box="[224,325,1762,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Kerridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kerridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02D3AF96CFE22D1BB" authorityName="Balachowsky" authorityYear="1942" box="[337,489,1762,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Cerococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerococcidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02E49F96CFD33D1BB" authorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityYear="1869" box="[546,760,1762,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Lecanodiaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lecanodiaspididae</taxonomicName>
. Based on adult male morphology, this family was found to be closest to the
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02D3AF888FE22D067" authorityName="Balachowsky" authorityYear="1942" box="[337,489,1798,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Cerococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerococcidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02E4BF888FBD7D067" authority="(Hodgson &amp; Hardy 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson &amp; Hardy" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[544,1052,1798,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Lecanodiaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Lecanodiaspididae (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A9D46E02F6BF888FBDFD067" author="Hodgson &amp; Hardy" box="[768,1044,1798,1824]" firstAuthor="Hodgson" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="794 - 804" refId="ref203953" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2013) The phylogeny of the superfamily Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) based on the morphology of extant and extinct macropterous males. Systematic Entomology, 38, 794 - 804. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12030" type="journal article" year="2013">Hodgson &amp; Hardy 2013</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. To-date, the males of 4 species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02CFCF8A4FE98D003" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,339,1834,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Asterolecaniidae</taxonomicName>
have been fully described and illustrated (
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02F5AF8A5FF10D02E" authority="Giliomee &amp; Munting (Giliomee &amp; Munting, 1968)" authorityName="Giliomee &amp; Munting (Giliomee &amp; Munting" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Cerococcidae" genus="Asterolecanium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proteae">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9D46E02F5AF8A5FC6ED003" box="[817,933,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">A. proteae</emphasis>
Giliomee &amp; Munting (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A9D46E028CCF8A4FF19D02E" author="Giliomee &amp; Munting" firstAuthor="Giliomee" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="221 - 229" refId="ref201872" refString="Giliomee, J. H. &amp; Munting, J. (1968) A new species of Asterolecanium Targ. (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Asterolecaniidae) from South Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 31, 221 - 229." type="journal article" year="1968">Giliomee &amp; Munting, 1968</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02C8EF8C0FC2ED02F" authority="Lagowska &amp; Martin (Lagowska et al. 2015)" box="[229,997,1869,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Bambusaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversa">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9D46E02C8EF8C0FE3ED02F" box="[229,501,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Bambusaspis transversa</emphasis>
Łagowska &amp; Martin (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A9D46E02E81F8C0FC16D02F" author="Lagowska" box="[746,989,1869,1897]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lagowska" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="128 - 142" refId="ref206782" refString="Lagowska, B., Martin, J. H. &amp; Hodgson, C. J. (2015) A new species of Bambusaspis Cockerell (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) colonising bamboo in Malaysia. Zootaxa, 4006 (1), 128 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4006.1.6" type="journal article" year="2015">
Łagowska
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9D46E02F0FF8C1FC5ED02F" box="[868,917,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02F9BF8C1FDF7D0CB" authority="Miller &amp; Lambdin (Miller &amp; Lambdin 1978)" authorityName="Miller &amp; Lambdin (Miller &amp; Lambdin" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Grammococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adetocorymbus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9D46E02F9BF8C1FA9BD02F" box="[1008,1360,1870,1897]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Grammococcus adetocorymbus</emphasis>
Miller &amp; Lambdin (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A9D46E02D4DF8FCFDFFD0CB" author="Miller &amp; Lambdin" box="[294,564,1906,1932]" firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="240 - 263" refId="ref208735" refString="Miller, D. R. &amp; Lambdin, P. L. (1978) A new genus and two new species of asterolecaniid scale insects on palm from Colombia and Trinidad (Homoptera: Coccoidea; Asterolecaniidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 240 - 263." type="journal article" year="1978">Miller &amp; Lambdin 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02E1BF8FCFB66D0CA" authority="Lambdin (Lambdin 1986)" authorityName="Lambdin (Lambdin" authorityYear="1986" box="[624,1197,1906,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Sclerosococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9D46E02E1BF8FCFC4FD0CB" box="[624,900,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Sclerosococcus chilensis</emphasis>
Lambdin (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A9D46E02F96F8FCFB6DD0CA" author="Lambdin" box="[1021,1190,1906,1933]" firstAuthor="Lambdin" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="146 - 147" refId="ref206934" refString="Lambdin, P. L. (1986) Allotype description of the male scale: Sclerococcus chilensis (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Asterolecaniidae). Insecta Mundi, 1 (3), 146 - 147." type="journal article" year="1986">Lambdin 1986</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, whilst a fifth species was partially described,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9D46E02DCDF819FBF8D0F7" authority="Miller &amp; Lambdin (Miller &amp; Lambdin 1978)" authorityName="Miller &amp; Lambdin (Miller &amp; Lambdin" authorityYear="1978" box="[422,1075,1942,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Grammococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corymbus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9D46E02DCDF819FDFED0F7" box="[422,565,1942,1969]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">G. corymbus</emphasis>
Miller &amp; Lambdin (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A9D46E02F73F818FBE0D0F7" author="Miller &amp; Lambdin" box="[792,1067,1942,1968]" firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="240 - 263" refId="ref208735" refString="Miller, D. R. &amp; Lambdin, P. L. (1978) A new genus and two new species of asterolecaniid scale insects on palm from Colombia and Trinidad (Homoptera: Coccoidea; Asterolecaniidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 240 - 263." type="journal article" year="1978">Miller &amp; Lambdin 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The following family diagnosis is based on the above published descriptions and also on the
<specimenCount id="9D1D90FB0A9D46E02F2BF837FC46D093" box="[832,909,1977,2004]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" type="adult">5 adult</specimenCount>
males described below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF640BFA0A9C46E12CFCF8ABFE1AD025" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774316" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774316/files/figure.png" pageId="179" pageNumber="180" startId="179.[151,250,1829,1854]" targetBox="[160,1427,190,1795]" targetPageId="179">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9C46E12CFCF8ABFE1AD025" blockId="179.[151,1436,1829,1890]" pageId="179" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9C46E12CFCF8ABFED5D079" bold="true" box="[151,286,1829,1854]" pageId="179" pageNumber="180">FIGURE 70.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9C46E12D4AF8A8FD90D079" authority="(Takahashi)" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" box="[289,603,1829,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Asterodiaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="179" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9C46E12D4AF8A8FE17D079" box="[289,476,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="179" pageNumber="180">Asterodiaspis alba</emphasis>
(Takahashi)
</taxonomicName>
. Macropterous male. (
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9C46E12F5DF8ABFC2CD079" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1896" box="[822,999,1829,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="179" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Asterolecaniidae</taxonomicName>
).Where A=cranial apophysis and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90A9C46E62CACF81EFEEAD4C4" lastPageId="180" lastPageNumber="181" pageId="179" pageNumber="180" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9C46E12CACF81EFA57D0B5" blockId="179.[151,1436,1936,2035]" pageId="179" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9C46E12CACF81EFCE9D0EC" bold="true" box="[199,802,1936,1963]" pageId="179" pageNumber="180">Family diagnosis based on adult male morphology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132047F70A9C46E12F5AF81EFC7DD0ED" box="[817,950,1936,1962]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 70" captionStart-1="FIGURE 71" captionStart-2="FIGURE 72" captionStart-3="FIGURE 73" captionStart-4="FIGURE 74" captionStartId-0="179.[151,250,1829,1854]" captionStartId-1="183.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionStartId-2="185.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionStartId-3="187.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionStartId-4="190.[151,250,1803,1828]" captionTargetBox-0="[160,1427,190,1795]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1429,192,1886]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,1406,188,1920]" captionTargetBox-3="[244,1339,181,1919]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1431,193,1772]" captionTargetId-0="figure@179.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId-1="figure@183.[151,1436,181,1886]" captionTargetId-2="figure@185.[173,1413,181,1920]" captionTargetId-3="figure@187.[244,1343,181,1919]" captionTargetId-4="figure@190.[151,1436,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId-0="179" captionTargetPageId-1="183" captionTargetPageId-2="185" captionTargetPageId-3="187" captionTargetPageId-4="190" captionText-0="FIGURE 70.Asterodiaspis alba (Takahashi).Macropterous male. (Asterolecaniidae).WhereA=cranial apophysis and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." captionText-1="FIGURE 71. Bambusaspis delicata (Green). Macropterous male. (Asterolecaniidae). WhereA=cranial apophysis and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." captionText-2="FIGURE 72. Bambusaspis longa (Green). Macropterous male. (Asterolecaniidae). Where D=fleshy seta, E=hair-like seta and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." captionText-3="FIGURE 73. Asterolecanium petrophilae (Fuller). Macropterous male. (Asterolecaniidae)." captionText-4="FIGURE 74. Hsuia cheni Borchsenius. Macropterous male. (Asterolecaniidae). Where A=cranial apophysis and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774316" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774318" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774320" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774322" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774326" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3774316/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3774318/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3774320/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3774322/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3774326/files/figure.png" pageId="179" pageNumber="180">Figs 70–74</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9C46E12FA3F81FFBCDD0EC" bold="true" box="[968,1030,1937,1963]" pageId="179" pageNumber="180">Body</emphasis>
. Small; abdomen basically parallelsided and then narrowing to penial sheath; body with very few setae, all hs; loculate pores absent but simple pores often present on head.
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9C46E12DFFF857FE10D0B4" bold="true" box="[404,475,2009,2035]" pageId="179" pageNumber="180">Head.</emphasis>
Mid-cranial ridge well-developed ventrally;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9C46E12FB9F856FA57D0B5" box="[978,1436,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="179" pageNumber="180">postoccipital ridge absent or represented</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCFF17FEEAD4C4" blockId="180.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62CFCFF17FE1CD7F4" box="[151,471,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">by a pair of diagonal ridges</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62D8CFF14FD03D7F4" box="[487,712,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">genae without setae</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62EBCFF14FB01D7F4" box="[727,1226,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">genae sometimes with a genal protuberance</emphasis>
; with two pairs of simple eyes;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62D46FF33FE04D790" box="[301,463,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">ocellus absent</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62DB4FF33FB1FD790" box="[479,1236,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">preocular ridge extending dorsally and curving around dorsal eye</emphasis>
; postocular ridge touching or almost touching posterior margin of dorsal eye and extending medially almost to preoccipital ridge;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62CFCFE8BFDD8D658" box="[151,531,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">ocular sclerite heavily reticulated</emphasis>
; ventral head setae usually in a band anterior to ventral eyes;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E628B9FE88FEC6D604" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">antennae 9 or 10- segmented</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62D75FEA4FCBBD604" box="[286,880,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">antennae sometimes with very long setae (bristles?)</emphasis>
; other antennal setae probably mainly fs; antennal flagellar segments with 3 or 4 capitate setae on apical segment.
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62FF3FEC3FBB0D620" bold="true" box="[920,1147,333,359]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Thorax: prothorax</emphasis>
: prosternum with a weak transverse ridge, strongest laterally;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62E46FEFCFA5FD6CC" box="[557,1428,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">prosternum with a long, strong median ridge which extends between procoxae</emphasis>
; prosternal setae absent.
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62DCFFE1BFDF8D6E8" bold="true" box="[420,563,405,431]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Mesothorax</emphasis>
: prescutum distinctly wider than long; membranous area of scutum without scutal setae, but often with reticulations;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62EEBFE37FBC5D694" box="[640,1038,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">scutellum tubular, with a foramen</emphasis>
; postmesospiracular setae absent;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62CFCFE53FD92D6B0" box="[151,601,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">basisternum with a strong medial ridge</emphasis>
; basisternum without setae; furca without a distinct waist;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62894FE50FBB2D55C" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">area bounded anteriorly by scutellum and laterally by mesopostnotum either striated or reticulated.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E628E9FD8FFAD0D55C" bold="true" box="[1154,1307,513,539]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Metathorax:</emphasis>
metatergal setae absent; metasternum without setae; postmetaspiracular setae absent.
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62F8FFDAAFBF0D578" bold="true" box="[996,1083,548,575]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Wings:</emphasis>
alar setae absent; alar lobes absent;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62CB8FDC7FE13D524" box="[211,472,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">hamulohalteres absent.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62DB5FDC7FDDDD524" bold="true" box="[478,534,585,611]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Legs</emphasis>
: trochanter elongate, with trochanter sensilla in a line;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E628EBFDC7FA5ED524" box="[1152,1429,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">tibia without tibial spurs</emphasis>
; tarsal campaniform sensilla present;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62E46FDE0FD3AD5C0" box="[557,753,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">tarsi 1 segmented</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62E95FDE0FB29D5C0" box="[766,1250,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">tarsi unusually long, almost as long as tibia</emphasis>
; tarsi with many spur-like setae; tarsal digitules capitate; claw digitules capitate; claws long and narrow, without a denticle.
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62939FD1EFF1FD588" bold="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Abdomen:</emphasis>
tergites represented by narrow reticulations;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62EB5FD3BFBF6D588" box="[734,1085,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">dorsal abdominal setae absent</emphasis>
; one pleural seta on each side of most segments; ventral abdominal setae restricted to posterior 3 segments:
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62879FD54FF20D450" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">segment VIII usually with a strong sternite</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62C91FD73FDD1D450" box="[250,538,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">glandular pouches absent</emphasis>
; caudal extensions small or absent; segment VIII with a moderately long pleural seta; segment IX fairly broad and fused to style; style usually quite long and pointed; basal rod present, extending from base of aedeagus almost to posterior margin of VIII;
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62F5FFCCBFB55D418" box="[820,1182,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">membranous basal area present</emphasis>
; aedeagus reaching to end of style.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90A9B46E62CFCFC5EFD18D4AE" box="[151,723,975,1002]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCFC5EFD18D4AE" blockId="180.[151,723,975,1002]" box="[151,723,975,1002]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62CFCFC5EFD18D4AE" bold="true" box="[151,723,975,1002]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
Key to known adult males of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9B46E62E68FC41FD18D4AE" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1896" box="[515,723,975,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Asterolecaniidae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90A9B46E72CFCFB9AFA57D64F" lastPageId="181" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" type="key">
<key id="FF8A0C430A9B46E72CFCFB9AFA57D64F" lastPageId="181" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyStep id="30EF43D70A9B46E62CFCFB9AFA57D323" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCFB9AFA57D30F" blockId="180.[151,1436,1044,1125]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCFB9AFA57D30F" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
1. Penial sheath short, no longer than width of anterior margin of abdominal segment IX.............................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9B46E62E32FBBCFB8BD30F" authority="Miller &amp; Lambdin" authorityName="Miller &amp; Lambdin (Miller &amp; Lambdin" authorityYear="1978" box="[601,1088,1074,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Grammococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adetocorymbus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62E32FBBCFC42D300" box="[601,905,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Grammococcus adetocorymbus</emphasis>
Miller &amp; Lambdin
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9B46E62835FBBCFA5FD30F" authority="Miller &amp; Lambdin" authorityName="Miller &amp; Lambdin (Miller &amp; Lambdin" authorityYear="1978" box="[1118,1428,1074,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Grammococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corymbus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62835FBBCFB12D300" box="[1118,1241,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">G. corymbus</emphasis>
Miller &amp; Lambdin
</taxonomicName>
*
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCFBC1FA57D323" blockId="180.[151,1436,1044,1125]" box="[151,1436,1103,1125]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCFBC1FA57D323" box="[151,1436,1103,1125]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">- Penial sheath much longer than width of anterior margin of abdominal segment IX................................. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30EF43D70A9B46E62CFCFB04FA57D3FB" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCFB04FA57D3D8" blockId="180.[151,1436,1162,1213]" box="[151,1436,1162,1184]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCFB04FA57D3D8" box="[151,1436,1162,1184]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">2. Antennae 9 segmented................................................................................. 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCFB29FA57D3FB" blockId="180.[151,1436,1162,1213]" box="[151,1436,1191,1213]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCFB29FA57D3FB" box="[151,1436,1191,1213]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">- Antennae 10 segmented................................................................................ 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30EF43D70A9B46E62CFCFB6CFA57D275" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCFB6CFA57D252" blockId="180.[151,1436,1250,1330]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCFB6CFA57D252" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
3. Simple pores present in a group near each scape on dorsal surface. Scutellar foramen small..............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9B46E62872FB71FA89D252" authority="(Takahashi)" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" box="[1049,1346,1279,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Asterodiaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62872FB71FB07D253" box="[1049,1228,1279,1300]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Asterodiaspis alba</emphasis>
(Takahashi)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132047F70A9B46E62924FB71FA5ED252" box="[1359,1429,1279,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 70" captionStartId="179.[151,250,1829,1854]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,190,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@179.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="179" captionText="FIGURE 70.Asterodiaspis alba (Takahashi).Macropterous male. (Asterolecaniidae).WhereA=cranial apophysis and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774316/files/figure.png" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCFA93FA57D275" blockId="180.[151,1436,1250,1330]" box="[151,1436,1308,1330]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCFA93FA57D275" box="[151,1436,1308,1330]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
- Simple pores absent from head. Scutellar foramen large...........................
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9B46E62838FA92FA57D275" authority="Fuller" authorityName="Fuller" box="[1107,1436,1308,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Cerococcidae" genus="Asterolecanium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petrophilae">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62838FA92FA96D276" box="[1107,1373,1308,1329]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Asterolecanium petrophilae</emphasis>
Fuller
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30EF43D70A9B46E62CFCFAD9FA57D2E0" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCFAD9FA57D2CD" blockId="180.[151,1436,1367,1448]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCFAD9FA57D2CD" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">4. Antennae with extremely long setae (probably antennal bristles) on some antennal segments, each much longer than length of an antennal segment.................................................................................. 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCFA1CFA57D2E0" blockId="180.[151,1436,1367,1448]" box="[151,1436,1426,1448]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCFA1CFA57D2E0" box="[151,1436,1426,1448]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">- Antennae without setae longer than length of each segment................................................... 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30EF43D70A9B46E62CFCFA42FA57D15A" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCFA42FA57D147" blockId="180.[151,1436,1484,1565]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCFA42FA57D147" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
5. Apical antennal segment more than twice as long as antennal segment IV. Longest setae on each antenna up to 100 μm long.....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9B46E6284BFA64FA88D147" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" box="[1056,1347,1514,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Bambusaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delicata">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E6284BFA64FB3AD2B8" box="[1056,1265,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Bambusaspis delicata</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132047F70A9B46E62924FA64FA5ED147" box="[1359,1429,1514,1536]" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="183.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,192,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@183.[151,1436,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="183" captionText="FIGURE 71. Bambusaspis delicata (Green). Macropterous male. (Asterolecaniidae). WhereA=cranial apophysis and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774318/files/figure.png" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCF989FA57D15A" blockId="180.[151,1436,1484,1565]" box="[151,1436,1543,1565]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCF989FA57D15A" box="[151,1436,1543,1565]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">- Apical antennal segment about as long as antennal segment IV. Longest setae on each antenna not nearly 100 μm long.... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30EF43D70A9B46E62CFCF9CFFA57D1D5" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCF9CFFA57D132" blockId="180.[151,1436,1601,1682]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCF9CFFA57D132" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
6. Penial sheath (segment IX + style) short and broad, total length no more than about twice anterior width of segment IX.............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9B46E62839F9EEFA88D132" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1106,1347,1631,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Hsuia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cheni">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62839F9EEFB0DD133" box="[1106,1222,1631,1653]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Hsuia cheni</emphasis>
Borchsenius
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132047F70A9B46E62924F9D1FA5ED132" box="[1359,1429,1631,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="190.[151,250,1803,1828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,193,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@190.[151,1436,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="190" captionText="FIGURE 74. Hsuia cheni Borchsenius. Macropterous male. (Asterolecaniidae). Where A=cranial apophysis and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774326/files/figure.png" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCF9F3FA57D1D5" blockId="180.[151,1436,1601,1682]" box="[151,1436,1660,1682]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCF9F3FA57D1D5" box="[151,1436,1660,1682]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">- Penial sheath (segment IX + style) about 3x longer than anterior width of segment IX.............................. 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30EF43D70A9B46E62CFCF939FA57D062" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCF939FA57D1AD" blockId="180.[151,1437,1719,1829]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCF939FA57D1AD" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
7. Membranous area on scutum with polygonal reticulations. All setae on penial sheath (segment IX + style) very short, only slightly longer than width of basal sockets....................................
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9B46E6285DF95AFA88D1AD" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1078,1347,1748,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Bambusaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E6285DF95AFB39D1AE" box="[1078,1266,1748,1769]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Bambusaspis longa</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132047F70A9B46E62924F95AFA5ED1AD" box="[1359,1429,1748,1770]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="185.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[178,1406,188,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@185.[173,1413,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="185" captionText="FIGURE 72. Bambusaspis longa (Green). Macropterous male. (Asterolecaniidae). Where D=fleshy seta, E=hair-like seta and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774320/files/figure.png" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCF97CFA57D062" blockId="180.[151,1437,1719,1829]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCF97CFA57D062" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
- Membranous area on scutum without polygonal reticulations. All setae on penial sheath (segment IX + style) much longer than width of basal sockets..............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9B46E62F81F881FA57D062" authority="Lagowska &amp; Martin" authorityName="Lagowska &amp; Martin" box="[1002,1436,1807,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Bambusaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversa">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62F81F881FB18D062" box="[1002,1235,1807,1829]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Bambusaspis transversa</emphasis>
Łagowska &amp; Martin
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30EF43D70A9B46E62CFCF8C4FA57D0F0" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCF8C4FA56D03B" blockId="180.[151,1437,1866,1975]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCF8C4FA56D03B" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
8. Penial sheath very long, subequal to length of abdomen. Abdominal segment VIII with some loculate pores in position of glandular pouches.............................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9B46E62826F8E9FAF1D03B" authorityName="Lambdin (Lambdin" authorityYear="1986" box="[1101,1338,1895,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Sclerosococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9B46E62826F8E9FAF1D03B" box="[1101,1338,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Sclerosococcus chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lambdinǂ
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9B46E62CFCF80BFA57D0F0" blockId="180.[151,1437,1866,1975]" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9B46E62CFCF80BFA57D0F0" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">- Penial sheath short, no longer than about width of 3 posterior abdominal segments. Abdominal segment VIII without loculate pores.............................................................................................. 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30EF43D70A9A46E72CFCFF14FA57D64F" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9A46E72CFCFF14FA57D78A" blockId="181.[151,1436,153,264]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9A46E72CFCFF14FA57D78A" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
9. Ventral head setae present in a transverse band anterior to each ventral simple eye. Ventral mid-cranial ridge setae absent...................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9A46E72F9DFF39FA57D78A" authority="(Giliomee &amp; Munting)" baseAuthorityName="Giliomee &amp; Munting" box="[1014,1436,183,205]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Russellaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proteae">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9A46E72F9DFF39FB70D78B" box="[1014,1211,183,204]" italics="true" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Russellaspis proteae</emphasis>
(Giliomee &amp; Munting)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9A46E72CFCFF5BFA57D64F" blockId="181.[151,1436,153,264]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
<keyLead id="30EAF8470A9A46E72CFCFF5BFA57D64F" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
- Ventral head setae absent from anterior to each ventral simple eye. Ventral mid-cranial ridge setae present..............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9A46E72F82FF7FFA88D640" authority="(Fuller)" baseAuthorityName="Fuller" box="[1001,1347,241,263]" class="Insecta" family="Cerococcidae" genus="Asterolecanium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petrophilae">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9A46E72F82FF7FFB38D641" box="[1001,1267,241,262]" italics="true" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Asterolecanium petrophilae</emphasis>
(Fuller)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132047F70A9A46E72924FF7FFA5ED64F" box="[1359,1429,241,264]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="187.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[244,1339,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@187.[244,1343,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="187" captionText="FIGURE 73. Asterolecanium petrophilae (Fuller). Macropterous male. (Asterolecaniidae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774322/files/figure.png" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90A9A46E72CFCFEBFFC60D6F0" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A9A46E72CFCFEBFFC60D6F0" blockId="181.[151,1437,305,439]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
Note.* The descriptions of these two species in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A9A46E72EC4FEBFFC29D60C" author="Miller and Lambdin" box="[687,994,305,331]" firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" pagination="240 - 263" refId="ref208735" refString="Miller, D. R. &amp; Lambdin, P. L. (1978) A new genus and two new species of asterolecaniid scale insects on palm from Colombia and Trinidad (Homoptera: Coccoidea; Asterolecaniidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 240 - 263." type="journal article" year="1978">Miller and Lambdin (1978)</bibRefCitation>
are not sufficiently detailed to separate them. ǂ The description of the abdominal segmentation of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9A46E72F41FEDBFB4CD637" authority="in Lambdin (1986)" authorityName="Lambdin (Lambdin" authorityYear="1986" box="[810,1159,341,368]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Sclerosococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9A46E72F41FEDBFC62D628" box="[810,937,341,367]" italics="true" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">S. chilensis</emphasis>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A9A46E72FA4FEDBFB4CD637" author="Lambdin" box="[975,1159,341,368]" firstAuthor="Lambdin" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" pagination="146 - 147" refId="ref206934" refString="Lambdin, P. L. (1986) Allotype description of the male scale: Sclerococcus chilensis (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Asterolecaniidae). Insecta Mundi, 1 (3), 146 - 147." type="journal article" year="1986">Lambdin (1986)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is likely to be incorrect. The loculate pores are almost certainly on segment VIII rather than on segment VII. In addition, he misspells
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9A46E7290FFEF7FEDFD6F0" authorityName="McKenzie" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Sclerosococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9A46E7290FFEF7FEDFD6F0" italics="true" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Sclerosococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A9A46E72D52FE13FE07D6F0" box="[313,460,413,439]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Sclerococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A9A46E72D52FE13FE07D6F0" box="[313,460,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Sclerococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the title and in the caption to the figure.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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